作者：托尔斯泰
出版社：辽宁人民出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
战争与和平(上、下册)试读：
More classics to be soon published are:
Dracula by Bram Stoker
Dubliners by James Joyce
Gulliver's Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World by Jonathan Swift
Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson
Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad
The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson
The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling
The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain
The Vision of Hell by Dante Alighieri
The King James Version of the Bible
Essays of Michel de Montaigne Complete by Michel de Montaigne
The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
Democracy and Education:An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education by Dewey
The Secret Adversary by Agatha Christie
Paradise Lost by John Milton
The Bedside Classics of World Literature,Philosophy and Psychology
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Best Essays of Ralph Waldo Emerson by R.W.Emerson ￥15.50
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Phaedo by Plato ￥36.00
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Kim by Rudyard Kipling ￥18.00
The Story of Mankind by Hendrik van Loon ￥30.00
The Time Machine by H.G.Wells ￥13.00
The Essays on the Wisdom of Life by Arthur Schopenhauer ￥12.00
Pascal’s Pensées by Blaise Pascal ￥23.00
The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan ￥14.00
Totem and Taboo by Sigmund Freud ￥11.00
The Story of My Life by Helen Keller ￥22.00
Jean-Christophe by Romain Rolland （Volume I）￥33.00
War and Peace （I + II）by Leo Tolstoy ￥68.00
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Is This Book for You?一部超越了所有同时代其他作品的小说——“最经典英语文库”第四辑之《战争与和平》导读
王维强罗曼·罗兰曾说道：“它是我们时代最伟大的史诗，是近代的《伊利亚特》。”
英国作家毛姆盛赞它是“有史以来最伟大的小说”。
法国作家福楼拜赞赏该书是“第一流的作品”。
英国小说家、戏剧家高尔斯华绥说，“这是一部空前的最伟大的小说”。
俄国批判现实主义作家、诗人和剧作家屠格涅夫说它是“一部集叙事诗、历史小说和风习志之大成的、独树一帜的、多方面的作品”，“在公众心目中断然占据了首屈一指的地位”。
这部被上述著名作家们高度评论的作品，就是世界文学史上的宏伟巨著，列夫·托尔斯泰创作的《战争与和平》。
列夫·托尔斯泰（1828-1910）是俄国伟大的批判现实主义作家。他的主要作品还有《安娜·卡列尼娜》、《复活》、《哥萨克》等。
这部写于1863年至1869年的作品，是部历史题材的长篇小说。小说以包尔康斯基、别竺豪夫、罗斯托夫和库拉金四家贵族为主线，以1812年俄国的卫国战争为中心，以1805年至1820年间，俄奥联军与法国在奥斯特里茨战役、法国入侵俄国、波罗金诺战役等历史事件为背景，反映了在战争与和平年代交替的环境中极为广阔的社会生活场景。
我们可以从以下几个方面深入了解《战争与和平》作品内容。
其一，小说发表的时候，正是俄国文学乃至欧美文学都处在非常繁荣的时期。当时，俄国的小说、诗歌、戏剧等领域都有非常大的发展和进步。国际上，欧美文学不但流派繁多，而且相互影响，共同发展。自然主义文学流行各国，唯美主义和象征主义文学开始泛滥，无产阶级文学逐渐壮大，批判现实主义文学进入新的发展阶段，呈现出新的不平衡。作家群星闪烁，思想形态各异，作品层出不穷。而《战争与和平》又以其对社会生活的广泛概括描述，以其塑造的丰满生动的人物形象、深邃而历史哲学思想和宏大广阔的艺术结构，为俄国的文学增光添彩。它一出现就在国内外引起了强烈反响，让其他作品相映失色。
其二，小说反映社会现实的真实性、广泛性具有难以超越的特点。《战争与和平》有百科全书式的叙事风格，更加直接和准确地反映了俄罗斯人民的性格和气质。光是小说描绘的人物，上至皇帝、大臣、将帅、贵族，下至士兵、商人、农民，就有559个，而且对各阶级各阶层的情绪，都有细腻的反映。例如，安德烈·包尔康斯基，最初是为了摆脱上流社会的庸俗生活，或者是内心想成就自己的功名而当兵打仗，后来受重伤感到自己渺小，心灰意懒，悲观厌世，最后在娜塔莎爱情的感召下又要建立功勋。整个人物既有贵族阶级的情感，又不断演变，逐渐形成自己的世界观和思想。
作品中的每一个人物都有着不一样的美。有的外表美丽，有的不仅仅在于外貌，更在于心地善良和乐于助人，比如娜塔莎，心地善良，胸怀坦荡，富有同情心，品德高尚，透射着内在美。还有玛利亚公爵小姐，有着和谐的人生态度，对爱有信仰并追逐精神之美。“一个人并不是因为美丽而可爱，而是因为可爱而美丽”这句话，即出自罗斯托夫对爱妻玛利亚的称赞。
其他的人物也都丰满和深入人心。小说对环境和故事情节也都体现着时代性和丰富性。因此，屠格涅夫说读它“胜过读几百部有关民族学和历史的著作”。
其三，小说从头至尾体现着把“全面”作为主题，忠于历史，渗透着哲学意味。其中有“人民主题”“贵族主题”“反战主题”“和平主题”等。其中，最难能可贵的就是人民在战争中所表现的“俄国之心”。作品肯定当时的时代精神和时代中心是人民。人民的情绪决定着战争的胜负。人民主要是农民决定了1812年战争时代的内容和发展方向。这同唯物史观“人民创造了历史”是高度契合的。正如托尔斯泰自己在1851年9月写到，“编一部真正的、翔实的本世纪欧洲史，这是个需要毕生为之奋斗的目标。历史上少见如此有教益而又探讨得如此不足的时代，要以不偏不倚的正确态度去探讨它……。有了丰富、新鲜的史料，加上历史的、前所未有的公正态度，就能达到完美无缺”。
