蛇岛老铁山保护区鸟类图谱(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


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作者:辽宁蛇岛老铁山国家级自然保护区管理局

出版社:辽宁民族出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

蛇岛老铁山保护区鸟类图谱

蛇岛老铁山保护区鸟类图谱试读:

前言

辽宁蛇岛老铁山国家级自然保护区位于辽东半岛的最南端,大连市旅顺口区境内,总面积9072公顷,主要保护对象为蛇岛蝮、迁徙候鸟及其生态环境。保护区地理位置特殊,生态环境复杂,生物多样性丰富。

1980年保护区建立以后,几代科研人员进行了保护区自然资源本底的调查研究,包括地质、地貌、气象、植物、动物、昆虫等方面;对蛇岛蝮的生活习性、种群动态,老铁山候鸟的种类、数量以及迁徙规律做了详细的研究;并探讨改善蛇岛生态环境条件的措施,促进蛇岛蝮种群增殖,掌握各种候鸟在老铁山的活动和栖息规律,为有效地管护提供可靠的依据;同时从1987年开始进行鸟类环志工作。

保护区地理位置特殊,是中国鸟类迁徙东部通道上的一个重要驿站。其西部的老铁山,是辽东半岛的最南端,东临黄海,西临渤海,隔渤海海峡与山东半岛相望,距蓬莱直线距离100千米,其间有庙岛群岛的诸多海岛分布其中,与最近的北隍城岛直线距离仅41千米,是候鸟通过渤海海峡的最近通道,每年有数百万只候鸟经此迁徙。

本书收录了辽宁蛇岛老铁山国家级自然保护区现记录的鸟类20目、63科、169属、340种,对每种鸟类的分类地位、拉丁名、中文名、形态特征、在保护区内分布状况等进行了详细描述。同时对每种鸟配1-2张生态照片,对鸟的形态进行展示。

本书的分类系统、科属的排列顺序、鸟类名称、英文名、拉丁名等,均参照《中国鸟类分类与分布名录》(第二版,2011年)。文字部分的描述,参考了《中国鸟类志》、《中国鸟类野外手册》、《台湾野鸟手绘图鉴》、《辽宁动物志》等资料的规范性描述,在此向前辈科学家致敬!

在图片收集的过程,全国各地的鸟类摄影师给予了大力的支持,他们提供的照片在文中进行了标注,在此表示诚挚的感谢。未做标注的图片,均由王小平拍摄。

限于编者水平,书中差错和不当之处在所难免,恳请专家、学者和同行给予批评指正。编者2016年1月Preface

Liaoning Snake Island Laotie Mountain National Nature Reserve is located at the southern end of Liaodong Peninsular, Lushunkou District,Dalian,Liaoning,covering 9,072 hectares.Themain focus of its conservation is on Gloydius shedaoensis, m igrating birdsand the surrounding environment.Itsunique location and varioushabitats Provides rich biodiversity.

A fter its establishment in l980,generations of scientific workers have done lots of studies on its natural resource including geology,geomorPhology,meteorology,Phytology,zoology and entomology.EsPecially,they have studied the habitand PoPulation of Gloydius shedaoensis,and sPecies,quantity ofm igrating birds and theirm igration Pattern.They have discussed themethod to im Prove the habitatquality of Gloydius shedaoensis to helPw ith its reProduction.They are clearof them igration Pattern of birds so that they can Provide effectivemeasures for their conservation.They have been doing bird banding since l987.

Thenature reserve lieson an unique location,being a very imPortantstoP-oversite form igrating birdson their flyway in eastern China.Laotie Mountain,in itswestern Part,is the southern end of Liaodong Peninsular,surrounded by the Yellow Sea from the eastand BohaiSea from thewest.It faces Penglai,Shandong to the south which is one hundred kilometers away across the Bohai Strait.Between them,there lies theM iaodao Isles,in which the North Huangcheng Island isabout4l kilometersaway from Laotie Mountain,Providing a shortcut form igrating birds to cross the strait.Every year there arem illionsof birdsm igrating through here.

