作者：黄森林
出版社：中国地质大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
体育英语精读教材试读：
前言
随着郎平、姚明、李娜、林丹、丁俊晖、孙杨等中国超级体育偶像，以及梅西、伍兹、波尔等国际明星的出现，中国大学生甚至全中国人民对他们所从事的项目表现出极大的热情，并纷纷投身其中。正是由于这些明星的存在，他们所从事的竞技运动项目才显得如此有魅力。由于这些竞技项目具有高度的国际流行性，学习与之相关的英语也显得更为迫切。为了深度剖析这些竞技项目的流行成因及满足大学生和体育爱好者们对体育英语的需求，作者特编写了这本《体育英语精读教材》。
本教材主要针对在大学生中非常流行的多种体育项目，以中英文对照的形式，系统、全面地介绍了种种术语与相关知识。不仅对这些体育项目的起源进行深度阐述，探究其普及和流行的原因，还以对话的形式对项目进行了探讨。在每个章节的最后还结合该项目中偶像巨星的成长历程，对各个项目的流行原因和发展趋势进行了剖析，使本教材的可读性进一步提升，为热爱运动同时对英语感兴趣的年轻朋友提供一个很好的入门参考。
本教材得到了华中科技大学“教学质量工程”项目的资助。本教材适用于体育专业本科生、普通高校大学生及外国留学生。对于体育类的研究生也是提高其专业英语水平的实用教材。通过对本教材的学习，学习者不仅可以了解体育科学与体育运动各项目的基本词汇和表达方式，而且还可以学到普通英语的基本用法，从而提高阅读和翻译体育专业文章的能力。
全教材共分10个章节，分别介绍了网球、篮球、足球、排球、羽毛球、乒乓球、游泳、斯诺克、高尔夫、瑜伽等深受大学生喜欢的现代流行运动项目。本书倡导在学习英语时欣赏体育，在欣赏体育中提高英语”，最终达到运动水平和英语水平共同提高的效果。
本教材在撰写过程中参阅了一些英美国家的报刊，引用了一些英文书籍和网络资料，并得到了很多人的大力支持，在此不一一表述，谨致以诚挚的谢意。
本教材集专业性和普及性于一体，由于经验和水平有限，不妥之处在所难免，恳请使用本教材的师生和读者批评指正。笔者2012年6月
Chapter 1 Tennis 第一章 网球
Origins and Reasons for Popularity项目起源及流行探因Tennis is a beautiful and intense movement. The origin and development of tennis can be summarized into five sentences：bred in France, was born in England, began to spread and formed the climax in the U.S.，prevalent over the world, known as the world's second popular ball games.
网球是一项优美而激烈的运动。网球运动的由来和发展可以用五句话来概括：孕育在法国，诞生在英国，开始普及和形成高潮在美国，现在盛行全世界，被称为世界第二大球类运动。
Its origins can be traced back to 12-13 century. French missionaries were popular with a game hitting the ball with the palm of your hand.Two men separated from a rope on the ground hit the ball made of hair which was wrapped up within cloth and played with the palm of your hand.This movement not only prevailed in the convent, but also appeared in the French court.During the reign of King of France Louis X.，the court frequently played this for pastime.From 1358 to 1360，this ancient nobility entertainment spread from France into England.United Kingdom Emperer Edward Ⅲ showed great interest and ordered the construction of an indoor stadium in the palace.The racket was converted into sheep, the ball from the cloth into leather.Its size or its weight was not well documented.In 15th century the wear strings of the racket was invented；in 16th century the ancient indoor tennis has become the national sport in France.Later, the ancient indoor tennis has its own rules, and in Europe, particularly in the UK has been carried out better.
它的起源可以追溯到12-13世纪的法国，当时在传教士中流行着一种用手掌击球的游戏，方法是在空地上两人隔一条绳子，用手掌将布包着头发制成的球打来打去。这种运动不仅在修道院中盛行，而且也出现在法国宫廷。法国国王路易十世在位时，宫廷中就经常进行这种以消遣为目的的运动。1358—1360年，这种供贵族玩的古式网球从法国传入英国，英国爱德华三世对网球产生很大兴趣，下令在宫中修建一片室内球场。当时球拍的拍面改装成羊皮，球由布面改成皮面，球的大小、重量没有详细记载。15世纪发明了穿弦的球拍，16世纪古式室内网球成为法国的国球。之后，古式室内网球有了自己的规则，在欧洲，尤其是英国得到了较好的开展。
In 1887 held the United States Lawn Tennis Women's Singles Championships. Women's doubles and mixed doubles first was held in 1890 and 1892 respectively.
In 1891，France held its first men's singles and men's doubles tournament, participants are limited to French citizens. The women's singles was held since 1897.
In 1904，the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia was established and in 1905 host the Australian Championships including the men's singles, men's doubles. In 1922 the women's singles, women's doubles and mixed doubles was added.
March 1，1913，the International Tennis Federation（ITF）was established in Paris, by the representatives of the Tennis Association of Australia and other 11 countries, in charge of the coordination of international tennis, arrangements for the annual game schedule, amendments to the tennis rules and oversees its implementation.
1887年，开始举行美国草地网球女子单打锦标赛。女子双打和混合双打分别开始于1890年和1892年。
1891年，法国首次举行男子单打和男子双打锦标赛，参加者限于法国公民。女子单打始于1897年。
1904年，澳大利亚草地网球协会成立，并于1905年开始主办澳大利亚锦标赛，设男子单打、男子双打两个项目。1922年又增加了女子单打、女子双打和混合双打三项。
1913年3月1日，由澳大利亚等12个国家的网球协会代表在巴黎成立了国际网球联合会（ITF），协调国际网球活动，安排全年比赛日程表，修订网球规则并监督它的执行。
Held in Athens in 1896，the first modern Olympic Games tennis men's singles and doubles was anounced as an official event. Later, due to the differences on subject of amateur athletes between the IOC（International Olympic Committee）and the International Tennis Federation, Olympic Games tennis event which has been carried out for seven times was cancelled.Until the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, tennis was held again as a demonstration event.In the 1988 Seoul Olympics, tennis was reclassified as an official event.
1896年在雅典举行的现代第一届奥运会上，男子网球单打与双打被列为正式比赛项目。后来，由于国际奥委会和国际网球联合会在“业余运动员”问题上有分歧，已经进行了连续七届的奥运会网球比赛项目被取消。直到1984年的洛杉矶奥运会上，网球才被列为表演项目。到1988年的汉城奥运会上，网球重新被列为正式比赛项目。Rules of the Game比赛规则Venue比赛场地
Tennis singles site is 23. 77 meters（78 feet）long，8.23 meters（27 feet）wide.Both ends of the network should be attached to or across the two networks；net column should be a square column with its side length less than 15 meters（6 inches），or a cylinder of 0.15 meters（6 inches）in its diameter.The posts must not exceed 0.025 meters above the top of the net rope（1 inch）.The midpoint of each side of the net post should be from the site of 0.914 meters（3 feet）；the vertical distance of the net post to the top of the net of rope or wire rope from the ground, should be 1.07 meters（3 feet 6 inches）.
网球单打场地长为23.77米（78英尺），宽为8.23米（27英尺）。网的两端应附着或跨在两个网柱上，网柱应为边长不超过0.15米（6英寸）的正方形方柱或直径为0.15米（6英寸）的圆柱。网柱不能超过网绳顶端以上0.025米（1英寸）。每侧网柱的中点应距场地0.914米（3英尺），网柱的高度应使网绳或钢丝绳的顶端距地面垂直距离1.07米（3英尺6英寸）。
Stadium fixtures include the net, net post and singles pillar, rope or wire rope, center markers, the white network edge, the golf course around the backstop, bleachers, fixed or movable seats and its possessor；the equipment placed at the venue around, as well as the referees, associate referees, foot-fault referee, the secretary-line staff, picking-up players in their respective positions.
