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北京交通大学语言与传播学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年北京交通大学语言与传播学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
Part I. Vocabulary and, Grammar (30 points)
Section A Multiple Choice (20 points).
Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
1．The performance of this machine calls for much ________.
A. technology
B. science
C. technique
D. technicality【答案】C【解析】句意：这台机器的性能操作需要很多技巧。technique技巧；手法。technology科技。science科学；技术。technicality学术性；专门性。
2．His strange behavior aroused the ________ of the police.
A. suspicion
B. doubt
C. disbelief
D. incredibility【答案】A【解析】句意：他的奇怪的行为引起了警察的怀疑。suspicion怀疑；疑心；指对某人做某事的目的、意图有怀疑。doubt对事物的真、假有怀疑。disbelief怀疑；不相信。incredibility不能相信；不可信的事物。
3．Although only of ________ intelligence, he speaks four languages fluently.
A. middle
B. minor
C. average
D. slow【答案】C【解析】句意：虽然只有平均的智力水平，但他能流利地说四门语言。average平均的；普通的。middle（位置）中间的。minor次要的；较小的。slow缓慢的。
4．The house is in perfect condition, ________ a few scratches on one of the doors.
A. except
B. except for
C. without
D. but【答案】B【解析】句意：这所房子的情况很好，除了在一扇门上有几处刮痕。expect用于不同类之间，表示从整体排除一部分；expect用于同类之间排除。
5．He went to Australia hoping to find a teaching________ without too much difficulty.
A. work
B. career
C. post
D. employment【答案】C【解析】句意：他去了澳大利亚，希望不难找到一份教学工作。post岗位；职位。work工作；不可数名词。career指经过专门训练，终身愿意从事的职业。employment指受雇于他人，领取工资以谋生计，有较固定工作的职业。这里指的是“教学岗位”，所以应选post。
6．Britain was about to ________ diplomatic relations with Libya.
A. break out
B. break into
C. break off
D. break through【答案】C【解析】句意：英国准备和利比亚断绝外交关系。break off断绝(关系)；断交。break out爆发。break into闯入。break through突破；突围。
7．People are always ________ him with his twin brother.
A. mistaking
B. puzzling
C. bewildering
D. confusing【答案】D【解析】句意：人们经常把他和他的双胞胎兄弟搞混。confuse…with…把……和……搞混。mistake常与for搭配，表示“把……误认为”。puzzle使困惑。bewilder使迷惑；使不知所措。
8．When there was a short _______, I asked if anyone would like anything to drink.
A. blank
B. space
C. pause
D. wait【答案】C【解析】句意：当会话过程中出现短暂的停顿时，我问大家有没有人要喝点什么。pause表示“短暂的停顿时间”、“间歇”、“(说话中的)停顿”、“犹豫”等。blank表示“(纸、表格等的)空白处”、“(记忆等的)空白”、“无重大事件的时期”等。space表示“空间”、“空地”、“期间”、“(词与词之间的)空白”、“篇幅”等。wait表示“等待”。
9．An almost ______ line of traffic was moving at a snail’s pace through the town.
A. constant
B. solid
C. continuous
D. continual【答案】C【解析】句意：几乎连绵不断的一串车辆在以蜗牛般缓慢的速度穿过市中心。continuous意为“连续不断的，接连的”；constant意为“不断的；连续发生的”，强调事物的永恒性；solid意为“坚固的，牢靠的”；continual意为“从不间断的”。
10．Academic records from other institutions often become part of a university official file and can neither be returned to a student nor _______.
A. explicated
B. complicated
C. duplicated
D. implicated【答案】C【解析】句意：别的机构的成绩记录往往变成了大学的官方档案,既没有返还给学生，也不能让学生复制。duplicate复制；重复。explicate说明，解释。complicate使复杂化；使恶化。implicate涉及；暗指。
11．Today household chores have been made much easier by electrical ______.