This book describes 340 sPecies of birds in l69 genus,63 fam ilies,20 orders thatoccurs in the nature reserve.Each sPecies accountcom Prises taxonomy,scientific name,Chinese name,identification,statusand distribution in the nature reserve,and one or two Photos taken in the field.

The taxonomy and nomenclature in thisbook followsA Checkliston the Classification and Distribution of the Birdsof China ′Second Edition′(Zheng 20l l).When w riting the descriPtions in sPecies accountswe use A Handbook of the Birdsof China(Zhao 200l),A Field Guide to the Birdsof China(MacKinnon 2000),Field GuideofW ild Bird in Taiwan(Hsiao 20l4)and Fauna Liaoningica ′Aves′(Huang l989)as references.A ll these Predecessors′worksare greatly acknow ledged!

A lsomany thanks to all the bird PhotograPhers over China for Providing their fabulous Photos,and their Photos are credited accordingly.The other Photos coPyright isby XiaoPingWang.

Due to the lim ited range of our know ledge,theremustbe some inaccuracies or evenm istakes in this book.Comments from exPerts,Peersand bird watchersarewelcomed.EditorsJanuary 20l6黑喉潜鸟潜鸟科 潜鸟属

学名:Gavia arctica

英名:Black-throated Diver

形态:大型游禽,体长56-75cm。繁殖期头灰色,喉及前颈闪辉黑绿色,上体黑色具白色方形横纹。颈侧及胸部具黑白色细纵纹。非繁殖期下体白色上延及颈侧、颏及脸下部,两胁白色斑块明显。第一冬的鸟上体具白色鳞状纹。虹膜红色;嘴灰黑色;脚黑色。

分布:繁殖于北半球,从苏格兰北部至西伯利亚。冬季南迁至北纬30°左右。在保护区属罕见的旅鸟,2013年9月19日在老铁山灯塔海域观察到1只。

习性:单独在淡水水域繁殖,冬季常成散群在沿海越冬。主要以各种鱼类为食。

黑喉潜鸟[摄影刘涛]

ID:Large swimming bird.Body length 56-75cm.Summer adult has velvety Pale grey crown and hindneck,black throat Patch with green gloss,and clear black and white striPes on neck and breast-sides.UPPerbody has a Pattern of distinct white Patches.Winter adult has white extending from cheeks,throat,foreneck to underbody.Distinctive white flank Patch in all Plumage.Juvenile/lst-winter has Pale,scaled Pattern on back and scaPulars.

BP:Eyes red;bill greyish black;tarsi black.

SD:Rare migrant.One in the sea near the lighthouse on Laotie Mountain on l9 SeP,20l3.

HH:Solitary Pairs breed at clear lakes and Pools.Winter along coasts at times in loosely scattered gatherings.Feed mainly on fish.黑喉潜鸟[摄影刘涛]红喉潜鸟潜鸟科 潜鸟属

学名:Gavia stellata

英名:Red-th roated Dive

形态:大型游禽,体长54-69cm。繁殖期成鸟脸、喉及颈侧灰色,前颈有栗色三角形斑,从喉下部直到上胸,颈背多具纵纹,下体白色。非繁殖期成鸟颏、颈侧、脸及下体白色,上体近黑而具白色纵纹。虹膜红色;嘴绿黑色;脚绿黑色。

分布:繁殖于北半球近北极区,冬季南下至北纬30°左右。在保护区属罕见的旅鸟,近10年内没监测到。

习性:繁殖于淡水区域,越冬在沿海水域,有时成群活动。主要以各种鱼类为食。

ID:Large swimming bird.Body length 54-69cm.Summer adult has dark rufous throat contrasting with grey face and neck,and clear black and white striPes on hindneck and breast sides.Underbody white.Winter adult has white on cheeks,throat,and more than half of neck.Flanks show as a comPlete Pale band above waterline.Whole greyish black uPPerbody finely sPeckled with white.

BP:Eyes red;bill greenish black;tarsi greenish black.

SD:Rare migrant.No record in recent ten years.

