作者：王敬慧,罗立胜
出版社：清华大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
博士生入学考试英语备考指南(第三版)试读：
版权信息书名：博士生入学考试英语备考指南（第三版）作者：王敬慧,罗立胜排版：清茉出版社：清华大学出版社出版时间：2012-05-01ISBN：9787302284932本书由清华大学出版社有限公司授权北京当当科文电子商务有限公司制作与发行。— · 版权所有 侵权必究 · —前 言近几年来，随着高等院校研究生教育的迅速发展，报考博士研究生的人数逐年有所增加。博士研究生规模的扩展，一方面是高等院校，特别是重点大学学术和科研发展的需要，另一方面也是我国科学研究达到更高水平的实际要求。它从一个方面反映了我国高等教育向更高层次发展的趋势。
博士研究生教育是我国高等教育的最高层次，也是培养高质量专门人才的重要途径。因此，攻读博士学位者，要求考生一方面应具备坚实的专业理论基础和很强的科研能力，另一方面还应具备较好的外语水平。虽然博士生入学考试由各校自行命题，但是英语一般为入学考试中的一门重要课程。英语考试的成绩在一定的程度上直接影响到考生能否被录取。
为了更好地帮助考生准备博士研究生英语入学考试，2008年，我们根据多年来北京地区有关院校的考试题型、考试项目、难易度等进行了归纳，修订出版了本书的上一版《博士生入学考试英语备考指南》。该书出版以后受到了广大考生的欢迎，究其原因，主要是因为它概括了博士入学考试的主要变化和最常出现的题型，而且具有如下的主要特点：
1）考虑到考生报考不同的院校，本书概括了5种最主要的考试项目。特别是在不考听力理解的情况下，帮助考生加强主观题型的训练和实践。
2）试卷的题型、题量、难易度尽可能与目前各校博士生入学考试相近。
3）在每套试题和专项练习之后附有参考答案和解释。考生可先做试题，然后参照答案和解释解决存在的问题。
4）试题的原材料基本选、摘、编自国外各种图书、报刊、词典、考题等。以求题材广泛，内容新颖。
5）附近年来4所高等院校的博士研究生英语入学考试真题。
6）本书主要适用于报考博士研究生的考生，同时也适用于报考同等类型考试的考生以及EPT、大学英语六级等高级英语水平考试。
这本书出版三年以来，一直为备考博士研究生的广大考生所青睐。受清华大学出版社和本书第一版主编罗立胜教授的委托，我们根据目前的博士生考试情况，对本书又进行了修订，希望能够给考生提供更大的帮助。
我们在编写此书的过程中，得到清华大学出版社、清华大学、北京大学、北京师范大学、中国科学院等相关单位的大力支持与帮助，在此表示衷心的感谢。因时间仓促，水平有限，不妥之处在所难免，恳请读者批评指正。编者 2012年4月第1部分考试指导
为了帮助考生更好地准备博士生英语入学考试，我们重点介绍一下有关考试的情况以及如何进行更有针对性的复习。虽然博士生英语入学考试由各院校自行命题，考试的项目也不尽相同，但是它们有许多方面是有共性的。首先，英语入学考试都以普通英语为基础。其次，它们都覆盖了主要的语言考查项目，如：词汇、阅读、写作、翻译等。本部分将根据主要的考试项目进行必要的介绍和提供实践素材。考试性质
根据《中华人民共和国学位条例暂行实施办法》的有关规定，外国语是为获得博士学位的考试科目。这就需要博士研究生入学前应具备相应的外语水平，以适应博士生阶段的学习及研究工作的需要。教育部研究生工作办公室颁布的《硕士、博士学位研究生英语教学大纲》指出，“博士生入学时其英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的水平”。硕士研究生英语水平的几个主要参数如下：
1）词汇——应理解性掌握5500个左右的常用单词及500个左右常用词组。
2）阅读——速度达到每分钟70～80词，读后能正确理解中心思想及内容。
3）写作——1小时内写出300词左右的短文，正确表达思想，语意连贯。
4）翻译——英译汉每小时400个左右英文词；汉译英每小时250个左右汉字。
博士生入学英语考试的性质是一种水平考试，主要考核实际掌握和运用英语的能力。考试内容及项目
博士入学英语考试以普通英语为主，题材通常包括文化、历史、科普、人物传记、社会风俗等；体裁有叙事、议论、描述、应用文等。单词量一般控制在5500常用词（其中包括中学和高中的2000单词，大学的3000单词以及硕士生500单词）。各校考试的难度基本上确定在硕士生通过考试和大学英语5至6级的水平上。考虑到博士生阶段的实际需要，英语部分的考试采取了一定比例的主客观题。一般情况下主观题占总分的30％左右，客观题占70％左右。采用的主要考试项目有：1）词汇；2）阅读理解；3）完形填空；4）写作；5）翻译等。
