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四川大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2010年四川大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
I. Vocabulary and grammar (30’)
Multiple choice
Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
1. Tom is the most ______ pupil in the class.
A. industrious
B. indulgent
C. industrialist
D. industrial【答案】A【解析】句意：Tom是班里最用功的学生。industrious勤勉的，勤奋的。indulgent放纵的；溺爱的。industrialist工业家，实业家。industrial工业的；产业的。
2. The mayor of the city is a ______ old man.
A. respective
B. respectful
C. respecting
D. respectable【答案】D【解析】句意：市长是一位令人尊重的老者。respectable可敬的；有名望的。respective各自的。respectful有礼貌的；尊重人的。respecting是respect的现在分词形式。
3. I believe reserves of coal here are ______ to last for fifty years.
A. efficient
B. sufficient
C. proficient
D. effective【答案】B【解析】句意：我认为这里的煤资源足够使用50年。sufficient充足的，充分的。efficient效率高的；有能力的。proficient熟练的；精通的。
4. Mr. Smith complained about the ______ air-conditioner he had bought from the company.
A. infectious
B. deficient
C. ineffective
D. defective【答案】D【解析】句意：史密斯先生抱怨他从公司买的空调有问题。defective有缺陷的，有瑕疵的。infectious传染的；有感染力的。deficient不足的，缺乏的。ineffective无效的，不起作用的。
5. All the students were excited at the ______ of a weekend sports competition.
A. opinion
B. view
C. thought
D. idea【答案】C【解析】句意：所有学生一想到周末的运动竞赛都感到很兴奋。at the thought of固定搭配，一想到……。at the view of看到……的景象。at the idea of有……的想法。
6. The traveler’s passport established his ______.
A. proof
B. evidence
C. identity
D. case【答案】C【解析】句意：游客的护照表明他的身份。identity身份。proof证据，用于证明某件事是真实的。evidence多用于指法律方面的“证据”。case情况；案例。
7. When we credit the successful people with intelligence, physical strength or great luck, we are making excuses for ourselves because we fall ______ in all three.
A. rare
B. short
C. lacking
D. scarce【答案】C【解析】句意：我们在坚信成功人士拥有智慧、体能和好运的同时，也是在为自己开脱，认为自己缺少以上三者。fall (be) lacking in固定搭配，意为“缺少”。rare稀少。be short of缺少，be short for……的简称。be scarce for匮乏，缺乏。
8. My sister is quite ______ and plans to get an M A. degree within one year.
A. aggressive
B. enthusiastic
C. considerate
D. ambitious【答案】D【解析】句意：我的姐姐雄心勃勃，她准备在一年内拿到艺术文化类的硕士学位。ambitious雄心勃勃的，有野心的。aggressive有进取心的；侵略的，好斗的。enthusiastic热情的。considerate体贴的；考虑周到的。
9. The twins are so much ______ that it is difficult to tell one from the other.
A. similar
B. same
C. like
D. alike【答案】D【解析】句意：这对双胞胎长的太像了，很难区分开。alike相似的。similar同alike意思相同，但similar一般不用来修饰人。same一样的。like介词，意为“像……一样”。
10. His eyes were injured in a traffic accident, but after a ______ operation, he quickly recovered his sight.
A. considerate
B. delicate
C. precise
D. sensitive【答案】A【解析】句意：他的眼睛在一次交通事故中受伤了，不过通过悉心的手术治疗，他很快恢复了视力。considerate体贴的，悉心的。delicate精密的；精美的。precise精确地，严密的。sensitive敏感的；善解人意的。
11. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ______ best in its climate and soil.
A. it grown
B. does it grown
C. what grows
D. what does it grow【答案】C【解析】句意：一个国家的主要食物种类取决于哪些作物最适合这个国家的气候和土壤。这里需要用what引导宾语从句，排除A，B，宾语从句应用陈述语序，排除D，故选C。
12. The fragrances of many natural substances come from oils, ______ these oils may be used in manufacturing perfumes.
A. of
B. whether
C. from
D. and【答案】D【解析】句意：许多天然有机物的香味源自其中的油脂，这些油脂可以用来生产香水。两个分句都不缺成分，所以没有主从之分，是两个并列的句子，应用连词连接。A，B，C都是介词，故选D，这里and表示递进关系。
13. If only our team ______ one more point!
A. scores
B. had scored
C. scored
D. have scored【答案】B【解析】句意：要是我们球队多进一球就好了。这里考查虚拟语气，对过去事件的虚拟结构如下：sb./sth. would/ could/ should have done sth., if sth./sb. had(not) done sth.，从句应该用过去完成时，故选B。
14. ______, he could not lift the weight.