球场固定物包括球网、网柱、单打支柱、绳或钢丝绳、中心带、网边白布，还包括球场四周的挡网、看台，固定的或可移动的座椅；安置在场地周围上空的设备，以及在各自位置上的裁判员、助理裁判员、脚误裁判员、司线员、捡球员等。Competition Method比赛方法
The beginning score of each board is 0:0；the first point of the ball is denoted by 15，so if the service player wins the ball, the score becomes 15:0；the catcher wins the ball, the score is 0:15（scores of the service players is given in front of a colon）. Service players score 30，followed by 40（in history, these figures represent 1/4 hours, namely：15，30，45 which later changed to 40）. If the opponent scores, only 30 or have less than 30，then the next ball will be able to win this board.For every game, one should be at least better than the opponent more than two-point shots to end the council game.If both players have reached 40，known as the“deuce”.With the next points, the precedence of the players will try to be 2 points ahead to win the board.Opponents in hot pursuit efforts to tie the scores to deuce the precedence players.The one winning the next wins this board.
每局的开始比分是0:0，第一分球记为15，所以，若发球员赢了这分球，比分就变为15:0，若接球员赢了这分球，比分就为0:15（比号前面给出的是发球员的分数）。球员的第二分球为30，接下来为40（在历史上，这些数字代表1/4小时，即15、30、45，但45后来改为了40）。若对方球员只有30或还少于30的话，那么在有40的情况下，再赢下一个球就能赢了这一局，因为每局比赛中，至少要比对手多2分球才能结束该局比赛。如果双方球员都达到了40，此时称为“局末平分”。随着接下来的这一分，占先的球员必须领先2分，才能赢得这一局。同时，紧追不舍的对手也会努力扳平分数来达到“局末平分”，占先的球员赢了下一分，也就赢了这一局。
If the opponent is backward at least two innings, then the first player to win six innings is to win one game. However, if the disk is 6:5，then both sides will play one more.If preemption is won, the disk score is 7:5，sentenced precedence is to win this disk.However, if another player catches up to 6:6，then who will be the winner is decided by the deciding game（tiebreak）.
如果对手落后至少两局，那么先赢得6局的球员就赢了一盘。但是，若是6:5，那么双方就要再打一局。若占先者赢了，即该盘比分为7:5，判占先者赢得此盘。然而，若另一个球员把这盘扳平为6:6，那就由决胜局（抢七局）决定谁为胜者。
In the three sets match, the first to win two sets is the winner, that is, best of the three；For five sets match, the first to win 3 sets is the winner, that is, best of the five.
在3盘赛中，是先赢得2盘者为胜者，即为3盘2胜；在5盘赛中，是先赢得3盘者为胜者，即为5盘3胜。
Deciding game（tiebreak）：the player to serve in the deciding game starts the first point shot, the opponent then makes the second and third point shot, and then the two sides in turn makes two point shot. The one at least leading the other side 2 points, then he would win the game.When comes to the 6 points for every ball and deciding game should exchange site, but there are exceptions：if competition is to take advantage set in accordance with the prior agreement, there is no tiebreaker；one has to win more than the other two games in order to win the set.
决胜局（抢七局）：在决胜局中，要本该轮到发球的球员先发第一分球，对手接着发第2、第3分球，然后双方轮流发2分球。先得7分的球员若至少领先了对方2分，那么他就赢了该盘比赛。每6分球和决胜局结束都要交换场地。不过也有例外，如果按照事先的约定，比赛采取长盘制，则没有决胜局，只有比对方多胜两局才能赢得该盘比赛。
After the end of each odd-number score, both players can have a short break, and then switch sides to continue the game.
在每一盘的奇数局结束后，双方运动员可以进行短暂的休息，然后交换场地继续进行比赛。Violation违例
Before the ball strokes twice, unable to fight back over the net.
在球第二次着地前，未能还击过网。
In fight back, the ball touches the boundaries of the ground, fixtures or other objects outside the opponent's court.
还击的球触及对方场区界线以外的地面、固定物或其他物件。
Volley fault.
空中截击失误。
Intentionally touch the ball more than once with the racket.
故意用球拍触球超过一次。
Athlete's body, or racket touches the net during the serve.
运动员的身体、球拍在发球期间触及球网。
Hit the ball over the net.
过网击球。
Throw racket and hit the ball.
抛拍击球。Glossary of Terms术语词汇Venue＆Equipment场地及装备篇
alley 单打与双打之间的场区
base line 底线
center mark 中点
clay courts 红土球场
court 网球场
grass court 草地球场
net-post 网柱
over-grips 护柄带
racket 网球拍
service court 发球区
service line 发球线
sideline 边线
single court 单打场区
skirt 网球裙
strings 球拍线
tennis stringer 穿弦机
vibration dampening device 避震器Staffs人员篇
amateur 业余运动员，爱好者
associate referee 辅助教练
ball boy 球童
chair-umpire 主裁判
enthusiast, fan 迷，爱好者
guide 领队
instructor 教练，技术指导
linesman 司线员
manager 经纪人
partner 伙伴
professional 职业运动员
referee 裁判
team 队Technical Terms技术篇
ace 发球直接得分（没有碰到接发球一方的球拍）
advantage 占先
advantage receiver 接发球占先
advantage server 发球占先
alternate service 换发球
attack 进攻
attacking return 攻击性回击球
back-hand 反手击球
back-hand drop shot 反手吊球
back-hand half-volley 反手半截击
back-hand volley 反手截击
ball change 换球
ball control 控制球
ball falls on line 压线球
ball sense 球感
baseline player 底线型球员
blocked return 截击
body touch 触网
bodyline ball 追身球
break point 破发点
center service line 中线
change service 换发球
change sides 换边
chip shot 削球
closed stance 关闭式站位
consistency 一致性
continental grip 大陆式握拍
cross-court shot 斜线球
depth shot 深球
deuce 平分（终局前的比分相同）
double bounces 两跳
double fault 双误
double hit 双击
doubles 双打
double-handed backhand 双反击球
down the line shot 直线球
down-the-line shot 压线球
driven return 抽球
drop shot 短球
faults 失误
fifteen 15分
fifteen all 15平
finish 随挥
first service 第一发球
flat 平击球
foot fault 脚误
footwork 步法
forehand 正手
forehand half-volley 正手半截击球
forehand volley 正手截击球
forty 40分
foul shot 技术犯规
good ball 好球
good return 有效回击
grab-punch position 截击位置
grip 手柄/握拍姿势
ground stroke 反弹球/击落地球
interference 干扰
just out 刚好出界
lob 高吊球
low volley 低截击球
mental skills 心理技巧
mixed doubles 混合双打
net 发球下网（也指球网）
net player 上网型球员
nip rotation 转体
no-man's-land 空当
one-hander backhand 单手反拍
open stance 开放式站位
out 出界
overhead 高球
overhand service 上手发球
passing shot 穿越
percentage play 沉着应战
placement 落点
place-up 抛球
point-up 击球点
progressive playing 积极调整
receiver 接发球员
receiving formation 接发球的位置
return 回击球
rules 规则
second service 第二发球
service 发球
service return 回发球
shots 球路
sidespin 侧旋球
singles 单打
smash 高压球
spin 旋转球
stamina 耐力
stance 站姿
stretching exercises 伸展运动
surprise return 突然变线
sweet spot 最有效点，最有效位置
swing 挥拍
tactics 战术
thirty 30分
through the net 过网球
throwing position 准备击球姿势
topspin 上旋球
turn 转身
under spin 下旋球
volley 截击
warming-up 热身运动
western grip 西方式握拍Competition比赛篇
advantage set 长盘制
be quiet 安静
bye 轮空
challenger 挑战赛
champion 冠军
championship 锦标赛
correction 更正
default 弃权
elimination system 淘汰制
exhibition 表演赛
favorite 可望取胜者
final 决赛
friendly match 友谊赛
futures 希望赛
game 局
game point 局点
international ranking 国际排名
invasion 意外干扰
invitational match 邀请赛
junior match 青少年赛
knock-out 淘汰赛
let 擦网重发
love game 直落四分
main draw players 正选选手
make the draw 抽签
match point 赛点
national ranking 国内排名
Olympic Games 奥运会
open 公开赛
outsider 无取胜希望者
play ball 比赛开始
player 参赛者
point 分
point penalty 罚分
postpone 延期
qualifying competition 资格赛
qualifying matches 预赛
quarterfinals 四分之一决赛
ranking 名次
record 纪录
record holder 纪录创造者
replay 重赛
rest period 休息时间
retired（RET）比赛中弃权
roundrobin（system）循环赛制
satellite 卫星赛
score 得分
seeded players 种子选手
semifinals 半决赛
set 盘
set point 盘点
suspension 暂停
the best of five 五盘三胜
the best of three 三盘两胜
the first round 第一轮
tiebreak/tiebreaker 平局决胜制，抢七局
time 开始
toss 挑边
tournament systems 赛制
two-hander backhand 双反
veterans'match 元老赛
warm-up 准备练习
warning 警告
wild card（WC）外卡
withdraw 比赛开始前弃权Organization组织机构
Association of Tennis Professional（ATP）国际男子职业网球协会
Australia Open Championships 澳大利亚网球公开赛（澳网）
Championship 锦标赛
Davis Cup 戴维斯杯网球赛
Federation Cup 联合会杯网球赛
French Open Championships 法国网球公开赛（法网）
Grand Slam 大满贯
Hopmen Cup 霍普曼杯网球赛
International Tennis Federation（ITF）国际网球联合会
U. S.Open Championships 美国网球公开赛（美网）
Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Championships 温布尔登公开赛（温网）
Women's Tennis Association（WTA）国际女子职业网球协会Conversation 1情景对话1
Augus：Yesterday I just watched a Serena Williames's game. She is so great.I wonder if she could play doubles with any male player in London, who would you choose for her?
