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大学体验英语项目组《大学体验英语综合教程（3）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】试读：
Unit 1
一、词汇短语
Passage A
odd [Cd] adj. 奇(单)数的；古怪的；单只的；临时的；带零头的，余的【例句】I usually write odd notes in the back of diary. 我常在日记后面写些杂事。【词组】at odd 争执；奇数【助记】奇奇(odd)相加(add)为偶【派生】oddish adj. 有点怪的
oddly adv. 古怪地；奇妙地；单数地
atop [E5tCp] adv. 在顶上
prep. 在…的顶上
vice versa反之亦然
hum [hQm] v. 哼曲子；发嗡嗡声；忙碌
n. 嗡嗡声，吵杂声【例句】The avenue hummed with traffic. 大路上的车辆发出混杂的声音。【派生】humming adj. 发嗡嗡声的；精力旺盛的
weird [wiEd] adj. 怪异的；超自然的；神秘而可怕的【例句】He looks like nothing on earth in those weird clothes. 他穿著奇装异服难看极了。【助记】we(我们)＋ird(看作bird鸟)→如果我们都变成鸟该多么古怪啊→奇怪的。【派生】weirdness n. 命运；不可思议；离奇
maple [5meipl] n. [植]枫，枫木，淡棕色【例句】Maple leaves glowed red in the sunlight. 枫叶在阳光里闪耀着红光。
syrup [5sirEp] n. 糖浆，果汁【例句】Mother dosed the child up with cough syrup. 母亲让孩子按量服用止咳糖浆。
prairie [5prZEri] n. 大草原，牧场，<美方>林间小空地
indicator [5indikeitE] n. 指示者，指示器，指针；指示牌，(车辆的)方向指示装置【例句】Singapore is a decent leading indicator for the rest of the region.
对于亚洲其他地区，新加坡是一个不错的领先指标。【搭配】economic indicator 经济指标
performance indicator 绩效指标；业绩指标，成绩衡量指标
an indicator of …的指示器
sensitive [5sensitiv] adj. (to)敏感的，灵敏的；易受伤害的；感光的【例句】Don’t be so sensitive—I wasn’t criticizing you. 别这么敏感——我不是在批评你。【词组】be sensitive to对…敏感【助记】sens(感觉)＋i＋tive(形容词后缀)→敏感的
sober [5sEJbE(r)] adj. 镇定的，清醒的；认真的；适度的
v. 使清醒，使镇定；使严肃【例句】The atmosphere of tense expectancy sobered everyone. 这种紧张的期待气氛使每个人都严肃起来。【词组】sober up 清醒起来；使…清醒；使严肃起来【助记】sob(哭泣)＋er(表人的后缀)→哭过的人就清醒了【派生】sobering adj. 使清醒的；使冷静的；严重的
sobriety n. 清醒，冷静；节制；严肃
Passage B
modular [5mCdjulE] adj. [数][物]模的，有标准组件的
progressive [prE5^resiv] adj. 前进的；先进的，进步的；逐渐的【例句】This is a very progressive firm that uses the most modern systems. 这家公司采用最现代化的系统，非常先进。
stance [stAns] n. 姿态
assert [E5sE:t] v. 坚持；断言，声称；主张(权利、权威等)【例句】I have endeavored to assert nothing but what I had good authority for.