其四，小说宏大的结构和严整的布局，极其罕见的广阔视角和恢弘的气势，是后来很多小说都难以超越的。小说在极力延伸时空维度的基础上，掺杂了生活逻辑的前因后果，形成了由当前到未来的第三个维度。它把史诗、历史小说和编年历史等样式巧妙地融合在了一起，让情节内容在多线索发展的同时，又主次分明，相互照应，形成有机整体。四个家族的生活和活动是一条主线，互相间又通过人物的恋爱、婚姻联结起来。《战争与和平》里的生活，也是用类似于蒙太奇的手法，按照编年的顺序交替出现的。同时，在描摹人物和叙述历史中，又常常插入对历史、哲学、宗教、道德观点的大段阐述，引发读者思考或者阐述自己的观点。总之，这样宏大新颖的结构，与性格鲜明的人物、广泛而概括的社会生活以及特色的民族风格一起，形成了小说极高的艺术成就。
Leo Tolstoy
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy（1828-1910）,also known as Leo Tolstoy,was a Russian writer who primarily wrote novels and short stories.Tolstoy was a master of realistic fiction and is widely considered one of the world’s greatest novelists.He is best known for two long novels,War and Peace （1869）and Anna Karenina （1877）.
Tolstoy first achieved literary acclaim in his 20s for his Sevastopol Sketches （1855）,based on his experiences in the Crimean War,followed by the publication of a semi-autobiographical trilogy of novels,Childhood,Boyhood,and Youth （1855-1858）.Tolstoy is equally known for his complicated and paradoxical persona and for his extreme moralistic and ascetic views,which he adopted after a moral crisis and spiritual awakening in the 1870s,after which he also became noted as a moral thinker and social reformer.
General Preface
Millions of Chinese are learning English to acquire knowledge and skills for communication in a world where English has become the primary language for international discourse.Yet not many learners have come to realize that the command of the English language also enables them to have an easy access to the world literary classics such as Shakespeare’s plays,Shelley’s poems,mark Twain’s novels and Nietzsche’s works which are an important part of liberal-arts education.The most important goals of universities are not vocational,that is,not merely the giving of knowledge and the training of skills.
In a broad sense,education aims at broadening young people’s mental horizon,cultivating virtues and shaping their character.Lincoln,Mao Zedong and many other great leaders and personages of distinction declared how they drew immense inspiration and strength from literary works.As a matter of fact,many of them had aspired to become writers in their young age.Alexander the Great （356-323 B.C.）is said to take along with him two things,waking or sleeping:a book and a dagger,and the book is Iliad,a literary classic,by Homer.He would put these two much treasured things under his pillow when he went to bed.
Today,we face an unprecedented complex and changing world.To cope with this rapid changing world requires not only communication skills,but also adequate knowledge of cultures other than our own home culture.Among the most important developments in present-day global culture is the ever increasing cultural exchanges and understanding between different nations and peoples.And one of the best ways to know foreign cultures is to read their literary works,particularly their literary classics,the soul of a country’s culture.They also give you the best language and the feeling of sublimity.
Liaoning People’s Publishing House is to be congratulated for its foresight and courage in making a new series of world literary classics available to the reading public.It is hoped that people with an adequate command of the English language will read them,like them and keep them as their lifetime companions.
