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中国矿业大学文法学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年中国矿业大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
Part I Grammar and Vocabulary（30 points）
Section A Multiple Choice（20 points）
Directions: There are twenty sentences in t is section．Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D．Choose one of them that best completes the sentence.
1．Nancy’s gone to work but her car’s still there. She _____ by bus.
A. must have gone
B. should have gone
C. ought to have gone
D. could have gone【答案】A【解析】句意：Nancy去上班了但她的车还在这，她一定是坐公交走的。本题考查虚拟语气的几种情况。must have done表示肯定的猜测。should/ought to have done本应该做。could have done本可以做。
2．After _____ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager’s office.
A. that
B. it
C. what
D. there【答案】C【解析】句意：在一场看似无尽的等待之后，该他进入人事经理的办公室了。因为after后面缺少一个宾语，而seemed前面缺少一个主语，所以我们要选一个既能充当after的主语又能充当seemed的关系代词，故选what。
3．_____ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.
A. To be not tall
B. Not being tall
C. Being not tall
D. Not to be tall【答案】B【解析】句意：身材不高不应该成为工作和生活中的一个严重劣势。划线部分为主语，不定式做主语表示将来，故排除A和D。非谓语动词的否定词not应该放在分词短语的前面，故选B。
4．It is going to be fine tomorrow _____.
A. So is it
B. So it is
C. So it does
D. So does it【答案】B【解析】句意：明天天会好起来的。是的啊。此题考查语法、语序和倒装。第一句话用的是主系表结构，横线处也应该是主系表，故排除C和D。So it is表示进一步的强调，说事情确实是这样。so is it表示另一件事情也如此（同前面提到的事物性质特点相同）。
5．When the teacher told the boy to sit down, he _____ to her and said she couldn’t make him.
A. gave way
B. talked back
C. looked up
D. got down【答案】B【解析】句意：当老师叫男孩坐下，男孩顶撞了回来，说她不能拿他有什么办法。talk back顶嘴。give way让路。look up查阅。get down从......下来；记下。
6．Air and the sun’s rays create much distortion, and whatever tends to _____ their influence is useful to the astronomer.
A. exclude
B. eliminate
C. extinguish
D. impose【答案】A【解析】句意：空气和太阳的光线造成很大的扭曲，只要是能够排除它们影响的办法对天文学家是有用的。exclude 排除。extinguish扑灭。eliminate消除。impose 把……强加给。
7．Through exposure to air, water, and organic matter, rocks _____ changes known as weathering.
A. undergo
B. transform
C. undertake
D. suspend【答案】A【解析】句意：通过暴露在空气、水和有机物质中，岩石会经历被称为风化作用的变化。undergo经历。transform变形；转换。undertake承担；从事。suspend暂停；悬浮。
8．At first it seemed that the building would be all right but later it was found to need _____.
A. installations
B. innovations
C. modifications
D. illustration【答案】C【解析】句意：这栋建筑初看是完好无损的，但后来发现它还需要改造。modifications改变；修饰。installations装置。innovation革新。illustration插图；说明。
9．The rapidly growing birth rate brings about a lot of environment problems, which the government is supposed to take _____.
A. significantly
B. severely
C. earnestly
D. seriously【答案】D【解析】句意：迅速增长的出生率带来了许多环境问题，政府应该予以重视。take...seriously是固定搭配，意为“重视；认真对待”。
10．Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "We've seen the film _____ "?
A. before
B. recently
C. lately
D. yet【答案】D【解析】句意：我们以前（before）/最近（recently/lately）看过了这部电影。yet用在完成时中表示疑问或否定。
11．Due to personality_____, the two colleagues never got on well in work.
A. contradiction
B. conflict
C. confrontation
D. competition【答案】B【解析】句意：由于个性上的冲突，这两位同事从来都没办法好好相处。conflict冲突。contradiction观点、意见、逻辑上的矛盾。confrontation对抗；对峙。competition竞争。
12．During the summer vacation, kids are often seen hanging _____ in the streets.
