作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
北京理工大学考博英语历年真题及详解试读：
2002年北京理工大学考博英语真题及详解
Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points)（略）
Part II Vocabulary (20 points, 0.5 point for each)
Section A
Directions: There are 20 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.
16．My landlady is always trying to meddle in everything we do.
A. interfere
B. intrude
C. order
D. encase【答案】A【解析】meddle in sth.干预，干涉，管闲事。interfere in sth.干涉，介入，干预。intrude into sth.闯入，侵入，打扰。order命令，订购，定制。encase装入，包住，围。
17．Nature constantly yields to man in New York: witness those fragile side walk trees gamely straggling against encroaching cement and petrol fumes.
A. turns to
B. gives way to
C. recedes to
D. gets back to【答案】B【解析】yield to屈服，让步。give way to让步，让路。turn to转向，变成，求助于。recede to后退，避开。get back to sb.以后再对某人说或给某人写信。get back to sth.回到某事物上。
18．The small group of onlookers presented a pathetic sight and did nothing to help the drowning child.
A. pitiable
B. unreasonable
C. depressing
D. immoral【答案】A【解析】pathetic可怜的，悲惨的。pitiable可怜的。unreasonable不讲道理的，不合理的。depressing压抑的，阴沉的，烦闷的。immoral不道德的，邪恶的。
19．Hardy was stimulated by the sights, sounds and smells about him；he was enjoying his sensuous experience.
A. sensational
B. sentimental
C. sensitive
D. sensible【答案】A【解析】sensuous刺激感官的，给感官以快感的。sensational极好的，绝妙的。sentimental感伤性的，感情脆弱的。sensitive敏感的，灵敏的。sensible有感觉的，明智的，有判断力的。
20．His company empowered the young engineer to negotiate the contract to be signed with the American Microsoft.
A. enforced
B. strengthened
C. ordered
D. authorized【答案】D【解析】empower授权与，使能够。authorize批准。enforce强迫，执行，坚持。strengthen加强，巩固。order命令，订购，定制。
21．I wish I could report a dazzling success but in fact it does not quite come off. I don’t think I may live up for my father’s expectation.
A. come on time
B. go off well
C. appear properly
D. boil down to【答案】B【解析】come off实现，成为。go off well进行或发生得很成功。come on time及时出现。appear properly适当出现。boil down to归结为。
22．The Pakistan government is leaning on the Taliban government to hand over Osama to save this entire region from catastrophe.
A. unhappiness
B. disaster
C. depression
D. tragedy【答案】B【解析】catastrophe大灾难。disaster灾难，天灾。unhappiness忧愁，苦恼。depression沮丧，低沉。tragedy悲剧，惨案。
23．The group is dedicated to preventing the PLO from entering peace negotiations with Jordan.
A. contributed
B. cemented
C. devoted
D. dispatched【答案】C【解析】dedicated专注的，献身于。devoted投入的。contribute to“致力于，贡献于”，一般不用被动。cement巩固，粘牢。dispatch分派，派遣。
24．With the development of sophisticated instruments, earthquake will become predictable.
A. advanced
B. delicate
C. dedicated
D. difficult【答案】A【解析】sophisticated复杂的，精良的，尖端的。advanced高级的，先进的。delicate精巧的，精致的，脆弱的。dedicated专注的，献身的。difficult困难的，艰难的。
25．The ongoing negotiation relied on unorthodox channels, avoiding the dull State Department, which he disdained.
A. respected
B. neglected
C. denied
D. despised【答案】D【解析】disdain蔑视，鄙弃。despise轻视。respect尊敬，尊重。neglect忽视，疏忽。deny否认，拒绝。
26．The severance of church and state is a basic principle of our government.
A. integration
B. discrimination
C. separation
D. exposition【答案】C【解析】severance中断，切割。separation分离，分开。integration综合。discrimination辨别，识别，歧视。exposition说明，暴露，博览会。
27．One of the consequences of advanced cognitive ability has been the emergence of cultural life.
A. commendable
B. compiling
C. perceptive
D. pertinent【答案】C【解析】cognitive认知的，认识的，有感知的。perceptive感知的，有理解力的。commendable值得表扬的。compile编辑，编撰，汇编。pertinent有关的，相关的，中肯的。
28．Some corpses were so badly dismembered that they couldn’t be identified as men or women,
A. dismissed
B. severed
C. dispersed
D. disposed【答案】B【解析】dismember切断，肢解。sever切断，割断。dismiss解散。disperse散开，消散。dispose处理，处置，部署。
29．He tried but failed in his attempt to avoid being prosecuted by practicing bribery.