除了我确有把握的事情外，我不会断然地讲任何事情。【词组】assert oneself坚持己见【助记】as一再，sert参与-一再参与(讨论)-断言，主张【派生】assertive adj. 肯定的；独断的；坚定而自信的
assertion n. 断言，声明；主张，要求；坚持
petroleum [pi5trEuliEm] n. 石油【例句】Indonesia is abundant in petroleum deposits. 印尼的石油蕴藏量丰富。【助记】petro(石)＋leum→石油。谐音:皮抽脸。
sustain [sEs5tein] vt. 支撑，撑住；维持，持续；经受；忍耐【例句】The court sustained his claim that the contract was illegal. 法庭确认他的要求正当，宣布该合同不合法。【词组】sustain a family维持家计【助记】sus(从下边)＋tain(维持)→从下边维持→支撑【派生】sustainable adj. 可以忍受的；足可支撑的；养得起的
sustainability n. 持续性；永续性；能维持性
dimension [di5menFEn] n. [数]维；尺寸；次元；容积
vt. 标出尺寸
adj. 规格的【例句】Time is sometimes called the fourth dimension. 时间有时被称为第四度空间。【助记】di＋mens(测量)＋ion→测量→尺寸【派生】dimensional adj. 空间的；尺寸的
biosphere [5baiEsfiE] n. 生物圈
eliminate [i5limineit] v. 除去，删除，消除；淘汰；削减(人员)【例句】Let us eliminate all uncertain on thought. 让我们从思想上消除一切疑惑。【助记】e(出来)＋limi(限制)＋n＋ate(动词后缀)→排出到界限以外→淘汰。【派生】elimination n. 消除；淘汰；除去
belch [beltF] v. 打嗝，(火山、炮等)冒烟、喷出
n. 打嗝，喷射
smokestack [5smEJkstAk] n. 烟窗
gushing [5^QFiN] adj. 迸出的，涌出的，喷出的，过分热情的，易动感情的
effluent [5efluEnt] adj. 发出的，流出的
n. 流出物，排水道，污水，排水渠
tangible [5tAndVEbl] adj. 可触知的，实在的；确实的；【律】有形的
untenable [5Qn5tenEbl] adj. 防守不住的，站不住脚的，不能维持的，支持不住的
incur [in5kE:] v. 招致，承受，惹起【例句】We do not wish you to incur extra expenses. 我们不愿意让你额外破费。【助记】in进入，cur跑-使不受欢迎的事跑进来-招惹incur不受欢迎的事occur(vi. 发生；出现)。【派生】incurrence n. 招致；遭受
renewable [ri5nju(:)Ebl] adj. 可更新的，可恢复的
crystal [5kristl] n. 水晶，水晶饰品；结晶
adj. 水晶的；透明的【例句】She made her meaning crystal clear. 她把她的意思解释得清清楚楚。
dispel [dis5pel] vt. 驱散，驱逐，使消散
initiative [i5niFiEtiv] adj. 起始的，初步的，创始的
n. 进取心，首创精神，倡议；主动性，主动权【例句】He took the initiative in designing a recording study. 他开始了设计录音棚的初步行动。【词组】on one’s own initiative主动地
have/seize the initiative 掌握主动【派生】initial 开始的，最初的
legitimate [li5dVitimit] adj. 合法的；正当的，合理的；正统的
vt. 使合法；认为正当(等于legitimize)【例句】Politicians are legitimate targets for satire. 政治家理所当然是讽刺的靶子。【助记】leg(法律)＋i(我)＋ti(拼音：提)＋mate(伙伴)→法律上讲，我提到我的伙伴是合法的。【派生】legitimacy n. 合法；合理；正统
tumble [5tQmbl] n. 跌倒，摔跤，翻斤斗
v. (使)摔倒；打滚，翻腾；跌落【例句】The little boy tripped and tumbled down the stairs. 这个小男孩绊了一跤，从楼梯上滚了下来。【词组】tumble down 破败；半破坏
be all in a tumble一切都很混乱
take a tumble 恍然大悟【助记】谐音：“贪步”→贪步会跌倒。【派生】tumbling adj. 歪斜状的
validate [5vAlideit] v. (使)有效；(使)成立；确认，验证【例句】Do these results validate his theory? 这些结果证实了他的理论吗？【搭配】validate code验证码【派生】validation n. 确认；批准；生效【助记】由validate联想到：valid ( adj. 有根据的；生效的)；validity( n. 有效，合法)。
recession [ri5seFEn] n. 撤回，退回；退后，工商业之衰退，不景气，经济衰退【例句】In the recession，our firm went through a bad time. 我们公司在经济衰退时期历尽艰辛。【词组】economic recession 经济衰退【助记】recess(休假，休息)＋ion(名词后缀)经济休息期→不景气，来自recede ( v. 后退)。