HH:Solitary Pairs breed at clear lakes and Pools.Winter along coasts at times in loose gatherings.Feed mainly on fish.红喉潜鸟小科 小属

学名:Tachybaptus ruficollis

英名:Little Grebe

形态:小型游禽,体长25-32cm。身体短胖,嘴裂和眼乳黄色。繁殖期喉及前颈偏红,头顶及颈背深灰褐,上体褐色,下体偏灰,具明显黄色嘴斑。非繁殖期上体灰褐,下体白。虹膜黄色;嘴黑色,尖端黄白色;脚蓝灰,趾尖浅色。

分布:中国东部,南部大部分地区有分布。保护区常见,留鸟及部分候鸟。夏季在保护区周边小水库繁殖,冬季在老虎尾等海域越冬。

习性:喜在清水及有丰富水生生物的湖泊、沼泽及涨过水的稻田。通常单独或成分散小群活动。常潜水捕食,主要食物是各种小型鱼类。

ID:Small swimming bird.Body length 25-32cm.Rounded body with tail-less′bottom′.GaPe and eyes yellow.Summer adult has chestnut cheeks and foreneck,dark chocolate-brown crown,naPe and uPPerbody.Underbody greyish.Yellow gaPe bright.Adult winter Pale brown and buff.

BP:Eyes yellow;bill black with Pale tiP;tarsi blueish grey with Pale toes.

SD:Common resident,with a few as summer breeder.In summer breeds in small reservoirs around the NR.Winters in the sea around Laohuwei.

HH:Breeds at clear,well-vegetated lakes and Pools with rich aquatic food available,and even flooded Paddyfield.Seen alone or in small gatherings.Dive to feed mainly on small fish.小凤头科 属

学名:Podiceps cristatus

英名:Great Crested Grebe

形态:中型游禽,体长45-48cm,是中个体最大的。颈修长,具显著的深色羽冠,下体近白,上体纯灰褐。繁殖期成鸟颈背栗色,颈具鬃毛状饰羽。非繁殖期额、头顶、后颈和上体黑褐色,余部白色。虹膜橙红色;嘴黑褐色(冬季红色),嘴基部红色,尖端苍白色;脚近黑色。

分布:中国大部分地区有分布。在保护区属常见冬候鸟。冬季在老虎尾水域常见。

习性:繁殖于开阔的江河、湖泊、沼泽地带。冬季多栖息在沿海海湾、河口。主要以各种鱼类为食,也吃一些水生无脊椎动物和水生植物。凤头

ID:Medium-sized swimming bird.Body length 45-48cm,the largest East Asian grebe.Long,thin neck,with Prominent dark crest.Underbody whitish,and uPPerbody greyish brown. Summer adult has hindneck and uPPerbody dark brown,and bristled head Plumes.Winter adult blackish brown caP extends to hindneck and uPPerbody contrasting with white on the other Parts

BP:Eyes orange-red;bill blackish brown(red in winter),with red base and Pale tiP;tarsi blackish.

SD:Common winter visitor in the sea around Laohuwei.

HH:Breeds at oPen rivers,lakes and swamPy areas.Winters along coastal bays and estuaries.Dive to feed mainly on fish,and also some aquatic invertebrates and Plants.凤头(br.)[摄影刘涛]角科 属

学名:Podicepsauritus

英名:Slavonian Grebe

形态:中型游禽,体长31-39cm。繁殖期头、后颈和背黑色,前颈及两胁深栗色,两只眼后各有一簇橙黄色饰羽,好似头上的两只“角”。非繁殖期背部黑褐色,下体及体侧白色,具白色翼镜,飞翔时明显。

虹膜红色;嘴黑色,嘴端偏白;脚黑蓝或灰色。

分布:中国东部沿海有分布。在保护区属罕见的旅鸟,近10年内没监测到。

习性:喜在内陆湖泊、沼泽地带繁殖。冬季结小群活动,栖息在近海水面、海湾、河口。常潜水捕食,主要食物是各种小型鱼类、水生昆虫。

ID:Medium-sized swimming bird.Body length 3l-39cm.Summer adult has head,hindneck and uPPerbody black,foreneck and flanks reddish,and broad golden yellow band from bill base to rear of head forming′horns′.Adult winter black caP extends to hindneck and uPPerbody contrasting with white cheeks,neck-sides and underbody.In flight,white on forewing and secondaries.