A. sentenced by
B. accused of
C. condemned of
D. blamed for【答案】B【解析】be prosecuted告发，起诉。be accused of被指控，控告。be sentenced by判刑。be condemned to宣告惩罚，判刑。be blamed for责怪，责备，埋怨。
30．There is a large joint programme of development among leading US computer companies, and IBM, though it says nothing, may well have the biggest programme of all.
A. prosecuted
B. consolidated
C. unified
D. boosted【答案】C【解析】joint共同的，联合的，合办的。unified统一的，一致的。prosecute检举，告发；从事。consolidated巩固的。boost增强，提高；鼓励；促进。
31．The idea of time is incorporated in all languages of the world.
A. assigned
B. contained
C. indicated
D. evidenced【答案】B【解析】incorporate合并，混合。contain包含，容纳。assign分配，指派。indicate指出，显示，象征。evidence明显，明白，显著。
32．Nail polish is made from cellulose lacquer, and opaque nail polish can be made by adding titanium oxide.
A. varnish
B. wax
C. resin
D. tallow【答案】A【解析】lacquer漆。varnish清漆。wax蜡。resin树脂。tallow牛脂，动物脂。
33．He made a dispatch for a specific purpose.
A. expedition
B. punch
C. declaration
D. raid【答案】A【解析】dispatch派遣，分派。expedition派遣，远征。punch打孔器，冲床；一击，一拳。declaration宣布，宣言，声明。raid袭击，搜捕。
34．A goal of modern dance often is to express the dancer’s innermost feelings and emotions.
A. most original
B. most personal
C. most selfish
D. most enchanting【答案】B【解析】innermost最里面的，内心的，秘密的，有关个人的。enchanting迷人的，迷惑的，妩媚的。
35．The freshmen will be notified regarding the college placement examination.
A. condoned
B. informed
C. emulated
D. deformed【答案】B【解析】notify通报。inform通知，告诉，告知。condone宽恕，赦免。emulate仿效。deform（使）变形。
Section B
Directions: There are 20 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.
36．Profit sharing is a good ______ for employees.
A. treatment
B. experiment
C. incentive
D. reinforce【答案】C【解析】句意：对员工来说，收益共享是个很好的激励手段。incentive刺激，奖励。treatment待遇，对待，处理。experiment实验，试验。reinforce加固物。
37．Social workers often use ______ in their research.
A. frauds
B. narrations
C. refutations
D. questionnaire【答案】D【解析】句意：社会工作人员常常在他们的调查中使用调查问卷表。questionnaire调查表，问卷。fraud欺骗，欺诈，假货。narration叙述。refutation驳斥。
38．His fellow workers like and respect him because he is a man of ______.
A. sincerity
B. injustice
C. inquiry
D. hostility【答案】A【解析】句意：他的真挚赢得了同事的喜欢和尊重。sincerity诚挚，真诚。injustice不公平，不讲道义。inquiry质询，调查。hostility敌意，恶意，不友善。
39．The World War II ended during Truman’s ______.
A. Presidency
B. succession
C. realm
D. duration【答案】A【解析】句意：二战结束于杜鲁门任期时。presidency任期。succession连续，继承，继任。realm领域。duration持续时间，为期。
40．______ metal ran out of the furnace.
A. Molten
B. Graded
C. Welded
D. Consolidated【答案】A【解析】molten熔化的，熔融的。graded等级的，分级的。welded焊接的。consolidated加固的。
41．The spokes in a bicycle wheel are arranged in a ______ pattern.
A. radial
B. radical
C. spherical
D. spiral【答案】A【解析】句意：自行车车轮的轮辐呈放射状。radial放射状的。radical根本的，基本的，激进的。spherical球的，球形的。spiral螺旋形的。
42．His voice ______ his Welsh origins though he has been living in New York for 25 years.
A. preserves
B. muffles
C. monitors
D. betrays【答案】D【解析】句意：尽管他已在纽约生活了25年，他的声音暴露了他的威尔士出身。betray出卖，背叛，泄露。preserve保护，保存，保持。muffle包，蒙住，压抑（声音）。monitor监控。
43．I hope my students will allow a ______ for error correction.
A. quota
B. margin
C. burial
D. fringe【答案】B【解析】句意：我希望同学们能留出一个空处用来改错。margin页边的空白，边缘，极限。quota配额，限额。burial埋葬。fringe边缘，须边，刘海。
44．Many people nowadays ______ an oath that he will never get married.
A. quote
B. swear
C. declare
D. claim【答案】B【解析】句意：现今很多人发誓将不会结婚。swear宣誓，发誓。quote引用，引证。declare断言，宣称，宣布。claim要求，认领，声称，主张。
45．A diet of ______ food is served to every hospital patient.