trigger [5tri^E] n. (枪等的)扳机；引爆器，起爆弹；引起反应(或一连串事件)的行动
v. 开枪，触发【例句】The odor of food may be a trigger for salivation. 食物的香味可能引起流涎的反应。【词组】trigger sth. (off) 成为突然发生的(常为激烈的)反应的原因；发动；引发【助记】三个(tri)哥哥(gg)潇洒(trig)地扣动扳机(trigger)。
Culture Salon
extinct [iks5tiNkt] adj. 熄灭的；灭绝的
vt. 使熄灭【例句】The mammoth is extinct. 猛犸已经灭绝了。【助记】ex(向外)＋tin(罐)＋ct→煤气罐向外漏气→熄灭了的；【派生】extinction n. 消失；消灭；废止
habitat [5hAbitAt] n. (动植物的)栖息地；产地【例句】The polar region is the habitat of the polar bear. 北极地带为北极熊的栖息地。【助记】habit 穿衣，居住；habit习惯＋at在，最习惯呆的是栖息地，哪好也不如家好，因为家最习惯。
giant [5dVaiEnt] n. 巨人，庞然大物；伟人，天才
adj. 庞大的，巨大的【例句】Shakespeare is a giant among writers. 莎士比亚是一位文坛巨匠。
stimulate [5stimjuleit] v. 刺激，(使)兴奋；鼓励，鼓舞【例句】The intention of lowering interest rates is to stimulate the economy and develop industries.
降低利率的目的是为了刺激经济、发展工业。【词组】stimulate sb./sth (to sth.) 使某人[某事物]奋发起来；刺激、激励某人[某事物]【助记】st(大街上)＋i(爱)＋mu(密友)＋late(最近)→众目睽睽之下，大家都看着很刺激【派生】stimulative adj. 促进的；刺激的；激励的
二、课文精解
Dialogue Samples
1．To say nothing of beautiful Venice：更不必说美丽的威尼斯了。to say nothing of更不必说。例：He had to support his seven children，to say nothing of his wife and parents. 他要养活自己的七个孩子，更不必说还有妻子和父母了。
2．... tobacco has taken up the best food-growing areas，leading to food shortages：句中take up意为“占据(时间、地方)”。例：He had taken up a position in the centre of the room. 他占据了房间中心的位置。take up其他用法：①开始从事；开始处理。例：What led you to take up acting as a career? 是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？②接受，答应(提议或挑战)。例：Increasingly，more wine-makers are taking up the challenge of growing Pinot Noir. 越来越多的酿酒商开始接受种植黑皮诺葡萄的挑战。③继续；把…接着进行下去。例：“No，no，no，” says Damon，taking up where Dave left off. “不，不，不，”戴蒙说，然后从戴夫停下的地方接着说。
Passage A
1．I figured that he (and I say he，though I really don’t have a clue if she is a he or vice versa) would be more comfortable in the greenhouse：句中figure意为“认为”。与figure相关词组：①cuts a particular figure显出…的样子；显得。例：Today she cuts a lonely figure. 今天她看起来十分孤独。②figure on预料；料想。例：We did not figure on having so many people at the picnic. 我们没有料到会有这么多人参加野餐。③figure out想出；理解；弄清。例：I can't figure out what he was hinting at. 我想不出他在暗示什么。④that/it figures不奇怪；很正常；合乎情理。例：Work it out and you'll find it figures. 弄明白了你就会觉得这合情合理。vice versa反之亦然。例：He hated the other villagers，vice versa，the other villagers hated him. 他仇恨别的村民，反之亦然，别的村民也仇恨他。