I am convinced that the series will make an important contribution to the literary education of the young people in china.At a time when the whole country is emphasizing “spiritual civilization”,it is certainly a very timely venture to put out the series of literary classics for literary and cultural education.Zhang ZhongzaiProfessorBeijing Foreign Studies UniversityJuly,2013 Beijing
总序
经典名著的语言无疑是最凝练、最优美、最有审美价值的。雪莱的那句“如冬已来临，春天还会远吗？”让多少陷于绝望的人重新燃起希望之火，鼓起勇气，迎接严冬过后的春天。徐志摩一句“悄悄的我走了，正如我悄悄的来；我挥一挥衣袖，不带走一片云彩”又让多少人陶醉。尼采的那句“上帝死了”，又给多少人以振聋发聩的启迪作用。
读经典名著，尤其阅读原汁原味作品，可以怡情养性，增长知识，加添才干，丰富情感，开阔视野。所谓“经典”，其实就是作者所属的那个民族的文化积淀，是那个民族的灵魂缩影。英国戏剧泰斗莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》和《麦克白》等、“意大利语言之父”的但丁的《神曲》之《地狱篇》《炼狱篇》及《天堂篇》、爱尔兰世界一流作家詹姆斯·乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》及《一个艺术家的肖像》等、美国风趣而笔法超一流的著名小说家马克·吐温的《哈克历险记》以及《汤姆索亚历险记》等，德国著名哲学家尼采的《查拉图斯特拉如是说》及《快乐的科学》等等，都为塑造自己民族的文化积淀，做出了永恒的贡献，也同时向世界展示了他们所属的民族的优美剪影。
很多著名领袖如林肯、毛泽东等伟大人物，也都曾从经典名著中汲取力量，甚至获得治国理念。耶鲁大学教授查尔斯·希尔曾在题为《经典与治国理念》的文章，阐述了读书与治国之间的绝妙关系。他这样写道：“在几乎所有经典名著中，都可以找到让人叹为观止、深藏其中的治国艺术原则。”
经典名著，不仅仅有治国理念，更具提升读者审美情趣的功能。世界上不同时代、不同地域的优秀经典作品，都存在一个共同属性：歌颂赞美人间的真善美，揭露抨击世间的假恶丑。
读欧美自但丁以来的经典名著，你会看到，西方无论是在漫长的黑暗时期，抑或进入现代进程时期，总有经典作品问世，对世间的负面，进行冷峻的批判。与此同时，也有更多的大家作品问世，热情讴歌人间的真诚与善良，使读者不由自主地沉浸于经典作品的审美情感之中。
英语经典名著，显然是除了汉语经典名著以外，人类整个进程中至关重要的文化遗产的一部分。从历史上看，英语是全世界经典阅读作品中，使用得最广泛的国际性语言。这一事实，没有产生根本性变化。本世纪相当长一段时间，这一事实也似乎不会发生任何变化。而要更深入地了解并切身感受英语经典名著的风采，阅读原汁原味的英语经典作品的过程，显然是必不可少的。
辽宁人民出版社及时并隆重推出“最经典英语文库”系列丛书，是具有远见与卓识的出版行为。我相信，这套既可供阅读，同时也具收藏价值的英语原版经典作品系列丛书，在帮助人们了解什么才是经典作品的同时，也一定会成为广大英语爱好者、大中学生以及学生家长们挚爱的“最经典英语文库”。北京外国语大学英语学院北外公共外交研究中心欧美文学研究中心主任全国英国文学学会名誉会长张中载 教授2013年7月于北京WAR AND PEACEVolume 1BOOK ONE:1805CHAPTER I
"Well,Prince,so Genoa and Lucca are now just family estates of the Buonapartes.But I warn you,if you don't tell me that this means war,if you still try to defend the infamies and horrors perpetrated by that Antichrist—I really believe he is Antichrist—I will have nothing more to do with you and you are no longer my friend,no longer my 'faithful slave,' as you call yourself!But how do you do?I see I have frightened you—sit down and tell me all the news."
It was in July,1805,and the speaker was the wellknown Anna Pavlovna Scherer,maid of honor and favorite of the Empress Marya Fedorovna.With these words she greeted Prince Vasili Kuragin,a man of high rank and importance,who was the first to arrive at her reception.Anna Pavlovna had had a cough for some days.She was,as she said,suffering from la grippe;grippe being then a new word in St.Petersburg,used only by the elite.
All her invitations without exception,written in French,and delivered by a scarlet-liveried footman that morning,ran as follows：
"If you have nothing better to do,Count （or Prince）,and if the prospect of spending an evening with a poor invalid is not too terrible,I shall be very charmed to see you tonight between 7 and 10—Annette Scherer."