A. facilities
B. equipment
C. appliances
D. utilities【答案】C【解析】句意：当今，家用电器使家务变得更容易。appliance(家庭用)器具，用具，装置，器械(尤指家用电器)。facility设施；设备。equipment设备，装备；器材。utility实用；效用；公共设施。
12．He ________ in court that he had seen the prisoner run out of the bank that had been robbed.
A. testified
B. witnessed
C. justified
D. identified【答案】A【解析】句意：他在法庭上证实他亲眼看见囚犯抢完银行后逃跑了。testify作证；证明。witness目击；证明。justify证明……是正当的；替……辩护。identify鉴定；识别，辨认出。
13．Undergraduate students have no ______ to the rare books in the school library.
A. path
B. entrance
C. way
D. access【答案】D【解析】句意：本科生无法接触到学校图书馆里的珍贵书籍。have access to可以到达；可以使用；有接触(或进入、使用)的机会(或权利)。path路径。entrance入口。way方法；道路。
14．Obviously, the Chairman’s remarks at the conference were ______ and not planned.
A. substantial
B. spontaneous
C. simultaneous
D. synthetic【答案】B【解析】句意：显然，主席在大会上的讲话是即兴的，不是事先计划好的。spontaneous意为“自然的；自发的；自然产生的”。substantial大量的；实质的；内容充实的。simultaneous意为“同时的；同步的”。synthetic合成的，人造的。根据not planned可知应该选spontaneous。
15．The prince ________ power on the death of his father.
A. presumed
B. assumed
C. resumed
D. consumed【答案】B【解析】句意：王子在他父亲的死后掌权。assume意为“承担，就(职)，控制(政权)”，assume power掌权，控制政权。presume意为“推测，假定”。resume意为“恢复，继续”。consume意为“消费，消耗”。
16．The work is not very profitable ______cash, but I am getting valuable experience from it.
A. according to
B. on the basis of
C. in terms of
D. in the light of【答案】C【解析】句意：就现金收入来说，这项工作意思不大，但我能从工作中获得宝贵的经验。in terms of根据；就……来说。according to根据；按照。on the basis of在……的基础上。in the light of鉴于；按照。
17．Every material on Earth reflects, ______and absorbs electromagnetic radiation in a characteristic way.
A. transfers
B. transforms
C. transmits
D. transplants【答案】C【解析】句意：地球上的每一种物质都以一种特有的方式反射、传播和吸收电磁辐射。transmit传输；传播；传达。transfer转让；转移。transform改变；变换。transplant移植；迁移。
18．I ________ because I wanted to talk with you about your mother through the night.
A. turned up
B. stayed up
C. worked up
D. stood up【答案】B【解析】句意：我熬夜是因为我晚上想和你谈谈关于你母亲的事。stay up熬夜。turn up出现；发生。work up逐步建立；逐步发展。stand up站起来。
19．Wealth was less evenly ________ in the South than in the West, less money was invested in education, and the rate of illiteracy was higher.
A. distributed
B. divided
C. separated
D. spread【答案】A【解析】句意：与西部相比，南方的财富分配不均衡，教育投入的资金较少，而文盲率更高。distribute分配；配给。divide分开；划分。separate分离；隔开。spread扩散；传播。
20．It is known that what ________ practically all of matter is a vast number of units of energy.
A. constitutes
B. is composed of
C. is made of
D. contains【答案】D【解析】句意：众所周知，众多的能量单位中包含了几乎所有的物质。contain包含。这里指的是能量单位包含各种物质。what引导主语从句，并充当从句的主语成分。constitute组成；构成。be composed of由……组成。be made of由……组成，构成。
21．________ our efforts to save the school, the county decided to close it.
A. In spite
B. For all
C. Although
D. While【答案】B【解析】句意：尽管我们尽全力去挽救这个学校，但是政府还是决定关闭它。for all尽管；虽然；相当于in spite of；后面可直接跟名词。A选项in spite of才是正确表达，后面可直接跟名词。although和while后面一般跟的是完整的句子。
22．Don’t you realize the damage these chemicals are doing ________ our environment?