安格斯：昨天我才看了一场塞雷娜·威廉姆斯的比赛，她实在太棒了。如果为她选一个双打的男搭档，你会选谁？
Blair：I think I will pick Bob Bryan.
布莱尔：我想我会选鲍勃·布莱恩。
Augus：Why?
安格斯：为什么？
Blair：First of all, he is one of the greatest double tennis players in U. S.A..He's got a big serve, good returns too.
布莱尔：首先鲍勃·布莱恩是美国最出色的男子双打网球选手之一，他的发球、回球都非常好。
Augus：And I think more important, he is a very complete player, good skill, and can stay calm on any occasion.
安格斯：更重要的是，我认为他是个非常全面的选手，技术出众，头脑冷静。
Blair：That's what the game of tennis requires the most. I think if Serena Williames had the option to play with a male player, she would choose Bob Bryan too.
布莱尔：这正是网球选手所需要的。我想她也会选鲍勃·布莱恩。
Augus：Do you know David?How did he feel after winning the first set in the tiebreaker?
安格斯：你知道大卫吗？他在决胜局赢了第一盘后有何感想？
Blair：I think he was feeling good. He was 3:1 and then made a couple of unforced errors and things started rolling the other way, and I think at the end he just got a bit tired and he wasn't as patient as he was at the beginning of the match.
布莱尔：我想他会感觉很好。但他3:1领先时却出现了非受迫性失误，这时局势就开始变了。也许最后他有些累了，不像开局时那么冷静。
Augus：Was he doing anything in particular?
安格斯：是不是他采取了什么特殊的策略？
Blair：He just didn't make any mistakes. He was just bringing the ball back and moving himself around.
布莱尔：没有，他只是没有出差错而已，而且只是把球打回去，并让他自己不断跑动。Conversation 2情景对话2
Ken：It's hard for me to understand the service of tennis. Could you explain it to me?
肯：网球的发球我看不懂，你能给我解释一下吗？
Bob：Yes, of course. The server stands behind his own baseline, to one side of the center mark, and then hits the ball over the net into whichever service court is diagonally opposite.
鲍勃：当然可以。发球者站在自己场地底线中间标志一边的后面，把球击到球网对面同自己所处位置成对角线的那个发球区。
Ken：Then how about that for the first point of the game?
肯：那么，每场比赛的第一球应该站在哪边发球？
Bob：For the first point of each game, he stands to the center mark to serve. For the second, to the left, for the third back to the right, and so on alternately.
鲍勃：对于每场比赛的第一分球，发球者站在中间标志的右边发球，第二分球则在左边，第三分球又回到右边，如此交替进行。
Ken：When I watch a tennis match on TV, I often hear“let”，and I wonder what a“let”is.
肯：我在电视上看网球赛时常听到“let”，我不懂它指的是什么。
Bob：If the service ball touches the net, but still goes into the correct service court, it is called a“let”. This means that the service is taken again.
鲍勃：发球时，球如果擦网，但还是落在正确的发球区内，这样的球就叫“let”，它的意思是该发球不算，重新发球。
Ken：What will happen if it was the first attempt?
肯：如果擦网球是第一次发球时出现的，那么该选手还有几次发球的机会？
Bob：If it was the first attempt, the server still has two attempts to make a good service.
鲍勃：如果第一次发球时出现擦网，那么该发球队员仍有两次发球机会。
Ken：And the scoring system in tennis is confusing.
肯：网球的记分方法很难懂。
Bob：Yes, but in fact it is quite simple.
鲍勃：对，但实际上还是比较简单的。
Ken：However, I don't know about it.
肯：我仍不明白记分情况。
Bob：Don't worry. Let me make it clear for you.In each game, a player begins with no score, called“love”.The first point he wins in the game gives him a total score of 15.The second brings the total to 30，the third to 40.After this, the next point wins him the game unless his opponent also reaches 40，in which case, one of them has to get a two-point lead to win.
鲍勃：别急，我来向你讲清楚。每盘比赛开始时双方队员都没有分，这在英文中被称作“love”，运动员得的第一分使他的总分为15，第二分使总分为30，第三分使总得分为40，第四分时，如果对手没有得到40分，那么该运动员就赢得了这局比赛；如果双方打到40平，那么任何先得两分的一方获胜。
Ken：Thank you for your explanation.
肯：谢谢你的解释。
Bob：Please don't stand on ceremony.
鲍勃：别客气。The Influence of the Sports Star巨星影响Li Na, the Dream Come True李娜，梦想成真
When Li Na finally rolled back over onto her side and picked herself up off the clay, the back of her white tennis shirt caked with the damp, red, top-dressing of this, the most famous clay court in the world, she ran to the net, leaving behind the racket that had served her so well this fortnight. She shook hands with the woman she had just defeated for the French Open championships, Francesca Schiavone.
The only thing missing from their damp, clay-stained palms at that moment was a baton. In this game, you're not supposed to win your first major at the age of 29.But that's just what Schiavone did last year, enchanting all who witnessed her improbable but artful and ultimately convincing drive to the victory podium.The only thing less likely this year than a successful defense by Schiavone was the prospect of someone duplicating her feat, and that's just what Li did.
Schiavone lost her French Open crown today, but the miracle-it's an overly dramatic noun, but I can't think of a better one-was passed on, and it lives on, under the stewardship of Li. Miracles are a little like snowflakes, no two are alike.And if Schiavone's triumph here last year was a tale in which the largest role was played by inspiration, Li's win at Roland Garros was one in which the dominant theme was perseverance.
“Today is the dream come true，”Li said shortly after the trophy presentation following her 6:4，7:6（0）win.“Like I was a young player, I want to be the Grand Slam Champion. But today……Someone saying I'm getting old.So, you know, the old woman like the dream come true.Not easy.”
