作者：张锦涛,杨士超
出版社：南京大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
高级英语口语训练教程试读：
前言
一、 编写原则与主要特点本书的适用对象为语言基础较好的学习者。因此，本书不囿于口语技能培训，而更加注重英语思维与思辨能力提升，遵循以内容为主线的编排原则，根据适用对象（即语言基础较好的学习者）的能力特点将难度适当拔高。
因此，各单元话题不再局限于最基础阶段的吃、喝、玩、乐等生活内容，而是更多地聚焦于讨论与学习、训练、自我提升等稍高层面的内容，在注重语言基本功的基础上融入跨文化、思辨及自主学习等方面的内容。
各单元内容由概括到具体, 单元主题有学习的压力与乐趣，社交的礼仪与技巧，文化的差异与冲突，人生的困惑与思索等，以上话题在各单元的体例设计中不断具化，活动方式依照输入、训练、讨论、自我提升等各层次不断渐进。
另外，每个单元以话题为主线的同时，加进了一定的语言技能或者口语表达及交流的相关知识，以便能够逐步训练学生的口语表达与交流能力。二、 教材结构与内容
本书共包括十个单元。各单元主题以及主要内容见下表：单元主题单元内容Unit 1Making the most of your college Let Gold GlittertimeUnit 2Balancing your study with Play to Learn and Learn to PlayentertainmentCherishing friendship and Unit 3comradeshipBuild Your Network of FriendsUnit 4Acquiring information through Keep Well-Informednews and other approachesUnit 5Being independent and creativeLearn to ThinkUnit 6Cultivating team spiritWork as a GroupUnit 7Debating to winStimulate Your ThoughtsUnit 8Enhancing cultural awarenessLearn Another Language, Learn Another CultureUnit 9Communicating non-verballyGet the Information Beyond the WordsUnit 10Dealing with problems, Be Tough, Be Strongdifficulties and pressure三、 单元结构与内容特点
各单元的具体组成部分及内容特点见下图：单元结构及内容特点●此部分题目针对整个单元的内容而设置，形Pre-class work式多样，由易至难，由浅入深，供学生课前预习使用。●通过活动来引发学生对本单元主题的兴趣，Ⅰ. Starting Point活动形式多样，包括回答问题、看图说话、讨论、听音频及看视频等。●此部分包括Activity 1与 Activity 2两个大活动，主要为听说能力的训练。更侧重信息的输入与听读、模仿及基于输入的浅层次讨Ⅱ. What Do You Say论。题目难度比Starting Point 稍加深入，并且各个活动下的子题目难度呈梯度上升：从理解内容到关注语言到延展练习。●此部分包括Activity 1 与Activity 2两个大活动，侧重稍深层次的思辨及口语能力培养。题目设置多为体现思辨性的活动，例如小组Ⅲ. What Do You Think讨论、辩论、批判性评论、情景扮演等各种形式。练习活动设计层层递进、目标明确、体现一定的逻辑关系。●此部分为阅读资料，是对整个单元主要内容的概述或对所在单元某一方面内容的梳理与Ⅳ. Read, Think and Speak拓展。可以为整个单元的教与学活动提供较为详实的输入。●课后作业多为需要课后深入思考、讨论、查Assignments找并梳理资料、批判性分析、拓展思维和视野的题目。●此部分有的为整个单元涉及的词汇、短语、Language Tips句法结构的整合，也有的是针对某个活动或重要语言点的语言补充。
本教程在编写过程中结合实际教学的实践经验，将编者平时课堂上易于操作且效果良好的做法以及从学生学习过程中获得的丰富的反馈融入各项活动中，同时也参阅了国内外各类优秀的英语口语教材，查阅并摘编了互联网上的丰富资源，鉴之明镜，与时俱进，以期为较高阶段的英语口语训练与学习助一砖一瓦。
在编写过程中，因编者的局限性，教材中难免出现疏漏之处，恳请使用本教材的同行和学生批评指正。编者2018年1月目录Contents
前言
Unit 1 Let Gold Glitter Pre-class Work Ⅰ. Starting PointⅡ. What Do You SayⅢ. What Do You ThinkⅣ. Read, Think and SpeakAssignmentsLanguage Tips
Unit 2 Play to Learn and Learn to Play Pre-class Work Ⅰ. Starting PointⅡ. What Do You SayⅢ. What Do You ThinkⅣ. Read, Think and SpeakAssignmentsLanguage Tips
Unit 3 Build Your Network of Friends Pre-class Work Ⅰ. Starting PointⅡ. What Do You SayⅢ. What Do You ThinkⅣ. Read, Think and SpeakAssignmentsLanguage Tips
Unit 4 Keep Well-Informed Pre-class Work Ⅰ. Starting PointⅡ. What Do You SayⅢ. What Do You ThinkⅣ. Read, Think and SpeakAssignmentsLanguage Tips
Unit 5 Learn to Think Pre-class Work Ⅰ. Starting PointⅡ. What Do You SayⅢ. What Do You ThinkⅣ. Read, Think and SpeakAssignmentsLanguage Tips
Unit 6 Work as a Group Pre-class Work Ⅰ. Starting PointⅡ. What Do You SayⅢ. What Do You ThinkⅣ. Read, Think and SpeakAssignmentsLanguage Tips
Unit 7 Stimulate New Thoughts Pre-class Work Ⅰ. Starting PointⅡ. What Do You SayⅢ. What Do You ThinkⅣ. Read, Think and SpeakAssignmentsLanguage Tips
Unit 8 Learn Another Language, Learn Another Culture Pre-class Work Ⅰ. Starting PointⅡ. What Do You SayⅢ. What Do You ThinkⅣ. Read, Think and SpeakAssignmentsLanguage Tips
Unit 9 Get the Information Beyond the Words Pre-class Work Ⅰ. Starting PointⅡ. What Do You SayⅢ. What Do You ThinkⅣ. Read, Think and SpeakAssignmentsLanguage Tips
Unit 10 Be Tough, Be Strong Pre-class Work Ⅰ. Starting PointⅡ. What Do You SayⅢ. What Do You ThinkⅣ. Read, Think and SpeakAssignmentsLanguage TipsUnit 1 Let Gold GlitterMap of the Unit●Read the article on How to Study and Live and Make the Most of Your Time in College and then answer the questions orallyPre-class Work●Share the feelings of college life and tips of adjusting to college life with your partners●Describe the cartoon of the phenomenon of the roll call in collegeStarting Point●Discuss the problems of today's college education in China●Activity 1 Your Body Language Shapes Who You AreWhat Do You Say●Activity 2 The Third Debate Between Hillary and Trump●Activity 1 Bill Gates' Speech in His What Do You Graduation from Harvard UniversityThink●Activity 2 A Young Chinese Singer's Speech in UN's ECOSOC●How to Study and Live in CollegeRead, Think and ●Tips for Making the Most of the Time in SpeakCollege扫一扫可获取本单元配套资源Pre-class Work1 Read the article on How to Study and Live and Make the Most of Your Time in College and then answer the following questions orally.1) List some differences between life in high school, civilian university and military academy and then finish the following chart.2) What are your expectations of the college life? What kind of difficulties have you encountered and may you encounter in college life? And how do you think can you get the most out of college life?3) Read the text in Part Ⅳ, and summarize some of the tips helpful in your high school life, and figure out some more with regard to college life, especially military academy life.2 Conduct the following activities after reading the article.1) What is the most fascinating thing in college for you so far?2) Interview your classmates (≥5) on their experiences and feelings of the first week in college.3) Share your tips in adjusting to college life with your groupmates and then summarize and report the tips of your group to the whole class.