BP:Eyes red;bill black with white tiP;tarsi bluish black or grey.

SD:Rare migrant.No record in recent ten years.

HH:Breeds at inland,well-vegetated lakes and Pools.Winters along coasts,bays and estuaries in small gatherings.Dive to feed mainly on small fish and aquatic insects.角(br.)[摄影张明]黑颈科 属

学名:Podicepsnigricollis

英名:Black-necked Grebe

形态:中型游禽,体长25-34cm。繁殖期成鸟具松软的黄色耳簇,耳簇延伸至耳羽后,前颈黑色,嘴黑色,细而尖,微向上翘,眼红色。非繁殖期头顶、后颈和上体黑褐色,颏部白色延伸至眼后呈月牙形,飞行时无白色翼覆羽。虹膜红色;嘴黑色;脚灰黑色。

分布:中国中东部地区有分布。在保护区属罕见旅鸟,近10年内没监测到。

习性:繁殖于内陆湖泊、沼泽地带。非繁殖期栖息在沿海海面、河口及附近湖泊。主要通过潜水捕食,食物以各种小型鱼类、蛙类、水生昆虫为主。

ID:Medium-sized swimming bird.Body length 25-34cm.Summer adult has loose fan of golden-yellow ear Plumes.Foreneck black.Slender and Pointed bill black and slightly uPturned. Eyes red.Adult winter has caP,hindneck and uPPerbody black.White on chin extends to behind eye forming a crescent.In flight,no white on wing coverts.

BP:Eyes red;bill black;tarsi greyish black.

SD:Rare migrant.No record in recent ten years.

HH:Breeds at inland,well-vegetated lakes and Pools.Winters along coasts,estuaries and adjacent lakes.Dive to feed mainly on small fish,frogs and aquatic insects.黑颈[摄影孙克信]白额鹱鹱科 鹱属

学名:Calonectris leucomelas

英名:Streaked Shearw ater

形态:中型海鸟,体长47-52cm。嘴较细长,鼻管较短。上体暗褐色,前额、头侧、前颈和下体白色。尾呈楔形,飞行时初级、次级飞羽和尾羽黑褐色。虹膜褐色;嘴角质色;脚带粉色。

分布:中国东部海域。在保护区属很常见的旅鸟和罕见的夏候鸟。2013年11月19日,救助一只亚成鸟。

习性:属典型的海洋性鸟类,除繁殖期外,全在海上活动。迁徙时常结成大群,在海面上低空飞行和滑翔。主要以鱼类、浮游动物和软体动物为食。

ID:Medium-sized seabird.Body length 47-52cm.Bill slender and long.Nostril tubes short.UPPerbody dark brown,with forehead,face,foreneck and underbody white.Tail wedged.In flight,Primaries,secondaries and tail blackish brown.

BP:Eyes brown;bill greyish Pink;tarsi Pinkish.

SD:Fairly common migrant and summer visitor.One immature was rescued on l9 Nov,20l3.

HH:TyPical Pelagic bird.Visits land only to breed,sPends the remainder of the year at sea.Forming large flocks in migration,flying and gliding close to the sea surface.Feed mainly on fish,zooPlankton and molluscs.白额鹱普通鸬鹚鸬鹚科 鸬鹚属

学名:Phalacrocorax carbo

英名:Great Cormorant

形态:大型水鸟,体长72-87cm。通体黑色,头颈具紫绿色光泽,两肩和翅具青铜色光彩,嘴角和喉囊黄绿色,眼后下方白色。繁殖期颈及头饰以白色丝状羽,两胁具白色斑块。亚成鸟深褐色,下体污白。

虹膜绿色;上嘴黑色,下嘴灰白色;脚黑色。

分布:中国多数省份有分布。在保护区属较常见的旅鸟和夏候鸟。

习性:常成群栖息于水边岩石或水中,呈垂直站立姿势。在水中游泳时身体下沉较多,颈向上伸直。以各种鱼类为食,主要通过潜水捕食。

ID:Large waterbird.Body length 72-87cm.Black overall,with deeP PurPlish green sheen on head and neck,and bronze sheen on mantle and wings.GaPe and gular Pouch yellowish green.White facial Patch.Summer adult has variable narrow white Plumes on crown,naPe and head-sides.White flank Patch.Immatures dark brown,with white on underbody.