"Heavens!what a virulent attack!" replied the prince,not in the least disconcerted by this reception.He had just entered,wearing an embroidered court uniform,knee breeches,and shoes,and had stars on his breast and a serene expression on his flat face.He spoke in that refined French in which our grandfathers not only spoke but thought,and with the gentle,patronizing intonation natural to a man of importance who had grown old in society and at court.He went up to Anna Pavlovna,kissed her hand,presenting to her his bald,scented,and shining head,and complacently seated himself on the sofa.
"First of all,dear friend,tell me how you are.Set your friend's mind at rest," said he without altering his tone,beneath the politeness and affected sympathy of which indifference and even irony could be discerned.
"Can one be well while suffering morally?Can one be calm in times like these if one has any feeling?" said Anna Pavlovna."You are staying the whole evening,I hope?"
"And the fete at the English ambassador's?Today is Wednesday.I must put in an appearance there," said the prince."My daughter is coming for me to take me there."
"I thought today's fete had been canceled.I confess all these festivities and fireworks are becoming wearisome."
"If they had known that you wished it,the entertainment would have been put off," said the prince,who,like a wound-up clock,by force of habit said things he did not even wish to be believed.
"Don't tease!Well,and what has been decided about Novosiltsev's dispatch?You know everything."
"What can one say about it?" replied the prince in a cold,listless tone."What has been decided?They have decided that Buonaparte has burnt his boats,and I believe that we are ready to burn ours."
Prince Vasili always spoke languidly,like an actor repeating a stale part.Anna Pavlovna Scherer on the contrary,despite her forty years,overflowed withanimation and impulsiveness.To be an enthusiast had become her social vocation and,sometimes even when she did not feel like it,she became enthusiastic in order not to disappoint the expectations of those who knew her.The subdued smile which,though it did not suit her faded features,always played round her lips expressed,as in a spoiled child,a continual consciousness of her charming defect,which she neither wished,nor could,nor considered it necessary,to correct.
In the midst of a conversation on political matters Anna Pavlovna burst out：
"Oh,don't speak to me of Austria.Perhaps I don't understand things,but Austria never has wished,and does not wish,for war.She is betraying us!Russia alone must save Europe.Our gracious sovereign recognizes his high vocation and will be true to it.That is the one thing I have faith in!Our good and wonderful sovereign has to perform the noblest role on earth,and he is so virtuous and noble that God will not forsake him.He will fulfill his vocation and crush the hydra of revolution,which has become more terrible than ever in the person of this murderer and villain!We alone must avenge the blood of the just one…Whom,I ask you,can we rely on?…England with her commercial spirit will not and cannot understand the Emperor Alexander's loftiness of soul.She has refused to evacuate Malta.She wanted to find,and still seeks,some secret motive in our actions.What answer did Novosiltsev get?None.The English have not understood and cannot understand the self-abnegation of our Emperor who wants nothing for himself,but only desires the good of mankind.And what have they promised?Nothing!And what little they have promised they will not perform!Prussia has always declared that Buonaparte is invincible,and that all Europe is powerless before him…And I don't believe a word that Hardenburg says,or Haugwitz either.This famous Prussian neutrality is just a trap.I have faith only in God and the lofty destiny of our adored monarch.He will save Europe!"
She suddenly paused,smiling at her own impetuosity.
"I think," said the prince with a smile,"that if you had been sent instead of our dear Wintzingerode you would have captured the King of Prussia's consent by assault.You are so eloquent.Will you give me a cup of tea?"
"In a moment.A propos," she added,becoming calm again,"I am expecting two very interesting men tonight,le Vicomte de Mortemart,who is connected with the Montmorencys through the Rohans,one of the best French families.He is one of the genuine emigres,the good ones.And also the Abbe Morio.Do you know that profound thinker?He has been received by the Emperor.Had you heard?"
"I shall be delighted to meet them," said the prince."But tell me," he added with studied carelessness as if it had only just occurred to him,though the question he was about to ask was the chief motive of his visit,"is it true that the Dowager Empress wants Baron Funke to be appointed first secretary at Vienna?The baron by all accounts is a poor creature."
Prince Vasili wished to obtain this post for his son,but others were trying through the Dowager Empress Marya Fedorovna to secure it for the baron.
Anna Pavlovna almost closed her eyes to indicate that neither she nor anyone else had a right to criticize what the Empress desired or was pleased with.
"Baron Funke has been recommended to the Dowager Empress by her sister," was all she said,in a dry and mournful tone.
As she named the Empress,Anna Pavlovna's face suddenly assumed an expression of profound and sincere devotion and respect mingled with sadness,and this occurred every time she mentioned her illustrious patroness.She added that Her Majesty haddeigned to show Baron Funke beaucoup d'estime,and again her face clouded over with sadness.
