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河南师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年河南师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations and terminology into Chinese. There are altogether 15 items in this part of the test, with one point for each. (15’)
1) medicare【答案】医疗保险
2) Ex works【答案】工厂交货
3) AIDS【答案】艾滋病（获得性免疫缺乏综合症）
4) Xerox【答案】施乐（复印）
5) GPS【答案】全球定位系统
6) L/C【答案】信用证
7) UNESCO【答案】联合国教育、科学及文化组织
8) joint venture【答案】合资企业
9) alimony【答案】赡养费
10) investment securities【答案】投资证券
11) capital punishment【答案】死刑
12) non-aligned nation【答案】不结盟国家
13) consulate-general【答案】总领事馆
14) force majeure【答案】不可抗力
15) curriculum vitae (CV)【答案】简历
Ⅱ. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations and terminology into English. There are altogether 15 items in this part of the test, with one point for each. (15’)
1) 一国两制【答案】One country, two systems.
2) 三个代表【答案】Three Represents
3) “两会”【答案】two sessions（the National People’s Congress and the Chinese Political Consultative Conference）
4) 机助翻译【答案】machine-aided translation
5) 词汇空缺【答案】lexical gap
6) 语域【答案】register
7) 法治【答案】rule of law
8) 出口商品交易会【答案】Export Commodities Fair
9) 语义翻译【答案】semantic translation
10) 交际翻译【答案】communicative translation
11) 功能对等【答案】functional equivalence
12) 以人为本【答案】people oriented
13) 科学发展观【答案】Scientific Outlook on Development
14) 扩大内需【答案】expand domestic demand
15) 房奴【答案】mortgage slave
Ⅲ. Directions: Translate the following into Chinese. (60’)Person of the YearNancy Gibbs
Sept. 11 delivered both a shock and a surprise—the attack, and our response to it—and we can argue forever over which mattered more. There has been so much talk of the goodness that erupted that day that we forget how unprepared we were for it. We did not expect much from a generation that had spent its middle age examining all the ways it fails to measure to the one that had come before—all fat, no muscle, less a beacon to the world than a bully, drunk on blessings taken for granted.
It was tempting to say that Sept. 11 changed all that, just as it is tempting to say that every hero needs a villain, end goodness needs evil as its grinding stone. But try looking a widow in the eye and talking about all the good that has come or this, it may not be a coincidence, but neither is it a partnership: good does not need evil, we owe no debt to demons, and the attack did not make us better. It was an occasion to discover what we already were. “Maybe the purpose of all this,” New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani（朱利安尼）said at a funeral for a friend, “is to find out if American today is as strong as when we fought for our independence or when we fought for ourselves as a Union to end slavery or as strong as our fathers and grandfathers who fought to rid the world of Nazism”. The terrorists, be argues, were counting on our cowardice. They’ve learned a lot about us since then. And so have we.