2．After a while I got quite used to the fact that as I would check my morning email and online news，he would be there with me surveying the world：这句话的主干为：I got quite used to the fact that...。fact后为that引导的同位语从句，在同位语从句中又包含了一个连词as引导的时间状语从句。surveying the world在同位语从句中做伴随状语。after a while过了一段时间。be/get used to doing习惯…。used to，be used to doing用法：used to表示过去的习惯性动作过去如此，现在不再这样了，常译作“过去常常”。例：He used to play basketball when he was young.他年轻的时候常常打篮球。be used to do表示“被用来做某事”，这里是被动语态。例：Wood is often used to make desks and chairs. 木头常常被用来制作桌椅。be used to doing表示“习惯于”某一客观事实或状态，不强调动作，to是介词，后面接名词或动名词。
3．... I was suddenly overtaken by an urge to know why he was there and not in the greenhouse，where I figured he’d live a happier frog life：这句话是说作者突然有一股强烈的欲望想了解那只蛙：为什么它要呆在这儿而不乐意呆在花房里？因为作者在看来，对树蛙来说，花房显然要舒适得多。句中urge为名词，意为“强烈的欲望”；作动词时常见搭配为：urge sb. to do sth.敦促某人做某事。例：They urged parliament to approve plans for their reform programme. 他们敦促议会批准他们的改革方案。urge on推进；驱策。例：We should constantly urge ourselves on to study hard. 我们要经常鞭策自己努力学习。
4．As I looked at him，dead on，his eyes looked directly at me and I heard a tone：dead on完全正确地；十分精确地。例：I'm no fan of the Treasury Secretary，but in this case，he's dead on.我不是财政部长的粉丝，但在这种情况下，他完全正确。与dead有关的一些词组：①dead in the water败局已定的；不太可能成功的。例：A “no” vote would have left the treaty dead in the water. 一张否决票可能就会使这个条约胎死腹中。②be seen/caught dead死也(不会)，绝对(不会)(穿某种衣服、去某个地方或处于某种境地)。例：I wouldn't be seen dead in a straw hat. 我死也不会戴草帽。③in the dead of night/winter在夜晚万籁俱寂之时/在隆冬时。例：I couldn't fly illegally into a country in the dead of night. 我不能在深夜乘飞机非法进入一个国家。④dead and gone不在人世的；去世的。例：Often a genius is recognized only after he is dead and gone. 天才往往在离开人世之后才得到认可。⑤drop (down) dead突然死亡；猝死。例：He dropped dead on the quayside. 他猝死在码头区。
5．“Understand what?” my mind jumped in：这句话可英释为：“Understand what?” the question came into my mind.与jump相关词组：①jump at迫不及待地接受，欣然应承(建议或机会)。例：They will probably jump at the proposal.他们可能会立即接受这个建议。②jump on批评；责备；攻击。例：He will jump on every little mistake you make，no matter how trivial. 他对你的每一点差错都要斥责一番，不管是什么鸡毛蒜皮的事。③jump a queue插队。④jump out of one’s skin吓得魂飞魄散；大吃一惊。例：He nearly jumped out of his skin when he saw two rats. 他看到两只老鼠，几乎给吓丢了魂。
6．At that rate I knew that the maple trees that I love to tap each spring for syrup would not survive for my children：句子主干为：I knew the maple trees would not survive。maple trees后的that引导定语从句修饰maple trees。at this rate①按这样下去。例：At this rate，we shall soon be bankrupt. 照这样下去的话，我们很快就要破产了。②这样的话。例：At this rate，I’ll have to sack myself. Or at least give myself a written warning. 这样的话，我得把自己开除了，或者给自己一份书面警告。
7．It said that frogs were being found whose skin was like paper. All dried up：句中定语从句whose skin was like paper的先行词为frogs。dry up ①干涸。例：This causes groundwater levels to decline and rivers to dry up. 这导致了地下水水位下降，河流干涸。②住口。例：I wish you would dry up. I'm tired of hearing you. 希望你住口，我讨厌听你讲话。