BP:Eyes green;uPPer mandible black,and lower greyish white;tarsi black.

SD:Common migrant and summer visitor.

HH:Frequents rocks and surrounding water.Stands uPright.Swims with body low and neck raised.Dive to feed mainly on fish.普通鸬鹚绿背鸬鹚鸬鹚科 鸬鹚属

学名:Phalacrocorax capillatus

英名:Japanese Cormorant

形态:大型水鸟,体长80-84cm。繁殖期成鸟头及颈绿色,具金属光泽,头侧具稀疏的白色丝状羽,脸部白色块斑较大,腿也具白色块斑。冬季黑褐色,颏及喉白色。嘴基裸露皮肤黄色。

虹膜蓝色;嘴角褐色,下嘴基部黄色;脚灰黑色。

分布:中国东部海域。在保护区属较常见的旅鸟和夏候鸟。蛇岛海域有少量繁殖。

习性:常栖息于岛屿及附近海面,喜在岛屿的悬崖峭壁上繁殖。主要以鱼类为食。

ID:Large waterbird.Body length 80-84cm.Summer adult has deeP green sheen with black margins on head and neck.Large white facial Patch and variable narrow white Plumes on crown,naPe and head-sides.White flank Patch.Winter adult dark brown,chin and throat white.Gular Pouch yellow.

BP:Eyes blue;gaPe brown,base of lower mandible yellow;tarsi greyish black.

SD:Common migrant and summer visitor.Small breeding PoPulation in the sea around Snake Island.

HH:Frequents islands and surrounding sea.Breeds on cliffs of islands.Feed mainly on fish.绿背鸬鹚海鸬鹚鸬鹚科 鸬鹚属

学名:Phalacrocorax pelagicus

英名:Pelagic Corm orant

形态:大型水鸟,体长70-79cm。通体黑色,颈具紫色光泽,其余具绿色光泽。繁殖期头顶和枕部各有一束铜绿色羽冠,两胁各具一大白斑。喉和眼裸露皮肤红色。嘴较细长。虹膜绿色;嘴黑色;脚黑色。

分布:中国东部沿海地区有分布。在保护区属较常见的夏候鸟。

习性:栖息于近陆岛屿和沿海地带,常成群栖息于露出海面的岩礁上。以各种鱼、虾、甲壳类海洋动物为食,主要通过潜水捕食。

ID:Large waterbird.Body length 70-79cm.Black overall,with deeP PurPlish sheen on neck,and green sheen on the other Parts.Summer adult has wisPy bronze green crests on crown and naPe,and white flank Patch.Facial skin red.Bill slender.

BP:Eyes green;bill black;tarsi black.

SD:Common summer visitor.

HH:Frequents offshore islands coastal areas.Perches often in small flocks on reefs and rock stacks in sea.Mainly dive in sea to feed on fish,Prawn and crustaceans.海鸬鹚苍鹭鹭科 鹭属

学名:Ardea cinerea

英名:Grey Heron

形态:大型涉禽,体长75-110cm。头、颈、脚和嘴均甚长,因而身体显得细瘦。上体灰色,下体白色,头和颈亦为白色。头顶有两条长若辫子状的黑色冠羽,前颈有2-3列纵行黑斑,体侧有大型黑色块斑。幼鸟的头及颈灰色较重,且无羽冠。虹膜黄色;嘴黄绿色;附和趾黄褐色或深棕色。

分布:中国各省均有分布。在保护区属很常见的冬候鸟和旅鸟,有个别种群在保护区内一些水库周边繁殖。

习性:常栖息于近水的湿地、滩涂、沼泽等地。性孤僻,在浅水中捕食。冬季有时成大群。飞行时翼显沉重。主要以小型鱼类、虾、蜥蜴、蛙、昆虫等为食。

ID:Large wading bird.Body length 75-ll0cm.Body elongated with long neck,long bill and long legs.UPPerbody grey,with white underbody,crown,face and neck.Black′bandana′around crown and small nuchal crest.Neck and breast streaked black.Juvenile has greyer head and neck without crest.