为了帮助考生了解博士生入学英语考试的命题要点、各项测试要求和评分标准，我们从考试项目的5个方面做一概括性介绍。词汇及单项训练
这部分试题的目的是测试考生识别和运用词汇及短语的能力，一般占总分的10％～15％。考生重点要掌握对名词、动词、形容词、短语及固定搭配的判断和理解，其中包括区分同义词、近义词、反义词等。下面我们主要介绍一下四种主要词类以及在复习时需要注意的有关事项。1．动词及动词短语
动词及动词短语的测试点包括：1）动词的认知能力和辨别能力；2）动词用法的掌握；3）动词搭配关系的熟练程度。在动词部分中，考生首先应该具备较好的认知能力，即遇见一个动词后，能够较快地确定它的前两个或前三个词意。如：reproduce v.，第一个词意是“复制”，第二个词意是“繁殖”。在考试中，检查考生这一能力的题是比较多的，考生应该能够根据上下文确定动词的有关词意。
考生在平时复习动词及动词词组时，还需注意以下几点：
1）不规则动词的词形变化
有一定数量的动词，其过去式和过去分词与原形不同。这部分词汇在测试中起到较强的干扰作用。在5500词汇中类似动词较多，以下仅举部分例子：动词原形过去式过去分词awoke, awakenawake 唤醒awokeflungflungfling 扔，抛abode,abidedabode, abidedabide 遵守forbade,forbadeforbid 禁止forbiddenfreeze 结冰frozefrozen
2）动词词形相近，词意不同
一些动词在词形上相似，但其词义是不同的。考生在平时复习时，需注意对它们的辨别。下面就这方面的词汇，举几个例子：compeinquirevt.打听，询问vt.强迫，迫使屈从lrequireimpelvt.要求，命令vt.促成，推动 ensurerescuevt.保证，担保vt.援救，营救secureinsurevt.给……保险vt.保护，使……安全
3）动词词意相近，用法不同
arrive vi. 该动词后面需采用at, in, on等介词。 He arrived in Beijing yesterday.
reach vt. 该动词为及物动词，直接跟宾语。 They reached the village yesterday.
insist v. insist后面需用介词on He insists on going to the hospital tomorrow.
persist v. persist后面需用介词in He persisted in working on this experiment.
4）动词后需用动名词
有一批动词的后面只能使用动名词。在词汇考试部分中，有时要求考生能够正确判断动词的这一用法。这类常见动词有：envyanticipatedelayavoidescapemissmindriskenjoycompleteimagineband
5）动词后可用动名词或不定式
还有一些动词的后面既可以使用动名词，也可以使用不定式。这类常见动词有：preferbegincontinuedislikelikeproposeregretrememberdeserveintendneglectattemptforget
6）动词后需用不定式
英语动词中，还有一些动词的后面只能使用不定式。这类常见动词有：arrangeclaimdemanddetermineexpectpretendpromiseintend
7）动词固定搭配
动词的固定搭配是英语测试中的一个很重要的项目。动词的搭配关系主要反映在动词与介词，动词与名词的关系上。（1）动词与介词的搭配：come up to达到，符合； cut down 削减，降低（2）动词与名词的搭配：take action采取行动； keep balance 保持平衡（3）动词与名词和介词的搭配：gain an advantage over 胜过，优于2．名词
在复习英语名词时需注意：
1）英语中有许多名词是由希腊及拉丁词根加上前缀、后缀构成。大量的名词后缀是表示性质、状态和行为的。如：-ity productivity（生产力）-ment movement（运动）-ship hardship（艰难）-ness weariness（厌倦）
还有表示“……人”、“……者”的后缀，除了-er、-or、-ar、-ee、-eer、-ese、-ess等大家熟悉的以外，还有：-ate：candidate（候选人）-al：rival（对手）-ist：socialist（社会主义-ist：physicist（物理学家）者）
表示地点、处所的有：-ium：auditorium（礼-ery：surgery（手术室）堂）-ory：laboratory（实验室）