8．We have reached the time when we must be the adults for the planet，for the sake of the future generations of humans and for frogs：for the sake of为…着想，为了。例：It’s the path China needs to take now，for the sake of its citizens and for the world. 中国现在需要走的就是这样一条路，既是为了国内民众，也是为了全世界。
Passage B
1．He was “known in environmental circles for his advanced and progressive stance on industrial ecology and sustainability”：stance on在…上的立场。例：So he defended China’s stance on the South China Sea. 所以，他维护了中国在南海问题上的立场。stance除了“态度，立场”之意，还表示“站姿”。例：The woman detective shifted her stance from one foot to another. 女侦探改变了站姿，把重心从一只脚移到另一只脚。
2．In1994 Interface set out on a mission “to be the first industrial company that，by its deeds，shows the entire industrial world what sustainability is，in all its dimensions: people，process，product，profit，and place”：句子的主干为：Interface set out on a mission，引号内that引导定语从句修饰company。set out ①开始。例：Ten explorers set out on their expedition. 十名探险家开始了他们的考察。②出发。例：The next day，we set out in spite of the rain. 第二天，尽管下雨我们还是出发了。③陈列。例：Evidences were set out in front of the jury. 证据被陈列在陪审团面前。
3．... in a quest that is half way to achieving waste-free perfection by 2020：half way半道上；在…的过程中。例：Before she was half way home ，however，she had changed her mind. 可到了半道上，她又改变了主意。
4．... provided tangible proof that business was good：句中provided不是过去分词，而是连词，意为“假如；倘若”。在口语中常用providing。例：I shall go provided that it doesn't rain. 假如不下雨我就去。Provided that与if的不同在于：provided that所表示的“如果”，含有希望该条件实现的含义。而if的使用比provided要广泛许多，几乎能用provided的地方都能用if。
5．Can taking a profitable business apart at the height of its success make business sense：take apart ①拆开。例：Back then，I could take apart and reassemble anything that could be printed. 换做以前，我可以将任何可以打印的东西拆开又重新组装起来。②剖析。例：The article take apart dividend policy and company governing theory. 本文对股利政策和公司治理理论进行了剖析。at the height of在…的顶峰或鼎盛时期。例：She quitted at the height of her fame and fortune. 她在名利双收的鼎盛时期隐退了。
6．It out-competes its competitors in the rough and tumble of the marketplace，but not at the expense of the Earth or future generations：out-compete胜过。前缀out-可以附在很多词前构成新词，常见的有一下三种形式：①out-加名词或形容词，有“超过”的意思。如：outwit智胜；outnumber在数量上超过。②out-加不及物动词，如：outlive比…活得长；outrun比…跑的更快、更远、更好。③有些动词常和out一起构成短语动词，若把out作为前缀附在该动词前，该动词则变为名词，但其意义和原短语动词基本相同。如：break out突然发生—outbreak暴发；come out出来，结果是—outcome结局。at the expense of以…为代价。例：This，however，comes at the expense of increased performance overhead. 然而，这是以增加的性能开销为代价的。同义的词组有：at the cost of，at the price of.
