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大连海事大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年大连海事大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
I. Directions: Translate the following words, phrases, abbreviations or idioms into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30’)
1．liberal translation【答案】意译
2．MT【答案】磁带（Magnetic Tape）；平均时间（Mean Time）；军事训练（Military Training）
3．Foreignizaton【答案】异化
4．firex【答案】灭火器（Fire Extinguisher）
5．CPU【答案】中央处理机（Central Processing Unit）
6．Handle with Care【答案】小心轻放
7．telecom【答案】电信
8．Lot Number【答案】批号
9．keep cool【答案】保持冷静
10．National People’s Congress【答案】全国人民代表大会
11．New York Times【答案】《纽约时报》
12．Jane Eyre【答案】《简·爱》
13．ISO【答案】国际标准化组织（International Standardization Organization）
14．clockwise【答案】顺时针方向
15．key drive【答案】键驱动
16．基督教【答案】Christianity
17．孔子【答案】Confucius
18．生态学【答案】ecology
19．公共关系【答案】PR (public relation)
20．故宫博物院【答案】the Palace Museum
21．联合国安理会【答案】the united nations security council
22．勿踏草地【答案】Keep off the grass.
23．申请表【答案】application form
24．《中庸》【答案】The Doctrine of Mean
25．经济措施【答案】economic measures
26．翻译的标准【答案】criteria of translation
27．发票号【答案】invoice number
28．目的港【答案】destination port
29．经济特区【答案】special economic zones
30．仲裁【答案】arbitration
II. Directions: Translate the following three source texts into their target language respectively. (20’)
Source Text 1:
The two registers of commerce and journalism meet in the language of advertising. The advertiser sees his product through rose-colored spectacles, and the public for whom he caters gets into the way of making allowances for his optimism. When a restaurant advertises a lunch consisting of “rich golden-brown seafood with superfine French fried potatoes as a side-dish”, a few moments of thoughts are needed before the customer realizes that what he has been offered is in fact fish and .chips. Advertisements offering property for sale have become notorious for their use of genteel euphemisms. If you bang your head whenever you go upstairs, it is some consolation to know that you have bought “a dwelling house of character”. On toiling up a steep hill to reach the house, you may remember that the advertisement said “the site is pleasantly elevated”, and if you have some difficulty in finding the house at all, that simply confirms the advertiser’s statement that it is “delightfully secluded in a unique ‘away from it all’ position”.
[Key words]
register 语域
rose-colored 乐观的【参考译文】
商业和广告这两个语域在广告语言中相遇了。广告人乐观地看待自己的产品，但是他所迎合的大众让他的乐观受到了打击。一家餐厅打出一则午餐广告，上头写道：“浓郁的金黄色海鲜，另有法式炸土豆作为配菜”，顾客看到这则广告可能要思量一会儿才反应过来，广告里头说的实际上就是鱼和土豆条。房地产销售广告因为广告语委婉文雅而因此臭名昭著。如果你上楼时磕到了头，用房地产广告语中安慰的话说，你买了“一所有个性的房子”；当你辛苦爬上一条陡坡才到达家时，你会想起广告中提到的“楼层高，视野广阔，令你身心愉悦”；如果你找不到住房地址，这就印证了广告中提到的这所住房“隐居在一个‘远离一切事物’的地方，那个地方独特且讨人喜欢”。
Source Text 2:
Sir Ernest Gowers, who cannot be accused of excessive tenderness towards verbosity, defends that of legal documents:
“It is the duty of a draftsman of these authoritative texts to try to imagine every possible combination of circumstances to which his words might apply and every conceivable misinterpretation that might be put on them, and to take precautions accordingly. He must avoid all graces, not be afraid of repetitions, or even of identifying them by aforesaid; he must eschew all pronouns when their antecedents might possibly be open to dispute and generally avoid every possible grammatical ambiguity.”
[Key words]
Sir Ernest Gowers 欧内斯特·高尔斯爵士
verbosity 冗长的话【参考译文】
欧内斯特·高尔斯爵士认为，在法律文件中谁也不能被指责语言冗杂或过度温柔。
他认为，一位起草权威文本的人士要担负起以下责任：他要同时想象到他的言辞适用的情况以及任何一种可设想到的对他言辞误解的情况，然后采取相应的预防措施；他要避开任何优雅的表达，不要担心文字的重复，也不用担心频繁地使用“上述的”这类的字眼；他要避免使用任何先行词有争议的代词，避免任何可能存在的语法歧义。
Source Text 3:
方言是一群具有某些共同的非语言特征的人所使用的一种语言的次类。我们难以找到一个能够准确区分方言和语言的定义，因为方言和语言的区别不是绝对的，任何刻板的定义都是不确切的。
英国英语和美国英语是同一语言的两种方言，这一点似乎是很清楚的。各国所使用的各种不同的英语跟英国英语一样，都是同一语言的地方方言，为方便起见都被称为英语。
但是，有些语言的变体既不能和社会团体联系起来，也不能和个人联系起来，而只能和使用的场合联系起来。这种变体叫作语域，它们在言语中的重要性终于开始被人们认识到了。语域的研究可以当作是在使用语言的语境中考察语言。
[Key words]
非语言 non-linguistic
次类 sub-division【参考译文】
A dialect is a sub-division of a language used by a group of people who share certain common non-linguistic features. It’s hard to give a definition that can definitely distinguish dialect from language, for the difference between them is not absolute. In other words, any rigid definition is not accurate.
It appears to be clear that British English and American English are two dialects of the same language-English. Like British English, various kinds of English applied by different countries are different dialects of English. But for the sake of convenience, they are all simply called as English.
However, variations in some languages are neither associated with social groups nor connected with individuals, but only with situations where they are used. Such variations are called registers, whose importance has finally been noticed by us. The study of register can be regarded as the study of language in the context of using language.
2012年大连海事大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
I. Directions: Translate the following words, phrases, abbreviations or idioms into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30’)
1．Pride and Prejudice【答案】《傲慢与偏见》
2．criteria of translation【答案】翻译的准则
3．Financial Times【答案】《金融时报》
4．Cloak Room【答案】行李寄存室；衣帽间
5．North Atlantic Treaty Organization【答案】北大西洋公约组织
6．translation ethics【答案】翻译伦理
7．computer-assisted translation【答案】电脑辅助翻译
8．IMO【答案】国际海事组织（International Maritime Organization）
9．Birds of a feather flock together.【答案】物以类聚，人以群分。
10．telecom【答案】电信
11．Keep Dry【答案】保持干燥，勿使受潮。
12．UN Security Council【答案】联合国安理会
13．Journey to the West【答案】《西游记》
14．domestication【答案】驯养；教化
15．Ministry of State Security【答案】国家安全部
16．翻译的原则【答案】principles of translation
17．异化翻译【答案】foreignizing translation
18．机器翻译【答案】machine translation
19．《魂断蓝桥》【答案】Waterloo Bridge
20．遥控器【答案】remote-control unit
21．民政部【答案】Ministry of Civil Affairs
22．白宫
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]