高考英语作文工具王(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


发布时间:2020-06-03 21:48:25

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作者:浩瀚

出版社:科学技术文献出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

高考英语作文工具王

高考英语作文工具王试读:

本书导读

同学们,你们是不是经常遇到这种情况:因为写不出英语作文而抓耳挠腮?因为找不到作文素材和给文章提色的句子或语段而苦恼?因为考试作文拉分而垂头丧气?你们是不是也曾这样想:我们汉语作文都写不好,英语作文就更不敢想?为了改变高中生英语作文学习中的这种状况,培养学生的思维能力和思维素质,发展学生的实践能力和创新精神,帮助广大高中生提高英语写作水平,我们特邀长期从事英语教学工作、有丰富经验的教师以及教育专家共同编写了这本《高考英语作文工具王》。

本书具有五大特色:

一、目标清晰

我们的学习要有一定的目标作为指导。了解了教学及考试大纲中对高中英语写作的有关要求及高考评分原则,我们才可以有针对性地来学习作文写作。

二、基础知识丰富,写作技法高明

你了解写作的基本知识吗?作文题目的写法,大写的规则甚至

标点符号的用法

等等,这样的基础知识在我们下笔之前该熟记在心,这样才能减少不必要的扣分。同时,经专家指点,我们总结了“实用技法100例”作为作文指导原则。

三、内容充实“读书破万卷,下笔如有神”,如果你读得多,看得多,心中有句子,自然能出口成章,写起来得心应手。我们的“实战集锦”部分,精心总结了高考作文中各种题材的好词、好句,并汇集了各种题材的优秀作文,相信这种点、线、面的展现,更有助于学生作文水平的提高。

四、贴近高考,重点明确

针对“高考”这一重点目标,我们加重了笔墨。“高考短文写作集粹”全部为历年高考真题,让读者了解高考作文的新动向,并在“模拟考场”下大练兵!

五、形式多样,异彩纷呈

作文中如果能引用一些名人名言、谚语俗语、习语俚语、典故故事等,会使读者及阅卷人眼前一亮,使文章大大增色。我们抓住了这个致胜的法宝,列出了异彩纷呈的“资料文库”。同时也精选了历年高考满分作文及第三届全国中学生创新英语作文大赛优胜作文的好的开篇段、扩展段以及结尾段。“熟读唐诗三百首,不会做诗也会吟”,我们要不断积累好的语句,为自己的写作夯实基础。

六、与众不同

编者在编写本书之前做了大量的市场调研,了解了同类图书的基本框架。在汲取营养的同时,也发现了其他作文类图书或者是例文的罗列和简单的作文评析,或者是单一知识或实用技法的讲解。而我们这本《高考英语作文工具王》是一本名符其实的“工具王”,内容更充实,只要一本书在手,基础知识、实用技法、名言典故、谚语、素材……面面俱全。写作文时再也不用找其他材料了!相信我们的创意和心血定能成为作文类图书编写水平的新标准,激起新一轮作文图书的编写改革!

最需要了解的作文知识

高考写作考核项目及评分要点

1.考核项目

书面表达,高考试卷以地区不同分为25、30、35分不等,占高考总分数很大的比例。要求根据所给情景,写一篇100个单词左右的书面材料;情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等,提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲、短文等。书面表达的要求是:(1)切中题意;(2)语言准确,得当;(3)条理清楚。

高考主要考核六项:

a.写事 b.写人 c.通知

d.写信 e.介绍地方 f.口语化作文

2.评分要素

a.内容要全

b.语言要准确,适当增加复杂结构、新颖词汇和连接词语

c.书写规范

d.十句话左右,控制词数

高考写作改革对考生的新要求

最近几年对于英语作文写作的要求有所变化。以前的作文评分依据是要点和语言准确度,但近几年要求“使用较多语法结构和词汇”,因此要想得高分,除了要点和语言准确度以外,还必须在较复杂的句子结构或较高级的词汇上有所表现。句式单一,缺乏生气的文章,哪怕无任何错误也不可能得高分;相反,“有些错误,但是为了使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”,给分档次仍在最高档。

根据英语《新课程标准》的规定,高中阶段学生英语水平应达到六级至九级要求。对“写”部分的书面表达具体要求是:

六级要求(1)能用恰当的格式写便条和简单的信函;(2)能描述简单的人物或事件,并表达自己的见解;(3)能以小组为单位把课文改编成短剧;(4)能用恰当的语言书写不同的问候卡;(5)能给朋友、笔友写信,交流信息和情感。

七级要求(1)能用文字及图表提供信息并进行描述;(2)能写出常见体裁的短文,如报告或信函;(3)能描述人物或事件,并表达自己的见解;(4)能填写有关个人情况的表格,如申请表、求职表;(5)能做简单的书面翻译。

八级要求(1)能写出连贯且结构完整的短文,叙述事情或表达观点和态度;(2)能根据课文写摘要;(3)能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺;(4)能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告。

九级要求(1)能用英文书写摘要、报告、通知、公务信函等;(2)能比较详细和生动地用英语描述情景、态度或感情;(3)能阐述自己的观点、评述他人的观点,文体恰当、用词准确;(4)能在写作中恰当地处理引用的资料及他人的原话;(5)能填写各种表格、写个人简历和申请书,用语基本正确、得当;(6)能作非专业性的笔头翻译;(7)在以上写作过程中做到文字通顺、格式正确。

英式英语和美式英语的比较

Britian English和American English已被英国人承认是存在的,而且英国人也在学习使用比较简单化的American English。我们在写作时要搞清读者对象,如果是给英国人看,应尽量使用英式英语;而给美国人看时,则要尽量符合美式英语的习惯。下面就简单介绍一下英式英语和美式英语的一些差别,以供参考,其中前者为“美式英语”,后者为“英式英语”:

1.antenna, aerial泛指无线电上使用的“天线”,但antenna远比aerial(或aerial wire)流行。

2.apartment, flat指大厦中的住宅单位,前者也被译为“(住宅)公寓”。不过,东南亚地区目前流行用“座”来表达,故使用flat的机会较多。

3.ash-can, dustbin指垃圾箱。在美式英语中,含有同等词义的还有garbage can和junk-heap,但英式英语则只有dust-bin(或dustbin)。香港目前多用dustbin。但废纸篓的两种称呼分别是waste-basket和waste-paper basket,流行度则似乎相等。

4.automobile, motor-car汽车。美式英语很多时更简为auto,如“车祸”即称为auto accident。两个词的使用度似乎相差不大。

5.baggage, luggage指行李。这两个字都是总称,故此不能说a baggage(或a luggage),而应说a piece of baggage(或luggage),two pieces of baggage等。流行度好像没有多大差别,但要注意:当美国人用luggage的时候,一般是指大的皮箱或皮包。美国人说baggage car(行李车)英国人则说luggage van。

6.bank-bill, bank-note指纸币,钞票。bank-bill是美国人的钞票,但是英国人却用来指“银行与银行之间的汇票”,钞票的叫法以bank-note较为流行。

7.campus, school grounds校园,学校场地。由于美国学生运动近年甚为蓬勃,故此campus一词常见应用,school-grounds则罕有所闻。campus所指的范围包括了整个学校(多指大学)的场地,而非单指花园、操场等开阔的地方。例如campus activities是指大学的“校内活动”,campus building是大学内的建筑群等等。

8.canned goods, tinned goods罐头食品。can和tin是美式英语和英式英语中的同义词,均指保藏预制食物的罐头,tin有时更被音译为:“听”。这两个词同时亦可以作动词使用,解作“把食物装罐”。在使用上,canned goods比tinned goods流行。

9.department store, stores百货公司。美国人口中的store,相当于英国人的shop。百货公司一般规模较普通商店大,分为若干部门(department),故称为department store是很贴切的。这个用词在英国也逐渐流行,代替了英国沿用的stores。

10.drawers, pants内裤。这两个词的用法应特别留意。pants在英国指内裤,但在美国却是长裤(在英国,长裤为trousers)。所以,当一位外国人说pants的时候,你要弄清楚他究竟是英国人还是美国人,不要把内裤变成了长裤。

11.editorial, leading article社论。英式英语中除了leading article外,leader一词也可用来指社论。但现在editorial用得最多,甚至香港的《南华早报》(South China Morning Post)也用editorial来指其社论。

12.gasoline, petrol汽油。gasoline口语中可简写为gas。加油站是gas station(=英petrol station),也可说gasoline station。但是gasoline bomb(汽油弹)却不能说是gas bomb。

13.long-distance call, trunk call长途电话。美式英语的long-distance call词义一看便知,远胜于英式英语的trunk call,自然被多数采用。

14.overcoat, great coat大衣,大氅。两字的通用度差不多,但overcoat似乎稍胜一筹。

15.radio, wireless收音机。原本两词后都有set,即radio set及wireless set,但为了节省,一般都略去。两个词中,当然是美式英语radio流行得多。

16.second floor, first floor二楼。这种对楼宇层数的称呼方法在不少地区造成了很大的不便。以往,许多楼宇按英式英语的叫法,故此问题尚不大。但近年来,不少楼宇使用了美式英语的叫法,因此就产生了混乱。现在一般对人家说第若干层楼时,一定要附带说一声“电梯多少字”,以免误会。

17.soft-drinks, minerals软饮品:指汽水等不含酒精的饮料。美式英语的soft-drinks原来泛指不含酒精的饮料,包括汽水和果汁等,现多用来指汽水,代替了原先的air-ate water。英式英语的minerals由于没有soft-drains那么通行,故此用来指汽水的机会少了,但比较多用来指矿泉水,等于min-eral water。

纵观上述列举的少量例子,可以看出,美式英语(虽然仅列举了一部分单词)在许多地区已逐渐占了上风。

英语形容词的排列顺序

当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词,形容词该如何排列呢?为什么不能说a black new pen,而是说成a new black pen呢?如果你记住Opshacom这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词,就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。

1.Opshacom中op代表opinion,指表示人们观点的形容词,如beauti-ful, horrible, lovely, nice等;

2.sh代表shape,指表示形状的形容词,如long, short, round, narrow等;

3.a代表age,指表示年龄、时代的形容词,如old, new, young等;

4.c代表color,指表示颜色的形容词,如red, black, orange等;

5.o代表origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词,如British, Canadian, Ger-man等;

6.m代表material,指表示材料的形容词,如plastic, metal, aluminum等。

英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列,如:

a nice long new black British plastic pen

当然,实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况,下面就举一些常用的例句:

She has a beautiful brown leather jacket.

她穿着一件漂亮的褐色夹克。

He has a long red American car.

他有一辆长长的红色美国轿车。

They live in a beautiful old house.

他们住在一栋漂亮的旧房子里。

We have a small antique wooden table.

我们有一张古董小木桌。

She has a fabulous new diamond ring.

她带着一只传说般的新钻戒。

It was a lovely old French song.

这是一首有趣的法国老歌。

He owns a horrible big black dog.

他有一只令人害怕的大黑狗。

She bought a gorgeous pink silk scarf.

她买了一条华丽的粉红色丝巾。

I saw a fantastic new British film.

我看了一部新的英国幻想影片。

修辞的效果

修辞(rhetoric)是一门研究语言表达效果的学问。早在古希腊时期,人们就开始注意怎样选用最恰当的语言形式进行交际,以收到最佳交际效果。这就是修辞学的雏形。随着语言的发展,修辞手段得到了广泛的运用。在人们的交际中,由于修辞格的出现,话语更具条理性和说服力,在情感上更能打动听众。在书面语中,修辞占有极其重要的地位。就初学写作者而言,学习和掌握一点修辞知识还是非常必要的。

在作文中,如果遣词造句时注意句子的修辞效果,恰到好处地运用一些修辞手法,能够起到渲染气氛,增加表达力度的作用。

构成一篇好文章的句子不但要求其语法结构合乎规范,而且要求达到一定的修辞效果,即使句子富有表达效果。因此,写作时除适当运用各种修辞手法外,还要考虑以下要素。

1.避免全部用短小的简单句行文

在写作的过程中,要尽量避免全部用短小的简单句行文。现试举一例,以作说明:

Some working women find special ways to cope with resistance from their husbands. Take my mother′s situation.She is a teacher.My father is a fine old Southern gentleman.He is opposed to her teaching.He was raised on old-fash-ioned beliefs.He thinks men should work and women should stay at home.He wouldn’t object to her job if the family needed a second income.We don’t need it.But my mother likes her job and won’t give it up.So they’ve solved the prob-lem by making an agreement.He buys the necessities, and she buys the luxu-ries.

上文是由一系列简短的单句构成的。整段文章显得单调呆板,没有任何特色,更没有突出任何特别的观点。现修改如下:

Some working women find special ways to cope with resistance from their husbands. Take my mother, who teaches, for example.My father, a fine old Southern gentleman, opposes her teaching because he was raised to believe that men should work and women should stay at home unless the family needed a second income.Though our family doesn′t need a second income, my mother likes her job and won′t give it up.To solve the problem, they have agreed that he buys the necessities, and she buys the luxuries.

利用从属关系把短句连接起来,避免了全部用短小简单句行文造成的单调性,改变了简单句单调乏味的表达效果,清楚地说明了句子各部分中相对重要的部分,突出了作者要表达的几个主要观点:

①My father is opposed to my mother’s teaching;

②She likes her job and won’t give it up;

③They have agreed that he buys the necessities, and she buys the luxu-

ries.

2.采用灵活多变的句式行文

在一篇短文中,如果句子的长度和结构过分相似,文章就会显得单调呆板。写作时要使用灵活多变的句式行文,必要时可适当改变某些句子的长度或结构,尽可能地避免用单一的句式。如果文章中大多数句子短小而简单,就需要把某些短句连接起来;如果大多数句子长而复杂,就需要把一些长句拆并,变成短句;如果句子或句子成分结构雷同,就需要换一种表达方式。试比较:

①Ultimately, it is not for our teams, our schools, or our coaches that we players love to score, but for ourselves.

②Ultimately, it is not for our teams, our schools, or our coaches that we players love to score.It is for ourselves.

不难看出,句②中长句和短句之间的对比更加突出了最后一个观点。

适当改变句子的长度和结构,可避免句子或结构的雷同;但是,平行结构等句法结构还是要用的。平行结构是用来加强两个或两个以上成分间的协调性,使句子清楚、优美、对称,增强表达效果。试比较:

①To score is for one shining moment to conquer all frustration.Anxiety has been banished, and we rule the world.

②To score is for one shining moment to conquer all frustration, to banish anxiety, and to rule the world.

取胜的三个作用是一致的,其重要性是同等的,因此句②把三个同等重要的成分变成同样的形式,其表达效果更好。

3.修辞错误分析

修辞是一种较高级的写作手法,只有在具备了扎实的语法知识、充足的词汇量,且掌握了基本的写作技巧之后,才能根据需要运用修辞来突出主题,渲染气氛,增加文章的感染力和表达效果。如果修辞手法运用不当,造成修辞上的错误,则适得其反。现举例说明:

①These cows with big, strong legs are dancing in the field.

本句不恰当地使用了拟人手法。具有粗壮四肢的“牛”在田野里“跳舞”,其形象可想而知。

②He is as wise as a monkey.

本句要表达的意思是“他像猴一样精明”。汉语可以这样说,但英语则不能用“as wise as a monkey”来表达这层意思。在讲英语的国家里,猴子通常被看做是一种普通的动物。应改为:

He is as wise as an owl.

③In“The Dead,”James Joyce uses small talk as an effective weapon to illustrate his thesis.

句中的weapon不能用来说明或反映(reflect)某件事情。应改为:

In“The Dead”,James Joyce uses small talk as a mirror to reflect his the-sis.

④When we tried to get the mayor’s campaign off the ground, we found that his campaign sank in a sea of indifference.

本句的前半部分的基本隐喻是有关飞机起飞的,而后半部分的隐喻却转到轮船的沉没上去了。应改为:

When we tried to get the mayor′s campaign off the ground, we found that the campaign didn′t get up enough speed to become airborne.

造成修辞错误的原因主要在于,作者对各种修辞格的运用没有完全掌握,在写作的过程中对语言环境,中西文化差异重视不够。因此要想学好写作,要注重各方面英语知识的积累。

英语作文题目的写法

题目也叫话题(Topic),题目要写在纸的中间,如果标题过长,就把标题写成两行,第二行比第一行短,写在第一行下方的中部。

例如:

How to Solve the Problem of

Heavy Traffic

其次,要注意题目的大小写。第一个单词的第一个字母和最后一个单词的第一个字母一定要大写。中间的单词除(a, an, the),连词和介词外,其他词都应大写第一个字母。

例如:

误:My best friend

正:My Best Friend

题目不可加下划线,也不可用引号或括号。题目的后面除了问号和惊叹号外,其他符号,如逗号、句号等概不能用。

例如:

误:“Why Do I Like Reading?”

正:Why Do I Like Reading?

误:The Class I Like Best

正:The Class I Like Best

文章的格式

1.第一段第一行须与题目间隔一行或两行。

2.段与段之间间隔一行。每一段首行一定要统一空格,一般是向右缩进三或五个字母的间隔。

3.单词与单词之间须留一字母间隔。

4.句与句之间须留一个字母间隔。

5.如果每行的最后一个字母写不下,最好不要拆字,应把最后一个词移到次一行书写。如不得已要拆字移行时,应按移行规则书写。(1)移行处要用连字符号“-”,只占一个印刷符号的位置并放在该行的最后。(2)单音词不可移行。如:wreck, wrong, grand。(3)阿拉伯数字不分开移行书写。(4)前缀或后缀要保持完整,不可分开写。如:dislike, uncover等。(5)不论音节多少,专有名词不宜分写。

例如:German, China等。

大写的规则

一般来讲,大写规则有以下几点:

1.大写每句话的第一个字母和直接引语的第一个字母。

例如:My name is Zhang Li.

2.专有名词,或用作专有名词的部分普通名词,地名、国名和人名等,第一个字母大写。

例如:English, Beijing, the Great Wall, U.S.A.,Shanghai.

3.人名前的称呼或头衔第一个字母应大写。

Mr Smith, Captain Smith, Governor Peter.

4.文章标题要大写。

5.大写缩写字母:B.S.B.A.M.A.

6.星期,月份名称的第一个字母要大写,但季节第一个字母不大写。

例如:Monday, October, spring.

7.一些大型

节日

名称的第一个实词的第一个字母要大写。

例如:National Day, Women’s Day.

8.由普通名词构成的专有名词词组,除其中的冠词,较短的介词外,每一个词的第一个字母都要大写。

例如:the United State, the Great Wall.标点符号的用法

标点符号有助于明确或强调句子的意思,因此,学会各种标点符号的使用方法对写作来说也是重要的。

1.逗号(,)

逗号表示句子内部的一般性停顿。例如你说下面这句话:

When he came, I was busy cleaning my room.

你说完came后稍停顿了一下,那就是把这个句子写出来时该打一个逗号。但有时由于句子的结构需要也用逗号,即使在没有停顿的地方也一样。(1)在并列句中,连词(and, but, or, for, so, nor, yet)的前面用逗号:

He asked the question in a loud voice, but no one answered.

We were tired, and we decided to have a rest.

Come early, or you′ll miss the show.(2)状语从句或短语(包括介词短语和分词短语)如放在句子的前面,或放在句子中间时,后面应用逗号:

When the bell rang, the teacher dismissed the class.

Born and brought up in the South, she is not used to eating wheat.

主要从句在前,状语从句在后时,一般省去逗号:

He found the document in one of the drawers of his desk.(3)一系列起同样作用的词或短语要用逗号分开:

The little girl likes to sing, to dance, and to act.

She buys bread, butter, vegetable, and many other things from this super-market.(4)非限定性定语从句或短语和句子的主要部分之间要用逗号隔开:

Dr. Li, the new chairman of the department, will speak at the meeting.

An old lady, nodding and smiling, invited me.

限定性定语从句和短语则不用逗号分开:

The young man(who is)talking with the foreign reporters is the inventor of the machine.(5)插入语的前后用逗号分开:

To call a spade a spade, the experiment was a failure.

The director, in fact, has done very little work.(6)写日期时,如次序是月、日、年,在日和年之间加逗号。如次序是日、月、年,则不加逗号:

She was born on May 24,1976.

She was born on 24 May 1976.(7)千以上的数字可以用逗号按千数把数字逗开,也就是从左到右,每三个数字后面加一个逗号:

This factory produced 45,000 bicycles last year.

2.句号(.)

句号表示一句话结束了,是一个句子末尾的停顿,在下列几种情况下使用:(1)句号用在陈述句、语气舒缓的祈使句和间接引语之后:

Every student should learn to use the punctuation marks.

They asked how the semicolon should be used.(2)省略词后面一般加句号:

Mr. Mrs.Ms.Dr.U.S.A.I.Q.p.m.

但现在也有一种趋势,就是在省略词后面不加句号,尤其是在团体、通讯社和广播电台的名称后面:

UN NATO BBC VOA UNESCO

3.分号(;)(1)两个并列从句之间如不用(and, but, or, for, so, yet)等词,则应用分号:

No one is born with knowledge;knowledge must be taught and learned.

If she married that man, her parents would be unhappy;if she left him, she herself would be unhappy.(2)如从句内已有标点,即使句中有连词仍应用分号:

Before he came, we have expected him to help us;but when he was with us, he didn′t do much.

Unfortunately, he couldn′t come;and his absence made things difficult for us.(3)如若干项内已有逗号,可用分号将各项分开:

On the committee are quite a few well-known people;for example, Professor Zhao, Dean of the Normal College;Mr.Han, editor-in-chief of the local evening paper;Miss Xu, a popular actress;and Mr.Hu, Director of the Bureau of Cul-ture.(4)如某一从句带有省略,可用分号把它和别的从句联系起来,省略处有时用逗号标出:

There are four Nobel Prize winner in their university;in our university, none.

4.冒号(:)(1)冒号可引进解释、小结或同位语:

She showed me the books she had just borrowed from the library:two navels by Jane Austen and a book of English literature.

Three causes have been given for the failure:poor planning, insufficient manpower, and the shortage of material.(2)冒号用于引语或陈述句之前:

My grandpa often mentions one saying by Confucius:“To say you know when you know, and to say you do not when you do not, that is knowledge.”

At the meeting they made an important announcement:he would not resign from the committee in two weeks.(3)冒号在记时间时可用来区分小时与分钟,可表示赛事的比分,可在事务性信件中放在称呼之后,可在演讲稿中放在对主席和听众的称呼之后:

The train leaves at 10:45 a. m.

China beat Japan 3:2 in the women′s volleyball tournament.

Dear Mr. Brow:(在个人信件中逗号更常见)

5.问号(?)(1)问号用在直接问句之后,但间接问句后不用问号:

Did you study English literature at college?

Who cleaned the room?

He asked,“Where did you put my dictionary?”

“Where are you from?”she asked.

She asked me where I had put his bike.(2)陈述句和祈使句被用作问句时,句末也用问号:

You cleaned the room this morning?

Five yuan is enough?