A. Strong while he was
B. However strong as he was
C. Strong as he was
D. Strong although he was【答案】C【解析】句意：尽管他很强壮，还是不能举起这样的重量。本题考查让步状语从句，while、however、as、though都可以引导让步状语从句，但是只有as引导是从句可以倒装，结构是“形容词/副词+as+主语+谓语动词”，故排除A，D。B项中however与as重复，应该去掉一个。故选C。
15. Tom is one of the top students who ______ by the headmaster.
A. have been praised
B. has been praised
C. have praised
D. are praised【答案】A【解析】句意：Tom是受到校长表扬的优秀学生之一。who引导的定语从句先行词为the top students，所以从句中谓语用复数形式，排除B，D。根据句意，学生是被表扬的，故用被动语态，选A。
16. You could do it, if you ______ try hard enough.
A. might
B. should
C. could
D. would【答案】B【解析】句意：只要你足够努力就能够成功。本题考查虚拟语气，对将来情况的虚拟，表达方式为If sb. should do ..., sb. would/could do ...假如某人将……，某人将……。故选B。
17. The chairman requested that ______.
A. the members studies the problem more carefully
B. the problem would be more carefully studied
C. the members had studied the problem with more care
D. the problem be studied with more care【答案】D【解析】句意：主席要求更加仔细地研究这个问题。固定用法，表示“要求”“命令”等意思的词引导的宾语从句，其谓语动词要保持原形，故选D。
18. George would certainly have attended the proceedings ______.
A. if he didn’t get a flat tire
B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened
C. had he not had a flat tire
D. had the tire not flattened itself【答案】C【解析】句意：假如乔治的轮胎没有漏气，他肯定会出席仪式。本题考查虚拟语气，对过去情况的虚拟结构如下：sb./sth. would/could/should have done sth., if sth./sb. had(not) done sth.，其中可以将had提前，其他语序不变，构成倒装句。A项时态不对。“轮胎漏气”的表达方式为“have/get a flat tire”，故选C。
19. I would appreciate ______ it a secret.
A. you to keep
B. that you would keep
C. your keeping
D. that you are keeping【答案】C【解析】句意：如果你替我保密的话，我将非常感激你。“appreciate doing sth.”为固定搭配，排除A。中间可以加名词主格或者宾格构成独立主格结构，补充说明“doing”动作的发出者，C项正确。appreciate后也可跟that引导的宾语从句，但时态应与主句保持一致，用一般过去时，故B，D项错误。
20. We ______ the letter yesterday, but it didn’t arrive.
A. must receive
B. must have received
C. ought to receive
D. ought to have received【答案】D【解析】句意：我们本应该昨天就收到信，却没有来。ought to have received本应该……却没有……，符合句意。must have received表示对过去的肯定猜测。
Ⅱ. Reading comprehension (40’)
Section 1 Multiple choice (20’)
Directions: In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.
Passage A
This year some twenty-three hundred teen-agers from all over the world will spend about ten months in U.S. homes. They will attend U.S. schools, meet U.S. teen-agers, and form lifelong impressions of the real America. At the same time, about thirteen hundred American teen-agers will go abroad to learn new languages and gain a new understanding of world problems. On returning home they, like others who have participated in the exchange program, will pass along their fresh impression to the youth groups in which they are active.
What have the visiting students discovered? A German boy says, “We often think of America only in terms of skyscrapers. Cadillacs, and gangsters. Americans think of Germany only in terms of Hitler and concentration camps. You can’t realize how wrong you are until you see for yourself.”
A Los Angeles girl says, “It’s the leaders of the countries who are unable to get along. The people get along just fine.”
Observe a two-way student exchange in action. Fred Herschbach, nineteen, spent last year in Germany at the home of George Pfafflin. In turn, Mr. Pfafflin’s son Michael spent a year in the Herschbach home in Texas.