The most difficult part for Li today, tennis-wise, occurred midway through the second set, after she set herself up beautifully to complete a crisp, air-tight destruction of the defending champion's hopes. Li broke Schiavone to start the second set and managed to hold onto that advantage until she served at 4:3.At that point, Li could just about smell the victory, which is often when a player is most vulnerable to panic.She buckled there, playing a wretched game；you could see that she even had trouble taking a free, natural swing at the ball.
Four consecutive, egregious errors by Li produced the break for Schiavone, who was back on even ground. But Li would not collapse, even though she was still slightly haunted by the way she lost her focus in the Australian Open final a few months ago-a letdown that resulted in a loss to Kim Clijsters.The break also gave Schiavone a rush of adrenaline, and she held the next game easily.But Li did a terrific job holding her next two service games, when a break in either would have given Schiavone the set.Once Li reached the safe haven of the tie-breaker, she was unstoppable, reeling off seven straight points to seal victory.
“I mean, in Melbourne I was the first time in the final，”Li said later.“Of course you didn't have any experience before. You come one time final already, and you know what to do in this time.”Switching back to that moment of crisis today, she explained，“And for tennis, like 4:3 for the serve means nothing, because the chair umpire didn't say, Game, set, match.So both players still have chance.Of course I was nervous.I mean, come to the final and so many people watching you.I mean, yeah.But is good.Finally I can win the match.”
Over time, Li has lost faith in the magic bullet, or the one-size-fits-all, rigid approach to development that was the order of the day in her youth. She now says，“In tennis every player is different, but not everyone can have the chance to a team around with you.First you have in prize money you have to pay for your team.If not you, I mean, just pay for your coach you couldn't get any money for your pocket, right?So this year I think I can play good tennis.But it's not the only way for the children（who hope to play）.Oh, I should copy for her.I mean, no one can copy for another one, so you have to find which is the best way for yourself.”
Loss of interest and motivation were one obstacle, learning how to surround herself with the best team was a challenge. Overcoming the trials of injury also called for perseverance.“When I first had knee operation, I say，‘Okay, one more and I retire.'After second knee operation, I say，‘Okay, one more and I retire.'After third knee operation I say same thing……”Li laughed.“So now I say, Okay, after fourth operation I retire.”
Li has lived a rich, complex, demanding life in tennis. With the win today she completed her journey from novelty to Grand Slam champion, and she took that final, excruciatingly difficult step with style and grace.After she made those four awful errors to give back the break to Schiavone in the second set, Li knew she needed to keep her composure.She said，“She was like 5:4 up, I was like try to never give up.You need to take your chance.You never know if you can come back if you lose the chance for final.”
It's one thing that the game's newest Grand Slam champion no longer has to worry about.
当中国的李娜滑倒在红土上又再次站起的时候，她白色的衣服后面沾满了微湿的红土——世界上最出名的球场的土壤。她小跑向网前，把拍子留在背后。她和她刚刚击败的卫冕冠军斯齐亚沃尼握手致意。
她们两人沾满红土的手中缺的也许就是一个接力棒。在网球这项运动中，29岁赢下处女大满贯并不是件合乎情理的事情，但是去年斯齐亚沃尼做到了，她迷倒了所有在场见证的人们。唯一不大可能的事情就是继去年斯齐亚沃尼成功赢得大满贯后今年再有人重复她的辉煌，而这个不可能正是李娜刚刚做到的。
斯齐亚沃尼丢掉了法网的桂冠，但是另一个奇迹在李娜这里诞生了，对不起，我实在想不出比“奇迹”更好的词了，也许听起来有些过于戏剧化。奇迹就像是雪花，没有两片是相同的。如果去年斯齐亚沃尼夺冠的成功故事的主角是鼓舞，那么李娜的罗兰·加洛斯奇迹的主题是坚持。
李娜在以6:4、7:6（0）的比分赢得比赛后说：“今天是梦想成真的一天，当我是个小队员的时候就梦想过大满贯，但是今天……就如同有些人说的，我在变老。但是你知道，老姑娘也有梦想成真的一天。太不容易了。”
李娜最艰难的时刻在第二盘，从网球比赛角度来讲。她华丽地确立了自己的优势，看似要击破对手的卫冕之梦。李娜开盘就破发来到了4:3领先。在这个时候李娜似乎也嗅到了胜利的味道，这通常是一个球员在压力面前最容易自乱阵脚的时候。她的确在这里受阻了，她丢掉了发球局，显然她甚至挥拍的动作都不那么流畅自然。
四个致命的失误让斯齐亚沃尼破了这个关键的发球局。但是李娜没有崩盘，尽管她似乎还有些受制于数月前在澳网第二盘后段崩盘的阴影，那次她输给了吉姆·克里斯特尔斯。这个破发给了斯齐亚沃尼无比的鼓舞，她接下来轻松保发。但是李娜很了不起地保住了自己下面两个发球局。无论丢掉哪一个都会让出第二盘的胜利。当李娜成功地将比赛拖入抢七的时候，她变得不可阻拦，席卷了下面的七分，取得了胜利。
李娜后来解释道：“墨尔本是我的第一次决赛，我没有任何经验，这次我准备好了，我知道自己该怎么做。”在谈到比赛中第二盘的危机时，李娜说：“尽管4:3领先，自己发球，这也不意味着什么，直到主裁说比赛结束之前，任何人都有机会。当然那时候我有点紧张，当来到万众瞩目的决赛时或许谁都有点紧张。我觉得我能够赢下比赛真好。”
长期以来，李娜在机械化的发展模式中丢失了她对突破梦想的信念。她今天说：“在网球中，每个个体都不同，没有一个团队适合任何人，你要付给团队工资，如果奖金仅仅够支付他们工资，显然自己就没有收入，所以这就逼迫自己要打好。但这对于年轻人不是唯一的途径，他们不必完全照搬别人的经历，所以你要找到最适合你的方式。”
失去兴趣和动力是其中的障碍之一，学会如何找到最好的团队是另外一个挑战。克服伤病是需要坚持的，“当我第一次做膝盖手术的时候，我就说再做一次手术我就退役；当第二次的时候，我就说再一次；直到第三次，我依旧跟自己说同样的话。”李娜笑着，“好吧，我做第四次手术的时候就退役。”
李娜至今过着一个丰富精彩的网球生活，从开始的职业起步到成就大满贯冠军，李娜终于攀上了最后的这一个最难的台阶，她保持着她的优雅。在犯下四个失误给斯齐亚沃尼留下机会的时候，李娜知道自己需要保持镇静，她说：“5:4对手领先的时候，我让自己不去放弃，我需要抓住自己的机会，如果被拖到了决胜盘，你永远不知道能不能再回来。”
也许这个最新的大满贯冠军不用再去担心决胜盘的事情了……
Chapter 2 Basketball 第二章 篮球
Origins and Reasons for Popularity项目起源及流行探因The world's greatest sport ever. But of course, it hasn't been around since the world began.No, somebody had to have invented it.And that somebody would be James Naismith.
篮球被誉为世界上最伟大的运动之一。当然，它并非无中生有，有人发明了它，这人就是詹姆斯·奈史密斯。
Born in Almont, Ontario, Canada, this Canadian gym teacher and physician would soon be the founder of basketball. It all started in December of 1891.Naismith was teaching in Springfield, Massachusetts and was asked by Luther H.Gluck, the headmaster of the school for Christian Works to make a new sport.The main idea of the sport was mainly to be played inside when it was too cold to go outside.The new sport also had to keep athletes in their top conditions between the baseball and football season.