Pay ten yuan?(3)一个问号涉及多项时,各项之后皆可打问号:

Did she buy milk?Butter?Beef?Egg?

问号的这种用法表示每个名词之后都有一停顿,从而加重了对各项进行提问的语气。(4)放在括号中的问号表示不能肯定它前面的那个词、数字或日期的正确性:

The author of this strange book was born in 1078(?)and died in 1135. 6.感叹号(!)(1)感叹号用于感叹句以及抒发某种强烈感情的感叹词或短语之后:

Act now or never!

What a beautiful day!

How can you believe that dishonest man′s words!

Help!Help!A boy has fallen into the water!

感叹号应少用。舒缓的不强烈的感叹句之句,不妨用逗号或句号:

“What a nice day,”she said.

Oh, don′t bother about it.(2)有时在表示愿望的口号之后用感叹号:

Long live the People′s Republic of China!

7.引号(“”或‘’)(1)直接引语的两端用双引号(间接引语不用引号),不论是对话还是引文都如此。引语中的引语则用单引号:

“Shall I turn off the radio?”he asked his mother.

“Yes, please,”she answered.

Why did parents permit their children to work in mines and factories?In answering this question, the author says that there was usually nothing else to do,“except to starve.”(直接引用句子的部分成分)“What do you mean by‘evolutionary mechanism′?”one of the studentsasked.(引语中的引语)

下面是一个带间接引语的例子,间接引语不用引号。

The author writes that the reason why parents permitted their children to work in mines and factories was there was usually nothing else to do, except to starve.(2)在打印的文稿中,一段较长的引语各行之间不留空行;两侧都缩进,或只在左侧缩进,引号可用可不用。如引语又分几段,每段的开头和最后一段的末尾可加引号,或都不加。(3)记录两人或更多人的谈话时,每个人说的话以及表示说的动词和有关的描写,不管长短,都应成一段。

“Did you go to the zoo yesterday?”she asked her son, smiling.

“Yes, I did,”he said.“I had a good time there.”

“I am sure you saw the pandas.”

“Of course. But there was such a crowd around them that I couldn′t get close enough to see them clearly,”he said with a sigh.(4)文章、短篇故事、短诗及歌曲等的题目和书中各章节的题目,应用引号标出。但书刊名称应用斜体或下划线标明。

The People′s Daily carries an important article today:“The Present Situa-tion in the Balkans.”

“Life in the Cave,”one of the chapters of My adventures, is very interest-ing.(5)有特殊意义的词有时用引号括起来:

Pointing to a small desk in a corner of the room, he said,“My‘headquar-ter’is there.”(6)引号和其他标点符号配合使用时,美国的通用办法如下:

逗号和句号放在引号之内:

“John,”she said,“I′ve lost my gloves.”

You should read his article on the“New Criticism,”which contains some interesting ideas.

冒号和分号放在引号之外:

First he talked about the“New Criticism”;then he discussed“postmodern-ism.”

This dictionary gives a brief explanation of“postmodernism”:a style of building, decoration, art, etc.,which uses an usual mixing of old and new forms.

破折号、问号和感叹号,如只是和引语有关,放在引号之内;如与整个句子有关,则放在引号之外:

She asked,“What does modernism mean?”

What is the meaning of the“New Criticism”?

“Help!Help!”she cried.

Stop crying“I want it”!

8.圆括号[()](1)圆括号用来表明插入性的、补充性的或注释性的词语:

A PLO(Palestinian Liberation Organization)delegation is to visit China next month.

Bai Juyi(772—846)was a great poet of the Tang Dynasty.

He is teaching two courses(Linguistics and Theoretical Grammar)this se-mester.(2)表明细目的数字或字母一般放在圆括号中:

The word revolution means(1)a great, sudden social and political change by force;and(2)circular movement round a fixed point.

Coordinate clauses are linked by(a)a comma and a conjunction,(b)a semicolon or a colon, and(c)a dash.

9.方括号([])(1)方括号用来标出引语中引用者加的改正或说明部分:

He wrote:“One great poet of the Song Dynasty[Su Shi]said that in Wang Wei′s poetry there was painting and in his painting there was poetry.”(2)如圆括号中还需要用括号,则用方括号:

William Strunk Jr. And E.B.While wrote a very useful little book for students learning to write(The Element of Style[New York:Macmillan,1972]).

10.破折号(——)(1)破折号表示思想的中断或语气的改变:

I went through a lot of terrible ordeals in those chaotic years—but who didn′t?

He might do many good things for the people of the city—if he was elec-ted.(2)破折号表示没说完或被打断的话:

“My idea is—”

“You want to quit, don′t you?”

“This is really—really—disappointing.”(3)破折号也可用来标出插入语:

Three countries—Spain, Italy and Hungary—abstained.

His old problems—such as asthma and high blood pressure—are still wor-rying him.(4)破折号有时在一系列名词之后引出一个总结性的从句:

Poor management, insufficient supply of raw material, and shortage of skilled workers—these were the main causes of the failure of the factory.

Father, mother, John and Susan—all were surprised by my announcement.(5)有些作家在叙述对话时用破折号代替引号:

—Have you seen my hat?

—It′s on the chair over there.(6)破折号有时也用来表明副标题或作者:

The Growth of the Green Parties

—A General Survey

Self-learning should not cease even after graduation, to the issue of self-ed-ucation it does not matter much whether one enters a university or not.—Ye Shengtao

毕了业还得努力自学,永不休歇。在立志自学这个问题上,进不进大学并无不同。——叶圣陶

11.斜线(/)(1)斜线表示两项都可采用,如:

This university provides scholarships and/or loans.

这个大学提供奖学金或者贷款,或两项都提供。

When students meet after the winter vacation, they often ask each other,“How was your vacation/life at home?”(2)在连续地抄写诗句时,可用斜线分开原来的诗行:

In this well-known poem Shelly wrote:“Be through my lips to unwakened earth/The trumpet of a prophecy!Oh, wind,/If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”(3)分数中分子和分母用斜线分开:

A kilometer is 31/50 of a mile.(4)斜线有时表示“每”的意思:

Rent:50 yuan/sq. m.

英语文章的体裁

英语文章一般分为记叙文(narration)、描写文(description)、说明文(exposition)和议论文(argumentation)四种体裁。记叙某个事件或某些相关事件的文章体式称为记叙文;用生动、形象的语言把人物、场景等描绘出来的文章体式称为描写文;说明文则是以说明为主要表达方式,解释、阐述事实、事理,旨在使人“明白事理”的一种文体,以解释、阐述事物的形状、特征、成因、关系、功能、作用为目的;议论文又称论说文,是议论说理的文章体裁,是说明文的延伸,解说事实,论述道理,旨在“以理服人”。不同的文章体裁有不同的写作方法。

应当说明的是,虽然文章按传统分为这四大体裁,实际上却很少有纯粹属于哪一类体裁的文章,因为描写、叙述、说明和议论既可以是一种目的,即写出描写文、叙述文、说明文和议论文,又可用作一种手段。写文章的目的往往不是单一的,而是重叠的。作为手段,它们在写文章表达思想时的使用更不可能受到完全严格的限制。事实上,为了很好地说明问题,描写与叙述都是很重要的手段;在辩论中,说明、描写和叙述都可起到重要的作用。另一方面,在描写与叙述过程中,有时很自然地也会作些必要的说明。因此,了解各种各样的写作体裁,在写作中加以综合运用,将使你的文章水平大为改观。

书信的基础知识

书信一般可分为事务信件或公函与私人信件两大类。英文书信从信封到正文,其写法格式与汉语有很大不同。

1.信封的写法:

收信人的姓名、地址应写在信封的中间偏右的地方;寄信人的姓名和地址写在左上角。先写姓名、职务,单占一行,再写地址。地址顺序由小到大,先写门牌号码,再写街道名称,市(县)名,省(州)名,国名。如有单位名称,放在地址之前。邮政编码通常写在州名后面,地址占几行要视长短而定。

邮票应贴在信封正面的右上角。

航空、挂号或快信可以加注在信封的左下角。

信封格式示例:

如果信件通过邮局寄给第三者转交收信人,则要在收信人姓名下面写明转交人的姓名,其前加C/O(=care of)。

如:

Miss Yi Xu 美国威斯康星州阿特金森堡

C/O Mr. Harold Wood

多斯维尔大街308号

308 Doswell Avenue

哈罗德·伍德先生转交

Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin

徐意小姐收

U. S.A.

2.信文的写法:

英语一般书信分为六个部分(在此做简单介绍,书信的格式还要在本书“实用技法”中进一步讲解):

①信头(Heading),是寄信人的地址及发信日期,写在信纸的右上角。

②收信人姓名及地址(Inside Address),写在左上方(沿信端低一行写)。

③称呼(Salutation),一般用Dear×××。写在收信人姓名、地址下面空两行处,末尾一般用逗号。

④正文(Body of the letter),这是书信的主要部分。正文一般在称呼下两行开始写,每段第一行缩进3~4个字母,其他行与称呼并列。

⑤结束语(Complimentary Close)。结束语相当于中文信中的“此致敬礼”,“××敬上”等等。写在正文最后一行的下面,从信笺的正中处写起,稍向右缩进,第一个字母大写,后面加逗号。

⑥签名(Signature)。寄信人的签名写在结束语下面1~2行处,有时在签名的下面写上寄信人的职称。如果使用打字,一般空出一行再打名字,空行供手写签名用。

以上六部分是书信的主要部分,一般不可缺少。有时在信上下文还要补充些内容,则写P.S.(Postscript)意为“又及”,“再启”。有的信件还有附件,则写Encl.(Enclosure)意为“附件”。这两项内容都写在信纸的左下方。

以上所述,图解如下:

3.关于信件的说明。

①日期的写法应注意以下几点:

·年份应完全写出,如不能以99代替1999。

·月份要用英文名称,不能用数字代替,可用(多数用)缩写式。在正式信件中不可用20/1/06代替Jan.20,2006。

·日期可用1,2,3,4,……等基数词,也可用1st,2nd,3rd,4th,31st等序数词,但最好用基数词,简单明了。

·月份和日期之间不可用逗号隔开,但年份前须有逗号。

日期可有以下几种写法:

Jan. 20.2006(这种写法最为普遍)

20th Jan. 2006

20 Jan. 2006

Jan. 20th,2006

②称呼的写法应注意以下几点:

·称呼语自成一行,从信纸的左边顶格写起,要低于收信人姓名、地址一两行。

·每词的开头字母可用大写,给外籍人士写信,一般用Dear×××。

·在Mr, Ms, Mrs之后要用姓氏,不用名字。

·外事公函中,可用Gentlemen(不用Gentleman),Dear Sir(s)。Gentle-

men前不可加Dear,后面也不可带姓名。用Sir(s)时,前面要有Dear,但也可单独用Sir。

③正文开头要有常用的套语;在写事务信件时,正文一般开门见山,内容简明扼要,条理清楚。

私人信件常用的套语举例:

I′m very glad to hear from you.很高兴收到你的信。

I′m very glad to receive your letter of May 7.

很高兴收到你五月七日的来信。

How are you getting on at school?你最近在学校好吗?

How time flies!

时间过得飞快呀!

I′m pleased to hear that……我愉快地获悉……

正文结尾时,常根据写信的对象及内容写些祝愿语,如:

Best wishes for you.祝你好!

Looking forward to seeing you soon.希望尽快地见到你。

Looking forward to your letter.盼望你的来信。

Do write me often, if you can find time.如有时间,请常来信。

Hoping you will keep fit, study hard and work well.

祝你身体好!学习好!工作好!

④结束语根据不同的通讯关系而不同。

写给亲属或挚友的信一般用:

Yours, Yours ever, Yours affectionately,

您的 永远是您的 您的亲爱的

Your loving son(child, sister, nephew, grandmother)等等。

您的爱子(孩子,姐姐,侄,祖母)

写给一般熟人或朋友的信一般用:

Yours, Yours ever(Ever yours, yours as ever),

您的 永远是您的

Yours affectionately, Yours sincerely,

您的亲爱的 您的真诚的

Always(Sincerely)yours等等。

永远忠实于您的

写给机关、团体或不相识的人的信一般用:

Yours(very)truly, Truly yours,

您的忠实的,

Yours Faithfully Faithfully yours, Yours sincerely等等

您的忠诚的 永远忠于您的

关于通知的基本知识

通知,主要是上级对下级、组织对成员布置工作,传达事情或召开会议所用的一种文体。同级单位有事情要互相讨论或协商,也可能互发通知。从语言表达上看,通知可分为书面通知(Written Notice)和口头通知(Oral Announcement)两大类。书面通知强调语句简练,用词贴切,完全书面化;口头通知比较灵活、简要,用词表达可随便些、口语化。

1.书面通知(Written Notice)(1)正文上面正中处,写标志:Notice,或NOTICE。当发出通知单位的名称写在通知标志前面时,通知单位各字母用大写,则通知标志用NO-TICE;若通知单位名称只有各词的第一个字母大写时,通知标志就用No-tice。标志后可以编号,也可以不编号。(2)正文的右下角是发通知的单位名称。若以文件形式通知,则要把发出通知的单位名称写在正文和通知标志的上面。如果发通知的单位名称已用作正文的开头,最后就不再署名。(3)发出通知的日期一般写在左下角。(4)通知一般含有三点内容:通知事项、时间及地点。通知要求开门见山,简明扼要。要把出席对象、注意事项和要求写清楚。

书面通知又可分为布告式和文件式。一般可采用文件式,为了醒目也可采用布告式。布告式要求简明扼要,一个句子可以写成几行,且尽量写在中间,各行第一个字母一般都大写。(5)发通知的单位和通知的对象一般都用第三人称;如果正文前面已用称呼语,则应用第二人称表示被通知的对象。(6)常用套语:

Notice is hereby given that……特此通知

Readers are requested to note that……请读者们注意……

Under the auspices of Education Bureau,……由教育局主办(主持、主讲)……

A report will be given on English literature by Prof. Yang from Hong Kong University.

来华访问的香港杨教授将作英国文学报告。

……Group takes pleasure in announcing an English Evening to be held in(place)on the(day),the(date)at(time)a. m./p.m.

……组很高兴地通知将于×年×月×日星期×上午/下午×时在××地点举行英语晚会。

Please be there.请准时出席。

……be expected to attend……欢迎光临

Be sure to attend on time.一定准时出席。

Please be present on time.请准时出席。

The meeting will be put off until next month.会议将延期到下周。

2.口头通知(Oral Announcement)(1)口头通知与笔头通知不同,要有称呼用语,称呼语后面用逗号,而且多用一些口头用语。(2)口头通知用An Announcement作为标志,但通常省略不写。口头通知不必说明发出通知的日期和发出通知的人或单位。口头通知常用第二人称表示被通知的对象。(3)常用套语。

称呼语:Ladies and Gentlemen(女士们、先生们),Boys and girls(孩子们),Dear Comrades(亲爱的同志们),Please be quiet, everyone!(大家请安静!)

Be quiet!(请安静!)

Stop talking!(不要说话了!)

Attention please!(请注意!)

May I take your attention, please?(请注意!)

I′ve an announcement to make.我要发布一个通知。

I′ve something important to tell you.

我有些重要的事情告诉你们。

I′m glad to tell you something important.

我很高兴地告诉你们一些重要的事情。

I′ve something to say.我要说点事。

口头通知应有结束语(或套话之类):

That′s all.完了。

Thank you very much.非常感谢。

关于日记的基本知识

日记是用来叙述一天生活中发生的重要事情的文体,特别是那些具有教育意义或值得今后回忆、查阅或参考的事情;其素材应是最有趣或最有感受的一些事情;以记叙文或是简单的议论文为体裁,字数不宜过多。

1.格式:

一般是在左上角记上当天的日期(年、月、日),星期;右上角写上当天的天气情况;下面一行可以写上日记小标题,也可以不写标题。

2.时态:

日记记述的时间,通常是在当天的下午或是晚上,特殊情况下也有在第二天补记的,因此所用时态多为过去时态。但也应灵活掌握,如记叙天气、描写景色,为了描写生动,可以使用现在时,以表现当时的情景。

3.类型:

日记可分记事、议论、描写和抒情等类型。记事型日记,就是记述当天自己生活中所发生的事情。议论型,就是对生活中的某一事情或情况、现象谈自己的看法,发表议论。描写型、抒情型,则是对某人物、事物的特征进行细致的描述,或对某事物抒发自己的感情。

4.说明:(1)有关天气的写法:

Fine

晴朗

Very Fine

Rainy

Cloudy

Snowy

Windy

很热

Very hot

相当暖和

Pretty warm

小雨转多云

A little rain, later cloudy

阵雨

Shower

雷雨

Thundering

浓雾

Dense fog

冰雹

Haily(2)一周的写法:

星期日 Sunday(缩写 Sun.)

星期一

Monday(缩写 Mon.)

星期二

Tuesday(缩写 Tues.)

星期三

Wednesday(缩写 Wed.)

星期四

Thursday(缩写 Thur.)

星期五

Friday(缩写 Fri.)

星期六

Saturday(缩写 Sat.)(3)月份的写法:

一月

January(缩写 Jan.)

二月

February(缩写 Feb.)

三月

March(缩写 Mar.)

四月

April(缩写 Apr.)

五月

May

六月

June(缩写 Jun.)

七月

July(缩写 Jul.)

八月

August(缩写 Aug.)

九月

September(缩写 Sept.)

十月

October(缩写 Oct.)

十一月

November(缩写 Nov.)

十二月

December(缩写 Dec.)(4)节日写法:

圣诞节 Christmas Day

圣诞前夕

Christmas Eve

新年

New Year′s Day

春节

the Spring Festival

三八节

International Women′s Day

五一节

May Day(劳动节)(International Labour Day)

青年节

Youth Day

国际儿童节

International Children′s Day

七一(党的生日)

the Day of the Founding of the Communist Par-ty of China

八一建军节

the Day of the Founding of the P. L.A.

教师节

Teachers′Day

国庆节

National Day

历届美国总统英文名字

在英文写作过程中,特别是在一些有关历史故事的文章中,我们经常会用到一些美国总统的名人佚事作例子,因此,熟知美国历届总统名字的英汉对照对我们的写作也是很有帮助的。

1.乔治·华盛顿

2.约翰·亚当斯

1789—1797 George Washington

1797—1801 John Adams

3.托马斯·杰斐逊

1801—1809 Thomas Jefferson

4.詹姆斯·麦迪逊

1809—1817 James Madison

5.詹姆斯·门罗

1817—1825 James Monroe

6.约翰·Q·亚当斯

1825—1829 John Q. Adams

7.安德鲁·杰克逊

1829—1837 Andrew Jackson

8.马丁·范布伦

1837—1841 Martin Van Buren

9.威廉·H·哈里森

1841 William H. Harrison

10.约翰·泰勒

1841—1845 John Taylor

11.詹姆斯·K·波尔克

1845—1849 James K. Polk

12.扎卡里·泰勒

1849—1850 Zachary Tayor

13.米勒德·菲尔摩尔

1850—1853 Millard Fillmore

14.富兰克林·皮尔斯

1853—1857 Franklin Pierce

15.詹姆斯·C·布坎南

1857—1861 James C. Buchanan

16.阿伯拉罕·林肯

1861—1865 Abraham Lincoln

17.安德鲁·约翰逊

1865—1869 Andrew Johnson

18.尤利西斯·S·格兰特1869—1877 Ulysses S.Grant

19.拉瑟富德·B·海斯

1877—1881 Rutherford B. Hayes

20.詹姆斯·A·加菲尔德1881 James A.Garfield

21.切斯特·A·阿瑟

1881—1885 Chester A. Arthur

22.格罗佛·克里夫兰

1885—1889 Grover Cleveland

23.本杰明·哈里森

1889—1893 Benjamin Harrison

24.格罗佛·克里夫兰

1893—1897 Grover Cleveland

25.威廉·麦金利

1897—1901 William McKinley

26.西奥多·罗斯福

1901—1909 Theodore Roosevelt

27.威廉·H·塔夫脱

1909—1913 William H. Taft

28.伍德罗·威尔逊

1913—1921 Woodrow Wilson

29.沃伦·G·哈定

1921—1923 Warren G. Harding

30.卡尔文·柯立芝

1923—1929 Calvin Coolidge

31.赫伯特·胡佛

1929—1933 Herbert C. Hoover

32.富兰克林·D·罗斯福1933—1945 Franklin D.Roosevelt

33.哈里·S·杜鲁门

1945—1953 Harry S. Truman

34.德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔1953—1961 Dwight S.Eisenhower

35.约翰·F·肯尼迪

1961—1963 John F. Kennedy

36.林顿·B·约翰逊

1963—1969 Lyndon B. Johnson

37.理查德·M·尼克松

1969—1974 Richard M. Nixon

38.杰拉尔德·福特

1974—1977 Gerald Ford

39.吉米·卡特

1977—1981 Jimmy Cater

40.罗纳德·里根

1981—1989 Ronald Reagan

41.乔治·布什

1989—1993 George Bush

42.比尔·克林顿

1993—2001 Bill Clinton

43.乔治·W·布什

2001—现在 George W.Bush

英美政府机构的英文名称

在英文写作中,特别是在新闻报道和政治评论的写作过程中,经常会用到一些英美国家政府机构的名称,因此,熟知它们的英文名称是很有必要的。下面就英美两国的政府机构分别加以说明。

1.英国

Foreign and Commonwealth Office 外交和联邦事务部

The Treasury 财政部

Home Office 内政部

Ministry of Defence 国防部

Department of Education and Science 教育和科学部

Department of Trade and Industry 贸易工业部

Department of Environment 环境事务部

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 农渔业和粮食部

Department of Health and Social Security 卫生和社会保险部

Department of Education and Employment 教育和就业部

Scotland Office 苏格兰事务部

Welsh office 威尔士事务部

Northern Ireland Office 北爱尔兰事务部

Ministry of Posts and Telecommunication 邮电部

Civil Service Department 民政部

2.美国

The Department of States 国务院

The Department of Defense 国防部

The Department of the Treasury 财政部

The Department of Justice 司法部

The Department of Interior 内政部

The Department of Agriculture 农业部

The Department of Commerce 商业部

The Department of Labor 劳工部

The Department of Health&Human Service 卫生和公众事务部

The Department of Housing and Urban 住房和城市发展部

The Department of Transportation 交通部

The Department of Energy 能源部

The Department of Education 教育部

写作中常用到的著名美国影片

根据美国国家保护法而成立的国家电影保护委员会经过三年的努力,从已出版发行的众多影片中筛选出25部著名影片,作为美国电影事业继往开来的典范。在写一些文艺性文章时,我们会时不时地引用到它们。下面,我们就将这25部影片按片名的英文字母顺序排列如下:

1.The Best Years of Our Lives《黄金时代》1946

2.Casablanca《卡萨布兰卡》或《北非谍影》1942

3.Citizen Kane《公民凯恩》1928

4.The Crowd《群众》1928

5.Dr.Strangelove《密码一一四》1964

6.The General《大将军》1927

7.Gone With the Wind《乱世佳人》又名《飘》1939

8.The Grapes of Wrath《愤怒的葡萄》1940

9.High Noon《正午》1952

10.Intolerance《党同伐异》或《忍无可忍》1916

11.The Learning Tree《学习树》1969

12.Maltese Falcon《马耳他之鹰》1941

13.Mr.Smith Goes to Washington《民主万岁》1939

14.Modern Time《摩登时代》1936

15.Nanook of the North《北方的纳努克》1921

16.On the Waterfront《在江边》1954

17.The Searcher《搜索者》1956

18.Singing in the Rain《雨中曲》1952

19.Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs《白雪公主》1937

20.Some Like It Hot《热情似火》1959

21.Star Wars《星球大战》1977

22.Sunrise《日出》1927

23.Sunset Boulevard《夕阳林荫道》1950

24.Vertigo《眩晕》1958

25.The Wizard of Oz《绿野仙踪》1939

实战集锦

一、记叙文

难忘经历

好词

recollection回忆;追忆

amusement乐趣;娱乐活动

to one′s horror使某人感到恐怖的是

informative知识性的

drowsy昏昏欲睡的;催人入睡的

dead end死胡同

scare惊吓

charity慈善机构

volunteer志愿者

benefit获益

set off出发

mature成熟的

balmy有香气的;芬芳的

horrible可怕的

dawn拂晓;清晨

scenic风景优美的

local当地的

considerate体贴的

task工作

shortcut近路;捷径

rewarding有报酬的

fairy tale神话故事

happen发生

deserted无人迹的;荒凉的

hospitality好客;热情招待

hope希望

unluckily不幸地

panic恐慌

好句

Soon the nightingale is pouring out its wonderful song.