Fred, lanky and lively, knew little German when he arrived, but after two months’ study the language began to come to him. School was totally different from what he had expected—much more formal, much harder. Students rose respectfully when the teacher entered the room. They took fourteen subjects instead of the six that are usual in the United States. There were almost no outside activities.
Family life, too, was different. The father’s word was law, and all activities revolved around the closely knit family unit rather than the individual. Fred found the food—mostly starches—monotonous at first. Also, he missed having a car.“At home, you pick up some kids in a car and go out and haven good time. In Germany, you walk, but you soon get used to it.”
A warm-natured boy, Fred began to make friends as soon as he had mastered enough German to communicate. “I didn’t feel as if I were with foreigners. I felt as I did at home with my own people.” Eventually he was invited to stay at the homes of friends in many of Germany’s major cities. “One’s viewpoint is broadened,” he says, “by living with people who have different habits and backgrounds. You come to appreciate their points of view and realize that it is possible for all people in the world to come closer together. I wouldn’t trade this year for anything.”
Meanwhile, in Texas, Mike Pfafflin, a friendly German boy, was also forming independent opinions. “I suppose I should criticize the schools,” he says. “It was far too easy by our standards. But I have to admit that I liked it enormously In Germany we do nothing but study. I think that maybe your schools are better training for citizenship. There ought to be some middle ground between the two.” He took part in many outside activities, including the dramatic group.
Mike picked up a favorite adjective of American youth; southern fried chicken was “fabulous,” When expressing a regional point of view, he used the phrase “we Texans.” Summing up his year, he says with feeling, “America is a second home for me from now on. I will love it the rest of my life.”
This exciting exchange program was government sponsored at first; now it is in the hands of private agencies, including the American Field Service and the International Christian Youth Exchange. Screening committees make a careful check on exchange students and host homes. To qualify, students must be intelligent, adaptable, outgoing-potential leaders. Each student is matched, as closely as possible, with a young person in another country whose family has the same economic, cultural, and religious background.
After their years abroad, all students gather to discuss who, they observed. For visiting students to accept and approve of all they saw would be a defeat for the exchange program. They are supposed to observe evaluate, and come to fair conclusions. Nearly all who visited the United States agreed that they had gained faith in American ideals and deep respect for the U.S brand of democracy. All had made friendship that they were sure would last a life-time. Almost all were struck by the freedom demitted American youth. Many were critical, though, of the indifference to study in American schools, and of Americans’ lack of knowledge about other countries.
The opinions of Americans abroad were just as vigorous. A U.S. girl in Vienna: “At home, all we talk about is dating, movies, and clothes. Here we talk about religion, philosophy, and political problems. I am going to miss that.”
A U.S boy in Sweden: “I learned to sit at home, read a good book, and gain some knowledge. It I told them this back home, they would think I was a square.”
An American girl in Stuttgart, however, was very critical of the German school. “Over here the teacher is king, and you are somewhere far below. Instead of being friend and counselor, as in America the teacher is regarded as a foe—and behaves like it too!”
It costs a sponsoring group about a thousand dollars to give an exchange student a year in the United States. Transportation is the major expense, for bed, board, and pocket money are provided by volunteer families. There is also a small amount of federal support for the program.
For some time now, attempts have been made to include students from iron curtain countries. But so far the Communists have not allowed their young people to take part in this program which could open their eyes to a different world.
In Europe, however, about ten students apply for every place available, in Japan, the ratio is fifty to one. The student exchange program is helping these eager younger citizens of tomorrow learn a lot about the world today.