A. for
B. to
C. about
D. on【答案】B【解析】句意：你难道没有意识到这些化学产品给我们的环境带来的危害吗？do damage to破坏；危害；固定表达用介词to。
23．The Clarks haven’t decided yet which hotel ________.
A. to stay
B. is to stay
C. to stay at
D. is for staying【答案】C【解析】句意：他们还没有决定要入住哪家酒店。本题考查常见结构：动词+疑问句+带to的不定式；其中带to的不定式做定语修饰hotel，stay用作不及物动词，常与介词at搭配，表示小的地点。陈述语序是decided to stay at which hotel。
24．We could ________ him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.
A. provide
B. have provided
C. not provide
D. not have provided【答案】B【解析】句意：当他来的时候，我们本可以给他一套独立的房子，但他特别要求要一间小公寓就行。could have done本可以……而没有；符合句意要求。
25．________ , there were no ground to justify your complaint.
A. Such was the case
B. Such would be the case
C. Such being the case
D. Such is the case【答案】C【解析】句意：既然事实如此，你也就没理由为你的抱怨找借口。such being the case事实既然如此；情况就是这样；固定表达。也可看作是一个独立主格结构，such代词，是该结构的逻辑主语，用现在分词构成主系表句型结构。
26．This company has now introduced a policy ________ pay rises are related to performance at work.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. whether【答案】B【解析】句意：公司现在实行一项政策，内容是：是否涨工资由个人的工作表现决定。定语从句不缺成分，关系副词where充当从句的状语。where引导定语从句时，先行词不一定都是表示具体地点的名词，还可以是case，situation，point，policy，stage等表示抽象概念的名词，意为“在……情况下；在……状态下”等。
27．Xenon has a number of applications, ________ may be mentioned its use in flash lamps for high-speed photography.
A. among which
B. which
C. and which
D. each of which【答案】A【解析】句意：氙气有多种用途，其中值得一提的是它在高速摄影闪光灯中的应用。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词applications，并在从句中充当介词among的宾语。
28． 12 is to 4 ________ 3 is to 1.
A. what
B. how
C. which
D. that【答案】A【解析】句意：12之于4等同于3之1。A is to B what C is to D，固定的比较句型。what表示比较关系，意为“正如；好像；等同于”。
29．You ________ Mark anything. It was none of his business.
A. needn’t tell
B. mustn’t have told
C. mustn’t tell
D. needn’t have told【答案】D【解析】句意：你本不需要告诉马克任何事的，那和他没关系。needn’t have done本不需要做……却做了。根据下文可知是“已经告诉了马克”，所以选项D最符合句意要求。
30．________ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.
A. There was
B. Since
C. Being
D. There being【答案】D【解析】句意：由于没有什么值得惊慌的理由，老人回到了他的卧室。从句主语和主句主语不一致，所以要用独立主格结构，there用作逻辑主语，与动词be存在主谓关系，所以用主动形式。there being引导的独立主格结构可以看作是原因状语。
31．You’d better look at the difficulty ________.
A. by other way
B. by the other way
C. another way
D. by another way【答案】C【解析】句意：你最好用另一种方式看待困难。another way是in another way的省略形式，用作方式状语，表示“以(用)另一种方法，指三种或三种以上的方法中的一种”。其余三项搭配不正确，一般常用介词in。
32．Although a teenager, Fred could resist ________ what to do and what not to do.
A. to be told
B. having been told
C. being told
D. to have been told【答案】C【解析】句意：尽管年纪很小，Fred可以拒绝被告诉什么能做，什么不能做。resist抵抗，抗拒；反对，抵制；后面要接动名词doing的形式。resist doing sth.拒绝做某事；根据句意可知Fred和tell之间构成被动关系，故使用动名词的被动形式。
33．She remembered several occasions in the past ________ she had experienced a similar feeling.