A. filthy
B. clinical
C. nourishing
D. stuffy【答案】C【解析】句意：每个医院的病人都能享受到营养餐。nourishing有营养的，滋养多的。filthy不洁的，污秽的，丑恶的。clinical临床的，病房用的。stuffy乏味的。
46．The doctor said: “I’m going to ______ a course of treatment for you.”
A. dispose
B. hypothesize
C. manipulate
D. prescribe【答案】D【解析】prescribe指示，规定；处方，开药。dispose处理，处置，部署。hypothesize假设，假定，猜测。manipulate操作，操纵。
47．He went on to say that he would go to his hometown in ______ of peace.
A. quest
B. allowance
C. thirst
D. greed【答案】A【解析】句意：他接着说他将回家乡寻求和平。in quest of寻求。allowance津贴，补助。thirst口渴，渴望，一般与for连用。greed贪欲，贪婪。
48．My grandmother ______ the photographs of her two grandchildren.
A. comprises
B. treasures
C. offends
D. notarizes【答案】B【解析】treasure珍爱，珍惜，珍藏。comprise包含，由…组成。offend犯罪，冒犯。notarize证明，确认。
49．He might cheat his friends in a cheap card game, but he remains basically ______ in his business dealings.
A. suspicious
B. sophisticated
C. straightforward
D. shrewd【答案】C【解析】句意：他可能在廉价的纸牌游戏中欺骗他的朋友，但他在生意场上仍然是正直坦率的。straightforward正直的，坦率的。suspicious可疑的，怀疑的。sophisticated诡辩的，久经世故的。shrewd精明的。
50．If the world was really like what the figure pictures, then each individual today would have only one ______ a hundred or a million generation.
A. manufacturer
B. offspring
C. descendant
D. ancestor【答案】D【解析】ancestor祖先，祖宗。manufacturer制造业者，厂商。offspring儿女，子孙，后代。descendant子孙，后裔，后代。
51．We finish this chapter by giving you examples of nutritious, well balanced easy meals. These are not at all original or but are based on the ordinary things that most people tend to eat ______.
A. exotic
B. majestic
C. weird
D. provincial【答案】A【解析】句意：我们以营养的、均衡的简易餐为例来结束这一章。这些饭绝不是独创的或外来的，仅仅只是大多数人平时吃的普通食物。exotic异国情调的，外来的，奇异的。majestic宏伟的，庄严的。weird怪异的，神秘的，不可思议的。provincial省的。
52．For the cast of this mighty epic, Vidal ______ his brilliant family and social connections, which included Mary Pickford, Marion Davies and throngs for the political world.
A. drew off
B. drew out
C. drew up
D. drew on【答案】D【解析】句意：为了这项伟大的事业，Vidal动用了他显赫的家世以及社会关系，其中包括Mary Pickford，Marion Davies和政治圈里的帮派。draw on使用，运用，利用。draw off撤退，排除（水）。draw out伸出，拉长；鼓励某人说话等。draw up草拟，停住，逼近。
53．Eventually the rarer genes will disappear and the genetic types ______ leaving fewer offspring will become.
A. extinguished
B. extraordinary
C. extinct
D. extreme【答案】A【解析】extinguish消灭，不复存在。extraordinary非凡的，异常的。extinct（物种）灭绝。extreme极端的，偏激的。
54．In view of the depression of the national economy, there are plans to ______ a much greater harvest from the timber resource.
A. excel
B. expel
C. expire
D. extract【答案】D【解析】句意：鉴于全国经济低靡，人们计划从木材资源中获得更多的利润。extract获取，吸取。excel优秀，胜过他人。expel驱逐，开除，排出。expire期满，终止。
55．At that time the earnings of the boxers were ______ and they could make money for their followers as well.
A. faint
B. fabric
C. fragile
D. fabulous【答案】D【解析】句意：那时拳击手的收入是很惊人的，他们能为他们的后代挣足够的钱。fabulous惊人的，难以置信的。faint虚弱的，衰弱的。fabric织物，织品。fragile易碎的，脆的。
Part III Cloze（10 points, 0.5 for each）
Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the right word or phrase from the choices given below for each of the blanks. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to take on formal learning. Educators find that (56)_____ toddlers are more likely to succeed during their school careers. (57)_____ their younger counterparts are more likely to (58)_____ Kindergarten children who turn five during the (59)_____ half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it (60)_____ physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development. Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten (61)_____ to receive better grades and score higher on achievement (62)_____ throughout their schooling experience (63)_____ do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five. Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the (64)_____ thing. It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophistication of many of today’s children (65)_____ inner maturity. Indeed, evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs. Youngsters (66)_____ parents push them to attain academic success in preschool are less creative, have (67)_____ anxiety about tests, and, by the end of kindergarten, fall to maintain their initial academic advantage (68)_____ their less-pressured peers.
