作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
2019年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）题库【历年真题＋章节题库＋模拟试题】试读：
第一部分 历年真题
2016年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B级真题及详解
第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个最接近的选项。
第2部分：阅读判断 （第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
The Theory of Everything
If Stephen Hawking lives until the year 2017, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than his doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discovered that he had a rare disease. This disease causes a gradual disintegration (分解) of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulate voluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurs within two or three years.
Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak. He cannot move his arms or his head. He cannot taste or smell anything. And yet this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a position held by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669.
Hawking is often described as the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein, but to the world outside science, he is also known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. His book, A Brief History of Time, has sold over eight million copies.
He says that since he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about, such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his time to thinking. This puts him in the perfect position to find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. His question is: Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it?
Despite his tremendous physical disabilities, he has already made some very important discoveries about the origin of the universe, how the universe holds together, and how it will probably end. He has also been able to explain the secrets of “black holes” in space. Now he is looking for a set of rules that everything in our universe must obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything. He thinks that someone will have found the answer within the next 20 years.
If Stephen Hawking is able to find his Theory of Everything, he will have given the world the opportunity to understand things that will change the whole nature of science and probably also the way we live.
16. Stephen Hawking will be 50 years old by 2017.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. Stephen Hawking suffers from a rare brain disease.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Stephen Hawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. A Brief History of Time is very difficult for students to understand.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. Stephen Hawking has much time to think because he doesn’t have to work.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. Stephen Hawking has spent around ten years explaining the secrets of “black holes”.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. The Theory of Everything is about the rules that everything in the universe follows.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned【答案与解析】
16.B 定位：根据关键词50 years和2017可定位至文章第一段第一句。 点睛：原文第一段第一句明确提到“he will have lived more than 50 years longer than his doctors expected”（他将比医生预测的时间多活了50年）。由此可知，霍金并不是在2017年才50岁，因此本题说法是错误的。故选B项。
17.A 定位：根据关键词rare disease可定位至文章第一段第二、三句。
点睛：原文第一段第三句明确提到“This disease causes a gradual disintegration (分解) of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulate voluntary muscle activity.”（该疾病导致调节肌肉自主活动的脑细胞内部的神经细胞逐渐分解）。由此可知本题说法是正确的，故本题选A。
18.A 定位：根据关键词“Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University”可定位至文章第二段最后一句。
点睛：原文第二段最后一句明确提到“this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University”（他是剑桥大学数学教授）。由此可知本题说法是正确的，故本题选A。
19.B 定位：根据关键词“A Brief History of Time”可定位至文章第三段。
点睛：原文第三段明确提到“he is also known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. His book, A Brief History of Time, has sold over eight million copies.”（他因为能将科学理论阐述的通俗易懂而为人们所知。他的书，《时间简史》已售出超过八百万复印本）。因此本题说法是错误的。故选B项。
20.A 定位：根据关键词think和work可定位至文章第四段第一句。
点睛：原文第四段第一句明确提到“he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about, such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his time to thinking.”（他不用考虑自己的身体或者像其他人一样做任何需要担忧的事，如洗车或者在院子里劳动，他可以将所有的时间都花在思考上）。由此可知本题说法是正确的，故本题选A。
21.C 点睛：文中并未提到他花了十年时间解释“黑洞”理论，故选C项。
22.A 定位：根据关键词“The Theory of Everything”可定位至文章第五段第三四句。
点睛：原文第五段第三四句明确提到“he is looking for a set of rules that everything in our universe must obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything.”（他正在寻找一套宇宙上所有事物都必须遵循的规则，他称之为万物理论）。由此可知本题说法是正确的，故本题选A。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题：（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Geothermal (地热) Energy
1. Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth’s center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma (岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth’s surface. It often remains well below the earth’s surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth’s surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable (不可渗透的) rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.
2. A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-steam reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.
3. Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either “flash” steam plants or binary (双重的) plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300°to 700°Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it “flashes” or boils into steam. Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.
4. A reservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in a binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.
23.Paragraph 1 _____.
24.Paragraph 2 _____.
25.Paragraph 3 _____.
26.Paragraph 4 _____.
