作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
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2018年英语专业八级高分应试教程【命题分析＋技巧指南＋专项练习＋综合模拟】试读：
第1章 听力理解技巧指南及专项训练
1.1 大纲要求和题型调整
结合最新考试大纲和最新题型调整，专八听力要求如下：
1．测试要求（a）能听懂真实交际场合中的各类会话、讲话。（b）能听懂有关政治、经济、历史、文化、教育、语言文学、科普方面的演讲及演讲后的问答。（c）能理解所听材料的大意，领会说话者的态度、感情和真实意图。（d）能做较为完整的笔记。（e）考试时间25分钟。
2．测试形式
本部分为填空题和多项选择题形式，分三节：Section A和Section B，共20题。
Section A：Mini-lecture
本部分由一个约900个单词的讲座和一项填空任务组成。要求学生边听边作笔记，然后完成填空任务。答题时间10分钟。本部分共10题。
Section B：Conversation or Interview
本部分由一个约1000个单词的会话或两个约500个单词的会话组成。会话后有10道多项选择题。
本部分每道题后有10秒的间隙，要求学生听到问题后从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
听力理解部分的录音语速为每分钟150个单词，念1遍。
3．测试目的
测试学生获取口头信息的能力。
4．试题特点（1）题量上
根据最新题型调整来看，听力部分由原来的三种题型（Mini-lecture、Conversation or Interview、News Broadcast）改为两种题型（Mini-lecture& Conversation or Interview），录音原文维持不变，依然在2000词左右，考试时间依然由原来的35分钟缩短至25分钟，题量由原来的20题增至25题，难度加大。Conversation or Interview部分每小题对应的时间依然为10秒。（2）难度上
专八听力是历届考生相对失分较多的题型，尤其是记笔记填空的Mini-lecture部分，在其他英语考试中并不多见，难度较大。另外，本次题型调整后，Conversation or Interview部分的问题改为录音播放，这就要求考生不仅要听懂讲座或对话的内容，还需听懂问题。（3）选材上
修订版大纲对专八听力文章选材说明如下：（a）讲座部分的内容与英语专业方向课程相关。（b）会话部分的内容与学生的日常生活、社会和学习活动相关。（c）听力材料难度为中等偏上。（4）语音语速上
专八听力发音为标准的英音及美音，基本不会涉及方言；
大纲规定听力理解部分的录音语速为每分钟150个单词，需注意的是有时语速要快于这个速度。
1.2 Mini-Lecture命题分析及应试技巧
1．真题回顾
通过上图可知最近几年讲座的命题特点为：
◆选材明确
在2004年之前，讲座的选材范围颇广，涉及各个方面，没有很强的专业性，一般都是关于考生日常接触的事物，如政治、经济、教育、文化等。自从2004年颁布新大纲以后，选材范围变窄，大纲明确指出讲座部分的内容与英语专业知识课程相关，涉及的范围包括：英美文学、英美国家的概况、语言学、跨文化交际、词汇学、英语教学法和英语教育心理学等，因此考生应在平时打下扎实的专业基础。
◆语言正式
讲座一般为正式文体，使用的语言比较规范，经常会出现一些专业名词和术语。
◆层次分明
讲座的整体结构层次分明，逻辑性强，信息引导词清晰明了，使听者容易跟上并且踩准讲座的每一个节奏，层层推进，理顺脉络。
2．考点分析（1）要点题
要点题即针对讲座的要点设置空缺，讲座的要点一般为体现讲座的主要内容和文章脉络的句子，多为段落的主题句，在答题纸上一般以黑体突出显示。解答要点题需要考生从宏观上把握文章的脉络结构。
例：[2006年真题]
Meaning in Literature
I. Meaning is what is intended by____1____
Apart from reading an author’s work in question, readers need to
1）read____2____
by the same author;
2）get familiar with____3____at the time;
3）get to know cultural values and symbols of the time.
