作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
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对外经济贸易大学外语学院261二外英语历年考研真题及详解试读：
2001年对外经济贸易大学外语学院二外英语考研真题及详解
Part One: Vocabulary and structure
Directions: In each of the following sentences there is a blank. Below each sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Decide which one of the four choices is the most suitable for the blank and circle it. (30%)
1. The doctor cured him _____ his strange disease.
A. with
B. of
C. from
D. off【答案】B【解析】句意：医生治好了他的怪病。本题考查固定搭配，cure of意为“治愈”。
2. Investors seem to be losing _____ in the car industry.
A. belief
B. confidence
C. trust
D. reliance【答案】B【解析】句意：投资方好像对汽车行业逐渐失去了信心。confidence信心。belief相信；信仰。trust信任，信赖。reliance信赖。
3. In spite of the _____ hostility of his colleagues, he went ahead.
A. introductory
B. preparatory
C. initial
D. preliminary【答案】C【解析】句意：尽管同事最初对他抱有敌意，但他还是继续前进。initial最初的。introductory引导的，介绍的。preparatory预备的。preliminary初步的。
4. He is not such a man _____ would have his work half done.
A. whom
B. whom
C. that
D. as【答案】D【解析】句意：他不是一个在工作上半途而废的人。本题考查定语从句，当先行词有such修饰时，定语从句用as来引导。
5. Radio and television have made it _____ for advertisers to capture the attention of millions of people.
A. probable
B. possible
C. likely
D. capable【答案】B【解析】句意：收音机及电视机使得广告商有可能用这种方法吸引千百万人的注意。本题考查固定句型，make it for possible for…to do，使得某人做什么成为可能。
6. Salt _____ vegetables from decay.
A. preserves
B. reserves
C. protects
D. insures【答案】A【解析】句意：盐能防止蔬菜腐烂。本题考查固定搭配，A和C均可与from搭配，但protect意为“保护，保卫”，用以表示“保护或保卫某人或某物不受外界的伤害或侵害”，而preserve重在表示“保持某物原有的状态”或“使某物保持完好的状态”，故应选A。
7. He will agree to do what you require _____ him.
A. in
B. of
C. for
D. from【答案】B【解析】句意：他会同意你对他的要求。本题考查固定搭配，require of意为“要求”。
8. The child was _____ for getting his shoes and socks wet.
A. corrected
B. suffered
C. scolded
D. complained【答案】C【解析】句意：这孩子因把鞋子和袜子弄湿而挨骂。scold责骂。correct纠正。suffer遭受。complain抱怨。
9. I haven’t the _____ idea of what you mean.
A. lightest
B. dimmest
C. faintest
D. smallest【答案】C【解析】句意：我一点也不懂你的意思。本题考查固定搭配，haven’t the faintest idea of意为“一点儿也不懂”。
10. In a typhoon, winds _____ speeds greater than 75 miles per hour.
A. obtain
B. attain
C. approach
D. exceed【答案】C【解析】句意：在一场台风中，风速接近每小时75英里以上。approach接近。obtain获得。attain达到，实现。exceed超过。
11. The boy, trying to be independent, _____ his father’s offer of help.
A. turned away
B. let down
C. turned down
D. broke away【答案】C【解析】句意：这个男孩想要独立，所以他拒绝了父亲的帮助。turn down减小；拒绝。turn away避开。let down使失望。break away脱离；放弃。
12. _____ do we go for picnics.