Many psychologists and educators remain skeptical of approaches that place 4-year-olds in a formal educational setting. They question (69)_____ environmental enrichment can significantly alter the built-in developmental timetable of a child reared in a non-disadvantaged home. They do not deny, however, the (70)_____ of day-care centers and nursery schools that provide a homelike environment and allow children (71)_____ freedom to play, develop at their own (72)_____, and evolve their social skills. But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now (73)_____ of them in kindergarten, and they worry lest more and more will now be asked of 4-year-olds. These psychologists and educators believe we are driving young children too (74)_____ and thereby depriving them of their (75)_____.
56．A. older
B. taller
C. stronger
D. smarter
57．A. Since
B. Now that
C. Thereby
D. Whereas
58．A. fall
B. fail
C. flee
D. fear
59．A. late
B. later
C. latest
D. latter
60．A. lies in
B. deals with
C. comes to
D. calls for
61．A. help
B. want
C. end
D. prefer
62．A. tests
B. trials
C. performance
D. competition
63．A. that
B. which
C. then
D. than
64．A. easy
B. hard
C. same
D. similar
65．A. for
B. against
C. with
D. towards
66．A. and
B. with
C. those
D. whose
67．A. much
B. more
C. many
D. most
68．A. to
B. against
C. over
D. than
69．A. how
B. that
C. why
D. whether
70．A. value
B. power
C. consideration
D. responsibility
71．A. possible
B. reasonable
C. imaginable
D. considerable
72．A. way
B. case
C. pace
D. means
73．A. thought
B. reminded
C. expected
D. regarded
74．A. well
B. hard
C. badly
D. directly
75．A. memory
B. childhood
C. ambitions
D. simplicity【答案与解析】
56．A 首先文章第一句是从受教育年龄的角度入手，所以此处填年龄的大小比较适合；其次后文中出现“younger counterparts”，显然是与此处形成对比。故选项A正确。
57．D 由上题的分析知，前后两句应形成对比关系，故答案为D项。表示“然而，但是”。
58．B 上文提及年长一些的更容易在学业上取得成功，因此此处应是其对立面，即选项B“失败”。
59．B the later half of the year表示“后半年”。其他选项都不适合。
60．C come to达到某种情况或状态。lie in睡懒觉；卧床待产。deal with安排，处理，涉及。call for要求，提倡。此处意思为“当到了身体、情感、社交及智力的发展时期”，故选项C正确。
61．C 选项C表示“呈现一种趋势，往往是”，选项B和C都表示主观想法，而我们不能否认早入学的儿童也期望取得好的成绩，只是事实是年长一些的往往表现得更好一些。故选项C正确。选项A容易排除。
62．A 此空对应前面的“score higher”，即在成绩测试中取得高分。
63．D 整句话是一比较句型，把六岁入学的儿童的学业表现与五岁入学的进行比较。故答案为D。
64．C 从后文的“easy to confuse”可以判断，此处应讲“Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school”是不一样的。
65．C confuse A with B把A和B弄混淆。
66．D 此处是一定语从句。
67．B 根据前文的“push them to attain academic success”，“less creative”及后文的“less-pressured peers”可以判断这些学生对测试表现的更为焦虑。故答案为B项。
68．C advantage over sb.与他人竞争时优越的条件或环境；优势。
69．D 尽管后文专家承认了“day-care centers and nursery schools”，但紧接着他们又表示了担心，故此处他们应对能够环境改变自身的发展进程表示怀疑，故应选D项，表示“是否”。
70．A 从后面所列举的一系列成就看，此处应表示所做的价值。
71．D 此句是对“day-care centers and nursery schools”的肯定，故此处表示“相当大的自由”。
72．A 此处表示“以他们自己的方式”。
73．C expect…of sb.固定搭配，对某人抱有期望。
74．B “hard”表示我们费了很大的劲儿去强迫孩子。
75．B 专家指出我们把孩子们逼得太紧，因而剥夺了他们的童年。选项A、C和D都不对。
Part VI Reading Comprehension（25 points, 1 for each）
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
Brazil had come from Africa. About half the population of Venezuela had a smaller but still large part of population of Trans—Atlantic whether in North, Central or South A or in the Caribbean islands. It was these men and women of African descent conquered the wilderness of the Americas, clearing and working countless farms and plantations, founding and opening innumerable mines of iron or precious metals. Harsh and painful as it was, the overseas slave trade （like the not much less painful movement of millions of hungry and jobless men and women from Europe）laid the foundations of American republics. These Africans beyond the seas have their place in the story of Africa（the story of West Africa）.For what they attempted and achieved was also a reflection of the strong and independent civilization from which they came. Consider, for example, the heroic and successful struggle for independence conducted by the slaves of the Caribbean land of St. Domingue. In 1789, at the moment of the French Revolution, this French colony in the Caribbean was probably the wealthiest colony in the world. Its tens of thousands of African slave-workers produced enormous quantities of sugar, the whole European communities lived off the profits.
