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河南师范大学外国语学院244英语历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年河南师范大学外国语学院243英语考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Multiple Choice（每小题1分，共20分）
1.—I’ll do the washing-up. Jack, would you please do the floor?
—_____.
A. Yes please.
B. No, I don’t.
C. Yes, sure.
D. No, not at all.【答案】C【解析】句意：——我要去洗衣服，杰克，你能扫地吗？——当然可以。A项“好的，请吧。”与语境不符。而问句是请别人帮忙，对方否定回答要委婉，不能直接用No来回答，只有C项最为合适。
2. There are over 58,000 rocky objects in _____ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _____ earth.
A. the, the
B. 不填, the
C. the, 不填
D. a, the【答案】B【解析】句意：太空中有超过58000个岩石物体，其中大约900个可能掉落到地球上。in space“在太空，在宇宙空间”为固定短语，中间不加任何冠词。earth“地球”，在表示一些独一无二的东西的名词前要用定冠词the。on the earth在地球上。on earth究竟，到底。由此可知正确答案为B。
3. Jim went to answer the phone. _____, Harry started to prepare lunch.
A. However
B. Nevertheless
C. Besides
D. Meanwhile【答案】D【解析】句意：吉姆去接电话。而与此同时，亨利开始准备午饭。however不管怎样；然而，可是。nevertheless然而，不过。besides此外，而且。meanwhile与此同时。由语境可知此处表示前后两个动作同时发生，故答案选D。
4. Joseph _____ to evening classes since last month,, but he still can’t say “what’s your name?” in Russian.
A. has been going
B. went
C. goes
D. has gone【答案】A【解析】句意：约瑟夫自从上个月以来一直在上夜校，但他仍然还不会用俄语说“你叫什么名字？”。考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语since last month可排除B项和C项；现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成或过去发生但强调对现在的影响的事情，现在完成进行时表示到现在为止一直在做某事，强调连续性。由题意应使用现在完成进行时，即选项A。
5. We were astonished _____ the temple still in its original condition.
A. finding
B. to find
C. find
D. to be found【答案】B【解析】句意：发现这座古庙仍然处于原始的状态，我们感到很惊讶。考查不定式用法。本题中不定式在形容词后面作为原因状语，be astonished to astonished to see/find/hear/learn表示“惊讶地看到/发现/听到/得知……”，故B正确。
6. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _____ be regular exercise.
A. can
B. will
C. must
D. may【答案】C【解析】句意：医生说，锻炼对健康很重要，但一定要是定期锻炼。此题考查情态动词。can能够，可以。will将会。must一定；必须。may可以。由题意故选C。
7. We only had $100 and that was _____ to buy a new computer.
A. nowhere near enough
B. near enough nowhere
C. enough near nowhere
D. near nowhere enough【答案】A【解析】句意：我们只有100美元，怎么也不够买一台新电脑的。考查副词用法。nowhere near 是固定短语，意思是“差得远；远不及”，相当于一个形容词。enough作副词用，修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在被修饰词的后面。故A为正确表达方式。
8. Thousands of people _____ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland
A. turned on
B. turned in
C. turned around
D. turned out【答案】A【解析】句意：成千上万的人打开电视机观看昨天对抗爱尔兰的比赛。turn on打开（电源、水源、电器等）turn in上缴；交还；内弯。turn around转身，好转。turn out结果是。故A项与句意最为符合，故选A。
9. The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _____ he wanted to sit next to his wife.
A. although
B. unless
C. because
D. if【答案】C【解析】句意：老人让露西挪到另一张椅子上，因为他想坐在他妻子旁边。由题意可知前后句子为因果关系，故此处用because解释原因。
10. I _____ all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.
A. will do
B. do
C. am doing
D. had done【答案】B【解析】句意：我一直为全家人做饭，但最近我太忙了没有时间来做。本题考查一般现在时的用法.一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的行为。I do all the cooking for my family指一直以来都在做的事情。现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，或者表示过去发生的事情延续到现在。故B正确。