很快,夜莺尽情地唱起它那美妙的歌。

The little brown bird sings away in the roads and woods.

在公路边的树林深处,到处都有夜莺在歌唱。

It is at night, he has the field all to himself.

正是在夜晚,田野只属于他自己。

We hear the nightingale at his best.

我们听见夜莺正在尽情地歌唱。

The fields are yellow with wheat.

麦田一片金黄。

Volumes of smoke are rising in the air.

成团成团的烟升上天空。

The room is thick with smoke.

房间里浓烟滚滚。

On the way back home, we were tired.

回来的路上,我们都很累了。

It was after dark when we got back, and we were all tired.

我们回来时都已经很晚了,而且我们都很累。

I feel so happy that I can′t say a word.

我高兴得说不出一句话。

She brings happiness to our family since she comes.

她来后给我们家带来了幸福。

She shows more concern for my study and life at school.

她对我在学校的学习和生活给予了很大的关注。

I didn′t realize the time had passed so quickly.

我没有意识到时间过得这样快。

I′ve got a lot of things to do before I can leave.

走之前,我有很多事情要做。

It′ll take almost all my savings to buy the ticket.

买这张票,几乎花费了我所有积蓄。

A strange thing happened to me this morning.

今天早上我身上发生了件奇怪的事。

I was crossing the street and was almost hit by a car.

我穿过马路时差点被车撞伤。

Fortunately, I jumped back in time to avoid being hit.

幸运的是为了躲避被撞伤的危险,我往后跳了一下。

It was a terrible experience, and I won′t forget it.

真是个令人害怕的经历,我不会忘的。

好段

A Moving Incident

O n the late evening of January 20th, my mother and I sent my two-year-old sister to hospital.The road was quite slippery because of the falling snow.We waited for a bus for a long time, but it didn’t come.We were all shivering with cold.We had to give up.

While we were walking along the street, a car stopped beside us suddenly. The young driver said to us,“I have a child, so I understand how difficult it must be for you to take the child out in such bad weather.”

Then he asked us where we should get off. We arrived at the No.43 bus stop in Dongdaqiao, where the bus might take us to the hosptal.It happened that a bus was just leaving.So he drove to the next stop to catch the bus.

We got on the bus quickly. But there was no time for us to say goodbye.However, I was deeply moved.

I′ll never forget the kind man.

An Unforgettable Accident

I t was a rainy and windy morning. I was on my way to school.A little school boy came out of a house.He walked hurriedly along.When he passed me, I heard him reciting the multiplication tables.He didn′t look around before crossing the street.I shouted at him to stop.But it was too late.The car ran straight towards him.He was knocked down.

I ran towards the boy, crying for help. But the driver of the car continued his journey, without a further look at the dying boy.

The police arrived and began to investigate. I had witnessed the accident, but did not have a look at the licensed number of the car.So they let me off to class.

Though many years have passed, it has remained in my memory.

A Regretful Experience

W hen I was in grade two, my desk mate Hong and I quarreled over a small thing. When school was over, she went out of the classroom without say-ing a word with me.I was angry about it.At this time, I saw her homework, a beautiful picture, for the drawing lesson was lying on the teacher’s desk.My an-ger and jealousy drove me to scribble a few lines on her picture.That noon I worried about it very much.I was afraid that what I did was found by others.Nothing happened until the day of our drawing lesson.That day, when our home-work was distributed, I peeked at Hong’s picture.“Fail!”a voice was shouting in my heart.Looking at Hong who was leaning over the desk and sobbing, I didn’t know whether I should be happy or sad.The unhappiness between Hong and me passed quickly.Several days later, we were on good terms again.Al-though I kept it as a secret, I always felt sorry for what I did to her no matter when I thought of it.

Where Are My Glasses?

I have been wearing glasses for several years. However at beginning, it took me so many days to get accustomed to it.I still remember a funny experi-ence I ever had.

One morning, I got up late. After eating breakfast, I found that I didn′t wear the glasses.So I looked for them everywhere.In the dresser, on the desk, on the bed……Was it lost?“Mom, do you see my glasses?I can not find them,”I said.“Your glasses?Haha!”Mother laughed.“Why do you laugh?”I felt very strange.“Look into the mirror.They are on your nose.”

My Father

T hree years ago, when I first went to Lianyun Harbor to continue study, I felt helpless.

One day, to my surprise, I found my father standing at the dormitory gate and looking at me. In his eyes, I found the warmth and loving care of a father.The dark clouds that overshadowed my mind disappeared and I became confi-dent.

When he left, he took out some money and gave it to me. I knew that the money must have been saved coin by coin, for it consisted of much smallchange.Just before he left, he suddenly found that one button in my coat was loose, and insisted sewing it for me.While sewing, he said something to me, but I could hardly hear anything for I was crying.All I could remember was the love and care in his eyes.

An Unforgettable Experience

L ast summer holiday, my mother and I went to seashore for a visit. One morning, I walked along the beach alone.Suddenly, I found a little girl in a shabby shirt following me. Then I stopped my feet, and she stopped too, looking at me.Soon, she came over, and stood right in front of me.She held out her right hand and opened her palm—there was a beautiful pearl necklace.I liked it, but I remembered my mother had already bought several such necklac-es for me, so I said to her,“I’m sorry, I won’t buy it, because I have already bought one of this kind.”

That little girl looked at my eyes and said pitifully,“This one is for you. I only need some money to buy a pencil.”When I heard this, I didn′t know what to say.I searched in my bag, and tried to find some money.I wanted to give it to the girl if I could find some.It′s a pity I couldn′t find any money, but only a piece of bread.I gave it to the poor girl, and she wolfed it down.

After she ate it up, she was ready to leave. But she put the necklace into my hand before she went away quickly.I held the necklace and looked at the lit-tle back of the little girl disappearing in the distance.I was very sorry I couldn’t do anything to help her.But I hope she can have a pencil for herself soon.

A Film Ticket Given to Me by a Boy

O ne day, when I was on my way home. I suddenly heard a cry behind me.I turned around and saw Wang Hai, one of my classmates, running after me.So I stopped walking on.He came up to me and said.“Hey, here′s a film ticket for you.The film will be shown this evening, Remember to go to the cinema on time.Good-Bye!”He ran away whistling.I was so surprised that I stood there for a long time.After all, it was the first time I was invited to see a film by a boy!Should I go or not?What on earth did he want to do?The more I thought about it, the more worried I became.At last.I decided not to go.But that evening I was nervous.I was afraid something would happen.

The next morning when I entered the classroom, Liu Ying, my good friend, came up to me.“Why didn′t you go to see the film?Were you ill last night?All of us went to see it except you.”“What?All of you?Do you mean all of the class?”“Of course. It′s a wonderful film!”I suddenly realized how foolish I was.“Oh, I was ill, and I was really ill.”

I′ll never forget the first film ticket given to me by a boy!

What Happened on a Snowy Evening

A t ten o′clock I came out of my friend′s house. It was very cold and the road was covered with snow.

Suddenly I saw a woman fall off her bike. She couldn′t get up.I ran up to her at once and helped her to sit up.She said that her left leg was broken.I was worrying about her when a young man came over.He called a taxi.I took her to the nearest hospital.Then I asked her for her family telephone number and tele-phoned her family about the matter.Seeing the lady was well looked after, I said good-bye to her.

I feel it my duty to help others. I do hope the lady will soon get well.

人物故事

好词

father父亲

fatherly慈父般的

fatherhood父亲的身份

mother母亲

motherly慈母般的

motherhood母亲的身份

son儿子

daughter女儿

daughterly女儿般的

brother兄弟

brotherly兄弟般的

sister姐妹

sisterly姐妹般的

paternal像父亲的

maternal似母亲的

fraternal友爱的

filial孝顺的

好句

I think I have a good Sunday, for I see my father′s smile.

我觉得星期天我过得非常愉快,因为我看到了爸爸的笑容。

Although my family is not rich, we love and care each other.

尽管我的家庭不是很富有,但我们彼此之间互相关心爱护。

It is said that beauty is not the thing that life lacks but discovery.

据说生活中不是缺少美而是在于发现美。

I believe if I can make others happy I will be truely happy.

我相信假如我能让别人幸福,我就会真正幸福。

On my way back home I feel the warmth in my heart.

在我回家的路上我心里感到了温暖。

Her smile often makes me better.

她的微笑常常使我感到心情好多了。

He brings out a bouquet of flower from behind.

他从后面拿出一束花。

He was all talk and no deed.他光说不做。

He came back a changed man.

他回来时完全变了一个人。

He is all fire and fight.

他怒气冲冲,气势汹汹。

My heart warmed at the sound of it.

我一听,心里热乎乎的。

She opened her mouth as if she were going to speak.

她张开嘴,好像要说什么似的。

My gratitude is beyond my power of expression.

我的感激之情非言语所能表达。

That must have been hard on the parents.

这可苦了做父母的了。

好段

On the Way to School

I was on the way to school at 1:00 p. m.today when I met with a young A-merican couple.They looked worried, so I went up to them and asked if they’d like any help.They told me that they wanted to go to the railway station, but they didn’t know the way.Hearing this, I offered to lead them there.They were so thankful to me that they said“thank you”again and again and I felt very happy.But when I arrived at the school, I found myself late for class.I had to explain what had happened to my teacher.She said I had done a good deed and praised me.

A Beautiful Blanket

M r. Day was on holiday.He was staying in a small town.One sunny morn-ing he went to the market, and saw a beautiful blanket there.The town was famous for blankets.The blanket Mr.Day saw was very big, and full of rich colours.He looked at it for a long time, but went away.The next day he passed and saw it again.He asked the price.

“This one, sir?This ia a very special blanket,”said the man.

“Yes, but how much is it?”

“It′s a special one, sir, so it is not cheap. It′s beautiful, isn′t it?”

“Yes, it′s very beautiful, but……?”

“It is also very old. It belonged to a great man many years ago.So I can′t sell it cheaply.”

“No. How much is it?”Mr.Day asked again.

“A beautiful, old blanket, sir. And it is also a magic blanket.A magic flying blanket.A man came this morning and offered me five hundred pounds for it.”

“Oh.”said Mr. Day.

“But I like you, sir. You are a very nice gentleman.I will sell it to you.Five hundred and fifty pounds.”

“No,”said Mr. Day.“Here′s my address.Fly over on the blanket.I′ll pay you when you arrive.”

Mr Childhood

T o most of us, sweets are the memories of childhood. Surely it is impossible for me to recall all the past, but I can assure you that my childhood is a pleasant one.

I still remember my parental love. I was the most favorite of my family be-cause I was the only child.

When I was in kindergarten, I was very popular with my playmates because of my naughtiness. Once I made an arrow, with which I hurt one of my playmates and received scolding from my father afterwards.

Gradually when I grew up, my parents dare not allow me to play outside. But when they have time, they brought me out, sometimes to the movies, some-times to the park.Perhaps some of you may feel astonished that my parents did take me to swim.My father often told me that if I wanted to grow up to be a strong man, I should learn swimming.Thanks to my father, that is why I am a healthy man now.

I loved to be with my parents;but as a little boy, I preferred to be with my classmates more. So sometimes, after school I hid myself from my mother, who was waiting in the school to bring me home.She often scolded me, but never too severely.

Perhaps, my childhood was not remarkable in any way. I do think it is one of the best years of my whole life.

Mum Was Crying

M um was crying, and her eyes were full of tears. When I got up yesterday morning, I didn′t feel very well.And some-thing was wrong with my eyes.I have also got a bad stomachache.After a while, I lost consciousness.

When I woke up, I felt a drop of tear fall on my lips. I opened my eyes and found I was in my mother′s arms.“What′s wrong with you, mum?Why are you crying?”I asked.“Oh, dear!You′re awake at last.”Then a doctor came in.He examined me carefully.“Take it easy.She has got a bad cold.Take some medi-cine, and she will be OK,”he said.Hearing these words, Mum smiled.

My lovely Nephew

M y nephew, fat and white, looks like an angel. He is only twelve months old.He is so lovely that we all love him.

My sister brings him to our family once a week. At the moment we do noth-ing but serve him.Indeed my little nephew has brought us great pleasure.

He is growing fast. Now he can walk with the help of us.But soon it seems that he is tired of being supported.He started to stumble along by himself.I re-member one day when he pronounced the sound“mama”for the first time.How happy we were!This was the very sound that his mother had been waiting for.

A Classmate I Felt Sorry For

L i Hua was my classmate in the primary school. I didn′t know why I dis-liked her very much.One day on my way home she caught up with me and said,“Afang, our teacher wants you back for a while.”I did not believe her and said,“Don’t make trouble for me!”Next day when I got to school, our teacher Miss Liu asked me,“Why didn’t you come back yesterday?”I told a lie,“I didn’t know you wanted me.”Miss liu sent for the girl and asked her.Li an-swered,“I’m sorry, Miss Liu, but I couldn’t catch up with him.”I was surprised.I suddenly realized how pretty she was.I have felt guilty for this ever since.

Thank you, Miss Zhan

O ne morning, I found a love letter lying on my desk. I was struck dumb with fear at that moment.I was deep in thought.Suddenly I thought of my class teacher.She often said to us,“I′ll be a friend of yours.If you have any trouble, I′ll do my best to help you.”Yes, she was then the only person who could understand me.

At noon, I gave the letter to my teacher and asked her for advice. She prom-ised not only to help me in the class meeting of that day, but also to keep the se-cret for me.

In the class meeting, the teacher asked the monitor to read an article which said that the middle school students were forbidden to be in love. After class, on my way home, our monitor appeared in front of me and said,“I′m sorry.It′s mewho has written the letter.”

Oh!My teacher had recognized his handwriting and made a clever arrange-ment.I said to myself,“Thank you, my teacher!”

Teacher′s Pointer

W hen the new maths teacher came into the classroom, he brought a teacher′s pointer in his hand. Upon seeing the pointer, I seemed to hear the noisy sound made by the beating of the pointer on the blackboard.The former maths teacher had a pointer too.She always beat it on the blackboard when she shouted at us.In just one term, she broke three pointers.

I thought the new teacher′s pointer would not be used long. But unexpected-ly the new teacher never beat it on the blackboard.On the contrary, pointing the maths problems with the pointer, he explained them very patiently to us.After his explanation the maths problems become easy to understand.

童年记事

好词

baby carrier童车

childhood童年

fairy tales童话

dress童装

virgin童贞的

presidential统辖的

amusement乐趣,娱乐活动

drowsy昏昏欲睡的

balmy有香气的,芬芳的

recollection回忆,追忆

好句

My childhood has gone and can never come back.

我的童年已逝,永不能回转。

I always remember the days when I lived with her.

我总是想起和她相处的日子。

What do you want to be when you grow up?

你长大了想干什么?

Work hard and your dream will come true.

努力学习,你的梦想会实现的。

Many things flashed through my mind.

很多往事在我脑海中闪现。

The past bubbled in his mind.

过去的事在他脑海中翻腾。

Memories crowded on my mind.多少往事涌上心头。I have many happy remembrance of our days together.

我有许多对我们共处时光的愉快回忆。

The incident waked memories of his schooldays.

那件事唤起了他对学生时代的回忆。

Happiness is all around us, but it often comes in small grains.

幸福就在我们周围,但它常常来自于十分细小的事物。

I started primary school when I was six years old.

我六岁时上的小学。

When she learnt that I was thinking of my parents, she would comfort me gently.

当她知道我想我的父亲时,她就温柔地安慰我。

好段

My School Life

I still remember the day when I first went to school at the age of six, happy and excited. In my eyes, all the things on the campus were so wonderful that the school was simply a“beautiful garden”to me.My childhood′s dream had come true.

How time flies!Now I have been at school for nine years. Every morning I get up early.On my way to school, the rising sun greets me with a smile.In class I enjoy reading aloud, answering questions and listening to the lessons.In the evening, I do my homework, feeling like a farmer working hard in his fields, ex-pecting to have a good harvest.

We have many subjects to learn, so we are very busy. During the break, I often go out for a rest in front of the classroom building, talking with my friends or looking into distance.The blue sky, the white clouds, the flying birds……all the things around me make me happy.What a happy life we have at school!

A Pleasant Memory of My Childhood

I am eighteen years old now, but the recollections of the fun and amuse-ments like a sweet dream always come to me.One Sunday, our family went to climb the beautiful Sishuan Hill.My father told my elder sister and me that the first one who got to the top would be given a toy.We jumped with joy.We started to run up.At first I took the lead.A few mi-nutes later I was breathless and my sister was ahead of me.The soft masses of the waving grass, and the drowsy, balmy air all sent their warm invitation to me to rest.But I followed my thirst for the toy and continued climbing.At last I reached the top first.

There we enjoyed the fascinating view and had a picnic. At about two o′clock we danced our way down the hill with joy in our hearts, and I felt happier than the others because I got a toy train.

Doing Favors Can Be Dangerous

I was in the eighth grade at the time, and we were having a final test. Dur-ing the test, the girl sitting next to me whispered something, but I didn’t understand.So I leaned over her way and found out that she was trying to ask me if I had an extra pen.She showed me that hers was out of ink and would not write.I happened to have an extra one, so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk.

Later, after the last papers had been turned in, the teacher asked me to stayin the room when all the other students were dismissed. As soon as we were a-lone she began to talk to me about what it meant to grow up;she said how impor-tant it was to stand on your own two feet and be responsible for your own acts.For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized the fact that when people do something dishonest, they are cheating themselves.She made me promise that I would think seriously about all the things she had said, and then she told me I could leave.I walked out of the room wondering why she had cho-sen to talk to me about all those things.

Catching the Thieves

W hen I was only 12 years old, one day, it was so hot that my parents both went to Chang Li Park to enjoy the shade. Then I remembered I had for-gotten to bring my dictionary with me, so I returned for it.

Reaching my home, I noticed one of the windows wide open.“My parents are not at home. Who can it be?Perhaps it is a thief.”I wondered, full of fear.I walked carefully to the window and looked through it.Good heavens!Two strangers were trying to open a case!I was so frightened at the sight that I couldn′t move an inch or say a word, even dared not to have a breath.“What shall I do?”

Suddenly, an idea lighted in my mind. I left there in silence, without being noticed.Then I ran to the nearest telephone office as fast as possible, reaching there quite out of breath.I phoned the police for help.

Three minutes later, a car appeared. No sooner had the car stopped than out of it came the three policemen, guns in hands.They surrounded the room in no time.The two thieves were trying to escape, but it was too late.

The Fight With the Crabs

S ome animals look very interesting and lively. But if you make them angry, they will fight with you.That′s the case with the crabs.

It was several years ago, when I was twelve. During a holiday, Father brought back a bag of crabs from market Lake.He said he would cook them for my brothers and me.Oh!The crabs looked so lively.They must be delicious.But my two little brothers couldn′t wait to play with them.So they took them out of the big bag.Oh!My God!All of them got out, and ran so fast that I couldn′tcatch them.Some of them crawled under the cupboards, others went out of the room into the garden and two of them hid among the stones.The old people were all frightened, but my brothers and I jumped up, looking very excited.But we had to find all of them before dinner, because they must be on our dinner table that evening.So a fight between men and crabs began.

We found all kinds of tools to catch the crabs. For example, sticks, nets and so on.The crabs in the room were caught with nets easily.But the two big ones in the garden were difficult to catch.We used the sticks to drive them out of the holes, but they were indomitable.They used their big pincers to resist.Little brother was so angry that he pushed the stick into the hole.“ka……ka……”The two big crabs scrambled out, leaving two legs behind.We were successful.In the evening, we had a wonderful dinner.But after two days, trouble came.A strange smell came from the cupboard.Oh!Two crabs had died in the cupboard.How could they have gotten into the cupboard?Nobody knows.

Experience as a Shop-assistant for Foreigners

A few years ago, when I was a pupil, my teacher gave me a chance to go to the Children′s Palace to be a shop-assistant serving the foreign friends from the USA, Britain, Japan and other countries.I thought it was a very good chance for me to practise English.So I accepted it.

The teachers of the Children′s Palace asked me to work there every Tuesday afternoon.

Once, an old American lady with her little granddaughter came to my counter and asked for some handicraft articles. It was difficult to talk with the old lady without an interpreter.I tried to make myself understood with the little English I had learnt in my English lessons.Finally I understood that she wanted to buy her granddaughter a special present.There were some little woolen chicks, some pencil sharpeners, and souvenir badges.But I did not think they were special.Suddenly I saw an elegant golden abacus.The abacus is the earli-est calculator in the world, and it was invented by the Chinese people.I thought the abacus was a special thing the lady might want.Then I put it on the counter.I poked one of the small golden balls on the abacus, and said,“one,”I poked another,“two,”……At last when I counted up to ten, the little girl cried,“It’s interesting!Granny, I want it,”The old lady bought the abacus with a smile.The little girl was very happy.So was I.I did my first, and a special, busi-ness in my life.

游览记事

好词

sightseeing tour;tourist travel观光旅行

extensive tour扩展游

foreign travel国外旅行

pleasure sea excursion海上游览

overseas travel海外观光

luxury tour豪华旅游

boating excursion划船旅游

round-the-world air

tour环球航空旅行

holiday travel假日旅游

package tour交通食宿全包式旅行

outing郊游

rapid travel快速旅行

cheap excursion廉价短途游览travel programme旅行计划

land travel陆上旅行

distance of travel旅程

travelling expenses旅费

traveller′s note旅途见闻

layover旅行逗留时间

travelogue旅行观感演说

itinerary旅行路线

journey′s end旅行目的地

好句

He who doesn′t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

不到长城非好汉。

Today it has become a place of interest to the people all over the world.

