作者：圣才电子书
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武汉大学外国语言文学学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2010年武汉大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
I. Put the following terms into Chinese (15%)
1．APSC【答案】品牌商标
2．CAT【答案】计算机辅助翻译
3．NATO【答案】北大西洋公约组织
4．FIT【答案】自由国际贸易
5．GPS【答案】全球定位系统
6．IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织
7．subtitling【答案】字幕
8．Morse code【答案】莫尔斯电码
9．Translation Studies【答案】翻译研究
10．Jerusalem【答案】耶路撒冷
11．General Assembly【答案】联合国大会
12．Gallup poll【答案】盖洛普民意测验
13．money order【答案】汇票
14．Think-Aloud Protocols【答案】出声思维法
15．Translation norms【答案】翻译规范
II. Put the following terms into Chinese (15%)
1．双赢【答案】win-win
2．三国【答案】the Three Kingdoms
3．直译【答案】literal translation
4．信达雅【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance
5．民主政策【答案】democratic policy
6．科学发展观【答案】scientific development
7．节约型社会【答案】conservation-minded society
8．节能减排【答案】energy conservation and emission reduction
9．次贷危机【答案】subprime mortgage crisis
10．服务型政府【答案】service-oriented government
11．扫黄打非【答案】eliminate pornography and illegal publications
12．灾害救助政策【答案】disaster relief policy
13．和谐社会【答案】harmonious society
14．职业翻译者【答案】professional translator
15．国际关系民主化【答案】democratization of international relations
III. Put the following passages into Chinese (60%)
The style of Dryden is capricious and varied, that of Pope is cautious and uniform; Dryden obeys the motions of his own mind, Pope constrains his mind to his own rules of composition. Dryden is sometimes vehement and rapid; Pope is always smooth, uniform, and gentle. Dryden’s page is a natural field, rising into one qualities, and diversified by the varied exuberance of abundant vegetation; Pope’s is a velvet lawn, shaven by the scythe, and leveled by the roller.
Of genius, that power which constitutes a poet; that quality without which judgment is cold, and knowledge is inert; that energy which collects, combines, amplifies, and animates; the superiority must, with some hesitation, be allowed to Dryden. It is not to be inferred, that of this poetical vigor Pope had only a little, Because Dryden had more; for every other writer since Milton must give place to Pope; and even of Dryden it must be said, that, if he has brighter paragraphs, he has not better poems. Dryden’s performances were always hasty, either excited by some external occasion, or extorted by domestic necessity; he composed without consideration, and published without correction .what his mind could supply at call, or gather in one excursion, was all that he sought, and all that he gave. The dilatory caution of Pope enabled him to condense his sentiments, to multiply his images, and to accumulate all that study might produce, or chance might supply. If of Dryden’s fire the blaze is bright, of Pope’s the heat is more regular and constant. Dryden often surpasses expectation, and Pope never falls below it. (300 words)【参考译文】
德莱顿的写作风格形式多样，变化多端；蒲柏则严谨而统一。德莱顿创作时直抒胸臆，蒲柏则按自己的章法创作。德莱顿有时文笔激烈恣肆，蒲柏则流畅匀整，温柔有致。德莱顿的诗篇是片自然田地，高低起伏不一，郁郁葱葱，杂然纷呈。蒲柏的诗篇则是天鹅绒般丝滑的草地，镰刀修整得法，滚筒机抚平般的平整光滑。
所谓天才，就是以其才力造就伟大诗人，并使知识见解免于晦涩呆滞。其能力可汇集万念、聚集百思、延伸四方、激活万物。从这些方面比较，德莱顿要胜出几分。然而依此来推断蒲柏诗才匮乏，德莱顿才华横溢，却又有些荒谬。须知自弥尔顿以来，除德莱顿外，蒲柏可雄踞其他文人之上。即使比较两人，德莱顿虽有些惊人语段，但通篇匀整流畅则不及蒲柏。德莱顿常因形势所迫、或家用所急而下笔匆匆。行文未加思索，付梓又不加修正。他所追求的无非是心随所想，兴致所到之处就作成诗篇。蒲柏下笔则极为谨慎，小心翼翼，所以能凝练情思，丰富意象，又能借积累之所学，机缘之巧遇。若德莱顿文章之火易熊熊燃烧，蒲柏诗篇则是微火慢炖，持久弥香。德莱顿常常出人意料，蒲柏则处处不负所望。