A. which
B. before
C. that
D. when【答案】D【解析】句意：她记得过去有几次她经历过类似的感觉。定语从句中occasion作先行词时，关系词可以用where也可以用when，强调时间用when，强调地点用where；从句she had experienced a similar feeling缺少时间状语，故用when。
34．________ as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested is not used proved to be false.
A. The estimate
B. The estimate that
C. They are estimated
D. It is estimated that【答案】B【解析】句意：多达1/4收获的木材没有被利用，这个估计被证明是错误的。本题考察同位语从句。主语为the estimate，that引导同位语从句对其进行限定说明，句子简化后就是The estimate proved to be false.
35．You won’t get a loan ________ you can offer some security.
A. lest
B. in case
C. unless
D. other than【答案】C【解析】句意：除非你提供一些保证，否则你是贷不了款的。unless除非；符合句子逻辑。lest唯恐，以免。in case以防万一。other than除……之外；不同于。
36．I was to have made a speech if ________.
A. I was not called away
B. nobody would have called me away
C. I had not been called away
D. nobody called me away【答案】C【解析】句意：如果我没有被人叫走的话，我会做一个演讲。由主句时态可知句子是对过去发生事实的虚拟，从句应该用had+过去分词，所以答案选C。
37．John’s score on the test is the highest in the group; he ________ last night.
A. should have studied
B. must have studied
C. has studied
D. should study【答案】B【解析】句意：约翰的测试分数是小组里面最高的；他昨天晚上肯定学习了。must have done肯定已经做了某事；表示有依据，很肯定的猜测；符合句子逻辑表达。
38．It was years ________ I had visited my hometown and I was determined to enjoy my stay.
A. after
B. when
C. since
D. that【答案】C【解析】句意：再次踏上故土已是多年以后，所以我决定好好享受这次暂住。本题考查固定句型：It was+ 一段时间+ since从句（从句使用过去完成时）。
39．Give it a second thought, ________ you’ll find it wise to accept the post.
A. to
B. and
C. or
D. then【答案】B【解析】句意：再考虑一下，你会发现接受这一职位是明智的。and连接两个句子，表示递进关系。
40．Every man and every woman working here ________ with me.
A. is getting along well
B. are getting along well
C. is got along well
D. are got along well【答案】A【解析】句意：每个在这里工作的人都和我相处得很好。由every…and every…；each…and each…；no…and no…；many a…and many a…等连接的并列主语表示单数概念，谓语动词用单数。
Section B Error Detection (10 points)
Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C, and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on your answer sheet. (10 points)
1．Of the three students, he is by far the more diligent, for he knows why he should work hard.
A. by far
B. the more
C. should
D. hard【答案】B【解析】the more改为the most。句意：在这三个学生中，他是目前为止最勤奋的因为他知道自己为什么要努力工作。这里表示的是三者之间的比较，所以应该用最高级。
2．Don’t forget the words what your parents told you when you left home.
A. the words
B. what
C. told
D. left【答案】B【解析】what改为that或which。your parents told you是定语从句，修饰先行词words；tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事，从句缺少宾语，所以定语从句引导词应该用that 或which。
3．Some people believe that boys’ performance on tests is always better than girls. But it is not necessarily the case.
A. boys’
B. on
C. girls
D. necessarily【答案】C【解析】girls改为girls’。句意：一些人认为男孩在考试上的表现比女孩要好，但事实不一定如此。这里的比较对象是男孩和女孩的表现，所以应该用girls’，省略了performance。
4．If writing had never been invented, we would be living in a very narrow world, knowing little the past and still less about other peoples and nations.
A. had never been invented
B. would be living
C. knowing little
D. still less about【答案】C【解析】knowing little后应该加about。句意：如果没有发明书写的话，我们现在将会居住在一个非常狭隘的世界里，对过去知之甚少，对其他民族和国家就知道的更少。know little about对……知道很少，固定表达。
5．By the year 2020, this area will inhabit twice as many people as it is today.