II. Meaning exists “in” the text itself.
III. Meaning is created by____7____.【录音原文】
Good Morning. In today’s lecture, we shall discuss what meaning is in literary works. When we read novels, poems etc., we invariably ask ourselves a question, that is, what does the writer mean here? In other words, we are interested in finding out the meaning. But meaning is a difficult issue in literature. How do we know what a work of literature is supposed to mean, or what its real meaning is? I’d like to discuss 3 ways to explain what meaning is.
No. 1 Meaning is what is intended by the author.
No. 2 Meaning is created by and contained in the text itself.
And No. 3 Meaning is created by the reader.（2）细节题
细节题是要点之下细节内容上的填空，是专八讲座采用最多的出题形式。细节题大致分为：直截了当型，细节理解型和推断题。
①直截了当型
此类细节题可以直接拿来就填，讲座内容和需要填入的内容完全吻合，所以只要笔记上记录下来，就可以答出题。
例：[2009年真题]
III. Structure of an experimental report
— feature: highly structured and____3____
— sections and their content:【录音原文】
A highly structured and disciplined report is written in sections, and the sections by and large follow an established sequence.
②细节理解型
该类题虽然也是对细节的考查，但听到的内容不能直接填入空缺，需要对听到的内容进行同义转换、词性转换、思维角度转换等来满足空缺处对字数、语法等的要求。
例：[2009年真题]
I. Content of an experimental report, e.g.
— study subject/ area
— study purpose
—____1____【录音原文】
All report is, really, is the place in which you tell the story of your study, like what you did, why you did it, what you found out in the process and so on.
[答案]study result/findings（同义转换、思维角度转换）（3）推断题
这种类型的填空题是最为常见的一种，它既考察要点细节上的内容，又测试考
生的灵活推断能力。听到的内容不可以拿来就用，需要根据所听的内容、所记的笔
记，仔细斟酌推测，得出恰当的答案。
例：[2007年真题]
V. Art as a reflection of social changes
A. Cause of changes:（9）______ of different cultures
B. Changes
—tribal people: effects of（10）______ on art forms
—European artists: influence of African traditional art in their works
—American and Canadian artists: study of Japanese painting【录音原文】
As people from tribal societies move to urban areas, theft values and beliefs change accordingly and their traditional art forms begin to lose their function.
[答案]urbanization（部落人在搬到都市之后，他们的价值观和信仰随着改变，而传统的艺术形式开始减弱。由此可以推断，都市化进程对原始部落的艺术形式有影响，故答案为urbanization。）（4）归纳总结题
顾名思义，归纳总结题就是从一段讲座内容中归纳总结出共有的特性并下一个结论。这类题目不容易回答，因为考生在做笔记的时，往往没有意识到某个长篇解释或者形象化的介绍说明就是在填空的时候需要归纳总结的内容。所以，必须有意识地把阐明同一观点的内容记录在一个平行线上，以便填空的时候将其整合起来分析。对历年的考题进行分析可发现，填空题的内容基本上都是对讲座内容的浓缩和总结，考查学生的思维归纳能力和用词能力。
例：[2005年真题]
Research Paper and Ordinary Essay
A. Similarity in（1）basic writing steps：
e.g.——choosing a topic
——asking questions
——identifying the audience
B. Difference mainly in terms of（2）________
1．research paper:printed sources
2．ordinary essay:ideas in one’s mind【录音原文】
What makes a research paper different is that much of your raw material comes not from your own head, but from printed sources：mainly books and periodicals in the library. Collecting raw material, that is reading books and taking notes，is very much like the process of brainstorming at the prewriting stage of an ordinary essay.