这位加拿大籍的体育教师兼医生出生于加拿大安大略省阿尔蒙特，他很快就成为了篮球的发明人。1891年，詹姆斯·奈史密斯在马塞诸塞州当体育老师的时候，校长路德·格鲁克让他为基督教想出一种运动，这种运动一定要在室内进行，运动员在比赛时还要有棒球和足球比赛时的激情。
Naismith began to work. The first baskets were peach baskets that Naismith cleverly thought of hanging on the wall.From there, the legacy of basketball began.The first game-ball was a soccer ball.Originally, there was 9 men to each team, but the objective was still the same：to pass the ball to other players on your team and put the ball in the opposing team's net, or basket back then.From there, basketball caught on like a wildfire.
经过思考，他想出了一个办法：在墙上挂网子，然后把球扔向这个用网子做的篮子里，篮球运动由此而生。第一次比赛采用的是一个足球。第一个篮框是由桃木做成，篮球的历史也由此开始。最初的时候，参加篮球比赛的每个队伍各有9名队员，比赛目的同样也是球员把球传给本队队员，然后将球投向对方的篮框里。从那之后，篮球运动就开始如火如荼地流行开来。
During 1885，high schools and colleges began to adopt the game, and by 1898，the first Pro. League was founded.After the first game played, Naismith drafted 13 rules and regulations, but many more were yet to come.The hoops we know today were invented in 1906.They were steel, with a net hanging from its rim.
1885年，高中和大学都开始开展篮球运动。直到1898年，篮球联盟正式成立。第一次比赛后，奈史密斯起草了13条规则和法规，但更多的游戏规则还在后头。我们所熟知的今天的篮球规则，是在1906年正式出现的。篮球框采用钢铁制成，并在边缘挂上网绳。
In 1896，American Bob Gaily introduced basketball to China, basketball matches first carried out in YMCA of Tianjin, Beijing and other cities. In 1910 of old China and the first National Games, basketball for the first time was listed as a demonstration event.In 1913，basketball was listed as China's official event.Basketball since 1951 has been an official event of the Asian Games.
1896年，美国人鲍勃·盖利将篮球传入中国，篮球比赛首先在天津、北京等城市基督教青年会中开展起来。在1910年旧中国首届全国运动会上，篮球首次被列为表演项目。1913年，篮球被列为我国国内正式比赛项目。篮球自1951年起一直是亚运会的正式比赛项目。
In 1932，International Amateur Basketball Federation was established, and men's basketball by the International Olympic Committee（IOC）recognized as an official Olympic sport. In 1946，the U.S.Professional Basketball League was started, and developed into the current NBA.
1932年国际业余篮球联合会成立，男子篮球被国际奥委会承认为奥运会正式比赛项目。1946年，美国出现职业篮球联赛，并发展为目前的NBA。
Women's basketball unfolded in the early 20th century. In 1976，women's basketball was listed as an official Olympic sport.
女子篮球运动到20世纪初才开展起来。1976年，女子篮球被列为奥运会正式比赛项目。Rules of the Game比赛规则Venue场地
Basketball venue should be a rectangular solid plane, and no obstructions. Olympic basketball game and the World Basketball Championship venues are of length of 28 meters，15 meters wide；the length of the other games can be reduced to 4 meters；width is reduced by 2 meters, requiring changes in proportion with each other.
篮球比赛场地应是一个长方形的坚实平面，无障碍物。奥运会篮球比赛和世界篮球锦标赛的比赛场地长度为28米，宽15米，其他比赛长度可减少4米，宽度减少2米，要求其变动互相成比例。
The stadium measure from within the boundaries along the amount of starting. All new stadium should be in line with FIBA：28 meters long，15 meters wide.The height of the ceiling or the lowest obstruction shall be at least 7 meters and the long line of boundary is the sideline while the short one base line.Each line on the pitch must be very clear, and the line width is 0.05 meters（5 centimeters）.Center line is a parallel line from the center of side line.
It should be extended by 0. 15 meters（15 centimeters）from both sides of edge.Center circle should be centred from the middle-point of centre line within radius of 1.80 meters（from the outer edge of its circumference）.Three point shot area is the area limited by two arch lines, shooting within this area get three points.The penalty area is a restricted zone with the midpoint of the free-throw line as the center and 1.80 meters radius semicircle drawn to the restricted zone area, it is a penalty area.
球场的丈量从界线的内沿量起。所有新建球场均应符合国际篮联要求：长28米，宽15米。天花板或最低障碍物的高度至少应为7米。长边的界线称边线，短边的界线称端线。球场上各线都必须十分清晰，线宽均为0.05米（5厘米）。从边线的中点画一平行端线的横线称中线。中线应向两侧边线外各延长0.15米（15厘米）。以中线的中点为圆心，以1.80米为半径（半径从圆周的外沿量起），画一个圆圈称中圈。三分投篮区是由场上两条拱形限制出的地面区域，在此区域外投篮得三分。罚球区是限制区加上以罚球线中点为圆心、以1.80米为半径向限制区外所画的半圆区域，它是执行罚球的区域。
A restricted area refers to the parts between the two end lines of penalty area, which is 3 meters away from base lines respectively. When the ball is under the control of the team, team member's stay in the restricted area shall not exceed 3 seconds.
从罚球线两端画两条线至距离端线中点各3米的地方（均从外沿量起）所构成的地面区域叫限制区。它的作用是：球在本队控制时，限制本队队员在对方限制区内停留的时间不得超过3秒钟。Competition Method比赛方法
A team consists of five people, one as captain and up to seven alternate players. Organizers has the deciding voice to increase the number.The competition is divided into four sessions，10 minutes for each, the NBA for 12 minutes（NBA All-Star Rookie Game and the U.S.College Basketball League for 20 minutes per session，2 sessions in all）；5-minute break between sessions, for NBA 130 seconds；intermission of 10 minutes，15 minutes in the NBA；and 100 seconds rest between the fourth session and any extra time in the NBA.
一队五人，其中一人为队长，候补球员最多七人，但可依主办单位而增加人数。比赛分四节，每节各10分钟，NBA为12分钟（NBA全明星新秀赛和美国大学生篮球联赛为每节20分钟，共2节）；每节之间休息5分钟，NBA为130秒；中场休息10 分钟，NBA为15分钟。另在NBA中在第4节和任何加时赛之间休息100秒。
Once there is a draw, there will be a five-minute extra time. And another five-minute extra and another again until it comes out the final score.
比赛结束两队积分相同时，则举行加时赛 5 分钟，若 5 分钟后比分仍相同，则再次进行 5 分钟加时赛，直至比出胜负为止。
The shot counts only after the referee's recognition. Shot inside three-point line only counts for 2 points, outside 3 points.Penalty shot counts 1 point and should outside the free-throw line and within five seconds after took the ball from the referee.Players should not step over the free-throw line after shot or before the ball touches the basket.
球投进篮框经裁判认可后，便算得分。3分线内侧投入可得2分；3分线外侧投入可得3分，罚球投进得1分。罚球要站在罚球线后，从裁判手中接过球后5秒内要投篮。在投篮后，球触到篮框前均不能踩越罚球线。Violation违例
Violation includes：① violation；such as travelling, double dribbling（dual band），playing foot（football）or boxing ball.② jump ball violation；anyone but the jump-shot player can enter the jump-ball area befere he touches the ball.