BP:Eyes yellow;bill yellowish green;tarsi and feet Pale to dark brown.

SD:Fairly common winter visitor and migrant.Small breeding PoPulation around some reservoirs.

HH:Frequents wetland,mudflat and marshes.Forages in shallow water.Usually solitary,but sometimes may form large flocks in winter.Flight heavy.Mainly feeds on fish,Prawn, lizards,frogs and insects.苍鹭草鹭鹭科 鹭属

学名:Ardea purpurea

英名:Purp le Heron

形态:大型涉禽,体长83-97cm。嘴长而尖,黄褐色;顶冠黑色并具两道饰羽,颈棕色且颈侧具黑色纵纹。背及覆羽灰色,飞羽黑,其余体羽红褐色。脚细长,胫下部裸出,黄褐色。

虹膜黄色;嘴褐色;附和趾黄褐色。

分布:中国中东部大部分地区有分布。在保护区属较常见的旅鸟。

习性:喜稻田、芦苇地、湖泊及溪流。性孤僻,常单独在有芦苇的浅水中。飞行时振翅显缓慢而沉重。主要以小型鱼类、虾、蜥蜴、蛙、昆虫等为食。

ID:Large wading bird.Body length 83-97cm.Yellowish brown bill long and Pointed.UPPerbody grey,with white underbody,crown,face and neck.Crown black with two naPe Plumes. Neck chestnut with black striPes.Mantle and coverts grey,flight feathers black.Rest Parts of body chestnut.Long legs yellowish brown,unfeathered from lower tibia.

BP:Eyes yellow;bill brownish;tarsi and feet yellowish brown.

SD:Common migrant.

HH:Frequents Paddyfield,reedbeds,lakes and streams.often solitary in shallow water with reedbed.Flight slow and heavy.Mainly feeds on fish,Prawn,lizards,frogs and insects.草鹭大白鹭鹭科 白鹭属

学名:Egretta alba

英名:Great Egret

形态:大型涉禽,体长82-100cm。嘴、颈、脚均甚长,身体较纤细。全身白色。嘴裂深,超过眼后。繁殖期嘴黑色,眼先蓝绿色,背和前颈下部均着生有长的蓑羽。非繁殖期嘴和眼先黄色,背和前颈无蓑羽。

虹膜黄色;嘴繁殖期黑色,非繁殖期黄色;脚黑色。

分布:中国大部分地区有分布。在保护区属常见的旅鸟和冬候鸟。

习性:常在湿润或漫水的海滨、水田、湖泊、沼泽、滩涂活动。善集群活动。主要以昆虫、鱼类、软体动物、甲壳类为食。大白鹭(br.)[摄影刘涛]

ID:Large wading bird.Body length 82-l00cm.All white,with long body,and very long bill,neck and legs.GaPe line extends rear of eye.Bill black with blue-green lores in breeding season.Extensive,lacy Plumes on lower-back and breast lacking in non-breeding adult,and bill and lores change to yellow.

BP:Eyes yellow;bill black(breeding)changes to yellow(non-breeding);tarsi black.

SD:Common migrant and winter visitor.