今天它已成了全世界人民的游览胜地。

Summer is a season for swimming and sight-seeing.

夏季是游泳和观光的季节。

The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.

看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令我特别神往。

I have a strong attachment to every tree and bush in my hometown.

我对家乡的一草一木都怀有深厚的感情。

After climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb.

爬过一座高山之后,你会发现还有更多的山在等你去攀登。

Almost all our public buildings are worth seeing.

我们的公共建筑大都值得一看。

The great attraction for visitors is the National Gallery.

最吸引来访者的就是国家美术馆。

I didn′t expect Tianjin would be so beautiful a city.

我真没想到天津竟是这么美丽的一座城市。

This is a land of beauty, and it always catches the fancy of visitors.

这是个美丽的地方,总是深受来访者的喜爱。

Guilin is famous for its scenic beauties.

桂林以风景优美著称。

I′d say this is the most beautiful place I′ve ever seen.

应该说,这是我所见过的最美丽的地方。

Anyhow there is nothing really old here.

不管怎么说,这儿没有真正古老的东西。

How′s it stayed so perfect?

它怎么才保存得如此完整无缺呢?

The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing.

天气晴朗,吹来阵阵清风。

The sun rose and bathed the earth in its glow.

太阳升起,灿烂的阳光沐浴着大地。

The beautiful scenery was laid out before the travelers when they reached the top of the hill.

当游客到达山顶时,美丽的景色便展现在眼前。

I have never seen anything so beautiful.

我从未见过这么美丽的景色。

The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.

这个地方的美丽景色非我所能描述。

好段

An Outing

T oday some of my old friends and I went to the West Lake for an outing. It′s several years since we went there.Great changes have taken place there.Boating on the lake, we found the water much cleaner than before.In some places we even saw grass growing on the bottom of the lake.Besides, we found more flowers and taller trees, and clearer roads and so on.Today people take more care of places of interest because our country has started to prevent pollu-tion.So I think if we are determined to keep on, the West Lake will be come e-ven better one day.And certainly more and more Chinese and foreign visitors will go there.

A Spring Outing

L ast Thursday we went to Changshan for our spring outing. We reached the foot to the hill at 9 a.m..After having a short rest, we began to climb.There was no road but stones and bushes.We had to make a way by ourselves.

With the help of the grass, we moved on. While walking, the strong students helped the weak ones.After some time, we were all tired.How we wanted to have a rest, but we couldn′t stop, we walked on.At last, we got to the top of the hill.

On the top of the hill, we laughed and jumped. It seemed that we were the happiest people in the world.We took some photos there, and then sat down and had something to eat.

At 3 p. m.,we began to go down.We wished the spring of our country would be with us forever.

Visiting the Great Wall

T here is a famous saying:“He who doesn′t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.”This morning my father and I got up early to visit the Great Wall. We went there by car.

On our way to the Great Wall, we saw many tall buildings on both sides of the road.

About two hours′drive brought us to the Great Wall. When the Great Wall appeared in front of us, we couldn′t help crying,“What a wonderful sight it is!”When we walked on the Great Wall we felt very proud because it′s the longest wall in the world.Today it has become a place of interest to the people all over the world.

After visiting the Great Wall, I′ve made up my mind to study harder than ever.

Going to Shanghai Beach

W hen I was on summer vacation, my parents took me to Shanghai. I was deeply impressed by the beautiful beach there.That afternoon, we went to the beach where there was a colorful spray.I was surprised and asked my father why the spray was colorful.He said,“Look, there was some lights with different colors.”On each side of the spray, there was a pine tree.They looked like two soldiers guarding the flag.In front of us was the famous TV tower.We couldn′t help sighing for its grace.Sitting in the golden beach, looking far at the wide sea where some small ships were sailing, I was attracted a lot.If I have another chance, I will come here to revisit the beautiful Shanghai beach.

My First Trip to Pang Quangou

I went to Pang Quangou with my classmates two year ago. We spent two days there.What impressed me was climbing the mountain.It was late spring.The weather in the mountain was very cold.The moun-tain was covered with little snow.After we saw the rare animals, we began to climb the mountain according to our plan.The mountain was so steep that we could hardly climb to the top of the mountain.In the process of climbing, I was too tired to go on climbing.But when I saw other students trying their best to climb, I made up my mind to be the first to climb to the top.Then I picked up abranch of a tree to support myself.We all did our best to finish our takes.Un-luckily, I slipped on the snow.At the critical moment, a student helped me so I would not fall off the mountain.Other students came over and helped too, and encouraged me to continue climbing.With their help, I finally climbed to the top of mountain.

I was very happy because this is my first experience of climbing the moun-tain.Meanwhile, I understood that we should help each other when we are in trouble.This trip was over, but it encouraged me to overcome the difficulties.

Trip to Japan

L ast summer vocation, my parents and I went to Japan. The beauty of the country has made a deep impression on me.

Japan is made up of a group of islands. Lying in the Pacific Ocean, it is also called The Land of the Rising Sun.Another name for Japan is Nipon, which in the Japanese language means“the place where the sun comes from”.

Japan is a beautiful country, covered with many tiny rivers and high mountains. Japan is also a pleasant country, known as“the land of the cherry blossom”.In the spring, when the cherry trees are in bloom, the country is filled with fragrance of flowers.There are hundreds of different kinds of wild flowers.

In Japan, gardens are everywhere. Where there are no natural gardens, the Japanese have made their own.Because the island is hilly, there is a great short-age of soil, and every bit of land is well used.Every home has its own garden.Small as it is, Japan is really worth visiting.

幽默与滑稽故事

好词

rush hour(大城市上下班时的)拥挤时刻;

高峰时刻

Grand Central Termi-

nal铁路、公路的终点站

好句

sprint以全速缩短距离

composure泰然自若

come upon偶遇,等于

Number One第一;一号

incredible难以置信的;不可思议的

target固定目标

jungle丛林,密林

vein静脉

enormous巨大的;庞大的

bound跳

rifle步枪

toss扔

“Aha!”thinks the taxi driver,“Here′s an opportunity to make up for the rest of this bad day.”“这下好了!”司机心里盘算着,“这是个机会,跑它一趟就能够补上这倒霉的一天的损失。”

When the taxi driver hears that, his hopes of a profitable trip vanish.

司机一听,心就凉了半截。

One day two scientists are talking in a lab.

一天,两个科学家在实验室中谈话。

Naturally intrigued, the second scientist asks for a demonstration of this a-mazing discovery.

很自然,第二个科学家听了十分好奇,于是请第一个科学家展示一下这个令人惊奇的发现。

The farmer said that he would allow the hunting in his fields, If the hunter would do him a favor.

农场主对猎手说,倘若他能帮自己一个忙,他就允许在他的田地里打猎。

He turned around and spotted his son, who yelled,“You got the horse. I got his dog and cow.Now, let′s get out of here!”

他扭过头,看到他的儿子大声地朝他喊道:“你打死了他的马,我打死了他的牛和狗。现在让我们离开这儿。”

BOOM!The surgeon lowered his smoking gun and turned nonchalantly to the pathologist beside him,“Go and see if it is a duck, okay?”“嘣”一声枪响,外科医生放下枪口还在冒烟的猎枪,扭过头,面无表情地对在身边的人说:“去看看是不是一只野鸭,可以吗?”

好段

Write Your Name Backwards

T he other day a man named William Smith went to a police station. He wanted to get a license to drive an automobile.

Behind the desk in the police station sat a police captain. This police cap-tain was not a very polite man.

“I would like to get a license to drive an automobile,”said Mr. Smith a lit-tle timidly.

“You have to fill out this card first,”said the police captain. He threw a small white card in Mr.Smith′s direction.“Put your name at the top.”

“In ink?”asked Mr. Smith very politely.

“Of course, in ink,”said the police captain.“Put your last name first and your first name last.”

“How′s that?”said Smith. He did not understand the police captain.

“Write your name backwards. Your last name first and you first name last.BACKWARDS!”

“Backwards?”

“That′s right. That′s just what I said!”

Slowly, carefully Mr. Smith began to write.It seemed a little strange to him.

But the police captain must know what was correct. Mr.Smith wrote his name:HTMS MAILLIW.

An Interesting Story

O nce an evil young man was travelling on a train. He was causing a lot of trouble to the passengers around him.

At last he got out at a station with his two heavy bags. No one helped him.When he as quite far away from the train, one of the other passengers opened the window and shouted to him,“You left something behind in the train.”Then heclosed the window.

The young man turned back to the train with his two bags, very tired.“What did I leave behind?”he shouted through the window.

As the train began to move again, the passenger who had called him back opened the window again and said,“A very bad impression.”

Where Are You from?

I had an amusing experience last summer, when I went to Beijing on holi-day.

One day, I went to the Summer Palace. On the way, I came across a foreign-er.She was very beautiful with a pair of dark glasses and long fair hair.I had longed to talk with a foreigner.This time, I thought I had a chance.So I went up to her and said in English,“Excuse me, may……may I talk with you?”“Certain-ly,”said the foreigner with a smile.I was so excited that I didn’t know what to say.“What’s your name?”She asked.“Wang Huifang,”I answered.“Well……well..may I ask you some questions?”I added.“Please,”she said.

“What are you?”“A college student.”“Can you tell me how to learn spo-ken English?”“Oh, sorry.I don’t know how to explain it.But I can tell you a book about spoken English.”“……”

We talked happily for a few minutes. I felt very happy, because I could un-derstand what she said.And I felt my spoken English was good enough.At last, I asked her,“Where are you from?”“China,”she said in Chinese with a smile, and then took off her dark glasses.

I was astonished.

“I am a Chinese like you. And I will take part in a play in English,”she said in Chinese.“I am well made up, aren′t I?”“Yes.”The girl did look like a foreigner, I thought.

Though I felt a little disappointed that she was not a real foreigner, I was happy for having got a good chance to practise my spoken English.

My Grandma and TV

I t was so hot that I felt I was in an engine though the electric fan was on. I tried to finish my homework in spite of the hot weather, then I went to watch TV with my grandma.

When my mother saw grandma wipe the sweat away from time to time, she advised her to take off her sweater.“No, I won′t. Look, they are looking at me.”said grandma, pointing at the people on the TV screen.On hearing this, we couldn′t help laughing.However, my grandma continued,“Don′t laugh, or you′ll disturb their performance.”We burst into an even louder laugh.My father who used to be very serious couldn′t help laughing either because of what my grand-ma had said.

A Plumber

M y daughter Judy, who works for a plumbing company, found herself in need of a plumber at home. When she got to work, she asked that a plumber be sent.For several days her request was ignored.

In desperation, as she departed one afternoon she left her boss this note:“I will come to work in the morning as soon as a plumber gets to my house.”One arrived shortly before 7 a. m……

I′m a Police Officer

W hen my husband, Jack, was a police officer, he once approached a home guarded by two ferocious dogs. They lunged at the screen door with such force that it opened, and they tore out into the yard.

Thinking quickly, Jack stepped into the house, closing the door tightly be-hind him.“It’s all right, ma’am,”he reassured the homeowner.“I’m a police of-ficer.”

“Not a very brave one,”she observed.

Get a Job

O ne day shortly after I had come home from college, my father was outside doing yard work. He found a baby bird under a tree and assumed it had fallen from its nest.Wanting to return the tiny creature to its home, my dad went to get a ladder.When he got back, he found another baby bird on the ground.

Suddenly he heard a loud chirping from above. Looking up, my father saw the mother bird giving a third baby the boot from its nest.With that, Dad walked into our house, took one look at me watching television and barked,“Get a job!”

My Roommate

M y roommate was interested in a young man in her English-literature class, but she was too shy to let him know.One day she overheard him say he was on his way to the library for a certain book.She rushed to the librar-y, found the book and stuck in it a letter from her mother.

“Why would he want to read a letter from your mother?”I asked.

“He wouldn′t, but if he′s any kind of gentleman he′ll return it to me.”Her dorm and room numbers were on the envelope, of course.

The next day he appeared with the letter and asked my roommate out on a date.“Couldn′t fail,”she later told me.“The book was Great Expectations.”

童话与寓言故事

好词

earthworm蚯蚓

silently默默地

laugh讥笑

necessary需要的

at the foot of在……脚下

angry恼怒的

hungry and thirsty饥渴的

running water流水

kindness善良

aim at……向……瞄准

daydream幻想

fairy tales童话

crow乌鸦

imagination想像力

beak鸟的喙

illusion幻想

fluctuate变幻

odd离奇的

fabricate虚构

vanish into thin air幻灭

unreal虚幻

lion cat狮猫

huge rat大鼠

好句

One day, Sima Guang and some of his friends were playing hide-and-seek.

一天,司马光和一些朋友正在玩捉迷藏。

Long long ago, there was a very clever crow.

很久很久以前,有一只非常聪明的乌鸦。

On seeing that there were a lot of small stones beside the bottle, she had a good idea.

看到瓶子旁边的一堆石子,她有了主意。

Once upon a time, there lived a bookworm……

从前,有一位书呆子……

Once upon a time, there was a man who wanted to……

从前有一个人想……

His dream of twenty years before had saved his life.

20年前的梦如今救了他。

Once upon a time, there was a man who wanted to steal another′s door-bell.

从前,有一个人想偷别人家门上的铃。

A country girl was carrying a pail of milk on her head to the market.

一位乡下姑娘头顶着一桶牛奶到市场上去卖。

There were no donkeys in Guizhou.

黔这个地区本来没有驴。

A man had got on a wrong pair of boots, one with a thick bottom-pad and the other with a thin bottom-pad.

有人穿错了一双靴子,一只底厚,一只底薄。

Someone went across the river by boat with a sword.

某人佩剑乘船过河。

Once upon a time there lived a farmer in the state of Song.

从前宋国有一个农民。

A story was told about a man……

故事中有一个人……

Once in the nation of Zheng, there was a man who……

从前,在郑国有一个人……

One day an earthworm was working in th e fields silently.

一天一只蚯蚓在田地里默默地工作着。

A hungry and thirsty bee went to a river to drink.

一只饥渴的蜜蜂去河边饮水。

The bee thanked the bird for its kindness and flew away.

这只蜜蜂感谢这只小鸟的帮助后,然后飞走了。

The donkey became very angry but could only kick him with its hoofs.

这只驴大怒,但只会用蹄子踢它(老虎)。

The Guizhou donkey has exhausted its tricks.黔驴技穷。

I trust the measurement I took rather than my feet.我宁信尺码,不信自己的脚。

Nobody buried 300 Liang of silver here.此地无银三百两。

Your neighbour Wang Er never stole the silver.隔壁王二不曾偷。

好段

The Crow Drank the Water

L ong long ago, there was a very clever crow. One day, she was thirsty.She wanted to find some water to drink.Then she looked for water everywhere.Finally she saw a bottle, in which there was a little water.But the bottleneck was long and narrow.Her beak was not long enough to get the water.What should she do?

She thought and thought. On seeing that there were a lot of small stones be-side the bottle, she had a good idea.The crow picked up the stones one by one and put them into the bottle gently.The water in the bottle was rising slowly.And she was able to drink the water at last.

Playing Hide-and-seek

O ne day, Sima Guang and some of his friends were playing hide-and-seek.One of the boys put his hands over his eyes while the others were looking for places to hide themselves.One boy hid himself in a large box.Another boy climbed a tree, under which was a big pot, full of water.The branch couldn’t bear the boy’s weight and broke off.With a cry of fear, the boy fell into the pot. 

The boy couldn′t be pulled out because the water was deep. Another little boy began to cry in fear.Yet Sima Guang was not afraid.He ran away with another boy and brought back a big stone.They hit the pot with the stone.A large hole was made and the boy who had been inside crawled out.He was saved by Sima Guang.

The Lion Cat and the Huge Rat

O nce there lived a huge rat, quite as big as a cat. It was very strong and fierce.No matter which cat came to catch it, it would attack back savage-ly.After defeating its enemy, it would have the dead body as its delicious din-ner.Therefore, most of the cats in the neighbourhood felt troubled by the pres-ence of the huge rat.Who was able to catch the bold rat?A white lion cat vol-unteered to fight against the rat.The lion cat crouched near to the rat’s hole.Seeing the cat, the rat unhurriedly went out of its house and rushed madly at the cat, which turned and ran away, finally jumped on the table.The rat followed closely, thereupon the cat jumped down.Thus they were up and down for some hundred times.It seemed that the cat was also timid, and it would be killed at last.However, in a little while the rat began to jump less briskly, and soon after squatted down out of breath.Just then the cat rushed at it, and fought back.Very soon, the cat seized the rat by the back of the neck without much difficulty.It meowed in triumph while its victim squeaked and squeaked, until it died.Now, you see that the lion cat was not afraid, but merely waited for its enemy to be tired.How clever it was.

An Earhworm and Cuckoo

O ne day an earthworm was working in the fields silently. He was praised by a farmer, who was ploughing the field with a cow pulling the plough in front.Hearing the farmer′s praise, the earthworm crept up on to the earth in tri-umph and laughed at a cuckoo who was singing on the back of the cow.He said,“Miss Cuckoo, you’re always crying all day.Aren’t there any help for the farm-er?”At these words, the farmer stopped ploughing immediately and said,“Dear earthworm, your work is very important to me, to tell the truth.But it is necessary for us to get the help from the cuckoo.If the cuckoo doesn’t remind me of so-wing, I won’t know when I should sow seeds.”After listening to these words, the earthworm dropped his head, and got into the earth slowly because he felt a-shamed for himself.

Don′t Count Your Chickens Before They′re Hatched

A country girl was carrying a pail of milk on her head to the market. As she walked along, she began to daydream.“When I sell this milk, I shall get enough money to buy some eggs,”she thought,“I can have more chickens when these eggs are hatched.These chickens can lay more eggs.Then I′ll have a lot of money.I′ll buy many beautiful clothes for myself.In the beautiful dresses, I will look prettier.Then all the boys in the market will want to dance with me, but I will refuse them.”She really shook her head.Unfortunately, she had forgotten the pail of milk on her head.Down fell the pail of milk.With nothing left to sell in the market, the girl carried her empty pail home sadly.

A Man in the Nation of Zheng Buy Shoes

O nce in the nation of Zheng, there was a man who wanted to buy himself a pair of shoes. He took the measurement of his own feet with a piece of string.Then he went to the market.He was looking at some shoes at the shoe-maker’s when he realized he had left the measurement at home.He put down the shoes and rushed home to fetch it.By the time he returned with the measurement the market was already closed.So he failed to get his shoes.Somebody asked him,“Why didn’t you just try the shoes on your feet?”He answered,“I trust the measurement I took rather than my feet.”

White-snow

A very long time ago there lived a queen who had a beautiful daughter named White-snow.When the girl was very young, her mother died.Then the king married another queen who was a witch in fact.

The queen often asked the magic mirror,“Who is the most beautiful woman?”The magic mirror used to answer,“You′re the prettiest.”When White-snow was still in her childhood, everything went well.

Then White-snow grew up.One day, the queen asked the magic mirror once more,“Who is the most beautiful?”The magic mirror answered,“White-snow is the most beautiful girl.”The queen got very angry and ordered a hunter to killWhite-snow.The hunter felt so pity for the girl that he gave a deer heart to the queen and told her that he had killed the princess.

White-snow found a small house in the forest.She put seven small beds to-gether and slept on them.Later, the owners of the house, the lilliputians came home.After the princess told the liliputians about her experience, the lilliputians decided to protect her.

The queen got to know what had happened in the forest and was extremely angry. She vowed to put the princess to death.She was dressed up as an old farmer′s wife and wanted the princess to eat an apple, half of which was poison-ous.And Princess White-snow died.

When the lilliputians found the princess dead, they put her body into a glass coffin. No sooner had a prince who rode a white horse seen White-snow than he began to love her.He pulled the apple out of the girl’s mouth.The prin-cess opened her eyes.The prince and the princess had their wedding, but the queen died of illness.

二、说明文

国家

好词

advanced先进的

backward落后的

developing发展中的

modern现代化的

poor贫穷的

poverty-stricken贫乏的

powerful强大的

promising有前途的

prosperous繁荣的

strong强大的

underdeveloped不发达的

agricultural农业的

industrialized工业化的

civilized文明的

conservative保守的

desolate荒芜的

好句

More than 50 years has passed, the history has already proved that the UN is the only global organization that can influence the development of the world, a good case in point is the“Gulf Crisis”in 1991.

50多年过去了,历史证明了联合国是惟一能够影响世界发展的全球性组织。一个成功的事例就是1991年发生的海湾危机。

However, we can not deny the fact that no other organizations are able to match it in this world.

然而,我们不能否认这一事实:这个世界上没有任何一个组织能与之并驾齐驱。

Moreover, the UN is full of empty talks with no practical purposes.

并且,联合国充满了没有实际意义的空谈。

Canada is a wheat-exporting country.

加拿大是一个小麦出口国。

Japan is an oil-importing country.

日本是一个石油进口国。

They have also built a modern hospital and a large assembly hall that can seat two thousand people.

他们还建了一所现代化的医院和一座能容纳2 000人的议政厅。

Canada and South Africa used to be British colonies.

加拿大和南非曾是英国的殖民地。

The domain of our country is vast.我国领域广大。

The land is so rich in beauty.江山如此多娇。These two countries have a common boundary.

这两个国家有共同的边界。

You must thoroughly read the war history of foreign countries.

他必须通读外国战争史。

He was attracted by the scene of the foreign lands.

他被异域风光所吸引。

I love our beautiful motherland.

我热爱我们美丽的祖国。

This country′s size of territory is vast.

这是一个幅员辽阔的国家。

We have vast territory.

我国疆域辽阔。

The whole Divine Land was a scene of jubilation.

神州大地一片欢腾。

好段

China

C hina is in the east of Asia. Its neighbours in the landmass are twelve coun-tries, such as Russia, India, Vietnam, etc.It faces the Pacific Ocean.It covers more than 9.6 million square kilometres.There are many large rivers in China.Among them the Changjiang River and the Yellow River are the longest and most important.China has twenty-eight provinces and autonomous regions and four cities directly under the central government.There are two Special Ad-ministrations—the Hong Kong Special Administration and the Macao Special Administration.Besides, Taiwan will be unified in the future.China has the lar-gest population in the world.The number of people living there is already over 1.3 billion now.The Chinese nation is made up of 56 nationalities.Among them Han is the largest, making up 94% of the whole.It has a long history of more than 5 000 years.China is a developing country.The Chinese people are working hard to realize the four modernizations in the future.