IV. Put the following into English (60%)
顾名思义，这是一朵再放的花朵。它曾经绽开在大中学生的教材里，摇曳在中文老师的讲义上，灿烂在无数学子的诵读中。春光如水。十年过去，也许五年或者十年，甚而至于更多一些年头，昔日的少年已是今天的白领阶层，抑或社会各个阶层各种角色的扮演着，对于曾经在课堂上读过的文章，至今余香在口，每能回忆，那同学少年，那花样季节，那响彻幽雅校园的琅琅之声，无一不令人心醉。于是有一天，我们这一套书的编者便作如是想，假使将那十年前度过的名篇重编一书，新加评注，让旧的读者以新的心境再读一遍，连同已逝的韶华一并温习，不亦乐乎？（249字）【参考译文】
The title of this bilingual collection, Cherished Dawn Blossoms reminds one of a bouquet of reopened blossoms. These blossoms of Chinese literature were once in full bloom in much-read books, in teachers’ curricular and on the lips of students. Time flows like water in a river. Ten or more years hence, those students would have grown up, but whatever position they hold in society today, they will never forget those beautiful pieces of prose, poetry and stories in their old school books. The sound of the classroom recital of those masterpieces still echoes in their years, making them nostalgic for those school days. One day, an idea suddenly hit us, the editors of these series- wouldn’t it be wonderful to pick up those cherished blossoms and arrange them into bouquets for our readers who would probably look at them again from a new prospective, a matured aesthetic judgment?
2011年武汉大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Put the Following Terms into Chinese(15%)
1．ASEAN【答案】东南亚国家联盟（东盟）
2．CPI【答案】消费物价指示
3．EQ【答案】情商
4．GMT【答案】格林威治标准时间
5．GNP【答案】国民生产总值
6．NGO【答案】非政府组织
7．OPEC【答案】石油输出国家组织
8．UNCF【答案】联合国儿童基金会
9．UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织
10．Dynamic Equivalence【答案】动态对等
11．Foreignizing Method【答案】异化法
12．Intersemiotic Translation【答案】符际翻译
13．Lingua Franca【答案】通用语
14．Polysystems Theory【答案】多元文化理论
15．Department of Homeland Security【答案】国土安全部
II. Put the Following Terms into English(15%)
1．即席翻译【答案】simultaneous translation
2．稀土【答案】tombarthite
3．产品导向【答案】product orientation
4．民族的先知【答案】prophet of a nation
5．操纵汇率【答案】to manipulate currency
6．第三产业【答案】tertiary industry
7．宏观调控【答案】macro-control
8．虚拟经济【答案】virtual economy
9．生态补偿机制【答案】ecological compensation mechanism
10．西部大开发【答案】west development
11．抑制流动性【答案】to inhibit liquidity
12．持续发展【答案】sustainable development
13．全面战略伙伴关系【答案】the comprehensive strategic partnership
14．转变政府职能【答案】to transform the government functions
15．国际金融新秩序【答案】The new international financial order.
III. Put the Following Passages into Chinese(60%)
I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you’ve bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.
Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because we the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.
That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.
These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land-a nagging fear that America’s decline is inevitable, and the next generation must lower its sights. Today I say to you that the challenges we face arc real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America-they will be met.【参考译文】
我今天站在这里，深感面前使命的重大，深谢你们赋予的信任，并铭记我们前辈所付的代价。我感谢布什总统对国家的贡献以及他在整个过渡阶段给予的大度合作。
至此，有四十四个美国人发出总统誓言。这些字词曾在蒸蒸日上的繁荣时期和宁静安详的和平年代诵读。但是间或，它们也响彻在阴云密布、风暴降临的时刻。美国能够历经这些时刻而勇往直前，不仅因为当政者具有才干或远见，而且也因为“我们人民”始终坚信我们先辈的理想，对我们的建国理念忠贞不渝。