A. Certainly
B. Sometimes
C. Seldom
D. Once【答案】C【解析】句意：我们很少去野餐。本题考查倒装句，当带有否定意义的副词位于句首时，句子应倒装，故应选C。
13. Her display of bad temper completely _____ the party.
A. harmed
B. damaged
C. hurt
D. spoilt【答案】D【解析】句意：她的坏脾气完全扫了晚会的兴。spoil毁掉、糟蹋、破坏某事物的美或趣味等。harm伤害；危害。damage损害，毁坏。hurt使受伤。
14. The completion of the building has been _____ owing to the heavy rain.
A. held back
B. kept down
C. held up
D. kept back【答案】A【解析】句意：大雨阻碍了大楼的竣工。hold back抑制；阻碍。keep down控制；镇压。hold up举起；阻挡。keep back阻止。
15. _____ irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
A. What is
B. Where is
C. Since its
D. Because of its【答案】D【解析】句意：由于苯酚对人体有刺激性作用，它基本上已经被停止用作防腐剂了。本句后半部分已经是个完整的句子，故前半部分应用作状语，A，B，C三个选项后应接句子，故选D，做原因状语。
16. A historical novel may do more than mirror history; _____ future events.
A. it may even influence
B. even influenced
C. may even influence
D. that it may even influence【答案】A【解析】句意：历史小说不仅仅反映历史，它甚至会影响未来的事件。句中出现了分号，由分号连接的部分必是句子，因而填入的答案要使后半部分最终成为完整的句子。
17. Orchestral instruments _____ under the following types: strings, woodwind, brass and percussion.
A. grouped
B. can group
C. can be grouped
D. to be grouped【答案】C【解析】句意：此句有主语而缺谓语动词，orchestral instrument与group之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故选C。
18. All living organisms constantly absorb carbon 14 _____ their existence.
A. out
B. about
C. around
D. throughout【答案】D【解析】句意：所有的生物体一生都在不断地吸收碳14。throughout one’s life/ existence是固定短语，意为“……的一生中”。
19. People’s expectations of a higher standard of living increase _____.
A. conditions in their community improve
B. since conditions in their improving community
C. conditions in their community improved
D. as conditions in their community improve【答案】D【解析】句意：人们对更高生活标准的期望随着社区环境的改善而提高。本题考查状语从句。空格前是一完整的主谓结构的句子，后面缺少的应是作状语的短语或从句，只有D是完整的从句，故选D。
20. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of _____ reality.
A. what is conceived
B. that is conceived
C. what is conceived to be
D. that is being conceived of【答案】C【解析】句意：在本质上，理论是抽象的，这种抽象可以构想为现实的符号表示。本题考查名词性从句，what和that均可引导名词性从句，但that在所引导的从句中不充当任何成分，conceive为不及物动词，使用被动语态时动词不定式应还原。
21. The edible tube mushroom _____ a cushion like, moist cap that is light brown or darkish red.
A. which has
B. to have
C. having
D. has【答案】D【解析】句意：这种可食用的管状蘑菇有一种类似于软垫、潮湿的盖子，呈浅褐色或深红色。此句已给出主语和由定语从句修饰的宾语，缺少谓语动词，只有D可单独作谓语。
22. Variables such as individual and corporate behavior _____ nearly impossible for economists to forecast economic trends with precision.
A. make
B. make it
C. making
D. makes it【答案】B【解析】句意：个人和企业行为等变量使得经济学家几乎不可能精确地预测经济趋势。本题考查it作形式宾语，主语为复数，谓语动词用make，因此本题的正确答案为B。
23. Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions _____ a politician.
A. such
B. more
C. as
D. than【答案】C【解析】句意：托马斯·杰弗逊作为建筑师的成就与他作为政治家的贡献相匹敌。动词rival(胜过，匹敌)前后是两个相比较的成分achievements(成果)和contributions(贡献)，由于前面的名词后出现了短语as an architect，故空白处也应用as，使前后对比成分一致。