A. By the year
B. will
C. twice
D. as many people as【答案】B【解析】will改为will have been inhabited。by后加表示将来时间的介词短语，在句中作时间状语，句子的谓语要用将来完成时态，表示到将来某个时间为止的动作。inhabit意为“居住于，存在于；占据，栖息”，是及物动词，其后通常接地点。如果地点做主语，要用被动语态。
6．Along with technological advances in modern medicine has come many new questions medical, legal, and social.
A. Along with
B. advances
C. has come
D. many new questions【答案】C【解析】has come改为have come。本句为倒装句，主语为new questions，表示复数概念，所以谓语动词要用复数形式。
7．It is important that the student begins to learn the chemical symbols immediately since they represent the basic building blocks of matter and will be used extensively in the remainder of the book.
A. begins to
B. represent
C. will be used
D. the remainder【答案】A【解析】begins to改为begin to。It is important that句型中一般用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可以省略。
8．The baby who doesn’t get any loving will grow up coldly and unresponsive.
A. who
B. doesn’t get
C. will
D. coldly and unresponsive【答案】D【解析】coldly and unresponsive改为cold and unresponsive。此处应该用形容词形式表伴随。
9．Judith Francis was nothing at all like the woman Jane had expected to meet her.
A. nothing at all
B. like
C. had expected
D. meet her【答案】D【解析】meet her去掉her。这里Jane had expected to meet是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the woman，且定语从句省略了引导词that；省略的引导词充当meet的宾语，所以应该删掉her。
10．Not able to use a computer would hurt a graduate’s chances of finding a job as a secretary.
A. Not able to
B. hurt
C. chances
D. as a secretary【答案】A【解析】not able to改为not being able to。通过分析句子结构可知，A划线部分应该充当句子主语，所以要用v-ing形式。
Part II. Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Section A Multiple Choice (30 points)
Directions: In this section there are 3 reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheets.
Passage A
It’s time for change; that’s a fact that all university managers know but most of them resist to admitting. Relying merely on classical management strategies does not get us very far. Old-fashioned university managers have not yet been convinced to take the risk of applying change to their well-established university; but in the extremely competitive environment of this market, they have no other choice and sooner or later they need to believe in the necessity of change and utilizing modern models of higher education. However, an unjustified delay results in significant losses, as it is evident from continuous change in the position of some universities in the world university ranking upward or downward.
This is indeed an unquestionable fact that modern university cannot be managed by traditional methods, as current students are different having new expectations, potentials, and needs. Roughly speaking, it is evident by comparing the current students with those of 80s who never experienced internet and globalization at this level. Those who have studied in 60s will remember that professors had more time for research and discussion about preliminary subjects, and PhD Students had a different position in the university environment. In fact, higher education has always been in the process of changing, but not necessarily in good direction. Since different parties are involved in university structure, their preferences sometimes caused unfavorable change; rather than effective change. Waiting for external forces inducing change to university is an example of Darwin’s natural selection (i. e. evolution); though intelligent evolution is something different. An outstanding leadership needs to foresee desirable change. People usually believe change should be limited in the framework of available budget, but the art of leadership is to conduct change based on intellectual properties, creativity, and innovation; leading to several benefits including financial one. Effective change is transformative and sustainable implemented through a united leadership strategy according to the organizational general policy. Thus, change is not limited to modernization of traditional elements, but also reviving good traditional elements lost in time.
This is a collection of ideas proposed by the author in a variety of programs, research studies, and managerial reports associated with some important issues in the realms of modern university management. There are justified programs for developing each case effectively (collected in a volume as a handbook for university leaders), though it is recommended to adapt each program according to the university unique potentials and needs. In general, it is not aimed to alter the current (successful) plans, but creating new opportunities based on the university unused and hidden potentials.
This collective paper aims to put emphasis on concepts like creativity, innovation, change, academic culture, networking, collaboration, knowledge, management, leadership, entrepreneurship, and so forth. These are just beautiful concepts, as everyone appreciates; but the problem is that few people apply them seriously and practically.