A. about
B. on
C. over
D. out【答案】D【解析】句意：暑假里经常能看见孩子们在街上闲逛。hang out伸出；晾出；（与某人一起）出去玩。
13．There were 150 _____ all the international conference this summer.
A. spectators
B. viewers
C. participants
D. onlookers【答案】C【解析】句意：今年夏天的国际会议与会人数有150人。participants参与者。其余三项都表示观看者。
14．As there was no road, the travelers _____ up a rocky slope on their way back.
A. ran
B. hurried
C. scrambled
D. crawled【答案】C【解析】句意：没有路了，他们在返回的路上爬上了一个石坡。scramble up爬上。run up升起；沿着……迅速移动。hurry up快点。crawl贴着地面爬行。
15．In the face of unexpected difficulties, he demonstrated a talent for quick, _____ action.
A. determining
B. defensive
C. demanding
D. decisive【答案】D【解析】句意：面对意想不到的困难，他表现出行动快速、果决的天赋。decisive坚定的；果断的。determining为determine的现在分词形式，意为“决定”。defensive防守的。demanding费力的；要求极其严格的。
16．She once again went through her composition carefully to _____ all spelling mistakes from it.
A. withdraw
B. abandon
C. diminish
D. eliminate【答案】D【解析】句意：她再次仔细地检查了她的作文，以消除所有的拼写错误。eliminate消除；淘汰。withdraw撤回。abandon抛弃。diminish减少。
17．Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remained _____.
A. motionless
B. inactive
C. stagnant
D. immobile【答案】C【解析】句意：由于经济危机，该区域的工业产出依然是停滞状态。stagnant经济停滞；迟钝；不景气。motionless静止不动的。inactive不活跃的。immobile固定的；稳定不变的。
18．The police had difficulty in _____ the fans from rushing on to the stage to take photos with the singer.
A. limiting
B. restraining
C. confining
D. restricting【答案】B【解析】句意：警察们要把冲上台和歌手合影的粉丝们拦住是有困难的。limit、confine和restrict都含有将某人或事限制在某一范围内的意思。此题考查固定搭配。restrain from阻止。
19．Joan is in the dorm, putting the final _____ to her speech.
A. details
B. remarks
C. comments
D. touches【答案】D【解析】句意：Joan在宿舍里，对她的演讲稿进行最后的修改。put the final touches to为固定搭配，表示“对某物进行最后的润色”。
20．His _____ in gambling has eventually brought about his ruin.
A. indulgence
B. habit
C. action
D. engagement【答案】A【解析】句意：他对赌博的沉迷最后毁了他。indulgence沉溺；放纵。habit习惯。action行为。engagement订婚；约定。
Section B Error Correction（10 points）
Directions：This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether l0 mistakes one in each numbered line. YOU may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided on the answer sheet. If you change a word, copy it, cross it out and write the correct word to its right with a "→" in between. If you add a word, copy the two words between which you will add a word, put an insertion mark（∧)between the two words and write, the missing word to their right with a “→” in between. If you delete a word, copy it, cross it and put a slash（／)to its right with a “→” in between.
Example：【答案与解析】
1．in→for（“for＋时间段”常用于现在完成时中。for quite a while在很长时间内。）
2．seventh→seven（表示“每几……”时，应该用基数词加上相应的单位而非序数词加单位。）
3．were→was（主谓一致。本句主语one in every seven deaths 应和单数谓语对应。）
4．now→then（from then on 为固定搭配，意为“从那时起”。）
5．the（定冠词the通常表示特指。在专有名词等无需特指的名词前面一般不需加the。）
6．imported→exported（根据句意，本句中进出口的对象是发达国家的抗菌素，所以只能是“出口”到发展中国家；此外，根据介词to也可判断应将import改为export。）
7．are→were（本句显然是在表示过去时间发生的事情。）
8．vanished→had vanished（从句的谓语动作vanish发生在主句谓语动作come back之前，故而用完成时。）
9．better→worse（根据句意，应该是情况恶化而非转好。）
10．constantly→constant（此处形容词constant 做宾语补足语。）
Part II Reading Comprehension（40 points）
Section A
Directions：Read the following passages that are followed by some questions respectively. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best：answer to each of the questions after reading the corresponding passage. （30 points）
Passage 1
Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21countries are members, have shown that 45 per cent of reptile species mad 24 per cent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.