11. I agree to his suggestion _____ the condition that he drops all charges.
A. by
B. in
C. on
D. to【答案】C【解析】句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他放弃所有的指控。on the condition that是固定短语，表示“在……条件下”。故选C。
12. The new movie _____ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.
A. promises
B. agrees
C. pretends
D. declines【答案】A【解析】句意：这部新电影有希望成为有史以来最吸金的电影。promise to be“预示……有可能发生”，为固定句型，故A为正确答案。
13. The fact that she was foreign made _____ difficult for her to get a job in that country.
A. so
B. much
D. that
D. it【答案】D【解析】句意：她是外国人这一事实使她很难在那个国家找到工作。首先difficult是形容词，much后不可接形容词，故排除。该句中的宾语（get a job in that country）太长，因此需要一个代词it来做形式宾语。
14. —It’s no use having ideas only.
—Don’t worry. Peter can show you _____ to turn an idea into an act.
A. how
B. who
C. what
D. where【答案】A【解析】句意：——只有想法是没有用的。——别担心。彼得可以向你展示如何把想法变为行动。分析句子结构可知，此处是“疑问词＋动词不定式”代替宾语从句，连接词how表示“如何，怎样”，合乎句意，故选A。
15. Alexander Tried to get his work _____ in the in medical circles.
A. to recognize
B. recognizing
C. recognize
D. recognized【答案】D【解析】句意：亚历山大努力使他的工作成绩在医疗圈内得到认可。get sth. done“使某事/物被做”，为固定句型，故选D。recognize辨认出；正式承认，认可。
16. Your house is always so neat—how do you _____ it with three children?
A. manage
B. serve
C. adapt
D. construct【答案】A【解析】句意：你的房子总是很整洁——带着三个孩子你是怎么做到的？manage经营，管理；设法做成，努力完成（困难的事）；成功应付（难题）。serve服务。adapt采纳；收养。construct建设。由题意应选A。
17. Helping others is a habit, _____ you can learn even at an early age.
A. it
B. that
C. what
D. one【答案】D【解析】句意：帮助他们是一个习惯，是一个在很小的时候你就能够学会的习惯。此题考查代词及同位语的用法。it指代上文出现的同一事物；that指代可数名词单数或者不可数名词，后面必须有定语修饰；one指代可数名词单数，表示泛指。本题中one与a habit构成同位语关系，都表示泛指。故选项D为正确答案。
18. Those who suffer from headache will find they get _____ from this medicine.
A. relief
B. safety
C. defense
D. shelter【答案】A【解析】句意：那些患头痛的人将会发现，从这个药物里他们的头疼会得到极大的缓解。relief宽慰，宽心；（恐惧、忧虑或痛苦过后的）轻松。safety安全。defense保护；防卫。shelter庇护；避难所。故A项符合题意。
19. —Her father is very rich.
—_____ She wouldn’t accept his help even if it were offered.
A. What for?
B. So what?
C. No doubt.
D. No wonder.【答案】B【解析】句意：——她父亲非常富裕。——那又怎么样？即使主动给她帮助，她也不会接受的。表示“那又怎样，那又如何”用“So what?”。What for表示“为了什么”。No doubt 表示“毫无疑问”。No wonder表示“不足为奇；难怪”。
20. Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _____ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.
A. heavy
B. smooth
C. flexible
D. complex【答案】C【解析】句意：在外工作的妈妈们应该有灵活的工作时间以方便她们照顾孩子。flexible灵活的，可变通的。heavy沉重的；过度的；繁重的。smooth光滑的；细腻的；流畅的。complex复杂的；合成的。故只有C项符合题意。
Ⅱ. Cloze (每小题0.5分，共10分)
When I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary. I was (21)______ to see that it was an English-English dictionary, also known as a monolingual dictionary. (22)______ it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners, none of my classmates had one (23)______, to be honest, I found it extremely (24)______ to use at first. I would look up words in the dictionary and (25)______ not fully understand the meanings. I was used to the (26)______ bilingual dictionaries, in which the words are (27)______ both in English and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt (28)______ to make things so difficult for me. Now, after studying English at university for three years, I (29)______ that monolingual dictionaries are (30)______ in learning a foreign language.