我们处于危机之中，这一点已得到充分认识。我国在进行战争，打击分布广泛的暴力和仇恨势力。我们的经济严重衰弱，部分归咎于一些人的贪婪不轨，同时也因为我们作为一个整体，未能痛下决心，让国家作好面对新时代的准备。如今，住房不再，就业减少，商业破产。医疗保健费用过度昂贵；学校质量没有保障；而每一天都在不断显示，我们使用能源的方式在助长敌人的威风，威胁我们的星球。
这些是危机的迹象，数据统计将予以证明。不易于衡量然而同样严重的是全国各地受动摇的信心——一种挥之不去的恐惧感，认为美国将不可避免地走下坡路，下一代人不得不放低眼光。
今天，我告诉大家，我们面临的挑战真实存在，并且严重而多重。它们不可能在一个短时间内被轻易征服。但是，美国，请记住这句话——它们将被征服。（此版本译文为美国国务院国际信息局(IIP)根据奥巴马就职演说记录稿翻译）
IV. Put the Following into English(60%)
有人问：世界上什么东西的气力最大？回答纷纭的很，有的说“象”，有的说“狮”，有人开玩笑似地说是“金刚”，金刚有多少气力，当然大家全不知道。这也许特殊了一点，常人不容易理解，那么，你看见笋的成长吗?你看见过被压在瓦砾和石块下面的一颗小草的生成吗?他为着向往阳光，为着达成它的生之意志，不管上面的石块如何重，石块与石块之问如何狭，它必定要曲曲折折地，但是顽强不屈地透到地面上来，它的根往十壤钻，它的芽往地面挺，这是一种不可抗的力，阻止它的石块，结果也被它掀翻，一粒种子的力量的大，如此如此。
没有一个人将小草叫做“大力士”，但是它的力量之大，的确是世界无比。这种力，是一般人看不见的生命力，只要生命存在，这种力就要显现，上面的石块，丝毫不足以阻挡，因为它是一种“长期抗战”的力，有弹性，能屈能伸的力，有韧性，不达目的不止的力。
种子不落在肥土而落在瓦砾中，有生命力的种子决不会悲观和叹气，因为有了阻力才有磨练。生命开始的一瞬间就带了斗争来的草，才是坚韧的革，也只有这种草，才可以傲然对那些玻璃棚中养育着的盆花哄笑。【参考译文】
Someone asked, “What is the most powerful thing in the world?”
There was a variety of answers.
“Elephant,” someone said.
“Lion,” another said.
“Buddha’s guardian warrior,” still another said half-jokingly. As to how powerful the Buddha’s guardian warrior was, no one was sure.
You may think this is too unusual a story to be grasped by the common mind. Well, have you ever seen how the bamboo shoots grow? Have you ever seen how frail young grass grow out from under debris and rubble? In order to get the sunshine and bring its will to grow into play, no matter how heavy the rocks are and how narrow the space between the rocks, it will wind its way up irresistibly, its roots drilling downward and its sprouts shooting upward. This is an irresistible force. Any rock lying in its way will be overturned. This again shows how powerful a seed can be.
Though the little grass have never been said to be herculean, the power it shows is matchless in the world. It is an invisible force of life. So long as there is life, the force will show itself. The rock above it is not heavy enough to prevent it from growing because it is a force that keeps growing over a period of time, because it is an elastic force that can shrink and expand, because it is a tenacious force that will not stop growing until it is grown.
The seed does not choose to fall on fertile land but among debris. If it is filled with life, it is never pessimistic or sad, for it is tempered by resistance and pressure. The grass that fights its way out since the moment it is born can be called “strong” and ”tenacious”; only the grass that fights its way up since its birth has the right to laugh with justified pride at the potted plants in glassed green houses.（刘士聪译）
2012年武汉大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
I. Put the Following Terms into Chinese. (15%)
1．Localization【答案】本地化
2．APEC【答案】亚太经贸合作组织
3．MT【答案】机器翻译
4．ATA【答案】大西洋公约协会（Atlantic Treaty Association）
5．BRIC【答案】金砖四国（Brazil，Russia，India，China）
6．Budget Deficit【答案】预算赤字
7．Full Refunds【答案】全额赔偿
8．Paternity Test【答案】亲权认定；亲子鉴定
9．Price Ceiling【答案】价格上限；最高价
10．Money Laundering【答案】洗钱
11．Microblog【答案】微博
12．Performance Appraisal【答案】绩效考核
13．Market Share【答案】市场占有率；市场份额
14．Translation Shift【答案】翻译转移
15．Subtitling【答案】配字幕
II. Put the Following Terms into English. (15%)
1．实体经济【答案】entity economy；real economy；substantial economy
2．住房公积金【答案】house provident fund