For leading that lesson, for having more faith in us that we had in ourselves, for being brave when required and rude where appropriate and tender without being trite, for not sleeping and not quitting and not shrinking from the pain all around him, Rudy Giuliani, Mayor of the World, is TIME’s 2001 Person of the Year.(Adapted from Time, December 31, 2001)(329 words)【参考译文】年度人物南希·吉布斯“9·11”事件既令人感到震惊，也令人感到意外。震惊的是攻击事件本身，意外的是我们对事件的反应。至于说这两者哪个更为重要，人们也许永远会争论下去。对于当天一下子涌现出来的可歌可泣的事迹，我们已经谈得不少了。在一片谈论声中，我们居然忘了，面对这些令人敬佩的行为我们当时是多么感到意外。因为我们本来就没有对这代美国人抱有多大期望。他们的中年是在自叹不如的心境中度过的，他们和上一代美国人比来比去，总感到自己望尘莫及。他们虚浮有余，坚实不足，根本谈不上是世界的灯塔，倒却是横行的恶霸，沉醉于福荫之中，总觉得受之无愧。
我们也许会脱口而出地说，是“9·11”事件改变了这一切，正如我们会说，每一个英雄都需要有一个恶霸来陪衬，善良也需要有邪恶来砥砺。但当你望着“9·11”死难者遗孀的双眼时，你难道还能侃侃而谈“9·11”事件所引发的好处吗？善恶并存也许确非巧合，但它们也绝非相互依存的伙伴：善不需要恶陪伴左右，我们并不亏欠魔鬼，“9·11”事件也没有把我们变成更好的人。它只是一次机会，我们不过借此发现了自己的本色。纽约市市长朱利安尼在朋友的葬礼中说得好：“也许这一切的目的就是要考验一下，看看今日的美国是否仍像当年为争取独立而战时那样坚强，是否仍像当年为结束奴隶制而团结奋战时那样坚强，是否仍像当年我们的父辈为消灭纳粹而战时那样坚强。”他说，恐怖主义者就指望我们会胆怯。但自“9·11”事件以来，他们想必对我们已有所了解。当然我们对自己也有了不少认识。
由于朱利安尼这次考验中堪称表率，由于他对我们的信心远胜于我们对自己的信心，由于他该勇敢时就勇敢，该鲁莽时就鲁莽，他温情流露，但那绝非应景之俗套，由于他不分昼夜地不停工作，虽被痛苦包围，却能勇敢面对，因此这位世界第一市长当选为2001年《时代周刊》的年度风云人物。（节选自《时代周刊》，2001年12月31日）
Ⅳ. Directions: Translate the following into English. (60’)
亚运会组织者证实：本届亚运会中禁止出现南非世界杯足球赛中嗡嗡作响的呜呜祖拉(vuvuzela)。有些球迷喜欢这种喇叭发出的有特色的低沉的响声，而其他一些人——包括许多球员、教练和评论员——则被这喇叭声搞的心烦意乱。不过将参加在周五开幕的第16届亚运会运动员则不会为此担忧，因为当地政府官员已经证实这种色彩艳丽的塑料喇叭将在所有场地中被禁用。广州市文明办副主任张友泉公布的一系列禁带物品名单中提到了呜呜祖拉。根据《广州日报》的一篇报道，比赛期间违反规则的观众将会受到志愿者的劝诫。呜呜祖拉成了南非世界杯的非官方标志，但是这些喇叭的响声盖过了观众的加油声，并让球员几乎无法和彼此进行沟通。(277字)【参考译文】
The vuvuzela trumpet, which became the droning soundtrack to the football World Cup in South Africa, has been banned from the Asian Games, organizers have confirmed. Some fans loved the distinctive low-pitched bellow while others including many players, coaches and commentators were driven to distraction. But athletes gathered for the 16th Asian Games which opens on Friday will have no such concerns after a local government official confirmed that the plastic trumpet, often in garish colors, will be banned from all venues. Zhang Youquan, deputy director of the civilization office of the Guangzhou government, named the vuvuzela amid a list of banned items. According to a report by the Guangzhou Daily, spectators violating etiquette during the Games will be advised by volunteers. Vuvuzelas became the unofficial symbol of the World Cup, but they drowned out crowd chants and made it nearly impossible for players to communicate with each other.
2012年河南师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations and terminology into Chinese. There are altogether 15 items in this part of the test, with one point for each. (15’)
1) fax【答案】传真
2) transculturation【答案】文化嫁接
3) AIDS【答案】艾滋病（获得性免疫缺乏综合症）
4) foreignizing translation【答案】异化翻译
5) GPS【答案】全球定位系统
6) L/C【答案】信用证
7) UNESCO【答案】联合国教育、科学及文化组织
8) joint venture【答案】合资企业
9) pragmatic translation【答案】语用翻译
10) copycat【答案】山寨
11) capital punishment【答案】死刑
12) non-aligned nation【答案】不结盟国家
13) DINK【答案】丁克（双份收入，没有孩子。）
14) force majeure【答案】不可抗力
15) letters patent【答案】专利特许证
Ⅱ. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations and terminology into English. There are altogether 15 items in this part of the test, with one point for each. (15’)
1) 文化建设【答案】cultural construction
2) 动态对等【答案】dynamic equivalence
3) 形合【答案】hypotaxis
4) 意合【答案】parataxis
5) 一国两制【答案】One country, two systems.