The prince was silent and looked indifferent.But,with the womanly and courtierlike quickness and tact habitual to her,Anna Pavlovna wished both to rebuke him （for daring to speak as he had done of a man recommended to the Empress）and at the same time to console him,so she said：
"Now about your family.Do you know that since your daughter came out everyone has been enraptured by her?They say she is amazingly beautiful."
The prince bowed to signify his respect and gratitude.
"I often think," she continued after a short pause,drawing nearer to the prince and smiling amiably at him as if to show that political and social topics were ended and the time had come for intimate conversation—"I often think how unfairly sometimes the joys of life are distributed.Why has fate given you two such splendid children?I don't speak of Anatole,your youngest.I don't like him," she added in a tone admitting of no rejoinder and raising her eyebrows."Two such charming children.And really you appreciate them less than anyone,and so you don't deserve to have them."
And she smiled her ecstatic smile.
"I can't help it," said the prince."Lavater would have said I lack the bump of paternity."
"Don't joke;I mean to have a serious talk with you.Do you know I am dissatisfied with your younger son?Between ourselves" （and her face assumed its melancholy expression）,"he was mentioned at Her Majesty's and you were pitied…"
The prince answered nothing,but she looked at him significantly,awaiting a reply.He frowned.
"What would you have me do?" he said at last."You know I did all a father could for their education,and they have both turned out fools.Hippolyte is at least a quiet fool,but Anatole is an active one.That is theonly difference between them." He said this smiling in a way more natural and animated than usual,so that the wrinkles round his mouth very clearly revealed something unexpectedly coarse and unpleasant.
"And why are children born to such men as you?If you were not a father there would be nothing I could reproach you with," said Anna Pavlovna,looking up pensively.
"I am your faithful slave and to you alone I can confess that my children are the bane of my life.It is the cross I have to bear.That is how I explain it to myself.It can't be helped!"
He said no more,but expressed his resignation to cruel fate by a gesture.Anna Pavlovna meditated.
"Have you never thought of marrying your prodigal son Anatole?" she asked."They say old maids have a mania for matchmaking,and though I don't feel that weakness in myself as yet,I know a little person who is very unhappy with her father.She is a relation of yours,Princess Mary Bolkonskaya."
Prince Vasili did not reply,though,with the quickness of memory and perception befitting a man of the world,he indicated by a movement of the head that he was considering this information.
"Do you know," he said at last,evidently unable to check the sad current of his thoughts,"that Anatole is costing me forty thousand rubles a year?And," he went on after a pause,"what will it be in five years,if he goes on like this?" Presently he added:"That's what we fathers have to put up with…Is this princess of yours rich?"
"Her father is very rich and stingy.He lives in the country.He is the well-known Prince Bolkonski who had to retire from the army under the late Emperor,and was nicknamed 'the King of Prussia.' He is very clever but eccentric,and a bore.The poor girl is very unhappy.She has a brother;I think you know him,he married Lise Meinen lately.He is an aide-de-camp ofKutuzov's and will be here tonight."
"Listen,dear Annette," said the prince,suddenly taking Anna Pavlovna's hand and for some reason drawing it downwards."Arrange that affair for me and I shall always be your most devoted slave-slafe with an f,as a village elder of mine writes in his reports.She is rich and of good family and that's all I want."
And with the familiarity and easy grace peculiar to him,he raised the maid of honor's hand to his lips,kissed it,and swung it to and fro as he lay back in his armchair,looking in another direction.
"Attendez," said Anna Pavlovna,reflecting,"I'll speak to Lise,young Bolkonski's wife,this very evening,and perhaps the thing can be arranged.It shall be on your family's behalf that I'll start my apprenticeship as old maid."CHAPTER II
Anna Pavlovna's drawing room was gradually filling.The highest Petersburg society was assembled there:people differing widely in age and character but alike in the social circle to which they belonged.Prince Vasili's daughter,the beautiful Helene,came to take her father to the ambassador's entertainment;she wore a ball dress and her badge as maid of honor.The youthful little Princess Bolkonskaya,known as la femme la plus seduisante de Petersbourg,was also there.She had been married during the previous winter,and being pregnant did not go to any large gatherings,but only to small receptions.Prince Vasili's son,Hippolyte,had comewith Mortemart,whom he introduced.The Abbe Morio and many others had also come.
To each new arrival Anna Pavlovna said,"You have not yet seen my aunt," or "You do not know my aunt?" and very gravely conducted him or her to a little old lady,wearing large bows of ribbon in her
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