1．According to the passage, ________.
A. all university managers have accepted change.
B. classical management strategies work well today.
C. well-established universities are more reluctant to change.
D. higher education needs new models of management.
2．Compared with 80s, a main difference in today’s universities is change of________.
A. number of students
B. formation of students
C. needs of students
D. financial conditions of students
3．Darwin’s natural selection is mentioned to show________.
A. evolution is inevitable.
B. intelligent evolution is impossible.
C. external forces may not lead to favorable change.
D. internal forces can guarantee desirable change.
4．Which of the following in NOT true about an effective change?
A. It can increase budget for universities.
B. It helps foster creativity.
C. It follows the general organizational policy.
D. It has no trace of traditional management.
5．This passage is most likely to be________.
A. a report of a research study
B. a proposal for a program
C. an introduction to a book
D. a plan for the development of universities【答案与解析】
1．D 根据文章第二段第一句“This is indeed an unquestionable fact that modern university cannot be managed by traditional methods”可知现代的大学需要新的管理方法。
2．C 文章第二段第一句还提到“current students are different having new expectations, potentials, and needs”，现在的学生有新的期望、潜能和需要；下文通过八十年代和现在的学生对比具体说明了这一点。
3．C 文章第二段提到“Waiting for external forces inducing change to university is an example of Darwin’s natural selection”，等待外部力量促使大学改变，这是达尔文自然选择的一个例子。上文则说大学里一些机构的偏好导致了不容乐观的而不是有效的变化，由此可知外部力量可能会催生不好的变化结果。
4．D 根据文章第二段最后一句“Thus, change is not limited to modernization of traditional elements, but also reviving good traditional elements lost in time”，变化不仅局限于传统元素的现代化，而且还包括恢复丢失的传统因素。由此可知D选项“有效的变化没有传统管理的痕迹”这一说法是错误的，D选项符合题意要求。
5．D 从文章最后两段的第一句话“This is a collection of ideas proposed by the author in a variety of programs, research studies, and managerial reports associated with some important issues”、“This collective paper aims to…”可以推测出本篇文章是关于大学管理方法调查的一份报告。
Passage B
Results of a global education survey today show U. S. high school students come in a dispiriting 26th out of 65 places worldwide in combined scores for math, science and reading tests.
The OECD’s Program for international Assessment (PISA) suggests that while America lags, Asia soars: Out of the top 10, eight are in the Asia-Pacific region—led by Shanghai and Hong Kong in China, Singapore, South Korea and Japan.
The rise of education in Asia is no accident. It reflects deliberate policies and long-term investments that recognize the centrality of quality education to a nation’s economic growth.
Studies on PISA data show that higher test scores in math and science are associated with higher growth rates that, in turn, lead to higher incomes. These countries understand, as former Singapore Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong has said: “A nation’s wealth in the 21st century will depend on the capacity of its people to learn.”
There is no one “Asian way” to academic success, just as not all Asian nations are equally successful. Shanghai is the leading edge in China but disparities remain within the country.
There are, however, common themes that permeate high-performing Asian school systems. These include:
●Emphasis on math and science. Math and science training begins early in primary school and rigorous courses such as biology, chemistry and physics, as well as algebra and geometry are part of a core curriculum for secondary school. Specialist teachers are often employed in elementary schools unlike “generalists” usually found in U. S. schools.
●Time and Effort. With longer school years and sometimes longer school days, Asian students often have the equivalent of several more years of schooling by the time they finish high school than the typical American student. Asian students are also expected to work hard in school, reflecting a societal belief that developing one’s skills and knowledge reflects effort more than innate ability.
Aligning education goals to economic development, Asian nations have built strong school systems by scouring the world—including the United States—for effective practices and weaving them together in ways that mesh with their cultural values.
Recognizing the fast pace of change in the world’s economic and
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