When news of the Revolution in France reached St. Domingue, these slaves claimed their share in its ideals and benefits. They demanded their freedom. Denied this, rose in revolt against their masters. In years of hard fighting against large armies sent by France, and afterwards against large armies sent by Britain, these men of St. Domingue won their freedom and founded the Republic of Haiti. Yet more than half these soldiers of freedom had made the “middle passage” across the Atlantic. More than half, in other words, had been born in Africa, had spent their childhood in Africa, had learned in Africa their respect for freedom; while nearly all the rest were the children of parents or grandparents born in Africa. And they were led by Africans: by men of genius and courage such as Boukman, the unforgettable Toussaint Louverture, and Dessalines.
Raised by Toussaint and his Africans, the banner of freedom across the Atlantic was carried from people to people. Many threw off their bondage. Large numbers of men of African origin fought in the armies that made the United States what they are today. It was a general of African descent, Antonio Maceo, who led the military struggle for Cuban independence against Spain in 1868.
Like other men of vision, Maceo had no time for racism, for the false idea that one race of men is better or worse than any other. Some of the whites of Cuba disagreed with him. They were Spanish settlers who thought that white was going to be better than black even in an independent Cuba.
One day Maceo was approached by a Spanish Cuban who suggested that the regiments of independence army should be vided into whites and non-whites. Maceo made him a reply which became famous in Cuba. “If you were not white,” Maceo said to this man, “1 would have you shot on the spot. But I do not wish to be accused of being racialist as you are and so I let you go, but with the warning that I shall not be so patient another time. The revolution has no color.”
76．It could be inferred that the writer thinks that, in comparison with the movement of millions of hungry and jobless people from Europe, the overseas slave trade was ______.
A. much less harsh and painful
B. rather harsh and painful
C. more harsh and painful
D. not much less harsh and painful
77．The main purpose of the first paragraph is ______.
A. to describe the heroic and successful struggle for independence waged by the slaves of St. Domingue
B. to show how huge numbers of Africans populated the Americas
C. to show that Africans had a vital part to play in laying the foundations of the American republics
D. to describe the horrors of the overseas slave trade
78．To the author, the important thing about the revolution of St. Domingue is that ______.
A. it was led by Africans
B. it fought against armies from both Britain and France
C. the people of the island were denied a share in the benefits and ideals of the French Revolution
D. it was inspired by the strong and independent civilization of Africa where most of the soldiers had originated
79．We may infer from the third paragraph that ______.
A. large numbers of black soldiers in the United States fight today
B. blacks played an important role in shaping the United States
C. blacks took no part in the independent war in the United States
D. large numbers of blacks in the United States today came from Africa
80．Maceo decided not to shoot the Spanish Cuban because ______.
A. the latter was white
B. the latter was not white
C. the revolution has no color
D. he did not wish to be accused of being a racist【答案与解析】
76．C 第一段第三句讲到Harsh and painful as it was, …the foundations of American republics.从本句括号里面的注释可知，与欧洲那些为饥饿和工作而战的人比起来，海外的努力贸易要更harsh and painful，故答案为选项C。
77．C 第一段作者主要讲述了非洲人在美洲克服了重重困难，在那儿繁衍生息，并为美立坚合众国的建立打下了坚实的基础。选项A、B和D均有提及，但并不是主要内容。故答案为C。
78．D 文章从第二段开始介绍了非洲人民所发起的一系列革命，并在第二段后半部分尤其指出这些人都是土生土长的非洲人，他们在非洲学会了“respect for freedom”，同时举出两个非洲领袖为例来说明，可见作者认为这些在战斗中的作用是很大的，故选项D正确。
79．B 文章第三段指出“Large numbers of…what they are today”，即很多非洲本地人在军队中参与战争，而这些军队正是使美国成为现在这个样子的军队。换言之非洲人在美国独立战争期间发挥了巨大的作用。故选项B正确。
80．D 根据Maceo的话可以判断，因为他自己本身是黑人，如果他杀了the Spanish Cuban，那么他将被控为种族主义者。故答案为D。
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]