Ⅰ. Starting Point1 Look at the cartoons and comment on the phenomenon they describe.2 Is the phenomenon common in today's colleges in China? What do you think of this phenomenon?3 What kind of college life have you expected before? And what kind of campus life are you enjoying now? Is there any gap between them? If yes, share with your classmates about this gap.Ⅱ. What Do You SayActivity 1 Your Body Language Shapes Who You Are(1)Watch the video clip and finish the following tasks.1 What is body language? Please specify the meanings of some certain body gestures including those mentioned in the video clip.2 In what ways do you think body language is important? And in what kind of activities will we rely on body language especially in campus activities?3 Record a speech entitled The Importance of Body Language and hand them in the groups.4 Comment on each group's speech videos in class and analyze the body language in the speech. After that, revise and record them again, and finally hand them in the groups.Activity 2 The Third Dabate Between Hillary and Trump(2)Watch the video clip and finish the following tasks.1 What is the focus of the third debate between Hillary and Trump?2 How would you comment on their usage of words respectively?3 What is your impression on Hillary and Trump as far as the debate is concerned?4 Make the preparation for the debate on“College Students Should Have Part-Time Jobs.”Cultural notesBP DebateBritish Parliamentary Debate is very widespread, and has gained major support in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Europe, Africa, Philippines and United States. It has also been adopted as the official style of the World Universities Debating Championship and the European Universities Debating Championship (at which the speakers are given only fifteen minutes' notice of the motion). Speeches are usually between five and seven minutes in duration. The debate consists of four teams of two speakers, sometimes called factions, with two teams on either side of the case.Because of the style's origins in British parliamentary procedure, the two sides are called the Government and Opposition, while the speakers take their titles from those of their parliamentary equivalents (such as the opening Government speaker, called the Prime Minister). Furthermore, since this style is based on parliamentary debate, each faction is considered to be one of two parties in a coalition. They must therefore differentiate themselves from the other team on their side of the case in order to succeed in their own right.All speakers are expected to offer Points of Information (POIs) to their opponents. POIs are particularly important in British Parliamentary style, as it allows the first two teams to maintain their relevance during the course of the debate, and the last two teams to introduce their arguments early in the debate. The first and last minute of each speech is considered“protected time”, during which no POI may be offered.Depending on the country, there are variations in speaking time, speaking order, and the number of speakers. For example, in New Zealand, both the leader of the Opposition and the Prime Minister offer a short summary as the last two speakers.Ⅲ. What Do You Think(3)Activity 1 Bill Gates' Speech in His Graduation from Harvard
Read the following excerpts from Bill Gates' speech in his graduation ceremony from Harvard University, and discuss the following questions in groups.
President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, parents, and especially, the graduates:
I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this:“Dad, I always told you I'd come back and get my degree.”
I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next year...and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degrees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me“Harvard's most successful dropout.”I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class... I did the best of everyone who failed.
But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be here today.
Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm life was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyone knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to be the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of validating our rejection of all those social people.
Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improving your odds doesn't guarantee success.