HH:Frequents flooded shores,Paddy fields,lakes,marshes and mudflats in flocks.Mainly feeds on insects,fish,molluscs and crustaceans.大白鹭中白鹭鹭科 白鹭属

学名:Egrettaintermedia

英名:IntermediateEgret

形态:中型涉禽,体长62-70cm。全身白色,眼先黄色,脚和趾黑色。繁殖期背和前颈下部有长的披针形饰羽,嘴黑色;非繁殖期背和前颈无饰羽,嘴黄色,先端黑色。虹膜黄色;夏羽嘴黑色,冬羽嘴黄色,端黑;腿及脚黑色。

分布:中国南部、中东部部分地区有分布。在保护区属少见的旅鸟。

习性:栖息于河流、湖泊、河口、海边、沼泽等有水的地方。主要以鱼类、蛙、虾、昆虫及小型无脊椎动物为食。

ID:Medium-sized wading bird.Body length 62-70cm.All white, with lores yellow and feet black.Summer adult has lacy Plumes on back and lower-breast,with black bill.Non-breeding adult has all these Plumes lacking,and yellow bill with black tiP.

BP:Eyes yellow;bill black(breeding)changes to yellow with black tiP(non-breeding);legs and feet black.

SD:Uncommon migrant.

HH:Frequents rivers,lakes,river mouths,coast and marshes.Mainly feeds on fish,frogs,Prawn,insects and small invertebrates.中白鹭(br.)白鹭鹭科 白鹭属

学名:Egretta garzetta

英名:Little Egret

形态:中型涉禽,体长52-68cm。嘴、脚较长,黑色,趾黄绿色,颈甚长,全身白色。繁殖期枕部有两根长而软的矛状饰羽,似两条辫子。背和前颈有长的蓑羽。眼先粉红色。非繁殖期饰羽消失。虹膜黄色;嘴黑色;胫、附黑绿色,趾黄绿色,爪黑色。

分布:中国中东部、南部地区有分布。在保护区属常见的夏候鸟。

习性:喜稻田、河岸、沙滩、泥滩及沿海小溪流。成散群活动,常与其他种类混群。主要以鱼类、蛙、虾、水生昆虫等为食。

ID:Medium-sized wading bird.Body length 52-68cm.All white,with long bill,neck and legs.Legs black,feet yellowish green.Summer adult has two elongated naPe Plumes,and lacy Plumes on lower-back and breast,with lores Pinkish.Non-breeding adult has all these Plumes lacking.

BP:Eyes yellow;bill black;legs blackish green,feet yellowish green,and nails black.

SD:Common summer visitor.

HH:Favours Paddy fields,river banks,mudflats and coastal streams.Often in loose flocks,mixed with the other egrets.Mainly feeds on fish,frogs,Prawn and aquatic insects.白鹭(br.)黄嘴白鹭鹭科 白鹭属

学名:Egretta eulophotes

英名:Chinese Egret

形态:中型涉禽,体长46-65cm。嘴、颈、脚甚长,全身洁白。繁殖期嘴橙黄色,眼先蓝色,枕部着生有矛状饰羽,背、肩和前颈有蓑状饰羽。非繁殖期眼先黄绿色,脚亦为黄绿色,背、肩和前颈无蓑状饰羽。

虹膜黄色;嘴繁殖期黄色,非繁殖期暗褐色;胫、附繁殖期黑褐色,趾黄色、爪黑色;非繁殖期胫、附黄绿色,趾、爪黑色。

分布:中国东部沿海地区有分布。在保护区属很常见的夏候鸟,蛇岛每年有繁殖种群,2009年有500余只。

习性:栖息于沿海岛屿、海岸、河口、滩涂等地。在灌木丛中集群筑巢繁殖。主要以各种小型鱼类为食。

ID:Medium-sized wading bird.Body length 46-65cm.All white,with long bill,neck and legs.Summer adult has bill orangy yellow,lores blue.Erectile Plumes on crown and naPe far more extensive than the other egrets,and lacy Plumes on lower-back and lower breast.Non-breeding adult has all these Plumes lacking,and lores change to yellowish green,with feet yellowish green.

BP:Eyes yellow;bill yellow(breeding)changes to dull brownish(non-breeding);legs black(breeding)changes to yellowish green(non-breeding),feet yellow(breeding)changes to

black(non-breeding),and nails black.

SD:Fairly common summer visitor.Breeds on Snake Island every year,with 500+in 2009.