Italy

I taly lies in the south of Europe. From a map of the world Italy looks like a boot.There are four neighboring countries.They are France, Switzerland, Austria and Yugoslavia.The population of Italy is 56,690,000.Rome is the cap-ital of Italy.In English there is a saying:all roads lead to Rome, which shows the importance of the city.Pisa, which is in the middle of Italy, is famous for its ancient buildings.Pisa University is a world-known university.The Leaning Tow-er is the best-known building in Pisa.Once the great scientist Galileo did his fa-mous experiment of falling objects there.Italy is a highly developed country.Ital-ian shoes are the best in the world.Italian leather and clothing goods are among the most popular goods in the world.

Switzerland

S witzerland lies in the middle of Europe. She is a small country.The popu-lation is 6 500 000.Austria, France, Italy, Liechtenstein and Germany are her neighboring countries.The capital of Switzerland is Berne, and Geneva is a world-known city, where a lot of important meetings are held every year.There are many high mountains and big lakes in Switzerland.People all over the world visit Switzerland each year because she is a very beautiful country.It is called“The World Garden”.Her watch, chemistry and food industries are very ad-vanced.People can buy Swiss watches and Nestcafe all over the world.The Swiss are hard-working people.They are peace-loving people, too.

Poland

L ying as it does in the center of Europe, Poland is something of a mixture. In some ways it is similar to Germany.This applies not only to its people, but also to its geography.

The northern part of the country consists of rolling hills some 1 000 feet high, which become lower towards the Baltic Sea coast. This region is called the Baltic plateau and is made up of an enormous thickness some of the thickest in the world of material left by glaciers.The center of Poland is made up of a vast plain which is cut into two by Poland′s main river the Vistula.This is a predominantly farming region.The main crops include wheat, rye, potatoes and sugar beet.The southern part of Poland is called Alpine Poland because the geo-logical structures of the Alps and the Carpathians are very similar and they were also formed at about the same time.

Poland′s natural resources consist mainly of coal, petroleum, zinc, iron ore and salt. Another natural source of wealth is timber, which comes from the great coniferous forests in the mountains and western parts of the country.

Europe

E urope is the home of about 330 million people. Germany has the most peo-ple, but Belgium and the Netherlands are the most crowded because they are smaller.

In the north it is rainy all the year round, and the weather is seldom very hot or very cold. Spain and Italy are called Mediterranean countries because they are on the Mediterranean Sea.Here, the weather is very hot and dry in summer and rainy in winter.Oranges and lemons, alive and cork trees are grown on the hot, dry hills.

The highest mountain in Europe is Mount Blanca in the Alps, and the Pyr-enees is covered with snow.

The language of the countries in the north comes mainly from old German. The language of the other countries comes from Latin which was spoken in Italy 2 000 years ago.

An English Town

H ere we have a picture. It takes us to a street in an English town.Let′s study the picture, and develop an essay out of it.

This is Walton Street. On the left-hand corner we see a road map.It gives you some idea of the town’s size.It is neither very big, nor very small.It is not a one-street town, but is medium size.

Then we see three shops in a row, a fashion shop with large windows, a bookstore and a hat shop. The last two seem to share a shop front.

On the pavement are people who seem to have done their shopping and are heading for home.

In the foreground is a motorcycle with a young man taking his girlfriend out for a ride. Both have their helmets on.Could they be in for reckless driving?But why bother?

Not Built in One Day

A merica took its name from Amerigo Vespucci, a 16th century navigator who sailed to New World ten years after Columbus. He was a professional mapmaker and prepared a good name of the new land.Therefore, the land was named after him and called America.

America in the early 16th century was a vast land that belonged to the first Americans, the American Indians. By 1753,13 colonies had been established a-long the east coast of North America.By 1750 the population of the colonies has reached 4,000,000.

Well, America was then known as a virgin land, a land of opportunity. It drew rich Englishmen who dreamed of developing large estates out of the Ameri-can wilderness.It drew carpenters, masons, tailors, bakers and other skilled workmen who could not find work in England.Most of all, it drew the poor home-less from the farmlands and villages of Europe.

In 1976 the United States celebrated its birthday. It has fought two world wars on the side of justice.节日

好词

All Saints′day万圣节

April Fools′Day愚人节

Arbor Day植树节

Army Day建军节

art festival艺术节

Ascension Day耶稣升天节

Carnival狂欢节

Children′s Day儿童节

Christmas Day圣诞节

Father′s Day父亲节

International Labour Day国际劳动节

Lantern Festival元宵节

May Day五一节

Mother′s Day母亲节

Music Festival音乐节

National Festival国庆节

New Year′s Day元旦

Pure Brightness清明节

St. Valentine′s Day情人节

Thanksgiving Day感恩节

Water-Sprinkling Festi-val泼水节

Women′s Day妇女节

World HealthDay世界卫生日

Spring Festival春节

commemoration day纪念日

fast day斋戒日

Independence Day独立纪念日

pay day发薪日

wedding day结婚纪念日

long vacation长假

public holiday公假

vacation假期

weekday工作日

weekend周末

winter holidays寒假

brief holiday短假

festival庆典

festivity庆祝活动

film week电影周

New Year′s Eve除夕

好句

It′s the most important holiday in Westen countries.

它是西方国家最重要的节日。

It′s said that April Fools′Day began in France in the middle of the 16thcentury.

据说愚人节始于16世纪中叶的法国。

The broad Tian An Men Square became an ocean of cheering crowds.

广阔的天安门广场变成了欢乐的海洋。

The Spring Festival always begins between January the twenty-first and February the twentieth.

春节通常为阳历的1月21日至2月20日期间。

Thanksgiving Day is the most traditional holiday of America.

感恩节是美国最传统的节日。

Today Thanksgiving Day is not only a day to give thanks but also a day for family members to get together.

现在的感恩节不仅是向上帝表示感谢的节日,也是合家团圆的好日子。

The mid-Autumn Day is a traditional day of China.

中秋节是中国人民的传统节日。

At the night of the Moon Festival, people always sit in the yard to enjoy moon and eat some mooncakes.

在中秋节的晚上,人们要坐在院子里赏月和吃月饼。

On the evening of National Day, every street was a blaze of light.

国庆节之夜,条条大街灯光辉煌。

Christmas Day, the 25th of December, is the biggest festival celebrated in the western countries of the world.

12月25日的圣诞节是西方国家个最重大的节日。

Christians regard this day as the birthday of Jesus Christ.

基督徒们认为这一天是耶稣基督诞生的日子。

Shop owners like Christmas because it is a time when people exchange presents.

店主们喜爱圣诞节,因为它是一个人们互相交换礼品的日子。

Every country in the world celebrates the New Year but not everyone does it the same way.

世界上每个国家都庆祝新年,但并不都用同样的方式。

Students do not go to school, and shops are closed.

学生们不用去上学,商店也关了门。

Farmers kill pigs, sheep, cocks and hens. City dwellers buy meat, fish andvegetables.

农民杀猪宰羊,杀鸡宰鸭,城里人买鱼买肉,准备青菜。

On New Year′s Eve, each family has its members gathered together and eats a family reunion dinner.

在除夕,每个家庭都团圆了,大家在一起吃团圆饭。

好段

The Origin of April Fools′Day

A pril Fools′Day is popular in some European countries and North America. People have this day on April 1st.They play jokes and tricks on each oth-er.It is said that April Fool’s Day began in France in the middle of the 16th cen-tury.

Long ago, one kind of calender was used in Europe and people celebrated April 1st as New Year′s Day. In 1564,the King of France declared people should take January 1st as the beginning of a new year according to a new calendar.Most people accepted it.But some still regarded it as their New Year′s Day.So people played jokes and tricks on them.From then on, April Fools′Day came in-to being.And the person tricked on that day is called April fool.

Christmas

C hristmas Day is on Dec. 25.It′s the most important holiday in Western countries.For Christmas most families buy Christmas trees and decorate them with toys, colorful lights or Christmas cards, etc.They think Christmas tree is an important part of Christmas.

On Christmas Eve, family members get together to have a big dinner. After that they give presents to each other or visit their friends.Many children believe that Father Christmas in red clothes with a long white beard in a sleigh will come down their chimneys and put presents on Christmas trees or into their socks.

Spring Festival

S pring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people. Long before it arrives, children look forward to it with great eagerness.Already the markets and stores have been full of crowds of people.

On Spring Festival Eve each family has its members gathered together to eat a family dinner. After the meal they watch programs on TV until the clock strikes twelve.

The next day friends and relatives pay New Year calls and give presents a-mong themselves.Children indulge themselves in games.

Kite

T he kite was invented by the Chinese 2 000 yeas ago. The earliest kites were made of wood.Now kites are becoming more and more popular at home and abroad.Weifang, a city in Shandong Province, is the birthplace of kites.Every year the Weifang International Kite Festival is held in spring, which is the largest of its type in the world.People from all over the world come here to take part in the kite competitions.Then you can see all kinds of beautiful kites flying in the sky.The Weifang International Kite Festival makes Weifang well-known in the world.Many historic sites there attract tourists from both at home and abroad, which brings about great advance in its economy.

Thanksgiving Day

T hanksgiving Day is the most traditional holiday of America. It′s always cel-ebrated on the fourth Thursday in November.The first Thanksgiving was held in Massachusetts(马萨诸塞)in 1621 after the first harvest by the Pilgrims(清教徒)in their new land.The Pilgrims wanted to give thanks to God for their first harvest.They invited their Indian friends to join them in a big feast(宴会).The day has been celebrated since that time.The main dishes for Thanksgiving Day are turkey(火鸡)and Pumpkin Pie(南瓜馅饼).The custom lapsed(消失)at various times before the Civil War but it was officially revived(恢复)by Lin-coln in 1863.Today Thanksgiving Day is not only a day to give thanks but also a day for family members to get together.

The Dragon Boat Festival

T he Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival in China. It′s celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in honor of Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet of more than 2 000 years ago.

At that time, wars often broke out between kingdoms. As a minister of the kingdom of Chu, Qu Yuan loved his own country very much.To make his coun-try stronger, he made a lot of suggestions to the king, but the king wouldn’t lis-ten.At last, the kingdom Chu was defeated by the kingdom of Qin.Hearing the news, Qu Yuan was so sad that he killed himself by jumping into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.

At his death, people set out to search for his body in the river. Many boats were made in the shape of dragon.Thus, the dragon boat race started.

The Athens Olympic

T he 28th Olympic Games were held from August,14 to 29 in Athens, Greece. The Olympic flame travelled for the first time to all countries.The Games broke many records.A total of 11 099 athletes representing 202 nations participated.Chinese competitors won 32 gold medals,17 silver medals and 14 bronze medals, taking the 2nd place at the games.America won 35 gold medals, still taking the 1st place and Russia took the 3nd place by 27 gold medals.China enjoyed its most successful.Especially, Liu Xiang broke record about Asian in Athletics and became world champion at the 110 meters hurdle.

I am very proud of Chinese athletes. I hope we do better in 2008 Beijing O-lympic Games.

场所

好词

locate位于

equipment设备

library图书馆

reading-room阅读室

audio-video room录像教室

surface表面

avoid避免

worldwide全世界性

capital首都

population人口

province省份

好句

Our school has a long history.

我们学校有悠久的历史。

During the recent years, it has experienced great changes.

最近几年,发生了很大的变化。

Our school is located on the bank of the Yangtze River.

我们的学校位于长江之滨。

It′s very big with six grades and thirty classes.

它大的可容纳6个年级30个班上课。

The library opens every day from 4:00~5:00 p.m.except on Sunday.

图书馆除了星期天,每天下午4点到5点开放。

At the back of the school are the student′s dormitory.

在学校的最后面是学生宿舍。

Antarctica lies in the extreme south of the earth.

南极洲位于地球的最南部。

Taiwan has an area of 36 000 square kilometres.

台湾面积为3.6万平方公里。

Only if steps are taken to deal with this problem now.

目前只有马上采取措施处理这个问题。

Beijing is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.

北京是世界上最美丽的城市之一。

好段

Zhang Gezhuang Primary School

U ntil 1988 Zhang Gezhuang had no school of its own. It was pretty hard for the children of the village who had to go to school in other villages which were all far away.

Now Zhang Gezhuang Primary School has three teachers, teaching 48 pu-pils.The teachers had finished middle school education before they returned to teach here.The pupils are divided into five different classes, in which six sub-jects are taught.They are Chinese, maths, science, music, drawing and physical education.

Education is free for all children in the village.

Antarctica

A ntarctica, which is the coldest continent in the world, lies in the extreme south of the earth. It has an area of about 140 000 square kilometres.It is covered with cold thick ice and deep snow all year long.But it is a very rich continent.It has many well known animals such as penguins, whales and it is al-so rich in mineral resources including iron, coal and so on.Up to now only some visiting scientists live there.Maybe one day lots of households will live there.

An Introduction to the City Library

T he City Library is a good place for us to study. It is quiet and there are a lot of books for us to refer to, which is helpful to our study.When you enter the library, the first thing to catch your eye is the card cat-alog where you can locate the books you want to borrow.The cards are arranged alphabetically, based on the subjects and authors.

At the far right-hand corner stand the newspaper stacks, on which are loca-ted daily newspapers.In front of the newspaper stacks are two tables with chairs.The periodicals are placed on the right of the tables along the wall.

On the left of catalog are seven rows of open stacks in which are books, magazines, and journals. In front of the stacks are four study tables for students and teachers to read and write.

In front of the study table at the far left-hand corner stands a photocopy ma-chine where you can photocopy the materials you need.Near the door on the left is the circulation desk where the librarians check the books you borrow and re-turn.

If you like reading, you will certainly be able to make good use of the library.

Life in the City and in the Country

I have lived in this city for two years, but before that I lived with my family in a village about a hundred miles away from here. Life is very different in the two places, but there are things that I like about each of them.

In the country it is quiet and beautiful since there are not many people. The air is clean, and there is beautiful scenery all around.The people who lived in the country seem friendly and helpful to their neighbors.The cost of living is low there, because food is usually cheap.I like living in the city, too.In the city, there are interesting things to do all the time.People have many choices of activ-ities.There is a wide selection of movies, and most of the theatres are good.Eve-rything is convenient here, since in the city you live close to grocery stores and school.Traffic is efficient with regular schedules, so it is easy to get from one place to another.

I was happy in the country, but there are good chances for work and study in the city, so I will probably stay here for a period of time and there for another period of time.

Experimental High School

E xperimental High School is a key school. There are more than 1 600 students and 200 staff in it.All the students are divided into 35 classes according to their Grades.A lot of modern equipment has been installed and used in our teaching.There is an audio-video room, a computer room and labs for different purposes.Besides, there is also a big library in the school, where students can read all kinds of newspapers, magazines and books both in Chineseand in English.We have different kinds of study groups.Students can make their choices according to their own interests in maths, English, physics, Chinese, biol-ogy, music, fine arts and stone carving etc.A gymnasium is also equipped, free to students for their physical exercises.

My School

O ur school is located on the bank of the Yangtze River. It was built in 1904 and has a history of ninety-seven years.It’s very big with six grades and thirty classes.There are 200 teachers and 1 500 students.We have a lab build-ing and a lecture building which is big enough to hold thirty classrooms.The li-brary, in which 80 000 books are kept, is our favourite place.We like reading there after class.We can play football on the football ground.Every year we hold our school sports meeting in our gym.We all love our school.

动物介绍

好词

agile敏捷的

bloody血腥的

blood-thirsty嗜血的

cold-blooded冷血的

cruel凶狠的

docile温顺的

ferocious/murderous凶恶的

gaunt瘦削的

meek温顺的

savage野性的;凶猛的

ravenous贪食的

sulky发脾气的

tame驯服的

unruly难驾驭的

amphibious两栖的

carnivorous/predatory食肉的

domesticated家畜的

frugivorous以果实为食的

granivorous食草(谷物)的

herbivorous食草的

indigenous土生土长的

oviparous卵生的

reptilian爬行的

big/large庞大的

huge庞大的

monstrous可怕的;巨大的

small小的

alpine高山的

gregarious群居的

hairy多毛的

invertebrate无脊椎的

lean瘦的

marine海里的

marsupial有袋的

nocturnal夜间活动的

pachydermatous厚皮的动物

porcine像猪的

prowling四处觅食的

ruminant反刍的

venomous有毒的

voracious狼吞虎咽的,贪吃的

well-bred良种的

wild野的

好句

People love dogs because they are sagacious animals.

人们爱狗,因为它们是有灵性的动物。

The beast of burden is very tame.

这头牲口很温顺。

Clumsy beast!笨拙的畜生!

Newborn calves are not afraid of tigers.

初生牛犊不怕虎。

The small dog was a pet for children.

这条小狗是孩子们的宠物。

The proud horse galloped at full speed.

骏马全速奔驰。

He was saved from those savage beasts by a narrow margin.

他从那些猛兽口中死里逃生。

The wild beast was caught in a trap.

这只野兽堕入了陷阱。

Frog is a small animal living in water and on land.

青蛙是一种小型两栖动物。

A frog lives on insects.

青蛙以食昆虫为生。

Panda belongs to the cat family.

大熊猫属于猫科。

People hope that panda will return to the wild one day.

人们希望大熊猫有一天能够回归大自然。

Birds are spilling their songs over the quiet woods.

寂静的树林里到处是鸟儿的鸣叫声。

好段

Frog

F rog is a small animal living in water and on land. It has four legs but no tail.It is a cold-blooded animal, so it hibernates in winter.When spring comes, it jumps into water and spawns in it.About 10 days later the spawn be-comes a tadpole, which has a long tail and can swim in water.After more than forty days, a tadpole grows into a baby frog.

A frog lives on insects. It is the guard of crops and it is man′s friend.We must protect frogs.

The Earthworm

T he best time to find earthworms is just after a rain. At that time, they come to the surface of the ground, and you can see them crawling about in the earth.

Earthworms help to keep the soil in proper condition, and they crawl about underground. They loosen the soil.Air and water enter the ground through the ti-ny holes made by earthworms.In this way, the soil is kept from getting too hard.The loose leaves and seeds that earthworms pull into the ground decay.This en-riches the soil.

So next time, when you see earthworms, don′t hurt them. Remember that they are man′s good friends.

Animal′s Language

A nimals can not speak or write in a human language, but they have their own languages.

A dog barks when a stranger comes to warn its master. Birds make several sounds, which have different meanings for themselves.When chicks hear the hen cluck, they run to her, for they may be informed of some food.

A body language is also used to send signals. A rabbit is running away from danger with its tail moving up and down, to warn other rabbits.A young bear wanders about to look for a cave to live in.On seeing the deep scratches high a-bove on the tree, it immediately goes away, knowing this is the place of another bear who is much bigger.When a bee has found some food, it tells the other bees by doing a little change in the air.

Some animals communicate by touching. Lions, tigers, and many others show friendliness by rubbing their heads or necks together.

Color is sometimes very important in animal′s communication. Some kinds of fish change color when they are angry or frightened.A peacock displays the beautiful colored feathers when it wants to attract a female.

The Hippopotamus

T he hippopotamus lives in hot parts of Africa. It is a mammal.That is, its babies are born alive, and they drink milk from the mother′s body.

The hippopotamus is a large animal. It weighs four tons.Its stomach is sev-en meters long, but it eats only plants.It is a mammal, but it spends a lot of time in water.

During the day, it sleeps beside a river or a lake. Sometimes it wakes up.Then it goes under the water to get some plants for food.It can close its nose and stay under water for ten minutes.Its ears, eyes, and nose are high up on its head.It can stay with its body under the water and above the water.Then it can breathe the air.

At night the hippopotamus walks on the land and looks for food. It never goes very far from the water.

A baby hippopotamus often stands on its mother′s back. The mother looks for food underwater.The baby rides on her back above the water.

I Am a Dog

I have a tail and four legs. I have sharp teeth and run very fast.I belong to the family of the wolf and the fox.But they remain wild while I have been tamed and trained to do many things, including keeping watch, hunting, shepherding and searching for travelers lost in the snow.

I am truthful to men and like to be a friend of men. I can defend my masterat the cost of my own life.

Of course you can easily guess what I am:I am a dog.

Panda, a National Treasure of China

P anda belongs to the cat family. It looks like a bear but smaller than it.It has short tail and thick fur.

Panda in China lives in the mountain areas in the western and northern parts of Sichuan Province. The biggest panda park is in Sichuan Province.Panda likes to eat bamboo shoots, bamboo leaves and small animals.

Panda is one of the rare animals in the world. It is a national treasure of China.Two pandas were sent to the USA as gifts.They are in an American Na-tional Park now.

Now the number of pandas is increasing every year, because many special-ists are living in our National Park and they are taking good care of pandas.

People hope that panda will be set free from the National Park and return to the wild one day.

Pets

A pet is an animal kept by a person as a companion. Recently, more and more people, old ones in particular, like to enjoy the company of tame animals.They treat these animals as good friends or even as members of the family.

Pets are affectionate. They are obedient to their masters.They appreciate the care given to them and seem to know how to express their thanks.Whatever happens, they always remain loyal to their masters.Although they sometimes play mischief, they are innocent and even childish.This makes them all the more lovely.Moreover, trained pets are very helpful.

Sometimes, however, a pet, especially, a dog, can be a nuisance. It deposits its wastes everywhere.It attacks you by surprise, and a lot of people are reported to have become the victims of dogs.Therefore, laws should be laid out to forbid raising dogs in large cities.

现代化用品

好词

appear出现

change改变

develop发展

history历史

choice选择

master主人

a great deal of the latest information大量最新的信息

net-school网校

keep in touch with和……保持联系

send and receive e-mails发送和接收电子邮件

on the other hand另一方面

be good at擅长于

好句

It is important for us to learn computer science well.

对于我们来说,学好计算机科学非常重要。

Since it appeared, it has developed fast and has greatly changed people′s life.

自从它出现以来,它就迅速发展,大大改变了人们的生活。

It has a history of over forty years.它已有了40多年的历史。In short, we should……总而言之,我们应该……

A little inaccuracy sometimes saves tons of explanations.

有时一个小小的不精确倒可省去数不清的说明。

After receiving light and heat from the sun, we should share them with others.

人接受了太阳的光和热,就应与他人共享。

The family computer is small.

家用电脑体积小。

Computers can work hundreds of times faster than human beings.

电脑工作比人快数百倍。

A computer is a knowledgeable tutor.

电脑是一位知识渊博的家庭教师。

The computer is really a welcome friend of ours.

电脑的确是一位受欢迎的朋友。

Gold Cock Alarm Clock is known for its accurate movement.

金鸡牌闹钟以记时准确而闻名。

The Flying Pigeon Camera is newly produced by Guangzhou Camera Fac-tory.

飞鸽牌照相机是由广州照相机厂研制的一款新产品。

好段

The Telephone

T he telephone is one of the most welcome and useful inventions. No wonder more and more families have got to use their own telephones today.

The telephone makes things easy in many ways. Especially, after the mobile telephone appears, communication becomes easier and rapider.To students and people going out for business far away from their homes, the telephone can short-en the distance between them and their families.Thus they will get comfort whenever they are homesick or they run into trouble.With the help of the tele-phone, people can keep in touch with anyone at any time and in any place for urgent help.In such a case, the telephone is especially important.When we read an advertisement in a newspaper or watch it on TV, we can ask for more infor-mation about the product through the telephone and even place an order.