7．... until the entire system has been transformed into a sustainable one existing ethically in balance with Earth’s natural systems，upon which every living thing，even civilization itself，utterly depends：upon which引导定语从句，从句先行词为Earth’s natural systems。in balance with与…平衡；与…相当。例：These materials help keep the water in correct balance with the soil. 这些材料有助于保持水和土壤之间的正确平衡。transform ... into把…转换、改造为。例：To transform hills into fields is an extremely tough job. 改山造田可是硬碰硬的事。change，alter，convert，transform，turn均含有“变化，改变”之意，区别在于：change指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。alter常指轻微的改变，强调基本上保持原物、原状的情况下所进行的部分改变。convert指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。transform指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西。turn指外形、颜色、气味、性质等方面的变化，比change更通俗。
Culture Salon
1．The report on the giant panda’s condition is a case in point：in point相关的；恰当的；中肯的。例：The manufacture of television sets is a case in point. 电视机的制造就是一个很好的实例。point相关词组：①point out指出，说出(事实或错误)。例：We all too easily point out our mothers' failings. 我们都太过轻易地指出母亲的缺点。②up to a point有一点；在一定程度上。例：It worked up to a point. 它起了一定作用。③make/prove one’s point证明自己的论点。例：I think you've made your point. 我想你已证明你的观点了。④beside the point离题的；不相关的。例：Brian didn't like it，but that was beside the point. 布赖恩不喜欢它，但那并不重要。
2．The three maps show how the area of distribution of giant pandas has shrunk over time：shrink缩小，相关词组有：shrink away退缩；衰退。例：Being unhappy is like an infectious disease; it causes people to shrink away from the sufferer. 不快乐就像一种传染病，人们往往对不快乐的人退避三舍。shrink to nothing渐渐缩小到没有。condense，compress，contract，shrink均含“收缩，压缩”之意。区别：condense指将东西压缩得更紧密、紧凑，但不失去原有的内容。compress指把乱而不成形的东西压成一定形状。shrink侧重指因收缩而达不到原有的长度、体积或容积。
三、全文翻译
Passage A
蛙的故事
最近发生了几桩怪事儿。
我在北威斯康星州的树林中有一座小木屋。是我亲手搭建的，前面还有一间花房。住在里面相当惬意。实际上我是在户外做音频制作和环境方面的工作—作为干这一行的工具，我还装备了一间带电脑的工作室。
还有一只树蛙也在我的工作室中住了下来。
去年十一月，我第一次惊讶地发现他(只是这样称呼罢了，事实上我并不知道该称“他”还是“她”)坐在电脑的音箱上。我把他放到花房里去，认为他呆在那儿会更舒服一些。可他又跑回来呆在原地。很快我就习惯了有他做伴，清晨我上网查收邮件和阅读新闻的时候，他也在一旁关注这个世界。
可上周，我突然对这个爬上爬下的“小绿人或小灰人”产生了好奇心。
于是有一天，我正在工作室里干活，电脑嗡嗡作响。当树蛙从我面前爬过时，我不得不停止工作。他停下了并转过身来，坐在那儿看着我。好吧，我也干脆停下来望着他。五个月了，他一直这样陪着我。我突然有一股强烈的欲望想了解他：为什么他要呆在这儿而不乐意呆在花房里？我认为对树蛙来说，花房显然要舒适得多。“你为什么呆在这儿？”我情不自禁地问他。
我目不转睛地盯着他，他也直视着我。然后我听到一种叮咚声。这种声音似乎一下子就进入了我的大脑中枢，因为它和电脑里发出来的声音十分接近。在那个声音里我听到树蛙对我“说”：“因为我想让你明白”。唷，太不可思议了。“明白什么？”我脑海中突然跳出了这个问题。然后经过短暂的体验这种交流之后，我觉得我已经理解了树蛙待在这儿的原因。我开始理解树蛙只是想听到其他同类的叫声并并与之交流。或许他误以为计算机发出的声音就是其他树蛙在呼唤他。
真是有趣。
我继续工作。我正在写一个关于全球气候变化的故事。有个朋友刚好发过来一份传真，说地球的温度正以每十年1.9度的速度上升。我知道，照这种速度下去，每年春天我都爱去提取树浆的这片枫林，到我孩子的那一代就将不复存在。我的故乡美丽的威斯康星州也会在下一代变成一片草原。