大致可分为：①普通违例：如带球走步、两次运球（双带）、脚踢球（脚球）或以拳击球；②跳球违例：除了跳球球员以外的人不可在跳球者触到球之前进入中央跳球区。Glossary of Terms术语词汇Venue＆Equipment场地及装备篇
backboard 篮板
backcourt 后场
court 球场
free-throw lane 罚球圈，禁区
free-throw line 罚球线
frontcourt 前场
game clock 比赛用时钟
hoop/rim basket 篮框，篮圈
net 篮网
painted area 罚球圈，禁区
rebound 篮板
restricted area near the basket 禁区内篮框下的小圆圈区域
scoring table 记分牌
shot clock 时限钟（进攻方在24秒内必须投篮，并且球必须触及篮框，否则即违例）
three-point line 三分（球）线
top of the circle 靠近禁区顶端之三分（球）线附近
wing（左、右两边）底线区域Staffs人员篇
assistant coach 助理教练
backup 后备球员
bench 板凳球员（指全体）
bench player 板凳球员（指个人）
center 中锋
coach 教练
forward 前锋
frontline 锋线（包括大前锋、小前锋、中锋）
GM（general manager）球队经理
guard 后卫
mascot 吉祥物
MVP 最有价值球员
point guard 控球后卫，组织后卫
power forward 大前锋（又称4号位置球员）
referee 裁判
rookie 第一年级球员，菜鸟（球员）
shooting guard 得分后卫
sixth man 第六人（第一替补）
small forward 小前锋（又称3号位置球员）
sophomore 二年级球员
starter 先发球员（指个人）
starting lineup 先发球员（指全体）
swingman 摇摆人（指兼能担任得分后卫及小前锋的球员）
trainer 球队训练员
two-guard 得分后卫
veteran 资深球员，老鸟（球员）Technics＆Rules技术及规则篇（shoot）an air ball（投）三不沾（slam）dunk（强力）灌篮（throw a）baseball pass（快攻时）长传
3-point FGs 三分球命中率
assists 助攻
backdoor cut 底线进攻
bank shot 擦板球
baseball-type 大力传球
behind-the-back/behind-the-back dribble 背后运球
between-the-leg 胯下运球
block out 卡位
blocking foul 阻挡犯规
blocking 盖帽（火锅）
bounce 反弹传球
buzzer（比赛用的）蜂鸣器（表示时间终了、换人等）
charging/charging foul（带球）撞人（犯规）
crossover 双手交替运球
cross-leg dribble 胯下运球
cut 切入
dead ball 死球（停止比赛进行时段）
def. Rebounds 守方篮板
defense 守方
defensive basket interference 防守方干扰投篮得分
delay of game 阻碍比赛之正常进行
disqualification 被取消资格
double dribble 两次运球（违例）
double team 双人包夹
dribbling/dribble 运球
driving to the hoop 带球上篮
eat up the clock 运球耗时战术
ejection 驱逐出场
elbowing 肘击
expiration（of game, or of the first half……）（全场比赛或上半场的比赛）时间终了
fall-away shot 后仰式跳投
fast break 快攻
field goals（FGs）投篮命中率
final 总决赛
first（second, third, fourth）period 比赛的第一（第二，第三，第四）节
first half 上半场
first round 首轮比赛
flagrant foul 恶性犯规
foul 犯规
foul out 犯满离场
foul shot 罚球
foul strategy 犯规战术
foul trouble 快要犯满离场
four-point play 打四分成功
full timeout 全时（100秒的）暂停
GB（games behind）落后战绩最领先球队的胜场场数
give and go 传切战术
goaltending 干扰投篮得分
guest team 客队
hacking 打手犯规
halftime 中场休息时间
hand-checking 阻挡犯规
held ball 持球（双方均持球不放）
holding 拉手犯规/阻挡犯规
home court 主场
home court advantage 主场优势
home game 主场比赛
home team 主队
hook shot 勾手投篮
illegal defense 防守违例
illegal offense 进攻违例
jump ball 争球，跳球
jump shot 跳投
layup 带球上篮
loose ball foul 无球犯规
losing streak 连败场数，连败纪录
make the basket 投篮得分
men-to-men defense/one-one-one defense 人盯人
mid-court 中场
monster dunk 灌篮
nothing but the net 空心入篮
off. Rebounds 攻方篮板
offense 攻方
offensive basket interference 干扰投篮得分
out of bound 球出界线
overhead 过顶传球
overtime（OT）加时赛
pass 传球
perimeter shot 外线投篮
pick and roll 挡拆战术
playoff/post season 季后赛
points in paint 内线得分
post-up play 单吃对方
pushing 推人犯规
regular season 常规赛
reverse dunk 反身扣篮
road game 客场比赛
schedule 赛程
score a basket 投篮得分
screens 卡位
second half 下半场
semifinal 半决赛
set shot 立定投篮
shot clock violation 超时犯规
spin 转身运球
standings 战绩（表）
substitute 换人（上场、下场）
suspension 停止出赛
tap in 托球入篮
technical offence（fouls）技术犯规
ten-second violation 进攻方10秒违例（未过中场）
three-point play 打三分
three-point shot 三分球
three-second violation（篮下）3秒违例
throw in 发球入场
time-out 暂停
triple team 三人包夹
turnovers 失误
twenty-second timeout 20秒暂停
walking（带球）走步
winning streak 连胜场数，连胜纪录
zone defense 区域防守，区域联防List of NBA TeamNBA 球队一览表
Atlanta Hawks 亚特兰大老鹰队
Atlantic Division 大西洋区
Boston Celtics 波士顿凯尔特人队
Central Division 中央区
Charlotte Hornets 夏洛特黄蜂队
Chicago Bulls 芝加哥公牛队
Cleveland Cavaliers 克里夫兰骑士队
Dallas Mavericks 达拉斯小牛队
Denver Nuggets 丹佛掘金队
Detroit Pistons 底特律活塞队
Eastern Conference 东区
Golden State Warriors 金州勇士队
Houston Rockets 休斯敦火箭队
Indiana Pacers 印地安纳步行者队
LA Lakers 洛杉矶湖人队
Miami Heat 迈阿密热队
Midwest Division 中西部区
Milwaukee Bucks 密尔沃基雄鹿队
Minnesota Timberwolves 明尼苏达森林狼队
New Jersey Nets 新泽西网队
New York Knickerbockers（简称Knicks）纽约尼克斯队
Orlando Magic 奥兰多魔术队
Pacific Division 大西洋区
Philadelphia 76ers 费城76人队
Phoenix Suns 菲尼克斯太阳队
Portland Trail Blazers（简称Blazers）波特兰开拓者队
Sacramento Kings 萨克拉门托国王队
San Antonio Spurs 圣安东尼奥马刺队
Seattle Super Sonics（简称Sonics）西雅图超音速队
Utah Jazz 犹他爵士队
Vancouver Grizzlies 孟菲斯灰熊队
Washington Wizards 华盛顿奇才队
Western Conference 西区NBA All Kinds of Statistical TermsNBA 各种统计术语
block shot 盖帽
defensive rebound 防守篮板球
field goal percentage 投球命中率
free throw percentage 罚球命中率
offensive rebound 进攻篮板球
rebound 篮板球
scoring 得分
steal 抢断
three-point shot percentage 三分球命中率Acronyms术语缩写
3P%三分球命中率
3PM 三分球成功数
3PM-A 三分球投中
APG 单场平均助攻次数
AST 助攻次数
AVG 单场平均得分
BLK 封盖次数
FG 投篮成功次数
FG%投篮命中率，不包括罚球
FGM-A 投中次数
FT 罚篮成功数
FT%罚球命中率Conversation 1情景对话1
Jack：NBA games have lost its relish in recent years, if only Michael Jordan had not retired！
杰克：如今的NBA比赛真没什么看头，要是乔丹还在役的话多好呀！
Peter：I don't agree with you. As I see it, Kobe has carried on the value of the Jordan.
皮特：我不同意你的看法。就我看，科比已经继承了乔丹的衣钵。
Jack：So you like Kobe?They should not be mentioned in the same breath！
杰克：看来你喜欢科比？他们可不能相提并论呀！
Peter：Different views.
皮特：各有各的看法吧。Conversation 2情景对话2
Benjamin：Nathan, did you watch the basketball game between the Rockets and the Bulls?
本杰明：内森，你看火箭队和公牛队的篮球比赛了吗？
Nathan：Certainly. What a terrific game it was！
内森：看了。多棒的比赛啊！
Benjamin：Can you tell me the result?Which team won?