本题答案定位在文中斜体部分，但是如何把它归纳总结浓缩成简单的词组呢?从printed sources，mainly books and periodicals可以归纳出一个共同点，那就是信息来源，所以真正的区别是信息来源的不同。答案可以是source of information/source of material等。
3．应试技巧（1）抓主旨
根据讲座结构特点可知，文章的开头部分往往会对全文的主体和分述的要点加以说明，因此考生一定要抓住文章主旨，以便更好的听懂下文。（2）做好细节方面的记录
一些细节题主要用来考查考生把握细节信息的能力。考生需要对信息引导词句提高敏感度。（3）学会做笔记的方法
考生只需要有选择地将重要的信息记录下来即可，不需要完全的记录。另外在速记时要擅用通用符号和缩略语。如下：（4）做笔记注意层次清晰
为了层次清晰，笔记内容可分纵横两个方向。纵向排列的是讲座的要点，横向排列的是要点之下细节的内容。首先，捕捉每一个层次上的信号词，如连接词、过渡词，将其要点罗列，层次梳理清楚。其次，捕捉实词和关键词，将每个要点上的细节内容充实。最后再根据笔记从容填空。
1.3 Interview命题分析及应试技巧
1．真题回顾
2．命题特点（1）选材上，这一部分的听力材料为一篇1000词左右的对话或访谈，绝大部分材料是人物访谈，内容均出自真实交际场合中的各类会话、讲话，内容涉及日常生活的各个方面，比如家庭、生活、工作、学习、社会关注的焦点等。（2）内容上，这一部分出现的人物采访都是两个人的采访：一位采访者，一位被采访者，两者一问一答。主要的话题都是有采访者发起的，被采访者则按照采访者的问题一步步地向听录音的考生介绍相关的信息。考生可以把采访者的问题看作听录音的一种指标，当采访者提出的问题与选择题中出现的问题相关时，考生可以将接下来的内容作为重点听。（3）语言上，无论是访谈类材料还是对话类材料，都涉及专业化的知识介绍，而语言也趋于口语化。（4）考查形式上，继续沿用多项选择题的考查形式，但Conversation or Interview部分的问题改为录音播放，这就要求考生不仅要听懂讲座或对话的内容，还需听懂问题。
3．考点分析（1）事实细节题
细节题是出现频率比较高的一种题型。一般的细节题都可以在录音原文中直接找到答案，考生只要细心听就能解答。但有些题目里包含NOT，BUT，EXCEPT，INCORRECT等词，这时针对的不只是一个细节，而是若干处。考生在做这类细节题时应保持耐心，切忌浮躁。
例：[2009年真题]
The following are job benefits by joining Toastmasters EXCEPT______.
A. becoming familiar with various means of communication.
B. learning how to deliver messages in an organized way.
C. becoming aware of audience expectations.
D. learning how to get along with friends.【录音原文】
M: Another question is how Call Toastmasters help you in job situations?
W: By becoming involved in Toastmasters, you’ll learn different methods of communicating what you really want to say, and equally important, you’ll learn what your audience expects from you, so you can deliver that massage to them in a logical fashion. Some people are comfortable around friends, but when they appear before a group they don’t know, they get tense. Our organization helps our members to get calm and organize thoughts and deliver them in an effective way.
[答案]D（注意正确选项的表达——均采用了同义转换）（2）推理判断题
这种类型的填空题是最为常见的一种，它既考察要点细节上的内容，又测试考生的灵活推断能力。听到的内容不可以拿来就用，需要根据所听的内容、所记的笔记，仔细斟酌推测，得出恰当的答案。当然只要符合原文，会有好几个答案入选。
例：[2009年真题]
Toastmasters’ general approach to training can be summarized as_______.
A. practice plus overall training
B. practice plus lectures
C. practice plus voice training
D. practice plus speech writing【录音原文】
M: Then how does Toastmasters train people?
W: Toastmasters has an approach of learning by doing. The Toastmasters International Organization provides a menu we refer to as the basic menu, because it gives a guideline for the development of speeches. These speeches cater to different purposes. For example, one objective might be to develop vocal variety, another might be to organize your thoughts or develop your use of humor in speeches.
[答案]A（B、C、D项均片面，是训练的一部分。）（3）归纳总结题
这类试题需要考生总结整篇录音材料的大意或某一部分内容的大意。总结题的问题中一般出现main，conclude等词。做这种题目时一定要搞清楚需要总结的是哪一部分内容，切不可张冠李戴。若是总结全文大意，很有可能从开头部分或结尾部分找出答案，若是总结某一部分内容的大意，则需要针对这一部分来答。
例：[2009年真题]
The interview mainly focuses on_______.