As I found out, there is, (31)______, often no perfect equivalence between two (32)______ in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to (33)______ that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the (34)______ meaning of a word in English! (35)______, she insisted that I read the definition of a word in a monolingual dictionary (36)______ I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning. (37)______, I have come to see what she meant.
Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way. This dictionary uses a(n) (38)______ number of words, around 2,000, in its definitions. When I read these definitions, I am (39)______ exposed to the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas. (40)______ this, I can express myself more easily in English.
21. A. worried
B. sad
C. surprised
D. nervous
22. A. Because
B. Although
C. Unless
D. If
23. A. but
B. so
C. or
D. and
24. A. difficult.
B. interesting
C. ambiguous
D. practical
25. A. thus
B. even
C. still
D. again
26. A. new
B. familiar
C. earlier
D. ordinary
27. A. explained
B. expressed
C. described
D. created
28. A. offered
B. agreed
C. decided
D. happened
29. A. imagine
B. recommend
C. predict
D. understand
30. A. natural
B. better
C. easier
D. convenient
31. A. at
B. in fact
C. at times
D. in case
32. A. words
B. names
C. ideas
D. characters
33. A. hope
B. declare
C. doubt
D. tell
34. A. exact
B. basic
C. translated
D. expected
35. A. Rather
B. However
C. Therefore
D. instead
36. A. when
B. before
C. until
D. while
37. A. Largely
B. Generally
C. Gradually
D. Probably
38. A. extra
B. average
C. total
D. limited
39. A. repeatedly
B. nearly
C. immediately
D. anxiously
40. A. According to
B. In relation to
C. In addition to
D. Because of【答案与解析】
21.C 由下文可知，作者是一个中国大学生，尽管这本词典是专为非英语母语的学习者设计的，但作者及其同学从前从没用过这样的词典，所以当作者看到英英词典的时候，他是感到“吃惊的”，而不是“焦虑的”“伤心的”或“紧张的”，故C符合题意。
22.B 前后两句在意义上是让步关系，“尽管这本词典是专为非英语母语的学习者设计的，但我的同学中，没有一个人从前有过这样的词典”，所以用although引导让步状语从句。而A项because引导原因状语从句；unless和if引导条件状语从句。故选B。
23.D 此处是一个并列连词，连接前后两句。前句表达的是“以前没用过这样的词典”，后面又说“开始用时很难”，两句应是并列关系，所以用and。but表转折；so表因果；or表选择。故选D。
24.A 作者开始使用英英词典时不太习惯，且下文提到“并不能完全理解意思”，由此可推测此处意为“用起来很难”，故应填difficult。interesting有趣味的。ambiguous模糊的，模棱两可的。practical实用的。
25.C 句中有否定词not和副词fully，所以应用still，表示“仍然不能够完全……”的意思。
26.B be used to表示“习惯于……”，对作者来说应是习惯了“熟悉的”双语词典。故familiar（熟悉的）符合题意。
27.A 该句为定语从句，根据常识：在词典中单词的意思是被“解释出来”的，所以用explained。express表达。describe描述。create创造。
28.C 该句句意为“我真纳闷我姑妈为什么决定这么为难我”。decide to do sth. 决定做某事。offer to do（主动地）提供，给予（帮助等）。agree to do同意做某事。happen to do碰巧……。故只有C项符合题意。
29.D 联系上下文，过去我会纳闷姑妈为什么给我英英词典，但经过三年的英语学习，明白了英英词典的好处。understand理解，懂得。imagine想象。recommend推荐。predict预测。
30.B 此句中将monolingual dictionaries和bilingual dictionaries作比较，A和D项没有用比较级；better强调更好，更实用；而easier表达句意与原文不符。故选B。
31.B 该句句意为“实际上，两种语言之间的两个词没有完全的对应”。in fact实际上，事实上。at best至多；充其量。at times有时。in case万一，以防。显然A、C、D项不合语境。故选B。
32.A 从下文的“姑妈甚至还声称汉语意译不能给出一个英语单词的确切意思”可知，两种语言之间的两个单词是没有完全的对应的，故填words（单词）。
33.B 句意为“我姑妈甚至还声称汉语意译无法给出一个英语单词的确切意思。”declare声称。hope希望。doubt怀疑。tell 告诉；区别。A、C、D三项均不合语境，故B项最为合适。
34.A 句意同上。exact确切的。basic基本的。translated被翻译的。expected被期望的。因此A项最符合题意。
35.C 从上文可知，姑妈不认可双语词典，“所以她坚持要我在想要更好理解某个单词的词义时，去读英英词典的单词释义”。由此可判断前后为因果关系，故填therefore。rather而是。however 可是，然而。instead相反，而，却。
36.A 表示“当……时候”，用when引导时间状语从句。而before通常指“在……之前”；until指“直到……时候”；while指“在……的同时”。
37.C 该句的谓语have come to see表示变化过程，所以用gradually表示“渐渐地”。largely在很大程度上；多半；主要地。generally一般地，广泛地，普遍地；大体而言。probably很可能。
38.D 从后面的 “around 2,000” 可知词典中用于解释词义的词汇量是有限的。limited有限的。extra 额外的。average平均的，普通的。total总的。
39.A 由题意，“在有限的范围内，查阅阅读释义的话，就会反复接触基本词汇、学会这些词汇怎样用来解释事物和观点”，所以用repeatedly表示“反复地，经常地”。nearly几乎。immediately立刻，马上。anxiously着急地。
40.D 根据逻辑分析，下文的“我能用英语更流利地表达自己”应该是“因为”使用了这本词典的缘故。because of因为。according to根据。in relation to关于，有关，涉及。in addition to除此之外，而且。故D项符合题意。