All in all, the telephone is so helpful that we can say that nowadays we can not live without the telephone in our daily life. We will further improve the per-formance of the telephone so as to create better conditions for its development. 

The Flying Pigeon Camera

T he Flying Pigeon Camera is produced in Guangzhou, China, by Guangzhou Camera Factory, which has a history of over forty years. New types of cam-eras produced recently are small in size and light in weight, so they are not only easy to operate, but also convenient to carry.What is more, the price is only half of that of the foreign cameras of the same kind.Model A costs 2 900 yuan, Model B 1 300 yuan and Model C 680 yuan.It is certainly a wise choice to get a good camera like the Flying Pigeon Camera.Buy it now!

An Introduction of a Robot

I′m sure nobody enjoys doing housework at home. Then why not get a help-er from our company?Here’s your best choice.

We′ve made a special robot that can do most of your housework. What you have to do is to turn on a switch and press a key, then the robot will work for you.It′s easy to operate, since everything is controlled by a computer.Just imag-ine reading a newspaper for twenty minutes and your washing is done and your meal is ready!Can you think of anything else more wonderful?Besides, the ro-bot is not expensive at all.Most people can afford it.You can pay us during the coming 12 months after you start using it.If there is anything wrong with the ma-chine, you just make a phone call and we’ll come to fix it for you right away.Please think it over and make your decision.

English Dictionaries

M ost English dictionaries will tell you a number of things about the lan-guage.

There are three important things:spelling, pronunciation and meanings.

The first is the spelling of the words. If you are not sure about the spelling of a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a dictionary.The words are always given in alphabetical order.

The second thing is pronunciation. Most dictionaries give the pronunciation of a word in a special kind of alphabet, which is called phonetics.

The third thing a dictionary will tell you is the meaning of words. Many words have more than one meaning, and a good dictionary will explain all of the word′s meanings.

These are some of the important facts that you can learn from dictionaries.

Computer

A s we all know, the computer is a marvellous machine. It has all kinds of types.Nowadays most computers have a memory in which information can be stored and be taken out at anytime.

The oldest kind of computer is the abacus. It was used in China long ago.The first modern computer was very large and expensive, but now scientists al-ready have been making computers smaller and cheaper, at the same time easier to use and work faster and faster now.

Computers can be used a great deal in many ways. It can do many kinds of work.They can be used in doing business and science research work, in some large factories, and our daily life.Even we use it to play computer games at home.Today a lot of people buy computers.Computers become more and more popular indeed.

Communication Means

I n today′s busy world, three kinds of communication instruments are im-portant.The telephone and tape recorder are examples of one type.With these instruments, people use sound to communicate.A second type of communi-cation is mail.People use the written word to communicate by mail.Mail is not as fast as other types of communication.A more recent kind of communication is the computer.Communication with computers is faster and easy.Millions of peo-ple use all three kinds of communication every day.

The Telephone in Our Daily Lives

T he telephone has many advantages. In the first place, it enables people to communicate with each other, regardless of the distance between them.We can even talk to friends or family members who are far away in foreign coun-tries, which was impossible in the past.Aside from this, much business is done over the telephone.Businessmen need not meet face to face;instead, they can deal with each other on the phone.

Despite all its advantages, however, the telephone has its drawbacks. Some people have come to depend too much on the telephone.At the same time, theyforget that telephones cannot take the place of meetings and letters.Without face-to-face meetings, interpersonal relationships gradually become worse.Like everything, telephones should be used in moderation.

The Family Computer

T he family computer is small. Its price is not high, and it has a good look.It can be used easily and conveniently.You can calculate, make notes, call others and type letters, etc.Also, children can learn English or play games with it.Besides, you can use a family computer as a training computer.You can learn how to use an office computer, which will give you convenience to find a good job in a company.Computers can work hundreds of times faster than human be-ings.We have been greatly helped by computers.

方式、方法

好词

the window sill窗台

nutrition营养

fertilizer化肥

lead astray误导;使误入歧途

container容器

a layer of一层

keep regular hours生活有规律

mould plate模板

delicate精细的

glue胶水

insert插入

set调整

aperture孔径

lens cover镜头盖

viewfinder取景器

shutter快门

general概略的

content内容

detailed详细的

barrack life兵营生活

colourful life丰富多彩的生活

noble life高尚生活

好句

The following points are important for you to protect your eyesight.

下面的几点对于保护你的视力很重要。

I think keeping a diary in English is one of the most effective ways to im-prove one’s writing ability.

我认为用英语写日记是提高自己英语写作能力的有效途径。

Friends are people who can help us when we are in trouble, advise us when we are wrong and talk to us when we are sad.

朋友,是困难时给你帮助,错误时给你建议,悲伤时给你安慰的那些人。

With the development of the modern living standard, more and more peo-ple are becoming fat.

随着现代生活水平的提高,越来越多的人开始变胖。

Jogging and dieting are two popular ways of losing weight.

慢跑和节食是两种常见的减肥方法。

So losing weight has become a popular topic in people′s daily lives.

减肥成了人们生活中常见的话题。

好段

How to Raise Fishes

F ishes are beautiful. Raising fishes is an art.Fishes should be kept in a glass container which contains water and a layer of sand.Water plants should be put in it.When winter comes, the container should be put where it is warm.The water should be kept at the temperature of 20℃.The fishes should be fed regularly every day and the water should be changed once a week.By doing that, people become patient and develop a good habit of keeping regular hours. How to Read Fast

R eading speed is measured by WPM(words per minute). For an average middle school student, a reading speed should be about 100 WPM.To cal-culate your WPM, you need two measurements.First, count or estimate the total number of words in the reading material.Second, keep an accurate record of the time you spend reading the material.With these two measurements, you can make any reading passages into a speed reading exercise.The following may be helpful to improve your reading speed:

1.Do not move your lips when reading.This slows you down.

2.Do not move your head from side to side when reading.Practise using your eyes to scan the pages.

3.Do not use your finger to point to the words or lines as you are reading.Your hand cannot move as fast as your eyes.

4.Find a quiet place to read.The fewer distractions, the better your concen-tration.

5.Look, for context clues, to get the meaning of new words.

6.Increase your scanning ability.Try not to read separate words but groups of words.

7.Time your reading speed.Practise estimating the number of words in a passage and calculate your reading speed.

8.Practise scanning for important words of nouns and verbs.This allows you to read faster, yet you will still catch the important words to get the general idea of the passages.

Making Model Planes

I am very fond of making model planes. Now I have had six model planes, four fighters and two bombers.You can hardly tell any difference between my model planes and the real ones at first glance except for their sizes.

It is very interesting to make model planes. Making model planes is not only an interesting thing but also a careful piece of work.

At first you must cut the parts off from the plastic mould plates. Be careful not to break the delicate parts.Do not use too much glue, or it will spoil the sur-face when you glue together the parts according to the instructions.Then you can paint them.Painting is the most important step.It makes the plane more like areal one.At last a delicate plane will be born in your hands.

I like making model planes also because I love planes. I have been hoping to be a plane designer ever since I was a child.Now I am a senior high school student of Grade 3.I have little time to make model planes.I hope to go to col-lege and make real planes for our country in the future.

Use of Horns

A mericans do not blow the horn when driving as is presently done in China. It is only used to get someone′s attention in an emergency situation.There are certain areas that have signs posted telling you not to blow your horn at all, for example, near hospitals.Of course if there is an emergency in an area like this, you should certainly blow the horn!

Sometimes if a person is stopped at a signal light and does not move when the light turns green, the car behind them will gently tap the horn to get their at-tention.

How I Improve My English Writing

I began to practise English writing several years ago. Though I′m very glad to say that I have made some progress, I still have a long way to go.Some pen friends and my classmates asked me how I improved my writing.Here I′d like to tell you my story.

When I began to learn English writing, I made many mistakes in grammar and also with idioms. I often thought in Chinese and just translated what I had in my mind into English.My English teacher, Mr Xu, helped me.He pointed out my mistakes and told me that I should try to think in English, not in Chinese, pay more attention to English grammar and idioms, and use simple sentences whenever I could.I did as he said.When I finished writing, I read it very care-fully.As soon as I found out mistakes, I corrected them at once.I have kept on doing this and found that I am making fewer mistakes than before.My teacher said I have improved my writing a lot and he encouraged me to continue practis-ing.

No pains, no gains. Through years of practice, my English writing has con-siderably improved.I’m very lucky that two of my short English compositions have been carried on the newspapers.I have become even more interested inEnglish writing.

I′m an ordinary girl and I′m not very bright. But I know it is very important to keep on practising.Practice makes perfect.So I think three things are impor-tant in learning English writing:First, we must be sure of ourselves;second, we should pay attention to English grammar and idioms;third, we must keep on practising and be more careful in writing.

How to Plant Tomatoes

O ne day father came home with tomato plants. He said,“Tomatoes are your favorite.But do you know how to grow tomatoes?I have some tomato plants here.Go and plant them.”

I got some soil and put it into a box. I dug some holes in the soil and got the plants in.I put some soil over the roots and then pressed it tight.Finally I watered the plants before leaving them on the window sill.

Bathed in the sun, the plants were growing. I kept watering them every day, but I didn′t know why they suddenly stopped growing.Father says,“Every one needs nutrition.So do the plants.”I bought some chemical fertilizer and put it in the soil.Now the plants are growing tall and strong.

It is no easy job growing tomatoes. You have to know about their nature and give them plenty of nutrition.It is just like raising children.A good way of edu-cation will bring them up to be useful persons to the society, while a bad way of education will lead them astray.

How to Protect Your Eyesight

he following points are important for you to protect your eyesight:T First, you should let your eyes take a rest after they work for about one hour or two. Don′t make them tired.Second, you must do eye-exercises twice a day.It’s good for your eyes to see the distant trees or other objects once a while.Third, don’t read in bed or on a moving bus or in a dim light or in the sun.

Another thing you should pay attention to is when something enters the eyes, don′t rub it. Wash it out with cooled water.If you can′t get it out, go to see a doctor.

When you must squint to see clearly, it means you should have a medical-examination and wear glasses.

Mending a Puncture

T he other day I found the front tyre of my bicycle was flat. There was a puncture in the tyre.I always insist on doing everything on my own, so I decided to repair the puncture by myself.

First, I got my bicycle puncture-repair kit, and found what I wanted:a tube of glue, some chalk and some rubber patches.In addition, I got a bucket full of water.Second, I took the wheel off the bicycle, leveled off the tyre and took the inner tube.Thirdly, I partly pumped up the inner tube and then submerged it, section by section, in the water to see where the puncture was.When a stream of bubbles were rising, I knew where the puncture was.Fourth, I dried and cleaned the surface of the inner tube.Then marked the hole with the chalk, applied some glue to the surface of the inner tube and to one of the rubber patches, and pressed the rubber patch firmly over the hole.Finally, I pushed the inner tube back inside the tyre of the bicycle wheel, and pumped up the tyre until it was hard.

That was the whole repairing process.

事由说明

好词

because of因为

as a result of由于……原因

thanks to幸亏,由于

due to由于

owing to因为,由于

therefore因此

thus这样

as a result结果

so因此

to conclude据推断

in a word总之

in brief简而言之

to sum up总计,合计

好句

Smoking will shorten people′s life.

吸烟将会缩短人们的寿命。

Many rare animals have disappeared.

许多珍稀动物消失了。

The balance of nature is broken.

自然界的生态平衡被破坏了。

To save animals means to save the earth.

拯救动物就是拯救地球。

The medicine should be kept in cool, dry places.

此药应保存在阴凉、干燥处。

This medicine has a great effect on him.

这药对他很有效。

Plants are very important living things.

植物是非常重要的生物。

Life could not go on if there were no plants.

没有植物,生命就无法维持。

According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from dis-eases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查,每年有4 000 000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant asocia-tions with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

好段

Motto—New Beijing, Great Olympics

R eform and opening up to the outside world have brought about great chan-ges in Beijing, a city with a 3 000-year history.The city has taken on a completely new look as it enters the new century.It will embrace the athletes and friends from the rest of the world attending the Olympic Games with great enthusiasm.

The great modern Olympic Movement has gone through many changes in the past 100 years. The Olympic Games should be held in China, the most popu-lous nation in the world, the Olympic spirit will be even further disseminated and a new page will be turned in the Olympic history;and the Olympic Movement will show its unique splendor to the world in the new millennium.

The Advantages of Electronic Card

W ith the develoment of Internet, more and more people tend to send elec-tronic cards instead of paper ones at New Year’s time.Compared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more interesting and lively, for you can get not only pictures but also sound and even animations.Besides, it’s faster to send an electronic card.There are many web sites on line where different varieties of cards are available.If none of these cards are of any interest to you, you can de-sign cards of unique style using Flash or other softwares.More importantly, with the popularity of electronic cards, less paper is used for making paper cards, which contributes to the environmental protection.

How Do People Count Things

W hy do we count things in a group of ten?The reason is that we have had ten figures. Long ago, when people had to count a lot of things, they had to match them against their fingers.First they counted out enough objects to match the fingers of both hands and then they put them aside in a group.If there were more than ten, they formed more groups.We can call our numbers“two-handed numbers”because they developed from the fact that people counted things on two hands.

Some people had“one-handed numbers”too.Because here are five fingers on one hand, they counted out in groups of five.Romans who lived in Italy over 2 000 years ago used it.We call their written numbers Roman numerals and we use them even today.

Sometimes, people counted objects in groups of 12. We still use the 12-in-one-group system for some purposes.For example, when we measure time with a clock, we count the hours from one to twelve and then start with one again.

Colors and Meanings

E very color has a meaning, and as you choose a color, you might like to re-member what it is saying.We have said that red is lovable.Green, on the other hand, stands for hope;it is quiet.Pink is romantic, while brown is serious.White is an easy one—white is pure.Orange is generous.Violet is mysterious, blue is definitely feminine.

A-OK

T he expression A-OK means the situation is fine.A-OK is a Space Age expression.It was used in 1961 during a flight of an American astronaut.John Powel, spokesman for NASA, the national space agency, used A-OK to tell the world that everything on the space flight went on well.

Some experts say the expression did not begin with the Space Age. The sto-ry is that it was first used during the early days of the telephone, to tell an opera-tor that his message had been received.The sound of the all in“All is OK”was lost in the noise on the telephone lines, so the sharper sounding“A”was proba-bly used instead in the expression.A-OK is one of several expressions that may have come to the language earlier but were used in the space programs.These expressions quickly became part of everyday speech.This happened because most people had television and could see and hear all of the major events of a space flight.

三、议论文

环境保护

好词

air pollution空气污染

mine dust矿尘

coal dust煤尘

sewage污水

fine dust纤尘

smog烟尘

rock dust岩尘

degradation降解

aerosol喷雾剂

eutrophication养分过多

red tide赤潮

environmental protec-tion环境保护

environmental enginee-ring环境工程

environmental monito-ring环境监测

garbage垃圾

acid rain酸雨

hazard大灾难

nature大自然

supervisor监测员

green food绿色食品

human activity人类活动

好句

Most of the noise in the city comes from traffic, factories and construction sites.

大部分的城市噪音来自交通、工厂和建筑工地。

There is an increasingly loud voice from the public calling for firm action against pollution.

公众们越来越强烈地要求采取果断措施治理污染。

Scientists have warned that unless effective solutions are worked out, the problem of pollution will eventually get out of hand.

科学家们警告说如果不采取有效措施,污染问题将最终失去控制。

Widespread deforestation results in the increase of global temperatureand unpleasant change of climate.

大面积的砍伐森林导致全球气温的升高和异常的气候变化。

The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for our-selves and for our later generations.

地球是我们的家,我们有责任为我们自己和子孙后代照顾好它。

Besides, trees and lawns in our cities will in the long run help improve the local climate.

此外,从长远角度看我们城市中的绿树与草坪有助于改善当地的气候。

Chinese government has taken strict measures to stop careless and in-discriminate felling of trees.

中国政府已经采取严厉措施阻止乱砍滥伐。

The government should also spend more money on the preservation of current lawns and cultivation of new lawns.

政府也应该花更多的钱维护现有草坪并培育新的草坪。

Therefore, governments are playing the most important role in environ-mental protection today.

因此,政府在今天的环境保护中正在发挥着最重要的作用。

It is a duty for everyone of the world to protect the environment.

对全世界人来说,保护环境是每个人的义务。

Today, pollution has become a serious problem to us.

今天,污染对我们来说已经成为一个严重的问题。

The air, seas, rivers and land are polluted by waste or poisonous things.

空气、海洋、河流和陆地被垃圾和有毒物质污染。

It does harm not only to human beings but also to animals.

它不仅伤害了人类,而且也伤害了动物。

好段

No Chemical Works

W hen we heard the news, we were all sad. Most students of our school, in-cluding me are against the construction of a chemical factory near our school.Although the factory will bring much money for our city, we do think it will do us more harm than good.First, the drinking water will be badly polluted, however your preventing work is far from enough for us.Second, the air over our city will be polluted.We will never be able to breathe fresh air.Last, if you build the factory, there will not be any room for us to play games and have sports after school.

I hope you must think about it carefully.

Solar Energy

N ow, coal and oil are the major sources of energy all over the world. But coal and oil are limited.Sooner or later, we will use them up.Besides, they are polluting the air.So it is necessary to develop other energy sources.

Solar energy is a good replacement. It is safe and reliable and clean.For example, my house is equipped with a solar-heated water appliance.It provides hot water for washing and shower.When we are taking a shower, we never forget-ting an electric shock.Besides, it saves electricity and gas.

Obviously, it has a great potential.

However, we have difficulty in using solar energy. There are still many tech-nical problems to be solved so that solar energy can be made use of.I believe more and more solar-energy devices will be put into practice, and more and more people will benefit from solar energy.

Protect the Environment

T he cartoon sets us thinking. In the middle there is a small river.To its east stands a papermaking factory, which is sending heavy smoke into the sky, and is pouring waste water into the river.Look at those pupils!

They are about to practise their handwriting with the black polluted water. Do you think it is interesting?No.The cartoon warns us of the pollution prob-lem.

These years, pollution has become a serious problem. Heavy poisonous smoke is floating in the air.Waste liquids are flowing into rivers, lakes and seas.Rubbish are found here and there.There is no fresh air to breathe, no clean wa-ter to drink and no neat and tidy place to live in.Our living environment has been polluted.

As everyone knows, anything polluted is harmful. Not only human beings but also animals and plants are suffering from pollution.

Since the destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even forms a great threat to man′s existence, effective measures should be taken and laws be passed to fight against pollution and to protect our living environ-ment;everyone of the world should have such protection sense.Otherwise, what is waiting for man is nothing but great sufering.

Pollution

R iver pollution, as China Daily reports, exists not only in the Huaihe River but also in many other places of our country. Besides river pollution, there are also air pollution, noise pollution and so on.All kinds of environmental pol-lution do great harm to human beings.Now more and more people have come to realize how serious this problem is.Our government has been trying its best to take measures and call on people to fight against pollution.Though we’ve done lots of work, we still have a long way to go.But we’re sure that we’ll win the bat-tle against pollution in the end.

健康

好词

a noble action崇高的举止

bad/poor不好的

blood bank血库

blood donator献血者

delicate纤弱的

excellent很好的

feeble/weak虚弱的

fine好的

fit/healthy健康的

frail虚弱的

good好的

make a quick adjust-ment迅速调整

mechanism人体机制

normal正常的

pale苍白的

robust/strong强壮的

sallow灰黄色的

sickly病恹恹的

sound很好的

vigorous精力充沛的

without repayment无偿

wonderful最好的

好句

Other people believe that nothing is more important than health because without good health they would have nothing including happiness.

另一些人认为没有比健康更重要的了,因为没有健康的体魄,就一无所有,包括幸福。

……but they do not always go hand in hand with happiness.

但是,它们(财富和健康)并不总是与幸福同在。

Generally speaking, young and energetic people prefer active recreation, while old folks would rather enjoy peaceful rest.

总的来说,年轻人和精力充沛的人喜欢活动性的娱乐,而老人宁愿选择安静地休息。

Lots of people spend hours watching TV every day.

很多人每天都要花上几小时来看电视。

Teenagers are spending far too much time and money in video arcades these days.

现在的青少年花很多的时间和金钱在(内设电视游戏机的)游乐中心上。

We should play systematically for the sake of our health.

我们应该为自己的健康而进行系统的娱乐。

Rest is a good thing, but boredom is its brother.

休息是件好事,但无聊却是其兄弟。

On the other hand, it does not follow that a person with a strong body would surely enjoy happiness because the meaning of happiness in-volves much more than being healthy alone.

另外,一个躯体健壮的人并不会享受幸福,因为幸福的含义不仅仅指健康本身。

As is known to all that happiness is a feeling of pleasure and content-ment.

众所周知,幸福是一种快乐和满足的感觉。

As happiness always promises hope to people, let′s develop a healthy outlook and keep a pleasant state of mind.

因为幸福总是赋予人们希望,所以让我们形成一个健康的观念并保持乐观的心态。

In spite of the warning against dangerous smoking, the number of smok-ers has kept increasing in recent years, and the smokers tend to be younger and younger.

尽管警告人们吸烟有害,但吸烟者的数量近年来仍呈上升趋势,而且吸烟者越来越年轻化。

A healthy person can always be energetic, enjoy his life and achieve what he hopes for in his career.

一个健康的人可以永远保持精力充沛,享受生活,并且事业有成。

Firstly, we should keep a balanced diet, that is to say, we should not

have too much intake of animal fat, but more vegetables and fruits.

首先,应该保持饮食平衡,也就是说,不应该摄入过多的动物脂肪,而要多吃蔬菜和水果。

In a word, if everyone can stick to what is mentioned, one can always keep fit and pursue one′s career effectively.

总之,如果人们能够坚持上述方法,那么,就可以永远保持健康,并且卓有成效地干事业。

People′s constitutions differ, so does their resistance to diseases.

各人的体质不同,对疾病的抵抗力也不同。

After her long illness she is suffering from general debility.

久病之后,她全身虚弱。

好段

On Physical Exercise

W ith the development of the society, people have more and more work to do. So we must do more and more physical exercise to keep ourselves fit.There are many forms of physical exercises, such as playing badminton and bas-

ketball, swimming, running, and practising Taiji.

No matter what kind of physical exercise it is, it does much good for peo-ple.One benefit is to the health.Now many people work in offices or study in schools.Their daily lives do not provide them with the exercises, their bodies need to be healthy, and they must spend part of their free time doing physical exercises.Another advantage is to develope self-confidence.Many a person doesn’t know whether or not they are able to perform a task.As a result, much time is wasted and matters are attended.This is because these people have no self-confidence.If someone is good at a certain sport, he must have self-confi-dence to do his work.

Good Health

T he desire for good health is common. Good health means that you have more energy in life and studies, you have better appetite at dinner, have a good mood and even means you will live longer.