A. the background information.
B. the description of training courses.
C. the requirements of public speaking.
D. the overall personal growth.
[答案]A（文章开头点题“could you tell us a bit about the background of the organization?”后面整个访问注重的也是关于背景知识的介绍。）
4．应试技巧（1）猜测题目，标出重点
本题考查考生在大量的信息中提取所需信息的能力，由于阅读速度快，考生进行辨别的时间少。要想取得理想的成绩，考生必须要缩短辨别的时间。考生在听录音材料前利用念答案要求（Directions）部分的时间先浏览选项。并且在浏览选项时，应注意四个选项的不同点，从而选项中找到蛛丝马迹，猜测题目询问的关键（如subject、factor、post等），为做好题目打好基础。（2）重视开头，弄清背景
采访开始，采访者往往先交代被采访者的身份及采访的事件，在听明白开头的前提下考生才能积极有效地对录音后面的内容进行预判。（3）听清提问，把握重点
主要话题一般由采访者发起，被采访者则按照采访者的问题一步步向介绍相关情况。而选择题中所涉及问题都是被采访者所提供的信息。因此，在听录音的过程中考生可以把采访者的问题看作听录音的一种指标，如果采访者提出的问题与选择题中出现的问题相关，考生则需将此部分内容作为听力重点，听力理解就有了重点，效果也会事半功倍。（4）蛛丝马迹，引出态度
对话中经常涉及一方对另一方或某一事件、观点、言论、行为的态度和反应，或赞成或反对，或满意或失望等各种情绪。此类题目的解题方法有：
①语音语调。英语中，语调主要有升调、降调，另外还有升降调和降升调，不同的语调表达不同的含义。例如，陈述句用升调表示说话者抱有迟疑、犹豫的态度；用降调表示肯定。反意疑问句如果反意是降调，就表示肯定，希望得到赞同或支持；反之，则表示征求对方的意见或不耐烦。
②提示词和关键词。考生可以根据一些提示性的语言或一些相关的词语进行判断，如I think…；It seems to me that…；As far as I’m concerned，I could say…；It is／sounds true that…同时还要注意表否定、转折和虚拟等含义的指示词，如I’d be sacked if I accepted your offer. 所表达的是拒绝。
③录音材料内容一般不会直接表明态度，但在字里行间会有渗透，考生在听懂对话的基础上，依据语气，充分理解其言外之意和所反映出来的态度。
1.4 专项练习[听力音频]
Mini-Lecture[听力音频]
专项练习1
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking,
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.
English Essay
As the beginning of a series of lectures on essay writing, I will discuss with you about how to write a good English essay.
I. Problems of writing essays
A. reason
—inability to meet essay (1) _____
B. result
—spend countless hours, and receive a (2) _____
C. solutions
—get on the (3) _____
—be exposed to essay (4) _____
II. (5) _____ of a good essay
A. (6)_____
—title
—(7) _____
body section
—(8) _____
B. topic
—students feel (9) _____ about
—readers f'md (10) _____
III. Importance of writing essays
A. as an (11) _____ of students
—through English essay writing
—through English essay in the (12) _____ semester of studying
B. as a (13) _____ on the worth of a writer
C. useful to make (14) _____
—with respect to work or (15) _____【答案与解析】
1．[答案] instructions
[解析]题目问的是写文章过程中遇到问题的原因，录音中提到“you spend countless hours working on an assigned English essay and still receive a low grade due to the inability to meet the essay instructions?”，由此句结合题目可知此处的原因指的是不能够满足文章的instructions，可得出本题答案。
2．[答案] low grade
[解析] 题目问的是写文章遇到问题产生的结果，从第一题解析中提到的录音内容可知，结果就是“still receive a low grade”，结合题目即可得出本题答案。
3．[答案] Internet
[解析] 题目问的是针对写作困难提出的解决方案，录音中提到“With the increased levels of contemporary Internet usage, you are exposed to a wide variety of English essay samples online.”，即现代网络的发展给人们提供了很多英语范文作参考，由此句话可以得出第3题和下面第4题的答案。
4．[答案] samples
5．[答案] Components
[解析] 题目填的是小标题内容，录音中提到“Formatting of an English essay is one of the essential components of the essay success.”分析题目可知这里要填的是一篇优秀的文章所需要包含的要素，故本空填Components，注意首字母大写，除此之外，这句话也提到Formatting是写作成功的基本要求，可得出第6题答案。
6 [答案] format/formatting
7．[答案] introduction part
[解析] 题目问好的写作包含的要素，录音中提到“The introduction part of the essay is followed by the body section…”，由此可知body section之前的部分是introduction part，即为答案。
8．[答案] conclusion
[解析] 题目问good essay包含内容的最后一项，录音中提到“Finally, the essay needs a conclusion that…”，由此可得出本空填conclusion。
9．[答案] passionate
[解析] 题目问的是有关写作topic的内容，录音中提到“To write a great essay, the topic would need to be something the student feels passionate about, but also something that readers would find fascinating”，由此可知写作话题可以是学生感兴趣的东西，也可以是读者感兴趣的内容，由此可得出本题和下面第10题的答案。
10．[答案] fascinating
11．[答案] evaluation