1. Exchange students are generally placed in homes that are ______.
A. very similar to their own homes
B. typical of homes in the land they are visiting
C. as different from their own home as is possible
D. None of the above
2. The greatest value of the program is that each visiting student ______.
A. has a chance to travel in foreign countries
B. shares what he learned with others
C. learns a new language
D. gains a new understanding of world problems
3. Fred Herschbach and Mike Pfafflin agreed that ______.
A. Americans are friendlier than Germans
B. German food is more monotonous than American foods
C. German schools are harder than American schools
D. the teacher in German is king
4. The major expense that a group sponsoring an exchange student must meet is ______.
A. bed and board
B. pocket money and incidentals
C. transportation
D. transportation, bed board and pocket money
5. It is reasonable to suppose that the author wishes that ______.
A. American schools provided fewer outside activities
B. more money were available to finance the exchange program
C. the program were government sponsored
D. visiting foreign students will completely accept the culture of America【答案与解析】
1. A 句意：交换学生通常被安置在与自己家庭情况相似的外国家庭中。文章第十一段最后一句提到“Each student is matched, as closely as possible, with a young person in another country whose family has the same economic, cultural, and religious background.”意思是每个同学与和自己家庭文化背景最相近的外国同学配对，然后互换家庭，所以选A。
2. D 句意：交换项目的最大价值在于每个交换生对世界问题有了新的认识。第十二段第三句提到“They are supposed to observe evaluate, and come to fair conclusions.”意思是学生应该通过交换项目学会自己观察、评价国外遇到的现象并得出自己对其的看法和结论，故选D。
3. C 句意：Fred Herschbach和Mike Pfafflin一致认为，德国学校比美国学校更为严格。第五段第二句指出“School was totally different from what he had expected—much more formal, much harder.”可以得出Fred认为德国学校更正式和严格，第九段第二句中，Mike评论“It was far too easy by our standards”，意思是按照德国的标准来讲，美国的学校太宽松了。因此答案为C。
4. C 句意：进行交换生项目的组织必须为每位交换生提供的主要开支是交通费用。倒数第三段第二、三句指出，这些组织需要支付的主要开支为交通费，食宿和零用钱由各家庭志愿提供，故选C。
5. B 句意：以下说法比较合理的一项是，作者希望交换项目可以得到更多资金支持。倒数第三段中，作者指出，负责交换项目的组织需要为每位学生提供一千美元的资金支持，食宿费由各家庭支付，政府只提供一少部分资金支持，而这导致最后一段中描述的很多学生争抢一个交换名额的情况，由此可以推断，作者希望能有更多的资金支持交换项目，从而使更年轻人从项目中受益。
Passage B“How many copies do you want printed, Mr. Greeley?”“Five thousand!” The answer was snapped back without hesitation.“But, sir,” the press foreman protested, “we have subscriptions for only five hundred newspapers.”“We’ll sell them or give them away.”
The presses started rolling, sending a thundering noise out over the sleeping streets of New York City. The New York Tribune was born.
The newspaper’s founder, owner, and editor, Horace Greeley, anxiously snatched the first copy as it came sliding off the press. This was his dream of many years that he held in his hand. It was as precious as a child. Its birth was the result of years of poverty, hard work, and disappointments.
Hard luck and misfortune had followed Horace all his life. He was born of poor parents on February 3, 1811, on a small farm in New Hampshire. During his early childhood, the Greeley family rarely had enough to eat. They moved from one farm to another because they could not pay their debts. Young Horace’s only boyhood fun was reading—when he could snatch a few moments during a long working day.“The printed word always fascinated Horace. When he was only ten years old, he applied for a job as an apprentice in a printing shop. But he didn’t get the job because he was too young.
Four years later, Horace walked eleven miles to East Poultney in Vermont to answer an ad. A paper called the Northern Spectator had a job for a boy. The editor asked him why he wanted to boa printer, Horace spoke up boldly: “Because, sir, I want to learn all I can about newspapers.”
The editor looked at the oddly dressed boy. Finally he said, “You’ve got the job, son.”
For the first six months, room and board would be the only pay for his work. After that, he would get room and board and forty dollars a year.
Horace hurried home to shout the good news to his family. When he got there, he learned that his family was about to move again—this time to Pennsylvania. Horace decided to stay and work. Mrs. Greeley hated leaving her son behind, but gave her consent. Twice during his apprenticeship Horace walked six hundred miles to visit his family. Each time, he took all the money he had saved and gave it to his father.
The Spectator failed after Horace had spent four years working for it. He joined his family in Erie, Pennsylvania, and got a job on the Erie Gazette. Half the money he earned he gave to his family. The other half he saved to go to New York.
When he was twenty, Horace arrived in New York with ten dollars in his pocket. He was turned down twice when he asked for a job. Finally he became a typesetter for John T West’s Printery. The only reason Horace got the job was that it was so difficult other printers wouldn’t take it. His job was to set a very small edition of the Bible. Horace almost ruined his eyes at that job.