本杰明：能告诉我比赛结果吗？哪支队赢了？
Nathan：You didn't watch it?
内森：你没看吗？
Benjamin：I was working overtime last night. So I missed the game.
本杰明：我昨天晚上加班.所以错过比赛了。
Nathan：That's a pity. The Bulls beat the Rocket by 8 points.
内森：真可惜，公牛队以8分之差击败了火箭队。
Benjamin：How was Thomas's play?
本杰明：托马斯表现得怎么样？
Nathan：Thomas had 16 points and seven rebounds.
内森：托马斯得到了16分和7个篮板。
Benjamin：That sounds not bad.
本杰明：还不错呢。The Influence of the Sports Star巨星影响Yao's Contribution姚明的贡献
Now looked back as early as December 16，2010，the moment again when Yao Ming was injured in the last comeback game, and the left big toe fractures was announced, his performances on the basketball court has ended. Today, eight months later, when retirement—this reality—has finally been put aside the veil, everything is very calm, not to say flustered.Yao in recent years frequently injured in the process, our subconscious has long been filled with a message that the era of Yao is rapidly running up to the end.The irrefutable fact is that everyone will grow old, like the youth forever like the thief on the roof, once it be found, youth disappears as faster as the speed of anything free fall to the ground.
Not to mention the killing left toe, which has been an Achilles'heel, along with his NBA career. Compared to his success on the pitch, from another point of view, Yao's NBA career is less than a decade, or even less than half that of O'Neill.Yao can adhere to today, as good as another real miracle, for whom eight years to pay for something in the NBA is far from that we can imagine.Perhaps, only Yao Ming can do.With a wisdom of the heart, under the great culture shock between China and the United States, the two largest hedge culture, Yao seeks a moderate easy road and to create a magical and great achievement.
The contributions of Yao Ming to Chinese basketball is far beyond words. When this flag is slowly lowered from the mast, we suddenly found that his departure left a huge fissures to the Chinese Basketball.Because he lead the Chinese Basketball to a higher stage with greater achievement, there is no any person or thing can replace him after his departure.
We also clearly remembered, in the 2004 Athens, World Championships in 2006，and in 2008 the Wuke Song Basketball Stadium, he, Yao Ming, took the Chinese basketball upon his shoulders, by giving his team the vigor, courage, wisdom and luck. No one can completely ignore his contribution.He reached a height beyond all
imagination, gave a keynote of the Chinese basketball in“decade”，left the Chinese sports a fabulous dream. However, when Yao Ming down the last one to wrap the child in his career on the board, we are faced with chess cannot be copied.In short, Yao Ming can not be replicated.
In this sense, Yao Ming's“decade”means only the strength he gave to the Chinese basketball, but did not leave any technology to heritage. This perhaps is his only regret, but also powerless.If we must look for the things of tradition, the only way is our recycling out the next Yao Ming.As a result, the moment he left, the Chinese basketball is bound to go back to the former road.If we must discuss what can compensate for the losses caused by his leave, that perhaps only Yao Ming in a different way to nurture Chinese basketball.No one believes that Yao Ming will quit basketball career, he has been destined to become an inalienable part of Chinese basketball, and will play the role of any other individual cannot be compared.
现在回头看去，早在2010年12月16日，当姚明在最后一次复出的第5场比赛中受伤，并被确定左脚大拇指再次骨裂的那一刻，他在篮球场上的演出就已结束。8个月后的今天，当退役这个现实终于撩开面纱之时，并未在中国篮坛掀起想象中的轩然大波，一切都显得很平静，平静得让人感觉不到心慌。因为在姚明近几年频繁受伤的过程中，我们的潜意识里早已被灌输了一个信息：姚的时代正在飞速地跑向终点。一个不可辩驳的事实是，每个人都会老去，就像青春永远像房顶上的贼一般，在被发现的时候，一定会以比自由落体更快的速度坠落到地面。
何况那个要命的左脚趾，一直如阿喀琉斯之踵一般，伴随着他的NBA职业生涯。相比他在球场上的成功，从另一个角度来看，即便姚明的NBA职业生涯不到十年，甚至不及奥尼尔的一半，然而能够坚持到今天，不啻为另一个真正的奇迹，他为其NBA的8年付出的东西远非我们能够想象。也许，只有姚明这样的人，才可以做到。凭借一颗智慧之心，在中国和美国巨大的文化冲击下寻求了一条中庸的安逸之道，在夹缝之中创造了神奇和伟大。
姚明对中国篮球的贡献无需用语言来表达，也无法表达。当这面旗帜从桅杆上缓缓降下时，我们忽然发现，他的离开给中国篮球的板块留下了一个巨大的裂隙，而且是一块无法弥补的硬伤。之所以这样讲，是因为他的存在，把中国篮球不可逆转地带入了一个另类时代，当他离开时，也就没有任何人或事物可以替代。
我们还清晰地记得，在2004年的雅典、2006年的世锦赛、2008年的五棵松国家篮球馆，无一不是由这个大个子把中国篮球扛在肩头，在给他的球队注入了血性、勇气、智慧和运气的同时，也带来了至今我们都无法完全理会的一丝气息。他达到了超乎所有人想象的高度，给了中国篮球“这十年”的一个基调，给了中国体育一个神话般的梦境。然而，当姚明在他的职业生涯的棋盘上落下最后一颗收官之子后，我们面对的却是一盘不可复制的棋。简而言之，姚明是不可复制的。
从这个意义上讲，姚明存在的“这十年”，他给中国篮球带来的只是实力，并未留下可以传承的技术基因。这一点，也许是他唯一的遗憾，也是其无能为力的。如果一定要寻找可以传承的东西，唯一的办法就是，我们再造出来下一个“姚明”。也由此，当他离开的那一刻，中国篮球必然要走回从前的道路。如果一定要讨论有什么东西可以弥补他离开带来的损失，那也许还是只有姚明本人以另外一种方式来反哺中国篮球。没有人相信姚明退出球场会离开篮球，他已经注定成为中国篮球不可分割的一部分，而且会发挥其他任何一个个体都无法比拟的作用。
Chapter 3 Football 第三章 足球
Origins and Reasons for Popularity项目起源及流行探因Football is the world sports community's most influential individual sports；it is the world's largest sports reputation！Football is an old sports activity, having a long history. The first originated in ancient China, a ball game“Cuju”，later spread to Europe, later the Arabs developed it into modern football.
足球运动，是目前全球体育界最具影响力的单项体育运动，故有世界第一大运动的美称。足球运动是一项古老的体育活动，源远流长。最早起源于中国古代的一种球类游戏“蹴鞠”，后来经过阿拉伯人传到欧洲，发展成现代足球。
The establishment of the England Football Association was in 1863.
Later, it stipulated unified rules and gradually modified and improved. In 1872，it witnessed the first football match between England and Scotland.Over thousands of people watched women's football tournament held in England in 1890.Women's Football Club was founded in 1894.The foundation of International Football Federation in 1904 marked the flourishment of football over the whole world.
1863年成立英格兰足球协会，统一了竞赛规则，以后不断修改补充，逐渐完善。1872年英格兰与苏格兰之间举行了足球史上第一次协会间的正式比赛，1890年英格兰举办有万人观看的女子足球赛，1894年成立女子足球俱乐部。1904年国际足球联合会成立，从此足球日益发展，遍布全球。Rules of the Game比赛规则Venue and the Ball场地及用球
Courts for international football match take the length of 100 meters to 120 meters, width 64 meters to 75 meters. For World Cup, the playing field should be 105 meters long and 65 meters wide, with turf.The official international competitions must be held on natural turf instead of artificial one.There are goal line, sideline, center line, the penalty area, goals, corner arc, center mark and center circle.Corner flags standing at four corners should not exceed 1.5 meters high.Football gate is 7.32 meters wide，2.44 meters high.Perimeter of the ball is 68～71 centimeters, weight at the beginning of the game for the 396～453g, the inflation pressure is 0.6 to 1.1 atm.The color of the ball should be a clear distinction with the court, usually white, night lights game requires the use of black and white ball.Without the referee's permits shall not replace the game ball.