Ⅲ. Translation from Chinese into English with the Given Words（每小题2分，共10分）
41.这本杂志花了我20多元。(cost)【答案】This magazine cost me over twenty yuan.
42.雨天我总是比平时起得晚。（than)【答案】I always get up later than usual on the rainy days.
43.看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗帘并把电视的音量调低了。（turn)【答案】Seeing Grandmother was sleepy, he drew the curtain together and turned down the TV.
44.乍一看，这块手表没有什么特别之处，但实际上它是一部手机。(there be)【答案】There’s nothing special about this watch at first sight, but actually it is a mobile phone.
45.我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。(once)【答案】We agreed that once the research conclusion was made, it would be made public as soon as possible.
Ⅳ. Translation from English into Chinese (每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
Equal are the generous gifts granted by Nature to all human individuals, be they wealthy or impoverished. Therefore, all human individuals have become unanimously and profoundly indebted to Nature. This is particularly true in rural areas where ways of life have remained intact and unchanged for people for thousands of years—sowing crops and grapes, brewing and drinking wines, grazing and milking cows, hoeing grasses and planting flower-trees, going to churches for religious prayers and services on weekends, playing musical instruments, dancing and singing on squares. The fields in former times are still their present-day homes glowing with human warmth. In such a way, each locality has evolved its own unique folk tales and has transmitted its distinctive habits and customs.【参考译文】
大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然全都一致并深深地依赖着，尤其在乡间。上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着，种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花，在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。
Ⅴ. Reading Comprehension（每小题2分，共30分）
Passage One
A recent study, published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone. By contrast, the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.
The authors also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight, with passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.
Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with "really stupid behavior" than with a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue,” He says, “is that adults who are-responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.”
Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate（使……缓解）the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a multistage process. A graduated license requires that a teenager first, prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions, before graduating to full driving privileges.
Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers, California is the strictest, with a novice（新手）driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20 (without the presence of an adult over 25) for the first six months.
46. Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?
A) Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p.m.
B) A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.
C) Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.
D) A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.
47. According to Robert Foss, the high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to _____.
A) their frequent driving at night
B) their improper way of driving
C) their lack of driving experience
D) their driving with passengers
48. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statement is TRUE?
A) Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.
B) Driving is a skill too complicated for teenagers to learn.