27. A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under _____.
28. A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with _____.
29. Flash plants produce hot water through _____.
30. In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into _____.【答案与解析】
23.C 本段主要介绍地热能的产生过程，是由雨水流到地下，遇地热变成热水无法喷出而形成的。C项“地热能的起源”与本段意思相符，故选C项。
24.A 本段主要介绍利用干蒸汽发电的工厂。A项“干蒸汽发电厂”与本段意思相符，故选A项。
25.E 本段主要介绍注水蒸汽发电站，现今最常见的就是注水发电和双循环发电。E项“注水蒸汽发电站”与本段意思相符，故选E项。
26.B 本段主要介绍低于300华氏度的水库如何通过双循环发电站来发电。B项“双循环发电站”能很好地概括本段内容，故选B项。
27.B 定位：根据关键词trapped可定位至第一段倒数第三句。 点睛：文章第一段倒数第三句提到，如果向上的热水碰到不可渗透的岩石，就会被困住，形成地热水库。B项impermeable rock“不可渗透的岩石”与该句意思相符，故选B项。
28.E 定位：根据题干定位至第二段第一句。
点睛：文章第二段第一句提到，干蒸汽水库产生的水量很少甚至没有。E项little or no water“很少或没有水”与该句意思相符，故选E项。
29.C 定位：根据题干定位至第三段第三句。 点睛：文章第三段第三句提到，产生的水会通过一到两个分离器。C项one or two separators“一到两个分离器”与该句意思相符，故选C项。
30.A 定位：根据关键词binary可定位至第四段第一二句话。 点睛：文章第四段第一句提到，温度不够的水可以用在双循环液体中，第二句话提到，这样产生的蒸汽可以推动涡轮。A项the energy to turn a turbine“推动涡轮的能量”与该句意思相符，故选A项。
第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Smart Windows
Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between easily.
“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “It’s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.
Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it’s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing cold air, which can feel so refreshing (使人清新的), actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing (用玻璃覆盖), and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use some chromogenic (发色的) technologies which involve changes of color.
Electrochromic (电致色的) windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of tungsten oxide (氧化钨) works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage (电压) is decreased, the window darkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory”. All it takes is a small shock of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer be needed. “In the future,” Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.”
31. Which of the following values of windows is NOT mentioned?
A. They let light in to brighten the house.
B. They let light in to heat the house.
C. They let us have visual contact with the surrounding world.
D. They let us think about the outside world.
32. The expression “when it comes to” in Paragraph 3 is used to _____.
A. signal the arrival of a guest
B. indicate the recovery of consciousness
C. show our understanding of something
D. introduce a new aspect of a topic
33. According to Paragraph 4, smart windows are the windows that _____.
A. are coated
B. are glazed
C. have several layers
D. can change color
34. Which paragraph gives an account of the way electrochromic windows changing?
A. Paragraph 5.
B. Paragraph 3.
C. Paragraph 4.
D. Paragraph 6.
35. A smart windows is smart mainly because _____.
A. it can change its size
B. it can change its structure
C. it can change the voltage of electricity
D. it has a sort of memory【答案与解析】
31.D 点睛：文章第一段第一句话提到窗户可以让光线进来，照亮房间，并提供热量，由此可知A、B项正确。根据第二段第三、四句“It’s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.”可知，C项正确，故只有D项文中未提及。
32.D 定位：根据关键词“when it comes to”可定位至第三段第一句。
点睛：文章前两段介绍的是窗户的三个作用。第三段开头Yet表示转折，开始介绍窗户在能量和温度控制方面的作用，所以when it comes to用来引入该话题的另一方面，故答案为D项。
33.D 定位：根据题干可定位至第四段。
点睛：根据文章第四段最后一句“They use some chromogenic (发色的) technologies involving changes of color”可知，智能窗户可以改变颜色，故D项正确。
避错：选项A、B在该段第二句可以找到，但这并不是智能窗户的特点。C项该段并未提及，故排除。
34.A 定位：根据“electrochromic windows changing”可定位至第五段。
点睛：第五段第一句话提到“Electrochromic (电致色的) windows use electricity to change color.”，接着对其进行举例说明，解释如何电致色窗户如何改变颜色，故答案为A项。
35.D 定位：根据题干可定位至第六段。
点睛：根据该段第一句“One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory””可知，使得智能窗户智能的一个重要特点是它拥有“记忆”，故答案为D项。
避错：A、B、C项文中均未提及。
第二篇 Sports Star Yao Ming
If Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.
But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess (杰出的才能) also for being a symbol of international commerce.
When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft (选拔), he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough—no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful (难对付的人) for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.
When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折) in his left foot, a collective shudder (震动) spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.
Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process. Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM’s benefits although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair.
“There is no reason to dismiss TCM,” Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “It’s been used in our country for thousands of years. I don’t think that it’s short on science.”
36. The word “towering” in Paragraph 1 means _____.
A. large
B. fat
C. tall
D. great
37. Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his _____.
A. mobility
B. assault
C. defense
D. celebrity
38. Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because _____.
A. his right foot had been hurting
B. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery
C. the surgical operation had been a failure
D. he couldn’t afford all the medical expenses
39. Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?