2）有些名词由其他词类转换而来。如：the wounded（受伤者，伤员），the sick（病人）；由短语动词come out转来的outcome（结果），还有well-being（福利）等。
3）需要注意名词的复数形式。如：改-y为i＋es，在-o后加es或s，改-f为v＋es，这些都是我们已熟知的。还有一些大家不太熟悉的名词复数形式。如：（1）以-f结尾的名词，构成复数时只加-s，如：
cliffs（悬崖） griefs（忧愁） gulfs（海湾） proofs（证据）（2）源自拉丁语、希腊语及法语的一部分外来词的复数形式仍然保留不变。phenomenon/phenomena（现象）stimulus/stimuli（刺激）analysis/analyses（分析）hypothesis/hypotheses（假设）（3）有些名词的复数形式兼有单数形式的意义和新的意义。letter字母；信letters字母；信/文学，学问manner方式，方法manners方式，方法/礼貌3．形容词
在复习形容词时需要注意下面几个方面的问题：
1）注意词形相近的形容词。如：conspicuous, miraculous, meticulous, incredulous等。
2）注意积累大量的同义词和反义词。如：generous的反义词有miserly, mean, stingy, selfish等。
3）注意把形容词的学习和动词的学习结合起来。如：indicate——indicative; receive——receptive; inquire——inquisitive等。
4）注意把名词的学习和形容词的学习结合起来。如：defect——defective, intention——intentional等。
5）注意以-ly结尾的单词的词性。名词加-ly多构成形容词。如：heavenly, womanly，worldly等。
6）注意有些不规则形容词的比较级和最高级的变化形式。如：原级比较级最高级littleless（lesser）leastfarther（further）farthest（furthest）far
7）注意与介词的搭配。如：
与of搭配的形容词：guilty, jealous, envious, ignorant, hopeful, aware, conscious, considerate等。
与介词to搭配的形容词：adjacent, advantageous, beneficial, alert, alien, agreeable, comparative, attentive, awake, pertinent, relevant, subject, susceptible, contrary等。
与介词with搭配的形容词：consistent, compatible, identical, popular, satisfied等。4．副词
在复习副词时，需要注意的是：副词的不同类型、用法、构成及特点。
1）副词的分类主要有：
①地点、方向副词:如here, there, outside, west, left, straight, over, on, in, out, off, somewhere, anywhere, up, down, over, away等。
②方式副词：如largely, neatly, quickly, well, together, slowly, fast等。
③时间副词：如tomorrow, today, last, ago, recently, immediately, just等。
④频率副词：如sometimes, often, usually, hardly, seldom, always, frequently等。
⑤强调副词：如quite, too, extremely, so, pretty, terribly, wholly, almost, entirely等。
⑥疑问、连接副词：如when, where, why, how, whenever, however, wherever等。
2）副词的用法主要有：
①修饰动词：The girl threw the ball quickly.
②修饰形容词：The job is too hard for him.
③修饰其他副词：He drives rather fast.
④修饰小品词：They let her well behind.
⑤修饰不定代词和数词：Nearly everybody came to our party.
⑥修饰全句：Ordinarily we have breakfast at seven.