HH:On offshore islands,coastal rocky areas,mudflats and river mouths.Breeds in colonies in bushes Mainly feeds on small fish.黄嘴白鹭(br.)牛背鹭鹭科 牛背鹭属

学名:Bubulcus ibis

英名:Cattle Egret

形态:中型涉禽,体长46-55cm。繁殖期体白,头、颈、胸沾橙黄;虹膜、嘴、腿及眼先短期呈亮红色,余时橙黄。非繁殖期体白,仅部分鸟额部沾橙黄。飞行时头缩到背上,颈向下突出,像个大的喉囊。与其他鹭的区别在体型较粗壮,颈较短而头圆,嘴较短厚。虹膜黄色;嘴黄色;脚黑色。

分布:中国中南部大部分地区有分布。在保护区属不常见的夏候鸟。

习性:栖息于平原草地、牧场、湖泊、沼泽湿地等处。常伴随牛活动,性活跃而温驯。主要以昆虫为食。

ID:Medium-sized wading bird.Body length 46-55cm.Essentially all-white,but summer adult has bright rusty-orange head,neck and breast.Eyes,bill,legs and lores orangy,but bright red for a short Period in breeding season.Non-breeding adult all white,with hint of orangy on crown on a few birds.In flight neck retracted to form a bulge.Told from other egrets by stocky body,head,shorter neck and blunt bill.

BP:Eyes yellow;bill yellow;tarsi black.

SD:Uncommon summer visitor.

HH:Often encountered around stock animals in grasslands,Pastures and drier margins of lakes and marshes.Tame and active,feeding on insects.牛背鹭(br.)池鹭鹭科 池鹭属

学名:Ardeola bacchus

英名:Chinese Pond Heron

形态:中型涉禽,体长37-54cm。嘴粗直而尖,黄色,尖端黑色,脚橙黄色。夏羽头、后颈、颈侧和胸红栗色,头顶有长的栗红色冠羽,肩背部有长的蓝黑色蓑羽。两翅、尾、颏、喉、前颈和腹白色,飞翔时两翅和尾的白色与体背黑色呈鲜明对比。冬羽头、颈到胸白色,具暗黄褐色纵纹,背暗褐色,翅白色。

虹膜黄色;嘴黄色,尖端黑色;附和脚暗黄色。

分布:中国多数省份有分布。在保护区属较常见的夏候鸟。

习性:常栖息于稻田或其他漫水地带,单独或成分散小群活动。与其他水鸟混群营巢。主要以小鱼、虾、蟹、蛙、昆虫等为食。

ID:Medium-sized wading bird.Body length 37-54cm.Yellow bill straight,thick and Pointed,with black tiP.Feet orangy.Summer adult has rich chestnut head,naPe,necksides,breast and long naPe Plumes,while mantle is charcoal-grey with elongated loose Plumes.Wings,tail,chin,throat,foreneck and underbody white.In flight dark mantle contrasts strongly with white wings and tail.In winter,head,neck and breast whitish,heavily streaked dark yellowish brown.Mantle dull grey-brown.Wings white.

BP:Eyes yellow;bill yellow,tiP black;tarsi and feet dull yellow.

SD:Common summer visitor.

HH:Frequents Paddyfield and other areas with shallow water.Solitary or in loose small flocks.Breeds in colonies with other waterbirds.Mainly feeds on fish,Prawn,crab,frogs and insects.池鹭(br.)[摄影孙克信]绿鹭鹭科 绿鹭属

学名:Butoridesstriatus

英名:Green-backed Heron

形态:中型涉禽,体长38-48cm。嘴长尖,颈短,体较粗胖,尾短而圆。头顶和长的冠羽黑色而具绿色金属光泽,颈和上体绿色,背、肩部披长而窄的青铜色矛状羽。颏、喉白色,胸和两胁灰色。常缩颈呈蹲伏状站立于水边。虹膜黄色;嘴黑色;脚黄绿色。

分布:中国东部、南部大部分地区有分布。在保护区属常见的夏候鸟。

习性:栖息于有树木的河流和水库边。性孤独,常单独活动。主要以鱼类为食。

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