C) Restrictions should be imposed on teenagers applying to take driving lessons.
D) The licensing authorities are partly responsible for teenagers’ driving accidents.
49. A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers, driving accidents is that _____.
A) driving in the presence of an adult should be made a rule
B) they should be prohibited from taking on passengers
C) they should not be allowed to drive after 10 p.m.
D) the licensing system should be improved
50. The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system _____.
A) is under discussion
B) is about to be set up
C) has been put into effect
D) has been perfected【答案与解析】
46.B 从文中第一段 “A recent study…offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver” 以及第二段中 “the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight, With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident” 可知在夜间搭乘未成年人的车是很危险的。故B项正确。
47.C 文章第三段提到 “the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with ‘really stupid behavior’ than with just a lack of driving experience” 意即“未成年驾驶者的高死亡率更多的应归咎于缺乏驾驶经验而不是愚蠢的行为”。故C项符合题意。
48.D 第三段中指出，“The basic issue…is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.” 即基本的问题在于那些负责发放驾驶执照的人们没有意识到开车是件复杂并且需要熟练技术的工作。因此选项D说法正确。
49.D 文中第四段提到，“Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems，in which getting a license is a multistage process”，由此可知解决此问题的办法在于建立渐进式发证系统，获得驾驶执照须经多个阶段。即要降低事故发生率，应当建立完善发证系统。这与D项意思相同，故选D。
50.C 根据最后一段 “About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place” 即这种发证系统已经在过半数以上的州得以实施。故C项说法正确。
Passage Two
About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when and a young boy sat down the next table, I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: “So, how have you been?” And the boy—who could not have been more than seven or eight years old—replied. “Frankly, I’ve been feeling a little depressed lately.”
This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school.
The evidence of a change in Children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.
Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists. Why?
Human development is based not only on innate biological stales, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from filth graders.
In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information, and indiscriminately to all viewers alike, be they children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.
Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practices. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.
51. According to the author, feeling depressed is _____.
A) a sure sign of a psychological problem in a child
B) something hardly to be expected in a young child
C) an inevitable has of children’s mental development
D) a mental scale present in all humans, including children
52. Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world _____.
A) through contact with society
B) gradually and under guidance
C) naturally and by biological instinct
D) through exposure to social information
53. The phenomenon that today’s children seem adult like is attributed by the author to _____.
A) the widespread influence of television
B) the poor arrangement of teaching content
C) the fast pace of human intellectual development
D) the constantly rising standard of living
54. Why is the author in favor of communication through print for children?
A) It enables children to gain more social information.
B) It develops children’s interest in reading and writing.
C) It helps children to memorize and practice more.
D) It can control what children are to learn.
55. What does the author think of the change in today’s children?
A) He feels amused by chair premature behavior.
B) He thinks it is a phenomenon worthy of note.
C) He considers it a positive development.
D) He seems to be upset about it.【答案与解析】
51.B 由题干feeling depressed定位至文章第二段，作者说到“my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school”，即“我和我的朋友们直到高中才开始感觉沮丧”，言下之意就是小孩子是不会出现沮丧心理的。符合此意的是选项B。
52.B 本题讨论孩子学习社会知识的途径，本文第五段提到，“Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages”其中be taught in stages（按阶段，循序渐进）对应选项B中的under guidance与gradually。故B为正确答案。
53.A 文章第六段讲到，电视在美国社会的普及，以及电视不分地域、不分老幼地传播信息的特点对孩子们的学习途径产生影响：“many children turn their attention from printed texts to moving pictures”由此可推断孩子们如今的早熟是由于电视的广泛影响。故该题选A。
54.D 作者在最后一段主张孩子们应该通过印刷媒介交流信息，“Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access.”即通过印刷媒介交流可以控制儿童能够接触到的信息。故D项符合题意。
55.D 第四段中作者提出：“Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say”似乎对儿童的变化是好是坏没有做出评判，而最后一句话又说“Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials”由此可见作者的态度是为这种现象感到忧虑。故D项说法最为合适。
Passage Three
Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.
One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesn’t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem.
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