However, a recent investigation shows that the students′health is declining, so it is high time that we paid more attention to our health. To keep yourself healthy, you can take part in some physical practice such as swimming, running, or playing basketball.Nearly every activity benefits you a lot, you can choose one that fits you better, and then stick to it.The more you practice, the stronger you will be.

I do morning exercises everyday. Running makes me feel energetic all day and builds up my body.I believe I will continue doing it in all my life.

Keeping Fit

K eeping fit is important in our life. A fit person is one who has good health.A healthy person is definitely more efficient in carrying out his task, either as a student in a school, or a worker in an office or even a housewife at home.

There are different ways to keep fit. It is necessary to observe a well-bal-anced diet every day.Different kinds of food have different functions in building up and maintaining our bodies.Another way to keep healthy is to exercise regu-larly.Learning how to relax our bodies is certainly an effective way to keep fit.Then having good moods is also important to health.Avoid getting angry, anx-ious, pessimistic.Last way is to have enough sleep.You get a good rest whilesleeping and are able to prepare the body for the next day.

The above are the ways to keep fit. I hope everyone can have a good health.

Please Give up Smoking

N ow we often see some students smoking in school. They think smoking is a pleasure.How silly they are!

Reports show several millions of people die from smoking all over the world every year. Smoking can cause a lot of illness.

Smoking is also the way leading the youth from bad to worse. In order to get money for smoking, some students take away the money from their parents′pock-ets.Some of them even steal money from others.

As we all know, smokers can′t go on with their work without cigarettes. And the more they smoke, the worse their health will be.

Smoking is our dangerous enemy. Please give up smoking as soon as possi-ble.

Health

I t is clear that health is the foundation of one′s future success. If you be-come sick, it is nearly impossible to pursue your career effectively.On the other hand, if you are strong, you can go all out to overcome the obstacles that lie ahead of you.

Now that we know that health is the source of our energy, what should we do to maintain and enhance our health?First, we should exercise every day to strengthen our muscles. Second, we should keep regular hours of our lives.If we get up early, we can breathe fresh air and see the sunrise, and this habit can do wonders for our outlook on life.Third, there is a proverb that says,“Prevention is better than cure.”

In conclusion, health is more important than wealth. Those who are rich but lose their health are no more fortunate than those who are poor.If you want your wish to come true, health is the most important ingredient of you success.

Blood Donation

B lood is vital to the human body. It carries nutrient and oxygen to tissues and at the same time takes wastes and carbon dioxide away.A person will die if he loses too much blood.Now blood transfusion is saving hundreds of thou-sands of dying people.Volunteer blood donation is a noble act, what shows the donator’s love for other people.At present many countries are carrying out volun-teer blood donation widely.This act is also advocated in our country.

Blood donation will not do harm to the donator′s health. Firstly, only healthy people have the competence to donate blood.Besides, every time just a little blood is taken, so the donator′s body can have a quick adjustment to make the body operate normally.

Sports and Life

R ecently, sports have been popular among people. The reason why more and more people are taking up all kinds of sports is that always taking part in one kind of sport or another will do a lot of good to people′s health.

According to scientific research, people who take part in some kind of sports can get rid of unnecessary fat in the body, like heart or lungs. It is some-how accepted that people who always take some sort of sports can live longer and better than those who never move about or little about.

For this reason, some sports have become nationwide hobbies in some coun-tries.Jogging is very popular in the United States.It can be seen everywhere in China that Chinese martial arts which is practiced to improve people’s health has been exercised by all kinds of people.

However, too much more exercise than what is moderate is harmful to people′s health. Violent sports may cause fast heart beating and increase of blood pressure.People who suffer from certain diseases and want to take up sports must ask their doctors for advice before taking part in any sport.

Go in for some sport that suits you and don′t tire yourself out. Only in this way can you keep fit.

社会观点

好词

dedicate oneself致力于;奉献于

make fun of嘲笑

increase rapidly快速增长

the fresh air and beau-tiful scenery新鲜的空气和美丽的风光

an early bird早起的人;提前到达的人

a work addict工作狂

a freak of nature怪物,不正常的人

an apple polisher马屁精

a hen-pecked husband妻管严,怕老婆的男人

soft/weak in the head头脑不清楚,颠三倒四

be above oneself趾高气扬,得意忘形

carry a chip on one′s shoulder盛气凌人;好斗

put on an act装腔作势

meet trouble halfway杞人忧天,自寻烦恼

a blessing in disguise因祸得福

see the world见多识广

brazen it out若无其事

ride the tiger玩火自焚

save one′s face保留颜面

butter sb. up向某人大献殷勤

swim with the tide随大溜,随波逐流

好句

Facts have proved that the creative power of the masses knows no limit.

事实证明,群众的创造力是无穷的。

A mantis can′t stop the wheel of history;the wings of a crow can′t blot out the sun.

螳螂阻挡不了历史的车轮,乌鸦的翅膀遮不住太阳的光辉。

The young and the elderly may not judge things in the same way.

年轻人和年长者对事物的看法(判别)是不一致的。

It is an ill wind that blows no good.

没有对人人都有害的坏事。

Etiquette to society is what apparel is to the individual.

礼仪之于社会,犹如衣着之于个人。

There are always two sides to everything.

事情总是有两个方面。

You can′t eat your cake and have it.

凡事不能两全。

There is no 100 percent this way, nor 100 percent that way.

无论哪样做都不会十全十美。

Parties in a quarrel are both losers.

鹬蚌相争,渔翁得利。

Things develop ceaselessly.

事情总是发展的。

好段

Studying Abroad

I n recent years, studying abroad has been popular. Tens of thousands of Chinese students have gone to foreign countries to study.Many people are making great efforts to apply to go abroad.

There are many advantages in attending schools abroad. First, students who have studied abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures.Second, we can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries.Third, we can learn foreign languages more quickly.

However, there are some disadvantages. Most of the students are too young to live along by themselves without any living experience.Besides, being far a-way from their home country, they may feel lonely and homesick.Of course the costs are much higher there than in the native country.In spite of these, advanta-ges are more than disadvantages.In my opinion, it is advisable to attend schools abroad.

The Good and Bad Sides of Setting off FirecrackersD ear Editor,

I′m writing to tell you about our discussion we had on the afternoon of last Wednesday about the good and bad sides of setting off firecrachers during the Spring Festival. 20 boy and 20 girl students attended the discussion.As a re-sult,40% of them believe that setting off firecrackers certainly adds pleasure and joy to the festival, therefore, it is a wonderful tradition.But another 40% of the students think that setting off firecrackers causes air and noise pollution, and what’s worse, it sometimes causes terrible accidents to us and to our property.The other 20%have never thought about it or don’t care a bit.

Should Children Keep the Pocket Money Themselves

I n China, there is a custom. During the Spring Festival, nearly every par-ents and Grandparents give their children or grandchildren some money.The given money is called pin money.Because of this, there is a very serious problem:Should children keep the pin money themselves?Children always want to keep their pin money themselves.They think they can use the money to buy everything they want.But to their parents, they feel worried.They think children spending lots of money in a wrong way is a dangerous thing.Their children may foster bad habits.So they think their children should give the money to them.In my opinion, children can keep a small amount of money.Their parents can keep the rest of money.Children can also have enough money to use by themselves, and they won’t foster bad habits.

Top Hats

P eople usually refer to flattery as top hats. Some time ago, a teacher had taught two students who were going to take up jobs out of the province.They went to see the teacher.He told them,“Now you′re on your own in the world.Nowadays you cannot get things done without some crooked means.What-ever you do, be sure to send the one you have business with a top hat.Then you’ll find things easier.”One of the students said,“Thank you for your good advice.In the world nowadays, indeed there are very few people like you who do not care for top hats.”Hearing that, the teacher was very much pleased.Out of door one student said to the other,“One of my top hats has been given to our teacher.”

Maybe you′ll think the story is very interesting, but it prompts us to deep thought. Not only in the old times but also now people tend to hear flattery words, and feel honest words are unpleasant to the ears.If someone sings highly praises of them, they′ll feel very happy.Sometimes they are overwhelmed with so many top hats, and think that they are really the most talented, the most respect-able or the most powerful.Then they have no desire to go on with their pionee-ring work, and remain stagnant.Furthermore, on one hand, they take those that are flattering them as trustworthy friends, and even abuse their power to do something illegal for them.On the other hand, they take those honest people as enemies, and turn a deaf ear to others’good advice.This does great harm to the society.

Therefore, everyone in this society should be honest, refuse others′top hats and accept others′good advice.

Are Pets Good for People

N owadays different people have different opinions about whether pets are good for people or not.

Some people say that pets are our friends. We all need them because they can make us happy, ease our loneliness and help us do a lot of things.Often a cat or a dog can comfort us sometimes when human work does not help.

Other people think that keeping pets is dangerous to people, because some pets can cause some diseases. Every year some people die because their pets bring diseases to them, and keeping pets is a waste of time and money.

In my personal opinion, I agree with the first opinion. Because animals are our friends, they can bring happiness to us.If we keep pets clean, they will be safe to us.

The Eating Patterns

E ating patterns change over time. Ingredients cannot be seen before in a country might begin to appear in local markets, shipped from abroad.Mi-gration causes cultures to change, and eating patterns invariably reflect new in-fluences.

In the 20th century, few people have the time to go home for lunch, and many city dwellers find themselves in need of grabbing a bite to eat in a place close to their offices. As a result, the popularity of fast food and takeaway food has risen.In many urban areas, people who traditionally ate their main meal at midday now enjoy it in the evening, after work.

Changing eating patterns have an effect on other aspects of society. Meals have traditionally been times when members of a family catch up with each oth-er.Fast food and quick meals sometimes threaten such family get-together.

Over-protection Is Bad for Children

e all know that when flowers are kept in a warm and comfortable houses, W they are protected from the rain and wind and they can grow healthily. But once the flowers are taken out of the houses, they cannot stand the strong wind and heavy rain and will be destroyed because they are not strong enough.

Children are just like flowers in a greenhouse. In China, since the one-child policy was carried out, the child seems to be the center of the family.His parents and grandparents pay much attention to him/her.As a result, the over-protection makes the child unable to face the reality and society naturally.

In my opinion, children should not be spoiled and they should learn to sur-vive in this challenging world and get ready for the future life.Only in this way, can the child grow to be a useful person both to his family and society.

One-child Family

I n China, most of people begin to think that a family with only one child is better than the one with many children. Family planning tends to control population growth.Besides, parents have much more time to look after their child.So there are more and more one-child families.

But some people say that the one-child family may result in some social problems in the future.For instance, the child will feel lonely and sometimes be spoiled by their parents.

Compared with the different view, we can see that one-child family has more advantages.It benefits people as well as our country as a whole.

Of“Now”

“Now”is always coming and going without any hesitation, slinking away in a moment, even not concerning our requirement for its staying at all.

From the point of philosophy(哲学),“now”is not existing because“now”had gone away by my lip when I was saying about it.It had passed a second, then a minute without any mark when we were thinking of it.In the eyes of phi-losophers,“now”is considered as a link of the past and future, a moving point forever.

The revolutionary pioneer Li Dazhao had ever said,“The past has been the past, the future is not yet certain, the only thing we can hold tightly, is just the‘now′.”

Indeed,“now”is objectively existing as the link of the past and future al-though the quick going of“now”,giving the industrious people a standing point, to help them sum up the past and draw for the future.As a truth, the past will not be wasted, and the future will not be a dream only when we have been work-ing hard to hold every“now”,which exists with our life.In fact, what very good fighter has controlled the best is also their every expensive“now.”

For“now”,I review the past;for future, I′m fighting now. The past build“now”,but“now”must build future.With the passive factors in the past pros-perity developing day by day, it made today’s poverty.The vicissitudes history from the strong Tang Dynasty to weak Qing of China is an example.With the ac-tive factors in“now”’s poverty evolution year by year, our nation can take on a new look, too.The developing history of today’s China, I think, must be another example.The young people are the most active and vital force in society, the Four Modernization still wait for them to build.How to lead a significant“now”?For a student it just means studying hard to grasp practical skills—we can have the possibility of winning the future only with the foundation of“now”.

“Now”,is the link of the past and future,“now”,is the beginning of fight-ing.

How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities

T he population on earth is increasing rapidly, and with the development of modern industry, more and more people are flowing into cities. So, the housing problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious.

There have been many suggested solutions to this problem. And I′m in fa-vor of the idea of building satellite cities in suburbs.The fresh air and beautiful scenery will attract people leave the overcrowded city.With many people leaving the city, more space will be available for those remaining.We can find a lot of successful examples in other countries which solve the housing problem by building satellite cities.

Meantime, I don′t think developing to the underground will help solve the problem. I can hardly imagine that people will like to live under the ground, without the sky and the sun.It will make people feel totally uncomfortable.

The building of satellite cities is a good way to solve the housing problem. It will not only relieve the burden on the big city, but also provide a much better environment for people to live.Of course, there is no perfect way to solve the problem.The housing problem is very complicated, involving many other prob-lems such as traffic, so you cannot rely on one way to solve the problem com-pletely.

教育

好词

academic achievement学业成绩

analytical分析的

careful仔细的

comparative比较的

comprehensive/exten-sive广泛的

confine within text-books局限在书本知识中

conscientious自觉的

advocating quality-ori-

ented education提倡素质教育

assess估价;评价

average中等的

awful不好的

competitive竞争的

comprehensive广泛的

deep-rooted根深蒂固的

demanding要求高的

difficult困难的

好句

Because of the advantages and disadvantages involved in working part-time, you have to strike a balance between your study and the job.

由于兼职既有利又有弊,所以必须在学习和工作之间安排妥当。

Therefore, one can arrive at the meaning of an unknown word in context by relating it to the meaning of the words that stand around it.

因此,人们可以通过这个陌生词汇的上下文含义来推测其意思。

He explained the problem clearly by analyzing it point by point.

他条理清晰地把问题讲清楚。

You should analyze the essence of the problem.

你应该剖析问题的实质。

We approach the problem from different angles.

我们从不同角度探讨这一问题。

He was assiduous in performance of duty.

他勤勉地履行职责。

He spent much of his time boning up on the classics.

他用很多时间苦读古典作品。

Exam time was near, and more and more pupils were burning the mid-night oil.

考试时间快到了,开夜车念书的学生越来越多了。

They cheat even at the risk of being caught on exams.

他们甚至不惜冒着被抓住的危险考试作弊。

This dishonest behavior will do one more harm than good.

这一不诚实的行为对学生来说是没有什么好处的。

Cheating in the examination is a dishonest act.

考试作弊是一种不诚实的行为。

Many students are not aware of the consequence of cheating in exams.

许多学生没有意识到考试作弊的后果。

At first, two students cheated in the exam, and soon the others followedsuit.

起初,有两名学生考试时作弊,随后其他人也开始这样做。

The student was expelled for cheating in the chemistry exam.

这名学生因在化学考试中作弊被开除了。

Some students never think it wrong and shameful to cheat in exams.

有些学生从不认为考试作弊是错误的和可耻的。

Education benefits a nation.教育有利于国家。

If we can be well-educated, I believe our country can be strong and re-spected by others.

如果我们能受到好的教育,我相信我们国家将变得更加强大,会受到别人尊重。

Compulsory education means that parents are obliged to send their chil-dren to school.

义务教育意味着父母有义务送他们的孩子去学校读书。

Some parents think they are too poor to send their children to school.

一些父母认为他们穷得不能送他们的孩子去学校。

好段

About Examinations

I don′t remember how many examinations I′ve taken since I began my schooling. To tell you the truth, I don′t like examinations at all.I dare say that, in fact, no student likes examinations.

We often hear people say“Examinations are teachers′magic weapon”. So most of us may think it is our teachers who give us students so many examina-tions.But I don’t think so.Almost all of them had once been students before they became teachers.We don’t like examinations, and neither do our teachers, which may be reasonably concluded.What’s more, the more examinations we take, the more time will be taken from our teachers and the more trouble our teachers have to take.

It is the system in our country, I think, that gives us students so many ex-aminations.If there were no entrance examinations, and all the students could go up to the higher grades without competition, there would not be so many exami-nations in primary and middle schools.So it is important and necessary to reform the entrance system.Only in this way can examinations by greatly reduced, and then all the students will be happier.

The Value of Reading Books

P eople often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I don′t think so.In my opinion, to read books is more valuable than anything else.

The old saying“To open a book is always helpful”clearly shows us how good it is to read a book.

Books are our friends. They introduce us different kinds of knowledge.They lead us down the road to success.

Books are our teachers. They teach us truth, science, literature, and philoso-phy of life.Besides, they increase our knowledge, enlarge our experience, strengthen our character and do many other things which we can not do without them.

We have to learn as long as we live. But our life is limited, and the knowl-edge is boundless.There are many things which are very necessary to learn and there also many things which should be avoided.Books tell us what is good and what is evil, and only books can tell the good from the bad.

Therefore to read more books is the best policy for our young students.

Learning Inside and Outside Class

Q uality education is under heated discussion now in our country. I think ed-ucation of high quality should pay more attention to learning outside class, for learning inside and outside class are of the same importance.

Classroom learning is the base of our education, but textbook knowledge is not everything, for the knowledge gained from books is, after all, quite limited.

Besides the knowledge from books, there is much knowledge coming form practice. Without the combination of these two knowledges, we can achieve lit-tle.Just like learning driving a car, first of all, we must sit in the classroom, learning the knowledge of driving a car, and the car itself, through books.Thenwe must go out and sit in the car, trying to put what we’ve learnt from books into practice.

Knowledge comes from practice, while practice further enriches our knowl-edge.If we are going to solve problems in our everyday life and in our work in the future, we are in need of knowledge we have learnet inside and outside class.

However, when we say learning outside is important, we do not mean learn-ing in class is not so important.What we are learning in class is like the base of a building.If the base is not good enough, how can we expect to build a tall building upon it?

In a word, being students, we should pay attention to both learning inside and outside class.

On Study

M any of us students have had such experience that sometimes we felt quite dozy in class. During the class, the teacher tried his best to explain clear-ly and fired students one dull question after it hard to prevent the students from dozing away.So we can come to a conclusion that classes given in a dull way like that are boring and of little help to us students.

Thus if the classroom lesson is given in an interesting and lively way, things would be entirely different. Students in class would feel excited and curious so that they would be active in think, quick in learning.

A lively and challenging atmosphere is of vital importance in class, for this atmosphere can help tap your potential, arouse your curiosity and train your thinking, instead of purely passing knowledge onto the students.

Of course, we should not expect too much fun and pleasure in class. Learn-ing, after all, is a hard job.We must try to bear a lot of things in our mind, we must try to solve many difficult problems, we must do our homework independ-ently.All these are of little fun and pleasure, instead, they are sometimes painful and painstaking.

In my mind, genuine and lasting pleasure in our study does not come from the lively and challenging classroom atmosphere, but from our own creative and independent study, study that brings us inspirations, discoveries and sense of ac-complishment.

About College

W hy do we go to university?Different people have different opinions. Al-most every student has a great number of colorful dreams.They all think the university is a wonderful place which helps them realize their good dreams.Some students want to enter the university in order to get good jobs and high pay after they graduate from universities.

I think going to university will greatly enrich our knowledge and make a good base to enter the society in which competition is becoming increasingly in-tense.After the university we can serve our motherland better in the future.That’s why the university has a strong attraction for me.

失败与成功

好词

mistake错误

wrong in orientation方向错误

fundamental error根本性错误

fault in work工作失误

shortcoming in one′s

work工作中的缺点

regretable mistake

令人遗憾的错误

recurrent error屡犯的错误

plain error明显错误

venial fault轻微过失

failure失败

fault失误

annoying error讨厌的错误

little fault小过失

好句

Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。Wanting mutual support, victory is impossible.

没有互相支援,就不可能取胜。

The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them.

在这个世界上,取得成功的人是那些努力去寻找他们想要的机会的人;如果找不到机会,他们就自己创造机会。

There are only two creatures who can surmount the pyramids—the eagle and the snail.

能登上金字塔的动物只有两种——鹰和蜗牛。

A person certainly loses when he gives up trying.

一个人放弃了努力,就肯定一无所获。

The dream of yesterday is the hope of today and the reality of tomorrow.

昨天的梦想就是今天的希望和明天的现实。

A little of everything, and nothing at all.

万事浅尝辄止,终将一事无成。

He who gains time gains everything.

赢得时间的人,能赢得一切。

The best avenue to success is hard work.

勤奋是最佳的成功之道。

When we start again, we can succeed more easily.

当我们重新开始时,我们能更容易成功。

When we fail, we should make full use of our failure and learn from our experience.

当我们失败时,我们应该充分利用我们的失败,学习到经验。

Many people do not want to admit to having failed.

许多人不想承认失败。

Everyone dreams of attaining success in his career.

每个人在他的职业生涯中都梦想获得成功。

The way to success is not a smooth one.

成功之路充满崎岖和坎坷。

We cannot achieve success without effort and hard work.

没有付出和努力,我们不能获得成功。

好段

The Way to Success

U sually, successful people enjoy pleasure and admiration. They deserve this because success in any useful work is in the interest of society and we have to express our thanks to the successful for the efforts and contributions they have made.

The way to success differs from person to person and from case to case. On-ly very idle people would wish to succeed by mere chance.A wise, diligent per-son knows there is no golden path but a difficult road:hard work.He tries to find tasks that may give full use of his talent.He is good at taking advice.He persists in his efforts so as to be prepared for any chance available.

Though few people succeed in great things, practically all people do suc-ceed in something ordinary.It is useless to dream of building a great house in the air.One should make efforts to tasks suitable for his ability.As long as one tries one’s best, one will be able to look back with satisfaction and look forward with hope.

Is Success Measured in Terms of Money

A lthough the deep-rooted concept that success is measured in terms of mon-ey has been accepted by most of people, I doubt whether it can stand much examination.True, certain success goes hand in hand with money, but it doesn’t follow that one’s success is necessarily in proportion to his money.To my mind, some other things may count more.

Take the scientists in the field of astronautics for example. They hold the a-bility to send man-made satellites into outer space, yet their pockets haven’t got full as expected by the laymen.But we cannot conclude that they are not suc-cessful.On the contrary, their success is measured by the things done for the country.Another case in point refers to Lei Feng.While he owed almost no per-sonal possessions, no one could deny the success in his life.In fact, his whole-hearted service to others went far more than any amount of money.

Unfortunately, there exist a lot of people who are too fond of making money and struggle for it by fair means or foul. Among them, some are successful while others are complete failures, for they have done nothing good for the people.All these examples can be the proof of the denial of the blind belief that success is measured in terms of money.

Learning from Failure

S mall and medium-sized businesses should draw lessons from the failure of some of other businesses to keep sustained development.

A lot of small and medium-sized companies have been set up like mush-rooms in the past twenty years, speeding up the country’s economic growth.

However, while some of them became larger successfully, a large number suddenly found themselves in a tight corner after a period of rapid growth.