As young Greeley’s skill grew, better jobs came his way. He could have bought better clothes and moved out of his dingy room. But he was used to being poor, and his habits did not change He spent practically nothing on himself. Even after his Tribune became a success, he lived as if he hadn’t enough money for his next meal.
The Tribune grew and thrived. It was unlike any newspaper ever printed before in the United States. Greeley started a new type of journalism. His news stories were truthful and accurate His editorials attacked as well as praised. Many people disagreed with what he wrote, but still they read it. The Tribune became America’s first nationwide newspaper. It was read as eagerly in the Midwest and Far West as it was in the East. Greeley’s thundering editorials became the most powerful voice in the land.
Greeley and his Tribune fought for many causes. He was the first to come out for the right of women to vote. His Tribune was the leader in demanding protection for homesteads in the West. He aroused the north in the fight against slavery. During a depression in the East, jobless men asked what they could do to support themselves. Said Greeley: “Go West, young man, go West!”
As the Tribune gained more power, Greeley became more interested in politics He led in forming and naming the Republican Party. He, more than any other man, was responsible for Abraham Lincoln’s being named to run for President.
Horace Greeley was first of all a successful newspaperman. He was also a powerful political leader. But he was not a popular man. In 1872 he ran for President against Ulysses S Grant. Grant was re-elected by an overwhelming margin.
Greeley was then in deep mourning over the recent death of his wife. He was heart-broken over losing the election. He never recovered from the double blow only weeks after his defeat, he died in New York City. His beloved Tribune lived on after him as the monument he wanted. Just before died, he wrote:“I cherish the hope that the journal I projected and established will live and flourish long after I shall have mouldered into forgotten dust, and that the stone that covers my ashes may bear to future eyes the still intelligible inscription, Founder of the New York Tribune.”
6. Horace gladly accepted his first job ______.
A. because of the kind of work it was
B. because of the high salary offered
C. because of the location of the office
D. became he couldn’t find any other job
7. When Horace founded the Tribune he was ______.
A. already a rich and famous newspaperman
B. poor, but skilled in newspaper work
C. poor, but eager to learn newspaper work
D. rich and skilled in newspaper work
8. The Tribune was different from all other American papers because it was ______.
A. available by subscription only
B. printed in New York city
C. distributed throughout the nation
D. it offered the editor’s personal opinions only
9. Before the Tribune was founded, news reporting was ______.
A. honest but uninteresting
B. distorted or dishonest
C. almost unknown
D. interesting but distorted
10. Greeley probably felt that his greatest accomplishment was ______.
A. rising from poverty to wealth
B. becoming a popular political leader
C. founding the New York Tribune
D. All of the above【答案与解析】
6. A 句意：Horace很高兴地接受第一份工作的原因是这正是他想要的工作。文章第九段最后一句，当Horace被问及为什么想做这份工作时，他回答“I want to learn all I can about newspapers”，说明这份工作正是他想要的，故选A。文章第十一段说明这份工作开始仅提供食宿，排除B。第十二段中提到Horace的家要搬到Pennsylvania，而这份工作是在Vermont（第九段第一句），有600英里之远，排除C项。D项在文中没有提到。
7. D 句意：Horace创办《论坛报》的时候已经很富有，并且熟悉报纸行业的各项技能。文章第十五段开头提到，随着Greeley的技艺越来越好，他开始有好的工作机会，能够购置好的衣服并搬出昏暗的房子，由此可以得出Greeley当时技能纯熟，也很富有，排除B，C项，D项符合原文意思。Greeley变得出名发生在其创办《论坛报》之后，A项错误。
8. C 句意：《论坛报》同美国其他报纸的不同之处在于它在全国范围内发行。倒数第六段第二句开始描述了《论坛报》与美国其他报纸的不同之处。倒数第三句“The Tribune became America’s first nationwide newspaper.”，说明《论坛报》是第一份全国性的报纸，即当时唯一在全国发行的报纸，故选C。
9. B 句意：《论坛报》成立之前，新闻报道是歪曲的或者不真实的。倒数第六段第三、四“Greeley started a new type of journalism.
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]