3）副词的构成：
①大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成的。如politely, sadly, economically, basically等。
②由名词加-ly构成的副词。如weekly，monthly，yearly。
③由数词加-ly构成的副词。如firstly。
④由不定代词加-ly构成的副词。如mostly。
⑤由介词加-ly构成的副词。如overly。
⑥由短语加-ly构成的副词。如matter-of-factly。
⑦有些副词由介词或地点名词加后缀-ward（s）构成，意义是“向……”。如backward（s）, downward（s）, forward（s）, northward（s）, onward（s）, upward（s）等。
下面是词汇方面的单项练习，可供考生进行自测。Vocabulary Test 1Section A
Directions: There are ten incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
1. The new weapon has led to great________of military planning.
A. alterations
B. decorations
C. beautifications
D. restorations
2. Early explorers were confronted by the________tribesmen of the interior.
A. profound
B. prescriptive
C. prospective
D. savage
3. After the flood the streets in the town were covered with________.
A. spire
B. symmetry
C. sediment
D. symptom
4. One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been________with the theoretical aspects of the subject.
A. embraced
B. adjusted
C. alternated
D. integrated
5. Personality in Americans is further complicated by________waves of immigration from various countries.
A. uninterrupted
B. successful
C. forceful
D. overwhelming
6. The________of lung cancer is particularly high among long-term heavy smokers, especially chain smokers.
A. incident
B. accident
C. incidence
D. evidence
7. Nothing is so uncertain as the fashion market where one style________over another before being replaced.
A. dominates
B. manipulates
C. overwhelms
D. prevails
8. Mrs. Brown couldn't shake the________that these kids were in deep trouble and it was up to her to help them.
A. conversion
B. conviction
C. conservation
D. convention
9. X-rays are also called Rontgen rays________the discoverer who first put them to use.
A. in case of
B. in view of
C. in place of
D. in honor of
10. John________the status of American portraiture through his series of paintings of notable eighteenth-century New Englanders.
A. revised
B. researched
C. enlivened
D. elevatedSection B
Directions: In this section, there are ten sentences with one word or phrase underlined each. Choose one of the four choices marked A, B, C, and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence.
11. The company feared exposure of its shaky cash position.
A. purification
B. questionnaire
C. disclosure
D. innovation
12. Being overweight will handicap a boy in sports.
A. delete
B. hinder
C. detach
D. destine
13. They looked at the film star with a gaze of admiration.
A. stare
B. hesitation
C. imagination
D. incense
14. This large gear turns the small one to rotate the cylinder.
A. paddle
B. lace
C. kinetics
D. flywheel
15. He told me that the music was barely audible in the hall that night.
A. distinct
B. passionate
C. pathetic
D. perpetual
16. The patient's condition has deteriorated since he had a heart attack.
A. improved a little
B. remained the same
C. become worse
D. changed a lot
17. When taken in large quantities some drugs can cause permanent brain damage.
A. lasting
B. serious
C. terrible
D. temporary
18. Walking along the street in the fog, I could discern the old woman who helped my child.
A. impede
B. pursue
C. perceive
D. submit
19. The number of United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase.
A. encouraged
B. enforced
C. expected
D. entitled
20. The very sight of the imposing buildings assured these tourists of the significant changes in this city.
A. instinctive
B. impressive
C. institutional
D. imaginaryVocabulary Test 2Section A
Directions: There are ten incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
1. She________tears to gain our sympathy.
A. simulated
B. supervised
C. subsided
D. subscribed
2. The lorry's wheels________on the wet road.
A. skidded
B. testified
C. withered
D. underestimated
3. The business has been________because prices are too high.
A. slack
B. weird
C. viral
D. weary
4. The mother________the child to sleep almost every evening.
A. limped
B. infected
C. lulled
D. inflicted
5. Actor Pierce Brosnan may play the deadly super boy in the movies, but in real life he is a________father and a loving husband.
A. devastated
B. deserved
C. desperate
D. devoted
6. The years of practice, of developing my special technique, are just about to________.
A. turn up
B. figure out
C. pay off
D. clear away
7. Like most foreigners, I ask a lot of questions, some of which are insultingly silly. But everyone I________has answered those questions with patience and honesty.
A. come across
B. come by
C. come over
D. come into
8. When we________something we hide it and cover it up so that people cannot see it.
A. reveal
B. conceal
C. decorate
D. counsel
9. A human eye includes a controlling________which can increase or reduce the amount of light entering the eye.
A. device
B. detector
C. organism
D. mechanism
10. If the two teams were not so evenly matched it would be easier to________the outcome.
A. precede
B. expect
C. foretell
D. affirmSection B
Directions: In this section, there are ten sentences with one word or phrase underlined each. Choose one of the four choices marked A, B, C, and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence.