标准的国际比赛场长度为100～120米，宽度为64～75米。世界杯决赛时所用球场的标准为：长度105米，宽度65米，并铺有草皮。正式国际比赛必须在天然草皮球场进行，不得在人造草皮球场进行。足球场内划有球门线、边线、中线、罚球区、球门、角球区、中点、中圈、罚球弧。球场四角各竖一面高度不超过1.5米的角旗。足球门的宽度为7.32米，高度为2.44米。标准的国际比赛用球，其周长为68～71厘米，重量在比赛开始时为396～453克，充气后的压力为0.6～1.1个大气压。球的颜色应与球场有明显的区别，一般为白色，晚间用灯光比赛时，须使用黑、白两色球。比赛中未经裁判允许，不得更换比赛用球。Competition Method比赛方法
For regular football game, each team has playing number of 11，one of whmo must be a goalkeeper, every game can replace the three. Once a team has less than seven players, the game should be suspended.Each regular football game should have a referee, two assistant referees and a substitute referee.Once the ball scroll for a loop after the whistle of the referee marks the beginning of the game.There are 2 halves, each half takes 45 minutes，15 minutes for half-time interval.Once there is a draw after 90 minutes, there need to be extra time for 30 minutes.Two halves take 15 minutes without a break but switching sides.If the overtime is still a draw, there will be a penalty kick showdown to decide the winner.A winning makes 3 points, draw for 1 point, negative 0.
正规足球比赛，每队上场人数为11人，其中一人必须是守门员，每场比赛可替换3人，任何一个球队少于7人时，比赛不能进行。每场正规的足球比赛，有1名主裁判、2名助理裁判和1名替补裁判。主裁判鸣哨后，开球队员将球向前踢至滚动一周后，即开始比赛。比赛的时间分上、下两个半场，每半场为45分钟，中场休息时间15分钟。在全场比赛90分钟内打成平局后，需打加时赛，加时赛的时间为30分钟，上、下两个半场各为15分钟，中间不休息，只交换场地。若加时赛仍为平局，且必须决出胜负，则采用互相罚点球决胜负的办法。胜一场得3分，平一场得1分，负一场得0分。Violation违例
In modern football, the most common violation is the offside foul and a personal foul. Offside penalty foul should be based on the following three conditions.（1）A passing moment of the offensive players, members in the other half is closer to the other end line than the ball.（2）Less than two defensive players between the ball player and the end line of the court.（3）Attempt to gain or distraction from an offside position.
在现代足球比赛中，最多、最常见就是越位犯规和侵人犯规。判罚越位犯规应根据以下三个条件。（1）进攻队员传球一刹那，同队队员在对方半场内所处的位置比球更接近对方端线。（2）接球队员与对方端线之间少于两名防守队员。（3）企图从越位位置获得利益或干扰比赛，也应判罚越位犯规。Glossary of Terms术语词汇Venue场地篇
backfield 后场
end line 底线
field/pitch 足球场
goal area 小禁区（球门区）
goal line 球门线
goals 球门
halfway line 中线
kickoff circle/center circle 中圈
midfield 中场
penalty area 禁区（罚球区）
penalty mark（点球）罚球点
touchline/sideline 边线Team球队篇
attacking midfielder 攻击型前卫（前腰）
captain/leader 队长
center back 中后卫
center forward 中锋
cheer team 拉拉队
coach 教练
defending midfielder 防守型前卫（后腰）
football player 足球运动员
forward/striker/attacker 前锋
fullback/defender/back 后卫
goalkeeper/goalie 守门员
head coach 主教练
left back 左后卫
left midfielder 左前卫
lineman/assistant referee 巡边员
midfielder/half back 前卫
referee 裁判
right back 右后卫
right midfielder 右前卫
sweeper 清道夫，拖后中卫Technical Terms技术篇
bicycle kick/overhead kick 倒钩球
block tackle 正面抢截
body check 阻挡
break through 突破
chest-high ball 半高球
clean catching（守门员）接高球
clearance kick 解围
close-range shot 近射
consecutive passes 连续传球
corner ball/corner 角球
cross pass 横传
deceptive movement/feinting 假动作
direct free kick 直接任意球
diving header 鱼跃顶球
dribbling 盘球，带球
fair charge 合理冲撞
finger-tip save（守门员）托救球
flank pass 边线传球
flying header 跳起顶球
free kick 任意球
goal kick 球门球
handball 手球
hat-trick 帽子戏法
header 头球
indirect free kick 间接任意球
kick-off 开球
kick-out 踢出界
lobbing pass 高吊传球
long pass 长传
long shot 远射
offside 越位
offside 越位
own goal 乌龙球
pass 传球
penalty kick 点球
place kick 定位球
rolling pass/ground pass 地滚球
shoot 射门
short pass 短传
slide tackle 铲球
spot pass 球传到位
stopping 停球
take a pass 接球
throw-in/long throws 掷界外球
triangular pass 三角传球
volley pass 凌空传球Tactics战术篇
4-3-3 formation 433阵型
4-4-2 formation 442阵型
beat the offside trap 反越位成功
break loose 摆脱防守
break up an attack 破坏进攻
close-marking defense 盯人防守
control the midfield 控制中场
foul 犯规
offside trap 越位战术
open football 拉开的足球战术
set a wall 筑人墙
set the pace 掌握进攻节奏
technical foul 技术犯规
time wasting tactics 拖延战术
total football 全攻全守足球战术
ward off an assault 击退一次攻势
wing play 边锋战术Style of Play比赛方式篇
competition regulations 比赛条例
disqualification 取消比赛资格
doping test 药检
draw 平局
draw/sortation 抽签
eighth-final 八分之一决赛
elimination match 淘汰赛
extra time 加时赛
final match 决赛
goal drought 进球荒
goal 球门
golden goal/sudden death 金球制，突然死亡法
group round robin 小组循环赛
half-time interval 中场休息
injury time 伤停补时
match ban 禁赛命令
one-sided game 一边倒的比赛
preliminary match 预赛
quarterfinal 四分之一决赛
ranking 排名（名次）
red card 红牌
round robin 循环赛
semifinal 半决赛
send a player off 判罚出场
yellow card 黄牌Conversation 1情景对话1
Robert：We lost a game last night, what a pity！
罗伯特：昨晚我们输掉了一场比赛，真是太可惜了！
Jacob：What went wrong?
雅各布：出了什么问题？
Robert：Because they made too many bad passes.
罗伯特：只是因为我们传球太差。
Jacob：Bad passes?Can you be more specific?
雅各布：传球太差？你能说得更详细一些吗？
Robert：They were passing when trapped.
罗伯特：他们总是被夹击之后才会传球。
Jacob：Too bad. The defense would know where your limited pass options were.
雅各布：这可不好。这样防守队员就清楚你有限的传球选择了。
Robert：Right. What can I do to motivate them to be better passers?
罗伯特：是啊。我怎样才能激励他们提高传球能力呢？
Jacob：What do you want to do about this?
雅各布：你想怎么做？
Robert：Should we run suicides for making bad passes?
罗伯特：我想是不是应该对传球太差的球员进行惩罚？
Jacob：I don't think punishment will help bad passes. The best way is to let them understand the importance of making a good pass, let them know that good passes are more important than elegant dribbling.If you can do that, it's much better than any punishment.
雅各布：我不这样认为。我认为惩罚并不能让他们改掉传球的坏毛病。最好的办法是让他们知道传球的重要，让他们知道传球比漂亮的盘带更为重要。如果你能做到这一点，比任何惩罚都有效。
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]