European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr. Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and nature resources division of the council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one；of the few areas in Europe to hold the council’s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr. Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the l960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr. Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right.
No area could be, expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction, he went on. The short view that reserves had to serve：immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future.
"We forget that they are the guarantee of life systems, on which any built-up are area ultimately depends," Dr. Baum went on. ¨We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have shrunk to become mere islands in a, spoiled and highly polluted land mass.
1．Recent studies by the Council of Europe show that_____.
A. it is only in Britain that wildlife needs more protection.
B. all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying out
C. there are fewer species of reptiles, and butterflies in Europe than elsewhere
D. certain species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe need protecting.
2．Dr. Baum, a representative of the Council, visited one particular British national park because_____.
A. he was presenting the park with a diploma for its achievements
B. he was concerned about how the park was being run
C. it was the only national park of its kind in Europe
D. it was the only park which had ever received a diploma from the Council
3．Although it is difficult nowadays to convince the public of the importance of nature reserves, Dr. Baum felt that_____.
A. People would support moves to create more environment areas.
B. people would carry on supporting：those national parks in existence.
C. existing national parks would need to be more independent to survive
D. certain areas of countryside should be left undisturbed by man
4．In Dr. Baum's opinion, a true nature reserve_____.
A. could never survive in a modern age
B. should provide buildings for human activities
C. should be regarded as a place where nature is protected
D. could provide special areas for tourists to enjoy
5．Although we all depend on the resources of nature for our survival_____.
A. industrial products are replacing all our natural resources
B. it is only on islands that nature survives
C. we have forgotten what our original countryside looked like
D. we have allowed areas of country side to be spoilt by industrial development【答案与解析】
1．D从第一段最后一句“Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have shown that 45 percent of reptile species and 24 percent of butterflies are in danger or dying out”可以得知有许多爬行类动物种类和蝴蝶都面临危险和灭绝。
2．A由第二段第二句“...Dr. Baum had come to present it to the park once again”可知Dr. Baum到这儿来是再次向该公园授予证书的。
3．C由第二段末尾“Dr. Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right”可知，Dr. Baum坚持认为自然环境需要平静地存在，暗示出某些地区不应该被人类打扰。
4．C由第三段末尾“The short view that reserves had to serve：immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future”可知，应该充分接受自然保护区作为保护未来自然的区域的重要性，摒弃其必须为满足人们对户外游憩的直接需求而服务的短浅目光。
5．D由文章结尾“We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have shrunk to become mere islands in a, spoiled and highly polluted land mass”可知，我们每天必需的工业产品也是依赖于自然资源，但那些原本属于乡村和郊外的区域已经变成了被开发殆尽的、高度污染的地面上的孤岛。故A、B两项错误，而C项在这里不相关。
Passage 2
As we enter the era of the knowledge society, a recent survey of 12 OECD countries provides a sobering thought：at least a quarter of the adult population fails to reach the minimum literacy levels needed to cope adequately with the demands of everyday life and work, let alone structural economic and social change. Sobering indeed and it is a finding which poses a formidable challenge to education, social, labor market and economic policies. In January l996 the OECD education ministers agreed to develop strategies for lifelong learning for all. The approach has been endorsed by ministers of labor, ministers of social affairs and the OECD Council at ministerial level. It is an approach whose importance may now be clearer than ever.
The economic rationale for lifelong learning comes from two principal sources. First, with the rise of the knowledge-based economy, the threshold of skills demanded by employers is being constantly raised. Certainly in respect of skills, the migration from the farm to the factory was easily accomplished, compared with what is required for the transition to the knowledge economy. Obviously the rise in unemployment in many OECD countries since the mid-1970s and widening income gaps in others are a product, of this knowledge and skill gap. Individuals, with low skills have been and will continue to be penalized. Second, technological developments demand a continuous renewal and updating of skills, as career jobs with a single employer become, rarer and as job descriptions evolve and diversify rapidly under shifting market conditions.