3．房奴【答案】mortgage slave
4．不动产【答案】real property
5．债权人【答案】creditor
6．纯收入【答案】net income
7．欧债危机【答案】European debt crisis
8．增值税【答案】value-added tax
9．国际评级机构【答案】International rating agency
10．免税【答案】tax exemption
11．不可抗力【答案】force majeure
12．资产负债表【答案】balance sheet
13．醉驾【答案】drunk driving
14．转基因水稻【答案】transgenic rice
15．政府采购【答案】government procurement
III. Put the Following into Chinese. (60%)
When Mary Lennox was sent to Misselthwaite Manor to live with her uncle everybody said she was the most disagreeable-looking child ever seen. It was true, too. She had a little thin face and a little thin body, thin light hair and a sour expression. Her hair was yellow, and her face was yellow because she had been born in India and had always been ill in one way or another. Her father had held a position under the English Government and had always been busy and ill himself, and her mother had been a great beauty who cared only to go to parties and amuse herself with gay people. She had not wanted a little girl at all, and when Mary was born she handed her over to the care of an Ayah, who was made to understand that if she wished to please the Mem Sahib she must keep the child out of sight as much as possible. So when she was a sickly, fretful, ugly little baby she was kept out of the way, and when she became a sickly, fretful, toddling thing she was kept out of the way also. She never remembered seeing familiarly anything but the dark faces of her Ayah and the other native servants. And as they always obeyed her and gave her own way in everything, because the Mem Sahib would be angry if she was disturbed by her crying, by the time she was six years old she was as tyrannical and selfish a little pig as ever lived. The young English governess who came to teach her to read and write disliked her so much that she gave up her place in three months, and when other governesses came to try to fill it they always went away in a shorter time than the first one. So if Mary had not chosen to really want to know how to read books she would never have learned her letters at all.【参考译文】
当玛丽·来诺克斯被送到美塞奥斯怀特庄园与她的姑父住在一起时，每个人都说她是他们所见过的模样最不讨人喜欢的孩子。这是事实，她有一张又小又瘦的脸，一个又小又瘦的身体，一头稀疏的浅色头发，一副闷闷不乐的表情。她的头发是黄色的，她的脸也是蜡黄色的，因为出生在印度，总是得这样或那样的病。她父亲在英国政府里任职，一直很忙，也一直生病。她的母亲是一个大美女，只喜欢参加聚会，与男人们在一起寻欢作乐，根本不想生一个女孩儿。当玛丽出生时，她的母亲把这个婴儿交给一个奶妈照料，并让后者明白，如果她想要取悦女主人，就必须让这个孩子尽可能地离女主人远点儿。于是，当玛丽还是一个多病的、闷闷不乐的、丑陋的小婴儿时，她就被母亲拒之门外了；而当她变成一个多病的、闷闷不乐的、蹒跚学步的小幼儿时，她仍然被拒之千里。除了奶妈与其他几个土著仆人的黑脸孔，她根本不记得曾见过任何熟悉的东西，而这些仆人们对她言听计从，无论设么事都顺着她的性子，因为如果她的哭声打扰到了女主人，女主人就会很生气。当玛丽六岁时，她变得像一头小猪那样乖戾而自私，那位来教她阅读、写字的年轻的英国女教师对她深恶痛绝，以至于不到三个月就辞职离开了。其他的家庭女教师们陆续来应聘，但也在很短的时间内就离开了，比第一位任教的时间更短。因此，如果玛丽不是真心想读书的话，她就永远也学不会写自己的名字。
IV. Put the Following into English. (60%)
今日发布的一项调查显示，三分之二的英国民众担心英国将遭遇新一轮经济衰退。与此同时，调查还揭示，英国被评为欧洲第二大不适合居住的国家。
85%的人认为，欧元区危机已经危及英国经济，而一项新报告指出，在本次经济动荡发生之前，英国经济就已经在减速了。
GcomRes的调查显示，超过半数(59%)的英国人正在削减开支，以应对可能到来的新一轮经济衰退。
近四分之三的英国人称，他们担心新一轮经济衰退会给自己和自己的家庭带来严重的冲击，只有13%的人说他们认为自己不会受到影响。
不过，不到五分之一(18%)的人认为，如果有助于避免新一轮经济衰退，英国就应该拿出更多钱，帮助解决欧元区的金融危机。
这项涵盖了2000多人的调查显示，77%的人认为这次危机证明英国不加入欧元区是正确的，另外有数量相近的人的认为欧洲的政治领导人在处理欧元区的债务危机上很失败。
另一项由智囊力Demos撰写的题为“良性增长”的研究报告指出，英国是欧洲最不适宜居住的地方之一。
这一研究报告称，从健康、住房和就业市场等多种因素来看，全欧洲只有西班牙比英国更不适宜居住。该研究称，最适宜居住的地方
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