What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much energy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even discouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege...and though I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made, and the ideas I worked on.
But taking a serious look back...I do have one big regret.
I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world—the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn millions of people to lives of despair.
I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing countries.
It took me decades to find out.
You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the world's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope you've had a chance to think about how—in this age of accelerating technology—we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more creative capitalism. If we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are suffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the world to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the people who pay the taxes.
If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generate profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustainable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can never be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the world.1 Bill Gates was called as“Harvard's most successful dropout”. How do you think of his behavior of dropping out of Harvard? Do you think that a person with a special talent can drop out of college as he likes？2 How do you interpret“improving your odds doesn't guarantee success”in Bill Gate's speech?3 What do you think of your college as well as college life? Do you share the same feeling as Bill Gates's towards Harvard?4 What do you think of education equality in China as well as around the world? And what are your proposals to solve education inequality? Do a research about it and hand in your reports in groups.Cultural notesBill GatesWilliam Henry“Bill”Gates Ⅲ (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate, investor, author, and philanthropist. In 1975, Gates and Paul Allen co-founded Microsoft, which became the world's largest PC software company. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of chairman, CEO and chief software architect, and was the largest individual shareholder until May 2014. Gates has authored and co-authored several books.Since 1987, Gates has been included in the Forbes list of the world's wealthiest people and was the wealthiest from 1995 to 2007, again in 2009, and has been since 2014. Between 2009 and 2014, his wealth doubled from US$40 billion to more than US$82 billion. Between 2013 and 2014, his wealth increased by US$15 billion. Gates is currently the richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$85.6 billion as of February 2017. In 2009, Gates and Warren Buffett founded The Giving Pledge, whereby they, and other billionaires, pledge to give at least half of their wealth to philanthropy.Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution. He has been criticized for his business tactics, which have been considered anti-competitive, an opinion that has in some cases been upheld by numerous court rulings. Later in his career, Gates pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill ＆ Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000.Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000. He remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect for himself. In June 2006, Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work, and full-time work at the Bill ＆ Melinda Gates Foundation. He gradually transferred his duties to Ray Ozzie and Craig Mundie. He stepped down as chairman of Microsoft in February 2014, taking on a new post as technology adviser to support the then newly appointed CEO Satya Nadella.Activity 2 A Young Chinese Singer's Speech in UN's ECOSOCWatch the video of Wangyuan's speech in United Nation's ECOSOC and answer the following questions.1 How much do you know about ECOSOC?2 What are the Sustainable Development Goals?3 Have you ever dreamed of the world in 2030? And what is it like?Ⅳ. Read, Think and Speak(4)How to Study, Live and Make the Most of Your Time in College
To help you improve your learning and understanding, and ultimately your grades, it is important to know how to study and live and make the most of your time in college.The value of a schedule
Before you even begin to think about the process of studying, you must develop a schedule. If you don't have a schedule or plan for studying, then you will not have any way of allocating your valuable time when the unexpected comes up. A good, well-thought out schedule can be a lifesaver. It's up to you to learn how to develop a schedule that meets your needs, revise it if necessary and most important, follow it.