One reason behind their downfall is that the fast beginning period of growth meant they put too much attention on the speed of their development, not their actual technical and management capability and the market conditions.

In fact, the growth of any business should be based on making the most of its property. Otherwise, too quick low-cost growth through impractical ways would just increase the company’s money problem.

Another reason that brought some small and medium-sized businesses to an early end is that the bosses put their energies from improving economic efficien-cy into going after non-economic goals.

Such practice is harmful to their companies.

In addition, family management used to be popular among small and medi-um-sized businesses, especially among the ones which were personally owned.It is true that such management has made a lot for the growth of many businesses in their early days.

Nevertheless, as these companies expand, proper management must be in-troduced to attract and keep the right kind of bright people to ensure further pro-gress.

Is Failure a Bad Thing

F ailure is quite a common thing in our life. As long as we do things we will surely encounter difficulties.Of course we should try our best to get over them, but in many cases, it is not so easy, or even impossible.Then how should we face failure?

Different people take different attitudes towards failure. When faced with failure, some people become frustrated and lose their self-confidence.They re-fuse to make any further efforts.These people will probably never amount to any-thing in life.Some people just don’t fear failure.They firmly believe that failure is the mother of success.As a result, not only can failure stop them, but they draw useful lessons from it and try even harder.Such people are sure to succeed someday.

As for me, I don′t think failure is a bad thing. Failure can never discourage me but only help enrich my experience and steel my will.With this positive atti-tude in mind, I will try hard in anything I’m determined to accomplish and attain success in the end.

What Should Do If Failing the Examination

T he college entrance examination is near at hand. The students are studying hard.During the break, a student told us if he failed the examination, his parents would be angry with him and thought that he is a useless man, for his parents were very strict with him.One of my classmates said to the student that not all of us could go to college.If he failed, he would teach himself to serve the people.So long as each of us tries hard, we won′s be regretful at all.There is a good saying,“All roads lead to Rome.”We must seize the opportunity and our future.

How To Succeed In Life

T here are winners and losers in life. Winners are achievers and losers are day-dreamers.Achievers are people who find life a challenge, while day-dreamers easily give up on life.

Successful people can be as stubborn as a mule but can also flex and bend whenever the situation calls for it. They are very determined people but are never narrow-minded or shortsighted.

Successful people work hard. They rarely procrastinate.In summary, it takes a strong will to be a successful person.

Hard Work Leads to Success

W e all want to succeed in study and work, but not everyone has confidence and perseverance. An important reason is that there are absences of hard work.There are many difficulties before gaining success.We must try our best to smooth them away.

Nothing is difficult to the man who works hard. Charles Dickens was one of the greatest novelists in English literature.Because of poor family, he had little education in boyhood.But he didn′t lose heart.He learned diligently, reading in the library of the British museum in his spare time, while he had to work to sup-port the whole family.He devoted himself to English literature, so he poured out novel after novel.“Oliver Twist”“The Old Curiosity Shop”“A Tale of Two Cit-ies”are the most famous.If he hadn’t worked so hard, Dickens wouldn’t have been so successful.

Christopher Columbus spent eighteen years in planning for that splendid voyage which he later made across the great ocean. He often worked late into night.In the end, covered the New World on 12th of October,1492.The new continent is called America now.

We also know many scientists such as Einstein, Edison, Mao Yishen, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao, who have great success in work. All these people have one thing in common—working hard.It is hardwork that leads them to suc-cess.

Let everyone of us remember forever:Laziness spells failure. Only with hard work are we sure of success.

Failure

F ailure is a common thing in our daily life. Anyone in the world is sure to have met with it.Even some famous people, who have achieved a lot in their fields, were certain to have experienced failure.

Towards failure, different people have different attitudes. Some people seem to have nothing to do with it, and just continue to do his work without effect;oth-ers are effected by it, lose heart and give up.

In my opinion, failure is not a bad thing. As a saying goes,“Failure teaches success.”

人生励志

好词

secret hope暗中希望

aspiration抱负

honest desire诚意

earnest hope诚挚的希望

ardent hope炽热的愿望

lofty aspiration崇高的抱负

lofty ideal崇高理想

personal ideal个人理想

personal ambition个人野心

personal aspiration个人志向

eager to do well in eve-rything好强

seeking to do others down好胜

great plan宏图

great aspiration宏愿

firm hope坚定的希望

enterprising spirit进取心

ideal理想

coming to nothing落空

good prospect美好的前景

好句

The quarrels of friends are the opportunities of foes.

朋友的不和,就是敌人的机会。

There exists a generation gap between the young and the old.

青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。

In whatever situation men can be placed, they may find conveniences and inconveniences.

人们不论处在什么情况下,总会有顺利和不顺利的地方。

It is a common saying that we do not value a thing till we lose it.

有句俗语:失去的东西才会觉得珍贵。

The most dangerous enemies are those who pretend to be friends.

最危险的敌人,就是那些伪装成朋友的人。

No one is free from mistakes.人没有不犯错误的。

Nobody lives without faults.人无完人。

He who idles away the time is nothing but a living death.

虚度年华者,虽生犹死。

Happiness is like manna, which is to be gathered and enjoyed everyday.

幸福犹如甘露,应该天天采来品尝。

A smooth sea never made a skillful mariner.

平静的大海造就不了熟练的水手。

A wise man is nevertheless alone than when(he is)alone.

智者孤独如同独处。

好段

Hope and Disappointment

H ope and disappointment are twins. Hope can lead to disappointment, but it also makes you get another hope.And although disappointment may be the result of hope, it also may be the beginning of another hope.

Hope and disappointment are enemies. If we consider hope is an angel who fights for freedom, then we can think that disappointment is a ghost on the way to freedom.

Hope is fire, disappointment is water;hope is light, disappointment is dark-ness.They exist at the same time.But we shouldn’t give up hope because of great disappointment.

We must remember this sentence at all times:“We must accept finite dis-appointment, but we must never lose infinite hope.”

Joy and Sorrow

I n our life, joy and sorrow are like shadows that follow and go along with us. Sometimes we are in joy.Sometimes we are in sorrow.At times we can-not tell joy from sorrow.

What is joy?In the nature that is going on forever, joy is a driving power, which pushes the world forward. A joyful person has a sound mind and lives a happy life.He takes part in good activities and shares the joy with his fellows in the cause.It can be said that the joyful person is satisfied from being kind to others.

Sorrow is often self-sought.The desire for power adds to one’s sorrow.When the desire for power goes side by side with the desire for fame and wealth, it be-comes the root of sorrow.Besides, envy, revenge and vanity are also sources of sorrow.The three evils exist in man’s imagination.People suffer from them with-out knowing.

To be happy one must get free from sorrow led by desire and imagination.

No Pains, No Gains

T he well-known proverb“No pains, no gains”reminds us that behind every success, there is often much effort.It suggests that if you want to achieve a goal, you can’t do it through idleness, or expect success to come to you easily.Sometimes getting what we want takes determination.

Studying English is an example of this proverb. How can we learn a lan-guage so different from our own?We must overcome our embarrassment at mak-ing mistakes as well as work hard to master the complex grammar and vocabula-ry.All these take a long time, but if we persevere, the effort will definitely seem worth it.The pain of our efforts will turn into the gain of knowing a new lan-guage.

On Confidence

A s we all know,“Failure is the mother of success.”But, I just want to say:“Success is the baby of confidence.”First of all, confidence makes us happier in our life. Life is like a wonderful song, a bright and colourful painting.If confidence is with us in our life, we will find that life really becomes richer and more interesting.Have you ever seen professional women around you?In fact, they are not necessarily very beautiful, but from their sweet smiles, you can feel the power of self-confidence that moves and touches us.It is confidence that makes their faces glow with charm(魅力).Then, confidence makes us brave and courageous.Have you ever thought about what is the most difficult thing to con-quer(征服)?A boundless ocean?A vast expanse of desert, or a high and steep mountain?My answer is“No.”In fact, the most difficult thing to conquer is just yourself.Perhaps you will ask:“Myself?But why?”Think it over, and you will easily find why.If we lack confidence in ourselves, how can we overcome diffi-culties we meet with?If we lack confidence in ourselves, how can we succeed in developing ourselves in the future?And if we lack confidence in ourselves, how can we do our best for the construction of our motherland?Without confidence, nothing can be accomplished.That is to say, if you want to win, you have to be-lieve in yourself.

四、描写文

人物描写

好词

tall高

leggy腿细长的(用于形容女性)

big高

short矮

petite娇小(指女子)

small娇小(指女子)

a fair complexion皮肤白皙

a dark complexion肤色黑

tan褐色/古铜色皮肤

a perfection complexion好皮肤

好句

She is excited with joy at my success.

她为我的成功而欣喜。

I couldn′t restrain my excitement.

我抑制不住激动的心情。

He is never bored with teaching.

他诲人不倦。

I was in a state of confusion.

我不知所措。

He is puzzled about my words.

他对我的话感到不解。

He has acquired a taste in music.

他很爱好音乐。

He showed great enthusiasm in pursuing the new learning.

他对追求新知识有极大的热情。

I never slack off in study.我学习从不松懈。

I was awarded special scholarship for a good scholastic record.

我因成绩优异而获得特别奖金。

He has great ability to express himself in writing.

他有极强的书面表达能力。

He played the piano with skill.他钢琴弹得熟练。He attained skill through practice.

他通过练习达到熟练。

He is a student.他是一个学生。

He is fourteen years old.他十四岁。

He comes from Guangdong province.他是广东人。

He studied hard.他学习努力。

She is a small, thin girl with long brown hair.

她是一个又矮又瘦有着褐色长发的女孩。

She has a long black hair which hangs down to her shoulders.

她有一头披肩黑发。

He is a smart young man who is always well-dressed.

他是一个穿着讲究的时髦男子。

He is frank and straight-forward.

他坦白率直。

She is modest in her behavior.

她言行谦逊。

He is a man of perseverance.

他是个有毅力的人。

好段

My Good Teachers

I like my English teacher. She has beautiful blonde hair and blue eyes.She is very kind and is a good teacher.

She is both my teacher and my friend. I have known her since I was in pre-school.She very patiently helps us learn.When I make a mistake she lets me re-do it, saying that it doesn’t matter, just remember to be more careful next time.

I like my Chinese teacher. She has black hair and black eyes.She is nice to me and my classmates.

One time, the teacher told everyone to write an essay. She asked me,“Lu-lu, do you have any difficulty”I answered,“I’m not afraid of difficulty.I’ll give it a try.”“Lulu is the youngest;yet she works hard.Everyone should follow her ex-ample,”she said.I knew this was a compliment from my teacher and it encour-aged me to keep on learning.

These are my good teachers and when I grow up I will not forget them!

An Honest and Humorous Teacher

G regory, an American, teaches English in Zhengzhou University. He was born in October 1951.After graduating from a university in 1972,he went to South Africa.Twenty years later, he came to China and became a teacher in Zhengzhou University.

He loves China and Chinese students very much. He also takes great inter-est in educational cause.He has a lot of ways to make his classes lively and in-teresting.In the past eight years, he has put his heart and soul in his work and study.

He is considered as an honest, humorous teacher, and he is respected and loved by the students and the teachers.

About Myself

M y name is Li Hua. I was born in the city of Dalian, Liaoning Province.I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990.Then I entered No.6 Middle School where I mainly learned the subjects like Chinese, mathe-matics, English, physics, chemistry and computer.I have been very fond of and good at English and computer ever since.Therefore I got the first prize in the school computer competition last year.My hobbies include swimming in sum-mer, skating in winter as well as collecting stamps and listening to popular music in my spare time.

I really hope I can make greater progress in the future.

My Mother

M y mother is just over fifty, so she has experienced two periods just like our country, showing both the traditional goodness and modern ideas.

Like all mothers, she is responsible and devotes most of her efforts to our family. So sometimes I feel regretful for her to give up her work.But she thinks it is the proper social role for a woman to be a housewife.She is satisfied with the family members′achievements.She insists on keeping her children under her wings.You see how traditional she is.

However, she is intelligent and has received the high education, it is easy for her to accept something new. In recent years, she is interested in the stock.Therefore, she cares about the political and economic situation of the country and the world, and actively collects information of the companies whose stocks she bought.What is more, she is a fan of the Argentine football team.So she was very sad after the defeat of this team in the 14th World Cup Tournament.

I love my mother, just because she loves me. Since we share some interests such as playing chess.We get chances to communicate with each other, which makes us close friends.

My Mother′s Eyes

M y mother has a pair of quick eyes which can speak. When I suffer set-backs, her eyes seem to say,“Be brave, dear!”

When I was a baby learning to walk with great difficulty, my mother always lent me a hand and her eyes seemed to say,“Be brave and try again, dear!”Encouraged by her eyes, I stood up and moved bravely inch by inch toward her. When I threw myself into her arms at last, her eyes shone with happiness.

Later, the more I learned, the more difficulties I met with. But my mother′s eyes always encouraged me.For example, when I was learning how to ride a bike, I was clumsy and fell off over and over again.I was discouraged.But her firm eyes stared at me, telling me to be brave and try again.With her encourage-ment I could ride my bike very well before long.

When I failed in exams, my mother wouldn′t blame me. On the contrary what I did in my papers would open her eyes to find my mistakes.And she would help me find out the reasons and want me to take my courage in bothhands.

Now I have grown up and don′t have to depend so much on my mother. But whenever I suffer a setback, I feel as if my mother′s eyes flashed across my mind with her encouraging words,“Be brave, dear!”

Zhou Enlai

Z hou Enlai was born in Huai′an, Jiangsu, province on March 5,1898. In 1917,he finished school in Nankai Middle School, and then went to France to learn Marxist Theory.In 1922,he joined the Chinese Communist Par-ty.After that, he was active in his work and directed the Party work in Shang-hai.

He led the famous uprising—Nanchang Uprising on August 1,1927. Then he took part in the Long March.From 1937 to 1945,he worked in South China.

After the People′s Republic of China was founded, he was elected Premier of China. He put all his heart into the work and always worked until midnight.He had no time to think about himself, but only the Chinese people.

Premier Zhou died on January 8,1976. The whole nation was in deep sor-row at his death.For he was loved by all the people.Our beloved Premier Zhou will always be alive in our Chinese people’s hearts.He was a great Marxist and communist.

Ma Jia Jun

M a Junren is the coach of Liaoning middle and long distance team. His runners, known as“Ma Jia Jun”,broke world records four times in the long distance running.They got the top places many times in the world events.When asked about the achievements, Ma said it took him 24 years to bring the women runners up to world class.The key factors in his runners′success were strict training and scientific management.It was under Coach Ma′s direction and through their hard work that the runners made great progress.

Mr Beloved Mother

M y mother is a kind and gentle woman. She takes good care of her children and keeps them all at school.

I have two brothers and two sisters so my mother has too much to do in bringing us up. As our family is too poor to keep a servant, my mother has always to do much work.She gets up early and sleeps very late every day.

She is also thrift and industrious. She saves every penny that she can and keeps everything in order.As she is busy all the time, she looks older than she really is.Her face is wrinkled, her hair becomes silver white, and some of her teeth become movable.But she works as hard as ever without complaining.

She often says to us,“Work while you work, play while you play. If you do not work, you will become lazy and of no use to society.”This is a good piece of advice which should be always kept in our mind.

My First Teacher

M y first teacher is Mother. She loves me very much, the same as I love her.

She has taught me a lot about life. Since my childhood, mother has told me not to tell lies because honesty is a merit.She has told me not to be afraid of trouble, and never do things by halves.

Mother liked telling me stories when I was young. The stories are so inter-esting that I can remember them clearly even today.They always make me laugh or feel happy.And mother’s gift for description lends much colour to her stories.

Mother is always very patient with me, but she is very strict. She has always taught me to be modest and prudent.She says, she will support me whether or not I succeed.

Mother is always ready to lend a hand. She is a teacher.She loves her students as much as she loves me.She says that children specially need to be taken good care of.She has formed a close friendship with all of her students.

Mother told me that where there′s a will, there′s a way. I have decided to be a high school teacher after I graduate from college.My will is to become a good teacher like my mother.

场面描写

好词

nervous紧张的

excited令人激动的

cheerful欢呼的

motionless静止的

nervine神经的

briefly简略的

amusing有趣的

witty诙谐的

surprise吃惊

solemn严肃的

gentle宽仁的

atmosphere气氛

cheer喝彩

wonderful奇妙的

unforgettable难忘的

signs of merry life欢乐

的景象

好句

The hall was so quiet, you could have heard a pin drop.

大厅内静得一根针掉下来都能听得见。

I saw everything going at sixes and sevens.

我看到所有东西都弄得乱七八糟的。

New factories, new colleges and universities are mushrooming up in these districts.

新的工厂、学院和大学在这些地区如雨后春笋般建立起来。

The time was 10:30,and traffic on the street was light.

时间是10点30分,街上来往的车辆稀少了。

The beams of the searchlights fingered the sky.

一道道探明灯光刺破天空。

A magnificent view opened before our eyes.

一幅宏伟的景象展现在我们的眼前。

The street was brightly lit.

街上灯火辉煌。

The fireworks went off in a cascade of color.

烟火散开像一幅五彩缤纷的瀑布。

The whole city is in holiday array.

整个城市披上了节日的盛装。

好段

In the Examination Room

W hen I, as one of the monitors, got to the examination room the other day, all the examinees were already there. There were still ten minutes before we monitors gave them papers.I sensed that the atmosphere was frozen.It seemed that an important event would soon happen, and the future of the exam-ines would be determined at that very moment.Some sat there, looking worried;some looking confident;some looking tired and nervous with their eyes surroun-ded by two big black circles.From this glance, I could make out that they must have stayed up very late in preparing for today’s examination.

Soon the bell broke the silence.

The examination papers were handed out to them. They quickly glanced o-ver the questions and, at the same time, made their choice.Some sighed with great relief, some smiled, while some scratched their heads savagely.At my rate, most of them lost not a second to start working.

Soon, the room was drowned in the noise of scratching paper and of regular breathing.

The bell rang again and all papers were handed in. All the examinees streamed out of the room, busily exchanging their opinions and their results.Some talked loudly, wearing triumphant smiles on their faces while others made low voices, looking defeated.

Busy Street in the Morning

I f you live on the street, a busy scene appears before your eyes every morn-ing when you happen to open your window.

You can see a lot of people rushing by, pupils to school, workers and cadres to work and housewives to markets.

In the street, the police are busy guiding the traffic. All kinds of traffic are travelling up and down on their own ways.

You can also hear sorts of noises, such as the school bells, shoutings from people, and mothers′calling their children etc.

Morning is the busiest time of the day.

The Flood is Coming

A bout four o′clock it began to rain again—to pour. We set out basins to catch the raindrops so that we would have water to drink.Soon it began to get dark, and we all began to feel creepy.We had no light in the house, only matches.And all the time the water kept rising.It crawled up the steps, one after another.If it came any farther, there was no place for us to go except the roof.But we all kept all courage up.As the faint light of dawn was coming, we looked out.The water was still whirling by.But it didn′t rise much farther.

A Big Fire

T here was a big fire in one office building in our neighbourhood at about nine o′clock last night. Many firemen and fire engines came.In the begin-ning, we saw flames with thick black smoke coming out from the sixth floor;and we also heard the explosion of the gas tank mixed with the noisy sounds from shattering windows.Soon the fire spread one by one to the floors above, and fi-nally reached the top floor.Some aluminum window frames and some brick walls melted and collapsed from the heat.Many people like myself stood outside on the streets watching the fire in horror as we heard the sirens and gas explosion.Luckily there was no one in that office building when the fire broke out……

The Departure

A fter lunch, pictures were taken on the front lawn, addresses were ex-changed and everyone promised to write.Jim stood on the front steps and extended his hand to Eugene.“Thank you for your hospitality.Thank you for everything you’ve done for us.”

“We′re very happy to……”Eugene began to say, but he couldn′t finish. Jimnodded and patted him on the back.

Betty and Maureen embraced;so did Jim and Louise. They were strong em-braces, and tears came at the same time.It was as if by holding and sharing, they all were helping to replace harsh memories with happier ones.

Matthew and Danny had their arms wrapped around each other.“You′re my friend,”Danny said.

“You are my friend too,”Matthew answered.“You come to my house and play next time.”

A Basketball Game

T he game was scheduled to start at eight o′clock on Friday night. Long be-fore that, people began to arrive at the gymnasium.By seven-thirty the seats were almost filled.The school band was there;they wore yellow and black uniforms.They started to play at about a quarter to eight.Every body stood up, and the people sang.The game was about to start.Two teams ran out to the floor.The referee blew his whistle, and the game started.A basketball game is divided into two halves, and each half is divided into two quarters.There is a rest period between the halves.During the first five minutes of the second half, the score was tied.From then on, the game was very exciting.First one team made a basket, then the other.The people cheered, and everybody was wonder-ing which team was going to win.The ball hit the rim of the basket and seemed to hang there for a moment, and then it fell through the basket.The whistle blew, and the game was over.Home team won,70 to 68.

景物描写

好词

admirable美妙的

attractive吸引人的

beautiful美丽的

bucolic农村生活的

charming迷人的

delightful可爱的

fascinating吸引人的

grand壮丽的

idyllic田园般的

imposing印象深刻的

impressive难忘的

inspiring使人振奋的

inviting诱人的

majestic雄伟壮丽的

mountainous多山的

picturesque景色如画的

rugged崎岖的

superb极美的

unique独特的

diversified各式各样的

dull/monotonous单调的

好句

The hill commands a fine distant view.

从这座山上可以眺望美丽的远景。

With the coming of spring, everything looks fresh and gay.

春回大地,万象更新。

Forest-clad mountains and limpid streams complete the scene here.

这里山清水秀,景色优美。

South China has green hills and clear waters and is full of beautiful scen-ery.

中国的江南山明水秀,风景优美。

The two hills and the valley formed a beautiful landscape.

那两座小山和山谷构成了一幅美丽的风景。

The scenery here is like another world.

这里的景色真是别有天地。

With brilliant light blazing everywhere on Christmas night, the city looked most magnificent.

圣诞节的夜晚城里到处灯火辉煌,格外壮观。

Mountains and rivers in my hometown are as beautiful as pictures.

家乡的山水美如画。

It is a picturesque village.

那是个风景如画的村庄。

The scenery is strongly impressed on my memory.

那里的景色深深地印在我的记忆中。

What a lovely scenery it is!

这儿的景物多么优美啊!

The ships in the bay present a beautiful sight.

海湾内的船舶呈现一派美丽的景致。

好段

The Oriental Pearl TV Tower

W alking along the beach, we can see the Shanghai Oriental Pearl TV Tower standing like a giant on the other side of the Huangpu River. It′s visited by thousands of people from different parts of the country and the world every day.

The Shanghai Oriental Pearly TV Tower, which can be seen from far away, is 468 metres tall. It′s the tallest TV tower in Asia and the third tallest in the world.From the TV tower, we can get a clear view of

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