此刻，树蛙从我脚背跳过去站在电脑前的地板上。然后他伸出手来从后面拢起左耳凝神倾听，接着他又站在电脑前伸出右手拢起另一支耳朵。他这样转动着脑袋，聆听那个声音，非常专心致志。他的皮肤起了微妙的变化，呈现出一种亮丽的绿色，然后他就用尽全力跳到电脑上。
我猛然想起去年在收音机里听到的一则关于青蛙的消息，说是全世界的青蛙正在死亡。消息说因为青蛙的皮肤就像是一个内里朝外的肺，所以正在受到污染和全球气候变化的影响。据说已经发现有些青蛙的皮肤已变得像纸一样干瘪。还说青蛙是一个"物种指示器"，由于对环境敏感，这个物种会先遭灭顶之灾。
这时我明白了。
青蛙向我们传递了一个信息。一些头脑清醒的人士也曾向我们传递过同样的信息，那就是"我们别无选择。"我们已经进入了关键时刻，为了人类的子孙后代，也为青蛙，我们必须对这个星球负起主人的责任。
因为我们休戚相关。
我还明白了我们之间没有界限，明白了时间的紧迫。
为了我们的亲人，我们必须马上行动起来。
于是我明白了这只青蛙此行的目的，也知道自己在这儿该做些什么。
Passage B
归零使命
雷·C·安德森(1934年7月28日—2011年8月8日)——是全球最大的商业和住宅用拼块式地毯制造商之一——英特飞有限公司的创始人和董事长。他因在“工业生态和可持续发展方面表现出的先进和发展的立场而闻名于环保界”。“如果有其存在，就必然有其可能，”落基山研究所智囊团的联合创始人和首席科学家艾默里·洛文斯如此断言道。他说的正是我的公司。我敢说，当十四年前我描述我的志向，要把英特飞公司变成它今天正在呈现的模样时，各位实业家同人都认为我的雄心壮志根本不可能实现。事实上，一个主要竞争对手的总裁当时就瞪着我说：“雷，你是一个梦想家。”然而，正如艾默里所说，“如果有其存在……”
今天存在的这个“不可能”是一家(在能源和原材料方面)高度依赖石油的地毯制造商，从1996年至今将温室气体净排放量减少了88%(以实打实的吨数计)，用水量减少了79%，而销售额却反而增加了三分之二，收益翻了一番。英特飞于1994年开始完成一项使命，力争“成为首家生态实业公司，通过自己的所作所为向整个实业界全方位地展现可持续性发展的理念：涵盖人员、生产过程、产品、利润、地点等各个方面。”我们对持续性发展的定义是：我们这家高度依赖石油的公司，坚持其运营只从地球获取可以自然而快速再生的资源，并且不对生态造成危害。
通过消除浪费，我们已经累计降低了3亿7千2百万美元的成本，正在向2020年力争达到零浪费的完美目标迈进。我们对浪费的定义是：凡是不能给客户带来价值的花费都是浪费。这一定义雄心勃勃地转化为行动理念：做任何事情都要一开始就做对，而且每次如此。我们甚至把依然取自化石燃料的能源也定义为浪费，并作为要消除的对象。通过减少浪费而获得的补偿确实起了关键性作用，有助于英特飞(其实也包括所有公司)达到可持续发展目标；如果我们不这样重新定义化石燃料能源，我们就不可能最终实现可持续发展的目标。听上去有些不可思议？请记住，“如果有其存在……”
的确，我们的烟囱烟雾腾腾，我们的管道污水喷涌，我们的废料堆积如山——所有这一切都完全合法——这是我们生意兴隆的确凿证据。这就说明有业可就，订单滚滚而来，产品源源出厂，以及利润存入银行。
所有这一切都因消费者提的一个问题而改变：“英特飞对环境有何贡献？”这个问题我们以前闻所未闻，更无法交出满意的答案。对于一个善待消费者的公司而言，这是难以交代的。为寻求答案，还有决意给消费者提供一个可信、可见和可考量的结果并承担明晰的责任，我们踏上了征途。
将一个处于鼎盛时期的赢利企业拆卸分解，从商业的角度看合理吗？仅消除浪费这一项行动，以及13年来因此而节约下来的3亿7千2百万美元的成本，不仅抵消而且超出了我们在追求持续发展目标方面的投资和花费总额。我们现在将此目标命名为“归零使命”：到2020年实现对环境的零影响。“归零使命”使这个可持续性发展的实业案例得以发展，并变得清澈透明。成本下降了，并非上升了，一个虚构的理念就此打破，让我们看到在环境和经济之间并非必然就是择此伤彼的虚假选择。
令人惊讶的是，这一创举产生了一个更好的商业模式，找到了一个可获取更大利润，并且收入更加合法的更好的途径。这种模式在激烈残酷的市场竞争中击败了它的所有对手，却并不以伤害地球或后代的利益为代价。相反，这种模式将地球和尚未出生的后代纳入一种三赢的关系。作为证明，英特飞的股价四年内从2美元攀升至20美元，公司也从产业史上影响最深、持续最久的经济衰退中脱险而出。如果没有可持续性发展的极大推动，我们也许无法在这场经济衰退中存活下来。
但是，怎样从全局来看呢？英特飞的历程能给我们带来什么启迪？一个可持续发展的社会要想久远维系，就需要全方位地、彻头彻尾地对工业体系进行庞大的、由道德驱动的重新设计，这要由同样庞大的思想认识转变来启动，即一次改变一个想法、一个机构、一项技术、一座建筑、一家公司、一所大学的课程、一个社区、一个地区、一个行业，直到整个体系转变成为一个可持续发展的，在道德准则上能与地球生态系统和谐相处的体系，这才是所有的生物，乃至文明本身完全赖以生存的基础。
即使一个人，你本人，也能在你的机构中发挥作用。关键是：行动起来先做一件事，接着再做另一件。
四、练习答案
Lead-in
1．human beings
2．powered
3．greenhouse
4．far away
5．make a difference
6．breathe in
7．decreasing performance
8．four inches high
9．campaign
10．encourage
Communicative Task
Task 2
A: You know，Mrs. Brady，I've been meaning to ask you something …
B: Yes，dear，what's that?