24. An ideal is a standard _____ people judge real phenomena.
A. how
B. of
C. by which
D. that【答案】C【解析】句意：理想是人们判断真实现象的标准。本题考查定语从句，judge by为固定搭配，意为“根据……做出判断”，因此本题的正确答案为C。
25. A simple rule for losing weight is to _____ the number of calories that one consumes daily.
A. cut out on
B. cut in on
C. cut under on
D. cut back on【答案】D【解析】句意：减肥的一个简单法则就是减少每天摄入的卡路里。cut back on削减，缩减。cut out on辜负。cut in on打断。cut under折卖。
26. Dick was the only one who knew how to cook because he had _____ in the kitchen when he was a boy.
A. helped about
B. helped up
C. helped with
D. helped out【答案】D【解析】句意：迪克是唯一一个知道怎么做饭的人，因为他小的时候在厨房打过下手。A和C后应接名词，B意为“把(某人)扶起来，帮助(某人)往上搬东西”，故应选D。
27. Since he has made an apology, I will _____ what I said against him.
A. take away
B. take up
C. take back
D. take out【答案】C【解析】句意：既然他已经道歉了，我将收回对他说的话。take back收回；撤销。take away带走，拿走。take up拿起；开始从事。take out取出；去掉。
28. He pretended to be an Englishman, but his foreign accent gave him _____.
A. away
B. off
C. out
D. up【答案】A【解析】句意：他假装是英国人，但他的外国腔出卖了他。give away泄露；出卖。give off发出（光等）。give out分发，发出。give up放弃。
29. All our efforts to persuade her to come and stay with us were of no _____.
A. result
B. avail
C. effect
C. purpose【答案】B【解析】句意：我们所有劝说她来和我们待在一起的努力一点用都没有。本题考查固定搭配，be of avail意为“有用的”，故应选B。
30. We will accept your check although it is not our normal _____.
A. habit
B. intention
C. thought
D. practice【答案】D【解析】句意：尽管这不是我们的惯例，但我们还是接受您的支票。practice惯例。habit习惯。intention意图。thought思想。
Part Two: Cloze
Choose one word from the box bellow for each black. There are more words than necessary. (20%)
Through history man has had to accept the fact (1)______ all living things must die. All living things show the (2)______of aging, which will eventually result (3)______ death. Aging is not a disease, but as a person pasts maturity, the cells of the body and the (4)______ they form do not function as well as they (5)______ in childhood and adolescence. The body provides less protection against disease and is more prone (6)______ accident.
A number of related causes may (7)______ aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not replaced when they die. As a person ages, the (8)______ of brain cells and muscle cells decreases. (9)______ body cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the (10)______ cells may not be as visible or as capable of growth as (11)______ of a young person.
Another factor in aging may be changes within the cells (12)______. Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known to change (13)______ age and become less elastic. This is (14)______ the skin of old people wrinkles and hangs loose. This is also the reason why (15)______ people shrink (16)______ height. There may be more chemical changes in the (17)______. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and pass (18)______ information that the cells need. (19)______ may affect this process (20)______ change the information-carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.【答案与解析】
1. that（根据横线前后的内容可知，该句为同位语从句，故填入that引导同位语从句。）
2. sign（此处意为：所有的生物都会体现出变老的迹象，因此填入sign。）
3. in（根据横线前后的内容可知，此处意为：这种变老的迹象最终会导致死亡，result in为固定搭配，意为“导致”，因此填入in。）
4. organs（根据横线前后的内容可知，此处填入名词，由前面的cells可推断出此处应填organs。）
5. did（根据横线前后的内容可知，此处是将老年时期细胞和器官的运作与童年时期、青少年时期进行对比，动词为function，由于主语未变，故可用助动词来代替function，故填入相应的过去形式did。）
6. to（be prone to为固定搭配，意为“易于……；倾向于……”，故填入to。）
7. cause（此处意为：许多相关因素会导致变老，由causes可知此处应填入意为“导致”的动词，故应填入cause。）
8. number（此处意为：脑细胞和肌肉细胞的数量减少，填入number。）
9. Other（根据横线前后的内容可知，脑细胞和肌肉细胞的数量减少，而其他细胞则会死亡，代之以新的细胞，故填入Other。）
10. new（根据横线前面的内容可知，死亡之后的细胞会被新的细胞代替，由此可推断出横线处讲的是新细胞，填入new。）
11. those（根据横线前后的内容可知，此处是将老年人的新细胞与年轻人的新细胞进行比较，横线处应填入代词，代指新细胞，且为复数，故填入those。）
12. themselves（此处意为：变老的另一个因素可能是细胞自身内部的变化，细胞为复数，故填入themselves。）
13. with（此处意为：细胞中的一些蛋白质化学物质随着年龄的增长而改变，变得不那么有弹性，with意为“随着”。）
14. why（根据此句句意，这就是为什么老年人的皮肤松弛且有皱纹，故填入why。）
15. old（根据横线前后的内容可知，此处填入形容词，后面提到身高减少，故可知说的是老年人，填入old。）
16. in（此处意为：在身高方面缩水，故填入in，意为“在……方面”。）
17. cells（根据横线前后的内容可知，此处填入名词，根据句意，细胞内部可能会有更多的化学变化，因此填入cells。）
18. on（pass on为固定搭配，意为“传递”，因此填入on。）
19. Aging（根据横线前后的内容可知，此处填入名词，根据句意，影响这种过程的是变老，因此填入Aging。）
20. and（根据横线前后的内容可知，此处表并列关系，填入连词，连接两个动词，因此填入and。）
Part Three: Reading