[解析] 题目问的是写作的重要性，录音中提到“…schools would evaluate the English subject performance of students through their English essay writing or through their English essay in their first semester of studying.”，即英语写作是学校评估学生学习情况的重要方面，由此可知此处填evaluation。
12．[答案] first
[解析] 由上一题提到的录音内容可知，学校通过两方面评估学生学习情况，一是英文写作，二是第一学期中的English essay，由此可得知此处填first。
13．[答案] judgment
[解析] 录音中提到写作的第二个好处是“But the celebrated authors and writers have always judged the worth of a writer in the quality of the English essay writing the writer is capable of”，即著名作家通过判断作者写English essay的能力来判断该作者的价值，本空填judgment。
14．[答案] personal statements
[解析] 题目问写作的最后一个好处，录音中提到“But later he might find this English essay writing useful. Later on he would have to make personal statements whether it is with respect to work or self-expression.”，即在需要做personal statements时，无论工作上还是自我表达方面，写作好都会带来极大裨益，由此可得出本题和下面15题的答案。
15．[答案] self-expression【录音原文】
English Essay
Good morning, today's lecture is the very first of a series of lectures on essay writing, so I'd like to spend some time discussing with you the following topic: how can you write a good English essay?
First, tell me how many times the following has occurred to you: (1/2) you spend countless hours working on an assigned English essay and still receive a low grade due to the inability to meet the essay instructions? If you have all got this kind of experience, you should pay much attention to what I am going to say today.
(3/4) With the increased levels of contemporary Internet usage, you are exposed to a wide variety of English essay samples online. As a result, they are able to review the existing samples and gain a better understanding of acceptable formatting norms as well as get a vast overview of possible topics to consider for their own essay papers. By means of reviewing English essay samples, you are able to see the way in which such essay components as arguments, conclusions, and counterarguments are composed. By using the search option of the popular search engines as Google, Yahoo or Bing, you get access to samples from multiple websites and can choose several reputable sources to be used as valuable examples for their own essays.
(5/6) Formatting of an English essay is one of the essential components of the essay success. Therefore, in order to receive a high grade for the paper, the student needs to follow all the formatting rules and norms. It is important to remember that an English language essay has a title, one that captures readers' attention, and an introduction paragraph covering the main aim of the essay. (7) The introduction part of the essay is followed by the body section, which is the main portion of the paper. In this section, the information will be used to get a writer's point across or educate readers. (8) Finally, the essay needs a conclusion that ties it all together and leaves the readers with thought-provoking ideas.
As for English essay topics, you are free to go in thousands of directions. (9) To write a great essay, the topic would need to be something the student feels passionate about, (10) but also something that readers would find fascinating. Without a shadow of doubts, lnternet is one of the best sources of essay topics—a one-stop shop, where you are able to find large volumes of useful information and ideas for any of the English essay topics being considered.
English essay format is not all that easy to follow and comply with. Contemporary students have loads of assignments to deal with and may lack the expertise to do the formatting on their own. That's why you should have experience and knowledge and are able to meet the most demanding and perplexing instructions.