There are irresistible social arguments in favor of promoting education beyond traditional schooling and throughout adult life. The distribution of learning opportunities is already quite uneven and the polarization between the knowledge 'haves' and 'have nots' poses a new and pressing—political—challenge. Apart from unemployment and widening earning gaps there are other problems too；those in small and medium size firms find it harder to gain access to learning than employees of larger firms and in general women have poorer access than men. These discrepancies gnaw at the very fabric of democracy. Lifelong learning strategies can play an important role in breaking the cycle of disadvantage and marginalization and so reinforce social cohesion. And lifelong learning can instill creativity, initiative and responsiveness in the individual, and therefore deliver better Personal economic security.
1．What is the finding that brings a great challenge to education, social, labor market and economic policies?
A. A recent survey of 12 OECD countries
B. At least a quarter of the adult population fail to reach the minimum literacy levels
C. A sobering thought about structural economic and social change
D. A formidable challenge to education, social, labor market and economic policies
2．The approach of developing strategies for lifelong learning for all_____.
A. has been approved by ministers of labor and social affairs.
B. has been discussed by ministers of labor and social affairs.
C. has been put forward by ministers of labor and social affairs.
D. has been turned down by ministers of labor and social affairs.
3．There is a rise in unemployment in many OECD countries and widening income gaps in others because_____.
A. the rise of the knowledge-based economy demands workers to have more knowledge and skills.
B. the knowledge economy needs employer to raise their skills.
C. employers migrate from farms to factories.
D. transition of the economy is needed.
4．With the development and diversity of job descriptions_____.
A. a single employer becomes rarer.
B. employees will have to renew and update their skills continuously.
C. market conditions will shift rapidly.
D. employees will work for one boss only.
5．In small and medium size firms_____.
A. employees find it harder to study than employees in large firms.
B. women are poorer in learning than men.
C. women earn less than men.
D. employees have fewer chances to learn than employees in large firms.【答案与解析】
1．B从第一段“at least a quarter of the adult population fails to reach the minimum literacy levels needed to cope adequately with the demands of everyday life and work, let alone structural economic and social change. Sobering indeed and it is a finding which poses a formidable challenge to education, social, labor market and economic policies”可以得知这个发现是“至少有四分之一成年人口未能达到最低识字水平”。
2．A由第一段末尾“In January l996 the OECD education ministers agreed to develop strategies for lifelong learning for all. The approach has been endorsed by ministers of labor, ministers of social affairs and the OECD Council at ministerial level”可知该策略已得到劳工部长、社会事务部长和经合组织部长级理事会的认同。endorse支持；批准。
3．A由第二段第二、三句“Certainly in respect of skills, the migration from the farm to the factory was easily accomplished, compared with what is required for the transition to the knowledge economy. Obviously the rise in unemployment in many OECD countries since the mid-1970s and widening income gaps in others are a product, of this knowledge and skill gap”可知，失业率的上升以及收入差异的增大是来自于向知识经济的过渡阶段产生的知识和技能差距。故A项正确。
4．B由第二段末尾“technological developments demand a continuous renewal and updating of skills, as career jobs with a single employer become, rarer and as job descriptions evolve and diversify rapidly under shifting market conditions”可知，随着市场环境转变下单一雇主变得越来越少、工作描述也更加多样化，技术进步要求员工不断更新自己的技能。
5．A由文章结尾倒数第四句“those in small and medium size firms find it harder to gain access to learning than employees of larger firms”可知，中小型企业的员工不如大型企业的员工那样容易获得学习资源。
Passage 3
I do not think that there is such a thing as ABSOLUTE religious or sacred music. What is true of other things in life is true of music. It is relative. What is true in art today may be deemed quite untrue by the next generation. Take, for example, the musical consonance and discord once recognized as essential elements in music. Modem composers and musicians do not recognize the old order of things. The Gregorian Chant has been associated in Christian nations with religion for hundreds of years, so it invokes within us religious feeling. In a non-Christian land the same chant might re-use martial sentiment, if it had been used there for that purpose TRADITIONALLY. Play the Gregorian chant to an Australian bushman and it may not affect him devotionally at all-but a certain crude melody of his own will. At the same time, his wild music may inspire feelings of a quite different nature in others in a different environment.