6) 科学发展观【答案】the Scientific Outlook on Development
7) 经济房【答案】low-cost housing
8) 增值税【答案】value added tax
9) 欧元区【答案】Eurozone
10) 本地化【答案】localization
11) 和谐社会【答案】harmonious society
12) 小康【答案】moderately prosperous
13) 公务员【答案】civil servant
14) 房地产【答案】real estate
15) 医患纠纷【答案】patient-doctor dispute
Ⅲ. Directions: Translate the following into Chinese. (60’)What I’ve LearnedTony Blair
TEN years ago, if you had told me I would spend a significant part of my premiership on foreign policy, I would have been surprised, a little shocked and probably, politically, somewhat alarmed. Even today, we all run for office concentrating on domestic issues. “Foreign” policy rarely wins votes, and can easily lose them. Yet nowadays the reality is increasingly that we are obliged as leaders to think, work and act internationally.
Over ten years I have watched this grow. (If you had told me a decade ago that I would be tackling terrorism. I would have readily understood, but thought you meant Irish Republican terrorism.) The line between “foreign” and “domestic” policy is being blurred. Climate change is a big issue in developed nations’ politics today. It can be beaten only by global action. What happens today in Pakistan matters on the streets of Britain? Mass migration can only partially be managed by individual nations’ internal policies. Economies are shaped by forces of globalization.
On top of this, the world order is changing. The political power of China is emerging as its economic power grows, India will be formidable. Japan is putting its past behind it. Russia is becoming more assertive by the day.
In this age, foreign policy is not an interesting distraction from the hard slog of domestic reform. It is the element that describes a nation's face to the world at large, forms the perceptions of others to it and, in part, its perception of itself.
We all talk of interdependence being the defining characteristic of the modern world. But often we fail to see the fundamental implications of such a statement. It means we have a clear communication convey powerful images in an instant across the globe, it dictates that struggles are fought as much through propaganda, ideas and values as through conventional means, military or diplomatic.(327 words)【参考译文】我所学到的东西托尼·布莱尔
十年前如果有人说，我这个首相会把一大部分精力用于外交政策，我会非常吃惊，若从政治角度考虑，甚至会为此提高警惕。时至今日，国内问题依然是政府工作的核心。关注外交拉不来选票，只会远离选民。但现实情况日渐转变，作为领导不得不以更国际化的方式思考问题、开展工作。
十多年来，我见证了这一转变。（若十年前有人说，我会实行反恐政策，我理所当然的认为这“恐”就是爱尔兰共和军恐怖主义）。外交与内政的界限越来越模糊不清。气候变化已成为发达国家的政治生活的重中之重，只能通过全球联合才能解决；巴基斯坦的点点滴滴都影响着英国的日常生活；大批的移民，指望哪个国家自己管理，恐怕力不能及。各国经济正受到全球化的影响。
首先便是国际格局的变化。中国经济实力日益增强，政治地位随之不断提升；印度发展强劲，必将势不可挡；日本开始摆脱往日低靡，向前发展；俄罗斯也日渐强硬。
外交政策，已不仅仅是繁杂的国内事务之余的消遣，其作用不可小视。总的来说，外交政策是国家的脸面，它让其他国家了解自己，也在一定程度上让自己了解自己。
人们都说，各国间相互依存已成为当代世界最鲜明的特征，但很少有人真正理解这背后的涵义所在——任何国家都与世界其他角落所发生的一切利益相连，息息相关。发达的传媒通信将信息瞬间传遍全球，这意味着在军事、外交这些向来冲突不断的领域之外，言论、思想和价值观的斗争也正在激烈上演。
Ⅳ. Directions: Translate the following into English. (60’)
上世纪40年代以来，全球人口增加了两倍，这样的增长速度给地球居民造成了日益严重的威胁。要养活更多的人、提供更多的住房和医疗服务，世界资源所要承受的压力比以往任何时候都要大。以人类目前的生活方式，到2030年，世界人口需要1.5个地球才能维持，不过富国和穷国人口的生活方式存在着巨大差异。由于在工业化国家人口数最趋于平稳，在不久的未来，几乎所有的人口增长都将集中在发展中国家。人口老龄化也将对一些工业国家造成困扰，比如日本，在过去20年内，65岁以上人口的数量几乎翻了一番。这会日益加重养老和医疗体系的负担。(245字)【参考译文】
The pace of growth, which has seen the number of people on the planet triple since 1940, poses an increasing danger to citizens. With more people to feed, house and provide medical care for, the world’s resources look set to come under more strain than ever before. The world’s people are now living lifestyles which would require one and a half planets to sustain, though there are significant differences between rich and poor nations. As populations stabilize in the industrial world, almost all growth in the near future is expected to take place in developing countries. Ageing populations are also set to pose a problem with some industrial countries, such as Japan, nearly doubling its share of the population aged 65 and over in the past 20 years. This will put increased pressure on pension and healthcare systems.