A: Well，why do you always keep the air-conditioning running?
B: Why，would you rather swelter in the heat?
A: Well，it's not that. It's true that sometimes it's really hot outside and then I'm quite happy not to suffer，but it seems to me that the air-conditioning has become a habit and you keep it on even on the days when it isn't so hot.
B: We like to have a constant temperature in the house，you know.
A: But it means there's always an artificial atmosphere，and never any fresh air. Why do you keep it on cooler days rather than turning it off and opening the windows? You could reduce your power bill by quite a lot too.
B: Are you trying to save me money? Am I charging you too much rent?
A: Oh no，it's not that. But we were talking in class the other day about being environmentally conscious and I was thinking that not only is the air conditioning bad for the environment，it's bad for our health AND it's expensive…
B: Well，you may be right. It's just part of our lifestyle，you know. I'll tell you what. Why don't we talk about this with the others over dinner tonight and see what they think?
A: Ok，Mrs. Brady，that will be interesting. Thank you.
Passage A
Think About It
1．Man and animals are related as they live in the same environment. Everything is a part of one interconnected，interrelated whole. Modern society has greatly influenced the ecological environment; consequently many species have been extinct.
2．The frog stayed in the author’s studio for a long time.
3．Open.
3．Find out more supporting details in the passage for the following statements，especially the underlined parts.
1．A tree frog has taken up residence in my studio.
The frog stopped and turned around and just sat there looking at me.
2．Possibly the tone of my computer sounded to him like other tree frogs.
3．Frogs were dying around the world.
Frogs were being found whose skin was like paper and all dried up.
Frogs are an “indicator species”
4．The frogs have a message for us.
We have no more choices and we have reached the time.
There are no boundaries，and there is no more time. So we must act now.
4．Fill each of the blanks with an appropriate word.
greenhouse
residence
communicate
weird
humming
message
sensitivity
indicator
Languages Focus
Read and complete
5．Pair each word in the left column with a word associated in meaning in the right column，and then make a sentence with the paired words.
6．Fill the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.
1．subtle
2．were overtaken
3．species
4．decades
5．boundaries
6．audio
7．directly
8．focus
9．tone
10．cupped
7．Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.
1．at that rate
2．For the sake of
3．come to
4．by hand
5．vice versa
8．Translate the following sentences into English.
1．Young people sometimes complain of not being able to communicate with their parents.
2．Ever since childhood，Mary has been longing to take up residence in a Chinese village in Yunnan for a few years. Now her dream come true.
3．Domestic animals are used to depending on humans，so it is difficult for them to survive in the wild.
4．He was suddenly overtaken by a fear that he would be laid off by the company because of depression.
5．I figure there must be a traffic jam in the bus route，now that I didn’t see a bus passing by while I waited for 30 minutes.
9．Read and compare the English sentences，paying attention to the italicized parts and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences.
1．In spite of trade frictions，the US cannot do without China or vice versa.
2．If you find yourself working without efficiency，you’d better relax for a while.
3．The speaker glanced around the audience this way and that before he started speaking.
4．My father’s opinion on my job change sounded to me like a warning.
5．The labor union agreed to give up a pay increase for the sake of more job opportunities.
11．Read the sample below and write a short passage (100—120 words) to describe the urgent situation of an endangered species and call for help.
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]