11. He had never studied navigation, but he had a good empirical knowledge of it.
A. jealous
B. experiential
C. emotional
D. dreadful
12. Thousands died in the flu epidemic of World War Ⅰ.
A. diversity
B. doctrine
C. plague
D. hydrocarbon
13. The estate consists of a main house, servants' quarters, stables and 20 acres of woods.
A. perturbation
B. pigment
C. polymer
D. landed property
14. The simple plan evolved into a complicated scheme later.
A. developed
B. plunge
C. pierce
D. propel
15. The new chemical will exterminate all the insects in house.
A. eliminate
B. prosecute
C. quench
D. quilt
16. In the accident three men were trapped in a submerged vehicle, and their only hope was another man whose legs were broken.
A. wrecked
B. burnt
C. overturned
D. sunk
17. Providing first-class service is one of the tactics the airline adopts to attract passengers.
A. methods
B. attitudes
C. thoughts
D. solutions
18. He started an inquiring into the cause of the fire, and prosecuted it for several weeks.
A. investigated
B. carried out
C. quested
D. rebuked
19. When required by their parents to eat spinach and other green vegetables, many children only do so reluctantly.
A. imitatively
B. impatiently
C. unwillingly
D. unknowingly
20. Should either of these situations occur, wrong control actions might be taken and a potential accident sequence initiated.
A. imported
B. installed
C. started
D. interviewedVocabulary Test 3Section A
Directions: There are ten incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
1. This procedure describes how suggestions for improvements to the systems are ________.
A. celebrated
B. proceeded
C. generated
D. established
2. "Since we are exchanging________, I too have a secret to reveal," said Mary.
A. transferences
B. transactions
C. confidences
D. promises
3. An intimate and________knowledge of how you are doing in the customer's eyes is critical.
A. objective
B. subordinate
C. optional
D. subsequent
4. A fierce________was under way over the question of self-government for Ireland.
A. resistance
B. controversy
C. misfortune
D. elimination
5. Both children seemed to be doing everything they could to________me, when I was already in a bad mood before getting home.
A. agitate
B. aggregate
C. alleviate
D. aggravate
6. We tried to escape from the burning building but found the way was________by a locked door.
A. hampered
B. barred
C. hindered
D. impeded
7. In this way, the school and the home join forces in________the fullest development of youngsters' capacities.
A. yielding
B. wielding
C. utilizing
D. fostering
8. It is within the________of possibility for us to finish the work tonight, but I think it would be better if we did not.
A. realm
B. reach
C. area
D. boundary
9. Long________to harmful pollutants is most likely to lead to a decline in health.
A. contact
B. touch
C. use
D. exposure
10. The architectural differences may________confusion or discomfort for the foreign travelers.
A. vary
B. describe
C. cause
D. impressSection B
Directions: In this section, there are ten sentences with one word or phrase underlined each. Choose one of the four choices marked A, B, C, and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence.
11. The purpose of the conference is to address the major issues that have been plaguing the constituency.
A. locate
B. augment
C. deal with
D. confiscate
12. The desert areas of the Southwest are sparsely inhabited.
A. heavily
B. merely
C. lightly
D. densely
13. In the United States 60 percent of the milk is processed into butter, cheese, ice cream, and other dairy products.
A. divided
B. separated
C. mixed
D. converted
14. Mammoth Cave, in central Kentucky, contains several subterranean lakes, rivers, and waterfalls.
A. underground
B. large
C. deep
D. freshwater
15. A raccoon is distinctively marked with a mask of black hair around its eyes.
A. uniquely
B. massively
C. primarily
D. defensively
16. It is not clear whether the increase in reports is stemmed from greater human activity or is simply the result of more surveys.
A. flows
B. comes
C. derives
D. originates
17. Floods have undermined the foundation of the ancient bridge, which was built in 1560.
A. weakened
B. reached
C. spoiled
D. covered
18. A frequently cited example of the endangered species is the panda in China.
A. worried
B. neglected
C. reduced
D. mentioned
19. Tom contented himself with two glasses of wine even though he could had more.
A. consoled
B. fascinated
C. disguised
D. gratified
20. Some psychologists argue that the traditional idea "spare the rod and spoil the child" is not rational.
A. helpful
B. kind
C. sensible
D. effectiveVocabulary Test 4Section A
Directions: There are ten incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
1. The Bessemer Process was once the most common method of making steel, but today this process is considered________.
A. odd
B. novel
C. obsolete
D. outstanding
2. The town planning commission said that their financial________for the next fiscal year was optimistic; they expect increased tax revenues.