2013年河南师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into Chinese. There are altogether15 items this part of the test, with one point for each. (15’)
1) secretary-general【答案】秘书长
2) Ex works【答案】工厂交货
3) AIDS【答案】艾滋病（获得性免疫缺乏综合症）
4) Xerox【答案】施乐
5) GPS【答案】全球定位系统
6) L/C【答案】信用证
7) UNESCO【答案】联合国教育、科学及文化组织
8) joint venture【答案】合资企业
9) literary translation【答案】文学翻译
10) free translation【答案】意译
11) capital punishment【答案】死刑
12) non-aligned nation【答案】不结盟国家
13) consulate-general【答案】总领事馆
14) force-majeure【答案】不可抗力
15) curriculum vitae (CV)【答案】简历
Ⅱ. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into English. There are altogether15 items this part of the test, with one point for each. (15’)
1) 文化建设【答案】cultural construction
2) 动态对等【答案】dynamic equivalence
3) 形合【答案】hypotaxis
4) 意合【答案】parataxis
5) 黑客【答案】hacker
6) 和谐社会【答案】harmonious society
7) 小康社会【答案】a moderately prosperous society
8) 廉政建设【答案】construction of a clean government
9) 保税区【答案】bonded area
10) 知识产权【答案】copyright
11) 意识流【答案】stream of consciousness
12) 商业广告【答案】commercial advertisement
13) 宏观调控【答案】macro-control
14) 可持续发展【答案】sustainable development
15) 南水北调【答案】South-to-North Water Diversion Project
Ⅲ. Directions: Translate the underlined part into Chinese. (60’)The Dumbest GenerationMark Baerlein
The world delivers facts and events and art and ideas as never before, but the young American’s mind hasn’t opened. Young Americans’ vices have diminished, one must acknowledge, as teens and young adults harbor fewer stereotypes and social prejudices. Also, they regard their parents more highly than they did 25 years ago. They volunteer in strong numbers, and rates of risky behaviors are dropping. Overall conduct trends are moving upward, leading a hard-edged commentator such as Kay Hymowits（凯·海莫威茨）to announce in “Its Morning After in America” (2004) that “pragmatic Americans have seen the damage that their decades-long fling with the sexual revolution and the transvaluation of traditional values wrought. And now, without giving up the real gains, they are earnestly knitting up their unraveled culture. It is a moment of tremendous promise.” At TechCentralStation.com, James Glassman（詹姆斯·格拉斯曼）agreed enough to proclaim. “Good News! The Kids Are Alright!” Youth watches William Strauss（威廉·斯特劳斯）and Neil Howe（尼尔·豪）were confident enough to subtitle their book on young Americans The Next Great Generation (2000).
And why shouldn’t they? Teenagers and young adults mingle in a society of abundance, intellectual as well as material. American youth in the twenty-first century have benefited from a shower of money and goods, a bath of liberties and pissing self-images, vibrant civic debates, political blogs, old books and masterpieces available online, traveling exhibitions, the History Channel, news feeds… and on and on. Never have opportunities for education, learning, political action, and cultural activity been greater. All the ingredients for making an informed and intelligent citizen are in place.
But it hasn’t happened. Yes, young Americans are energetic, ambitious, enterprising, and good, but their talents and interests and money thrust them not into books and ideas and history and civics, but into a whole other realm and other consciousness. A different social life and a different mental life have formed among them. Technology has bred it, but the result doesn’t tally with the fulsome descriptions of digital empowerment, global awareness, and virtual communities. Instead of opening young American minds to the stores of civilization and science and politics, technology has contracted their horizon to themselves, to the social scene around them. Young people have
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