The same is true of the music of different musical instruments. The horn has been associated with the chase. When we think of the chase we instinctively think of the horn. The guitar is associated with romance—a gondola（平底鞋）under the Rialto in Venice, or a young man under a window in Seville. Nowadays, we associate war with trumpet and drum—the instruments of fire and fury. But in ancient Greece the bards were wont to lash the country into feverish martial activities by singing and playing on the lyre. The Gaelic bards did the same. Now, the lyre is to US an instrument of tender tones and romantic feeling.
During the exciting days of the French Revolution the singing of the Marseillaise was thought more dangerous by those in power than incendiary speeches or weapons of war. It inspired people to make sacrifices; it roused them to fight and to die fighting. I am certain that, in a country that knows nothing about the French Revolution or of this great song of France, the Marseillaise could be effectively used for religious revival.
Art, then is influenced by environment, education, and association of ideas. Art, like love, is a state of mind and heart, and the art of music more so than other arts. The arts of poetry, painting, and sculpture have tangible forms. But music is formless it is all feeling. For that reason it is the more dynamic, and produces a deeper emotional effect.
1．What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Music is formless.
B. Music is relative.
C. Music is influenced by environment.
D. Music is more dynamic than other art forms.
2．The author mentions "the musical consonance and discord"(in paragraph 1)in order to_____.
A. illustrate how people's idea change about music.
B. explain more clearly what modem music is.
C. show the old order of music compositions.
D. demonstrate what were the essential elements in music.
3．Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Marseillaise?
A. Some people feared it more than weapons.
B. It was popular during the French Revolution.
C. In some countries it was used for religious purposes.
D. It inspired the French revolutionaries to fight bravely.
4．Compared with other art forms, music_____.
A. changes more slowly.
B. is less ideal.
C. is not regarded as so sacred.
D. has greater association with one's heart.
5．Music is the same as musical instruments in a way that both of them_____.
A. are traditionally sacred.
B. rare absolutely affecting
C. inspire people's feelings differently.
D. produce deep social effect.【答案与解析】
1．D文章第一段介绍了音乐审美的相对性，第二段提到乐器所能引发人们不同的联想，第三段通过《马赛曲》说明音乐的感染力是无国界的、其功能也是可以改变的，第四段以音乐的变幻无形作为结尾。由此可知A、B、C三个选项都只是关注到了某一个方面，D项符合文章的核心观点。
2．A由该表达所在的上下文“What is true in art today may be deemed quite untrue by the next generation. Take, for example, the musical consonance and discord once recognized as essential elements in music. Modem composers and musicians do not recognize the old order of things”可知，作者的目的是举例说明一些旧时的创作标准放到现代已经不合时宜了，表现音乐审美的变化。
3．A由第三段可知，《马赛曲》在法国大革命期间广为传唱，鼓舞着人们视死如归地去战斗，被当局者视为比战斗演讲或者武器还要严重的威胁（the singing of the Marseillaise was thought more dangerous by those in power than incendiary speeches or weapons of war），这里只是一种夸张的表达，并不是乐曲本人让人感到恐惧。故A错误。
4．D由最后一段第二句“Art, like love, is a state of mind and heart, and the art of music more so than other arts”可知，音乐在与人的心灵和精神的关联上要比其他艺术性更为尤甚。
5．C由第一段末尾和第二段开头“At the same time, his wild music may inspire feelings of a quite different nature in others in a different environment. The same is true of the music of different musical instruments”可知，音乐和乐器的共同点是在不同的环境中激发迥异的感受。
Section B
Directions：Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]