A. He missed the Athens Olympics.
B. He is an NBA player.
C. He fractured his left foot.
D. He is an international figure.
40. In general, the Western experts’ attitude towards TCM is _____.
A. indifferent
B. positive
C. negative
D. doubtful【答案与解析】
36.C 点睛：文章第一段第一句提到了姚明是最高的。因此第二句中“towering”应该继续指姚明在身高方面的记录，因此本题选C项。towering耸立的；高大的。
37.A 定位：根据关键词opponents和difficult to control定位到第三段第二句。
点睛：根据第三段第二句中的“no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility”，可知，由于姚明身材高大且移动迅速，他很难对付。因此本题选A项。
避错：文章第二段提到了姚明的名气，但是这并不是他很难对付的原因，因此D项不符合题意。B项和C项文中没有提及，因此排除。
38.B 定位：根据关键词a series of TCM treatment定位到最后两段。
点睛：根据倒数第二段第一句中的“hoping to accelerate his recovery process”可知，姚明之所以接受中医药治疗是为了快速恢复，因此本题选B项。
避错：文章第四段只提到了他的左脚受伤，并且提到了手术成功了，因此A项和C项明显错误。D项文中没有提及，因此排除。
39.A 点睛：文章第一段第二句就介绍了姚明是NBA中最高的一名球员，因此B项表述正确。根据文章第二段可知，姚明名气大，是国际商务的一个象征，因此D项与原文表述相符。文章第四段第一句提到了姚明左脚骨折，因此C项表述正确。第四段只提到姚明有可能错过奥运会，并且根据第四段最后一句可知，这里指的是北京奥运会，因此A项表述明显错误。因此本题选A项。
40.D 定位：根据关键词western experts’ attitude和TCM定位到最后两段。
点睛：根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，“Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM’s benefits”，skeptical意思为“怀疑的”，因此本题选D项。
第三篇 Can You Hear This?
When something creates a sound wave in a room or an auditorium, listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bounces off the walls, floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave or reverberant (反射的) sound, which can be heard even after the sound is no longer coming from the source.
The reverberation time of an auditorium is determined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium. It is also determined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents of the room (including the people) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time, because each use of an auditorium calls for different reverberation. Speech needs to be understood clearly; therefore rooms used for talking must have a short reverberation time. The full-sound performance of music such as Wagner operas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time. The light, rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewhere between.
Acoustic problems often are caused by poor auditorium design. Smooth, curved reflecting surfaces create large reflections. Parallel (平行的) walls reflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid, repetitive pulsing effect. Large pillars (柱) and corners can cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object. Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbers and reflectors to change the reverberation time of a room. For example, hanging large reflectors, called clouds, over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflect and others to pass to achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.
41.This passage is mainly about _____.
A. sound waves and their effects
B. the types of music orchestras play
C. walls of an auditorium
D. the design of an auditorium
42. Wagner operas and Mahler symphonies with full-sound effect have _____.
A. a short reverberation time
B. an intermediate reverberation time
C. no reverberation time
D. a long reverberation time
43. This passage suggests that a good auditorium should _____.
A. get rid of all reflections
B. not have absorbers
C. achieve a pleasing mixture of sound
D. have smooth surfaces
44.Large pillars and corners may _____.
A. make sound rich and full
B. be cures for sound problems
C. be sources of sound problems
D. function as effectively as clouds
45. The word “acoustic” in the last paragraph has something to do with _____.
A. performance
B. sound
C. audience
D. weather【答案与解析】
41.D 点睛：文章第一段讲的是混响声，接下来提到礼堂中不同活动对混响声的要求，最后一段讲的是礼堂的设计对于混响声的影响以及解决措施，综上可知，文章主要是关于礼堂如何设计以达到好的混响声效果，故答案为D项。
避错：其余选项均过于片面，偏离文章主题，故排除。
42.D 定位：根据题干可定位至文章第二段倒数第二句。
点睛：根据文章第二段倒数第二句“The full-sound performance of music such as Wagner operas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time.”可知，它们都需要较长的混响时间，故答案为D项。
43.C 点睛：根据原文第三段可知，礼堂设计不好会出现各种声音的问题，并在最后一句中举例“hanging large reflectors…to achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.”因此好的礼堂能够形成令人愉悦的声音混合，故答案为C项。
避错：A、B、C项表述均与原文相反，故排除。
44.C 定位：根据题干定位至最后一段第四句。
点睛：最后一段前几句都是举例说明礼堂中一些不好的设计，其中第四句中提到“Large pillars (柱) and corners can cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object.”，因此大的柱子和角落会形成声波死角，对声音效果产生影响，故答案为C项。
避错：其余三项都提到它会产生积极影响，与原文不符，故排除。
45.B 定位：根据关键词“acoustic”定位至最后一段。
点睛：该段提到的是不好的礼堂设计会影响其内部的混响，因此会产生声音问题，所以这里涉及的声音的问题，acoustic“声学的”，故答案为B项。
第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）
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What Is a Dream?
For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind and emotions.
Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. 46
The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The
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