Directions: In this section you will find four passages. Do the following multiple-choice questions after each passage (50%)
Passage Ⅰ
The word conservation has a thrifty meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials; most of them even until very recently, had the foolish idea that treasures are “limitless” and “inexhaustible”. Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, an unhealthy condition of our part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others.
Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands; soil destruction and river floods were not national problem; nobody had yet studied long-term climactic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word “conservation” had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today.
For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must now set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should, therefore, be made a part of everyone’s daily life. “To know about the water table in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas. We need to know why all watersheds need the protection of plant life and why the naming current of streams and rivers must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them. We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because living space for most of man’s fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic volume above the earth. In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can.
l. The author’s attitude towards the current situation in the exploitation of natural resources is _____.
A. critical
B. neutral
C. positive
D. suspicious
2. According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that _____.
A. they had no idea about scientific forestry
B. they were not aware of the significance of nature study
C. they had little or no sense of environmental protection
D. they had no idea of how to make good use of raw material
3. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that earlier generations didn’t realize _____.
A. the importance of the proper use of land
B. the value of the beamy of nature
C. the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floods
D. the interdependence of water, soil, and living things
4. To avoid the mistakes of our forefathers, the author suggests that _____.
A. we plant more trees.
B. we return to nature
C. natural sciences be taught to everybody
D. environmental education be directed toward everyone
5. What does the author imply by saying “living space ... is figured ...also in cubic volume above the earth” (Para. 3)?
A. We need to take some measures to protect space.
B. Our living space should be measured in cubic volume.
C. Our living space on the earth is getting smaller and smaller.
D. We must preserve good living conditions for both birds and animals.【答案与解析】
1. A 由最后一段的第一句可知，作者将先辈的行为视为mistakes，由此可见他对开发自然资源的当前情形持批评态度。
2. C 由第一段的“Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials”可知，我们先辈最大的错误就是没有环境保护意识。
3. D 由第一段的“Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature…”可知，自然界是一个整体，事物之间相互依存，某一部分的破坏迟早会对其他方面造成危害，但这一点earlier generations并没有意识到，故应选D。
4. D 由最后一段的“Conservation should, therefore, be made a part of everyone’s daily life”可知，每个人都应该具有环保意识，故应选D。
5. D 这句话是说地球上除人以外的其他生物的生存空间越来越小，之前又提到我们应该意识到树木的重要性，文章最后一句指出我们应该尽可能地恢复大自然的美，因此这句话暗指我们应该为以树木为家园的鸟类以及其他动物提供更好的生存环境，故应选D。
Passage Ⅱ
The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, couples with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to incrust the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resource (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor; gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and service for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
6. In Para. 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means _____.
A. Americans are never satisfied with their incomes
B. Americans tend to overstate their incomes
C. Americans want to have their incomes increased
D. Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes
7. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that _____.
A. producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production
B. consumers can express their demands through producers
C. producers decide the prices of products
D. supply and demand regulate prices
8. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by _____.
A. private property and rights concerned
B. manpower and natural resources control
C. ownership of productive resources
D. free contracts and prices
9. The passage is mainly about _____.
A. how American goods arc produced
B. how American consumers buy their goods
C. how American economic system works
D. how American businessmen make their profits【答案与解析】
6. D 整篇文章讲的是美国经济体系中的供需关系，第一段提到消费者在很大程度上决定了产品的生产倾向，他们为自己最想要的商品或者服务花钱，由此可知the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes指的是消费者想要增加他们收入的购买力，以获得最想得到的商品或者服务。
7. D 由第二段的“…a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers”可知，价格因消费者的相对需求和生产商的供给而上涨或下跌，即D选项的“供应和需求调节价格”。
8. A 由最后一段可知，私营经济允许个人享有生产资源，即私有财产，同时又允许个人享有某些特定权利，故应选A。
9. C 文章开头第一句就提到American economic system，由此可知整篇文章是围绕该主题而展开的，故应选C，即美国的经济体系是如何运作的。
Passage Ⅲ
The great advance in rocket theory 40 years ago showed that liquid-fuel rockets were far superior in every respect to the skyrocket with its weak solid fuel, the only kind of rocket then known, However, during the last decade, large solid-fuel rocket with solid fuels about as powerful as liquid fuels have made their appearance and it is a favorite layperson’s question to inquire which one is “better.” The question is meaningless; one might as well ask whether a gasoline or a diesel engine is “better.” It all depends on the purpose. A liquid-fuel rocket is complicated, but it has the advantage that it can be controlled beautifully. The burning of the rocket engine can be stopped completely; it can be ignited when desired. In addition, the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the speed of the fuel pumps. A solid-fuel rocket, on the other hand, is rather simple in construction, though hard to build when a really large size is desired. But once you have a solid-fuel rocket, it is ready for action at very short notice. A liquid-fuel rocket has to be fueled first and cannot be held in readiness for very long after it has been fueled. However, once a solid-fuel rocket has been ignited, it will keep burning. It cannot be stopped and reignited whenever desired (it could conceivably be stopped and reignited after a pre-calculated time of burning has elapsed) and its thrust cannot be varied. Because a solid-fuel rocket can be kept ready for a long time, most military, missiles employ solid fuels, but human-piloted spaceflight need the fine adjustments that can only be provided by liquid fuel. It may be added that a liquid-fuel rocket is an expensive device; a large solid-fuel rocket is, by comparison, cheap. But the solid fuel, pound per pound, costs about 10 times as much as the liquid fuel. So you have, on the one hand an expensive rocket with a cheap fuel and on the other hand a comparatively cheap rocket with an expensive fuel.
10. The author feels that a comparison of liquid- and solid-fuel rockets shows that _____.
A. neither type is very economic
B. the liquid-fuel rocket is best
C. each type has certain advantages
D. the solid-fuel rocket is best
11. The most important consideration for human-piloted space flight is that the rocket be ______.
A. inexpensive to construct
B. capable of lifting heavy spacecraft into orbit
C. easily controlled
D. in expensive to operate
12. Solid-fuel rockets are expensive to operate because of their _____.
A. size
B. fuel
C. burning time
D. complicated engines
13. Which of the following statements is not characteristic of liquid-fuel rockets?
A. The fuel is cheap.
B. They can be stopped and reignited.
C. They are cheap to build.
D. They must be used soon after fueling.【答案与解析】
10. C 通过将液体燃料火箭和固体燃料火箭进行对比，可知各自都有其优缺点，故应选C。
11. C 由文中的but human-piloted spaceflight need the fine adjustments that can only be provided by liquid fuel可知，human-piloted spaceflight需要灵活的调节变换，即C选项的“易于控制”。
12. B 由文中的But the solid fuel, pound per pound, costs about 10 times as much as the liquid fuel可知，固体燃料的价格大约是液体
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