A. outlook
B. oversight
C. notion
D. subject
3. Although the accident appeared serious, only a________amount of damage was done.
A. tangible
B. notable
C. negligible
D. noble
4. Anyone can learn basic cooking skills; you don't need a special________.
A. knack
B. idea
C. implement
D. hobby
5. The equator is________line running around the center of the Earth.
A. an imaginative
B. a jagged
C. an inconceivable
D. an imaginary
6. Even at discounted prices, these powerful AIDS drugs are far beyond________for most of the world's 40 million HIV-infected people.
A. reach
B. control
C. comprehension
D. imagination
7. When all his experiments fail, a bright child can even________to himself and others that for the time being he is not going to get an answer.
A. inform
B. admit
C. permit
D. conform
8. New words and expressions keep the English language in a stage of________.
A. flux
B. freedom
C. fixture
D. fluctuation
9. She knew his success would be constrained by the lack of money and staff, but she did not________him to the problem till it was too late.
A. alert
B. warn
C. remind
D. counsel
10. After several near disasters, a________has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.
A. controversy
B. convention
C. contradiction
D. conferenceSection B
Directions: In this section, there are ten sentences with one word or phrase underlined each. Choose one of the four choices marked A, B, C, and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence.
11. Mammals have highly developed ears, consisting of varying lengths, and numbers of turns in the cochlea.
A. sophisticated
B. aged
C. sensitized
D. acoustic
12. Walter Reed, a U.S. Army medical officer, daringly conducted experiments to determine how yellow fever was transmitted.
A. scientifically
B. courageously
C. methodically
D. knowingly
13. The question of why prehistoric animals became extinct has not been conclusively answered.
A. predominantly
B. extensively
C. especially
D. decisively
14. Among other duties, the Federal Communications Commission is charged with the licensing of radio and television stations.
A. excited by
B. billed for
C. attacked by
D. responsible for
15. Approximately one-fifth of the earth's land surface is composed of desert.
A. core
B. exterior
C. mass
D. bottom
16. Because of adverse weather conditions, the travelers stopped to camp.
A. local
B. unfamiliar
C. good
D. unfavorable
17. In the middle of the night the sleeping campers were alarmed by a loud crash.
A. excited
B. signaled
C. frightened
D. warned
18. Respiration is difficult at great heights and some mountaineers wear oxygen masks to overcome the difficulty.
A. Climbing
B. Jogging
C. Eating
D. Breathing
19. In literature, caricatures usually contain verbal exaggeration through which the writer achieves comic and often satiric effects.
A. banter
B. humor
C. interaction
D. overstatement
20. The predominant activities in rural societies are those that involve the production of food and raw materials.
A. principal
B. predicable
C. necessary
D. routineVocabulary Test 5Section A
Directions: There are ten incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Standing back from a painting can help you get all the parts in________.
A. aspect
B. prospective
C. perspective
D. respective
2. No social movement________Elizabeth Williams' enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.
A. aroused
B. raised
C. arose
D. rose
3. In some countries, computers are cheap enough to be________to virtually everyone.
A. reliable
B. acceptable
C. accessory
D. accessible
4. In this workshop they________a vehicle in less than half an hour.
A. eject
B. fabricate
C. assemble
D. resemble
5. My first major________as a reporter was to cover a large-scale riot.
A. attachment
B. achievement
C. accomplishment
D. assignment
6. Gestures are an important means to________messages.
A. convey
B. study
C. exploit
D. keep
7. ________preparations were being made for the Prime Minister's official visit to the four foreign countries.
A. Wise
B. Elaborate
C. Optional
D. Neutral
8. This local evening paper has a________of twenty-five thousand.
A. number
B. contribution
C. circulation
D. celebration
9. Susan loves chocolate so much that she can hardly resist its________.
A. sight
B. brand
C. variety
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