All schedules should be made with the idea that they can be revised. A good schedule keeps you from wandering off course. A good schedule, if properly managed, assigns time where time is needed, but you've got to want to do it!
Time is the most valuable resource a student has. It is also one of the most wasted of resources. The schedule you develop should guide you in how to allocate the available time in the most productive manner. Sticking to your schedule can be tough. Don't dribble away valuable time. A good deal of your success in college depends on this simple truth.Thinking critically or creatively
Think critically or creatively. Everybody has thinking skills, but few use them effectively. Effective thinking skills cannot be studied, but must be built up over a period of time. If you're not a good thinker, start now by developing habits that make you ask yourself questions as you read. Talk to other students who you feel are good thinkers.
The SQ3R method has been a proven way to sharpen study skills. SQ3R stands for Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review. Take a moment now and write SQ3R down. It is a good slogan to commit to memory to carry out an effective study strategy.
Survey—get the best overall picture of what you're going to study BEFORE you study it about any detail. It's like looking at a road map before going on a trip. If you don't know the territory, studying a map is the best way to begin.
Question—ask questions for learning. The important things to learn are usually answers to questions. Questions should lead to emphasis on the what, why, how, when, who and where of study content. Ask yourself questions as you read or study. As you answer them, you will help to make sense of the material and remember it more easily because the process will make an impression on you. Those things that make impressions are more meaningful, and therefore more easily remembered. Don't be afraid to write your questions in the margins of textbooks, on lecture notes, or wherever it makes sense.
Read—Reading is NOT running your eyes over a textbook. When you read, read actively. Read to answer questions you have asked yourself or questions the instructor or author has asked. Always be alert to bold or italicized print. The authors intend that this material receive special emphasis. Also, when you read, be sure to read everything, including tables, graphs and illustrations. Often time tables, graphs and illustrations can convey an idea more powerfully than written text.
Recite—When you recite, you stop reading periodically to recall what you have read. Try to recall main headings, important ideas of concepts presented in bold or italicized type, and what graphs charts or illustrations indicate. Try to develop an overall concept of what you have read in your own words and thoughts. Try to connect things you have just read to things you already know. When you do this periodically, the chances are you will remember much more and be able to recall material for papers, essays and objective tests.
Review—A review is a survey of what you have covered. It is a review of what you are supposed to accomplish, not what you are going to do. Rereading is an important part of the review process. Reread with the idea that you are measuring what you have gained from the process. During review, it's a good time to go over notes you have taken to help clarify points you may have missed or don't understand. The best time to review is when you have just finished studying something. Before an examination, do a final review. If you manage your time, the final review can be thought of as a“fine-tuning”of your knowledge of the material. Thousands of high school and college students have followed the SQ3R steps to achieve higher grades with less stress.Taking Notes
Like reading, note-taking is a skill which must be learned and refined. Almost invariably, note taking, or the lack of it, is a constant deficiency in the study methods of many high school and college students. Learning the ingredients of good note-taking is rather easy; applying them to your own situation depends on how serious you are in becoming a successful student. You must learn to keep notes logically and legibly. Remember, if you can't read your own writing a few days after taking notes, they are of little use. Taking accurate and concise lecture notes is essential. Develop the habit of taking notes using appropriate methods described earlier in the SQ3R technique.(5)Campus Life in University
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