Undergraduate students of literature or of arts and humanities will have to study the English subject. (11/12) Most universities, colleges and schools would evaluate the English subject performance of students through their English essay writing or through their English essay in their first semester of studying. Most of you would analyze sample English essays to understand the nuances of writing English essays.
You may also seek English essay help from peers or use the Internet as a resource to find sample English essays. College English essay requires to be written at a more advanced level of writing English essays. English essay samples require to be thoroughly analyzed and understood for the young student before attempting to write his magnum opus. There are good English essays from celebrated English authors across the continents that have to be read to absorb the techniques for good English essay in the first semester of English courses.
English essay writing is an art as said by the experts of English. To a student of English it is just another subject. 13) But the celebrated authors and writers have always judged the worth of a writer in the quality of the English essay writing the writer is capable of. Sometimes there are issues which can be easily understood because of the easy essay writing style of the author. English essay writing may be an obstacle to any student. (]4/15) But later he might find this English essay writing useful. Later on he would have to make personal statements whether it is with respect to work or self-expression.
But when there is a paucity of time with deadlines of each assignment morphing into another, which leaves no time to spend on understanding the concept in depth instead of absorbing the overview of these new concepts, one has to seek the services of established web-based service providers who will customize the essay you request for over all the subjects of the course for a competitive price. These websites provide professional, secure and original work of exceptional standards helping you to max your grades.
So now, everybody, have you got any ideas about how to write a good English essay? I hope that it will provide you with some good methods and a brand new view. If you have got any other question, you can just write it down, send an e-mail or contact me in any other way. I will be glad to help you to improve yourselves in essay writing.
专项练习2
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking,
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.
ANSWER SHEET ONE
Key to Good Language Learning
To learn a language more effectively, language learners should have access to resources or open learning centre with a wide range of materials and develop an autonomous approach to learning.
I. Learning (1) _____．
A. response of learners
—how they respond in a (2) _____ situation
B. activities they engage in
—when working with language learning materials on their own
Ⅱ.How learning activities are (3) _____
A. four main skills
—listening
—speaking
—reading
—writing
B. two (4) _____ areas
—grammar
—(5) _____
C. (6) _____ of language
—apologising
—(7) _____ and greeting
—requesting
Ⅲ.Factual information we can learn
A. social relationships and (8)
—the way people address one another
—how people interrupt, show (9) _____, use body language
B. (10) _____, values and attitudes
—how people talk or write
C. the differences in how a language is used
—in different situations
—for different (11)
D. how these uses of language are different
—from English
—from your own (12) _____
IV. Materials and resources that can be used
A. the Internet
B.foreign (13)_____and newspapers
C. the (14) _____
D. computer-based language learning materials
E. (15) _____【答案与解析】
1．[答案] styles
[解析] 录音中提到“It has been recognised that language learners display a variety of different learning styles.”，不同学习者的学习方式不同，结合题目可知此空填styles。
2．[答案] shared language learning
[解析] 这一题目对前面的learning styles作出解释，即录音中提到的“The way that individual learners respond in a shared language learning situation,…”，故此空填shared language learning。
3．[答案] organized
[解析] 录音中提到“The activities are organised under the main skill(s) they relate to…”，由此可知接下来的部分是对学习方式进行探讨，因此本空填organized。
4．[答案] extra
[解析]录音中在讲完four skills之后，接着又说“grammar and vocabulary are two extra areas which are frequently added to the four skills.”，结合题目可得出第4、5两空答案。
5．[答案] vocabulary
6．[答案] functions
[解析]录音中提到“Another useful way…is in terms of function….language items that reflect different functional areas such as apologising, introducing and greeting, or requesting can be usefully grouped together.”，即另外一种学习方法是依据语言的用途功能来学习使用，由此可得出第6、7两空的答案。
7．[答案] introducing
8．[答案] conventions
[解析]录音中在提到factual information之后又提到“How does the language reflect social relationships and conventions”，由此可知通过语言学习可以学到social relationships和conventions这两方面的内容，即可得出答案。
9．[答案] agreement
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]