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四川大学考博英语历年真题及详解试读：
2005年四川大学考博英语真题及详解
I. Reading Comprehension (30%, 1 mark each)
Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
We are all naturally attracted to people with ideas, beliefs and interests like our own. Similarly, we feel comfortable with people with physical qualities similar to ours.
You may have noticed how people who live or work closely together come to behave in a similar way. Unconsciously we copy those we are close to or love or admire. So a sportsman’s individual way of walking with raised shoulders is imitated by an admiring fan; a pair of lovers both shake their heads in the same way; an employee finds himself duplicating his boss’s habit of wagging a pen between his fingers while thinking. In every case, the influential person may not consciously notice the imitation, but he will feel comfortable in its presence. And if he does notice the matching of his gestures or movements, he finds it pleasing he is influencing people: they are drawn to him.
Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends and acquaintances all their lives, and winning affection and respect in this way without being aware of their methods. Now, for people who want to win agreement or trust, affection or sympathy, some psychologists recommend the deliberate use of physical mirroring.
The clever saleswoman echoes her lady customer’s movements, tilting her head in the same way to judge a color match, or folding her arms a few seconds after the customer, as though consciously attracted by her. The customer feels that the saleswoman is in sympathy with her, and understands her needs—a promising relationship for a sale to take place. The clever lawyer, trying in a law-court to influence a judge, imitates the great man’s shrugging of his shoulders, the tone of his voice and the rhythm of his speech.
Of course, physical mirroring must be subtle. If you blink every time your target blinks, or bite your bottom lip every time he does, your mirroring has become mockery and you can expect trouble. So, if you can’t model sympathetically, don’t play the game.
1．According to the passage, “physical mirroring” (Pare. 3) means ______.
A. the comfortable feeling about people with physical qualities similar to ours
B. the imitation of the gestures or movements of those we are close to, or love, or admire
C. the attraction to people with ideas, beliefs and interests like our own
D. the fact that people living or working closely together behave in a similar way
2．Physical mirroring can cause trouble if ______.
A. the mirroring has become mockery
B. the person mirrored finds that people are drawn to him
C. the lawyer shrugs his shoulders the way the judge does
D. it has been found to be deliberately used
3．According to the author, which of the following is not a deliberate use of physical mirroring?
A. A saleswoman tilts her head after her customer to judge a color match.
B. A lawyer emulates the tone of the judge’s voice and the rhythm of his speech.
C. A naughty boy blinks every time the teacher blinks.
D. Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends all their lives.
4．Which of the following is true?
A. The lawyer who imitates the judge is trying to influence him.
B. The clever saleswoman echoes her lady customer’s movements because she is unconsciously attracted by her.
C. Physical mirroring is always flattering to those who are imitated.
D. Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends and acquaintances because they want to win their affection and respect in this way.
5．The paragraph following this passage will most probably move on to ______.
A. the importance of physical mirroring in daily life
B. the troubles caused by the deliberate use of physical mirroring
C. an explanation of physical mirroring by a behavioral scientist
D. some ways to prevent physical mirroring from offending【答案与解析】
1．B 作者在第三段给出physical mirroring这一概念后紧接着在第四段就举了clever saleswoman和clever lawyer的例子对观点进行论述，从例子中可以看出选项B正确。
2．A 根据最后一段if you blink…your mirroring has become mockery and you can expect
trouble，可知当模仿变成嘲笑时就会造成麻烦。所以答案为选项A。
3．D 根据第二段sensitive people have …without being aware of their methods，可知他们进行的是一种无意识模仿，而不是deliberate use。
4．C 从第二段的he will feel comfortable in its presence，he finds it pleasing he is influencing people等处可以推断physical mirroring是会使那些被模仿的人感到高兴的。
5．D 作者在最后一段指出Of course, physical mirroring must be subtle和so, if you can’t model sympathetically, don’t play the game，按逻辑发展接下来可能会介绍防止physical mirroring引起不悦的方法。
Passage 2
The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970’s was the enthusiasm for refurbishing older buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation. A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in the 1960’s, but it was in the 1970’s, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation, as well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene.
One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston’s eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking. Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights. San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay. Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio’s leaders rehabilitated existing structures while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which meanders through the business district.
6．What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The architectural phenomenon of the1970’s.
B. The architectural style from 1824 to 1970’s.
C. In the 1970’s, recycling old buildings became famous.
D. During the 1970”s, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modern use
7．The apace at Quincy Market is now used for ______.
A. Restaurants, offices and stores
B. Sports and recreational facilities
C. Boston’s new city hall
D. A marvelous setting for commerce
8．In which of the following ways does the passage state that the San Antonio project differed from those in Boston and Minneapolis?
A. It was designed to combat urban decay.
B. It occurred in the business district.
C. It involved the environment as well as buildings.
D. It consisted primarily of new construction.
9．What is the author’s opinion of the San Antonio project?
A. It is clearly the best of the projects discussed.
B. It is a good project that could be copied in other cities.
C. the extensive use of bulldozers made the project unnecessarily costly.
D. The work done on the river was more important than the work done on the buildings.
10．Which of the following is true?
A. The San Antonio example shows the enthusiasm for refurbishing older buildings.
B. Recent interest in ecology issues has led to the cleaning up of some rivers.
C. Benjamin Thompson was the designer for a project in Boston.
D. Strong government support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in Boston.【答案与解析】
6．D 本文主要就是列举各地重新利用那些旧的建筑物，选项D符合。
7．A 第二段第三句提到a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking，选项A中restaurants, offices and stores分别与文中dining, professional offices和shopping相对应。
8．C 第二段说到在combating urban decay方面San Antonio, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities主要是因为它翻新城市旧建筑的同时也注意对环境的治理（cleaning up the San Antonio River）。
9．B 根据第二段倒数第三句San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities（San Antonio对其他城市来说是一个很好的经验），所以选项B正确，“是一个很好的过程，可以为其他城市所借鉴”。
10．C 第二段第二句中…under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson，可知Benjamin Thompson是其设计者，选项C与原文意思相符。
Passage 3
It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don’t, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.
The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depresses. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted. But we are making a beginning and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we call think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can’t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.
11．According to the author, really good science ______.
A will bring about surprising and disturbing results
B. will produce results which cannot be foreseen
C. will help people to make the right choice in advance
D. would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment
12．It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century ______.
A. thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science
B. did no more than good in promoting man’s understanding of nature
C. knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature
D. were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research
13．Which of the following statements is not true of scientists in earlier times?
A. The paid little attention to the problems they didn’t understand.
B. They invented false theories to explain things they didn’t understand.
C. They falsely claimed to know all about nature.
D. They did not believe in results from scientific observation.
14．What is the author’s attitude towards science?
A. He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.
B. He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.
C. He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.
D. He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.
15．The author believes that ______.
A. man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up
B. man can not solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellect
C. sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer them
D. questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research【答案与解析】
11．B 根据第一段第一句It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out，if it is really good science it is impossible to predict“很难预知科学的结果将会怎样，如果是good science，那么它将很难预知”，所以选项B与原文意思相符。
12．A 第二段It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century…be told…how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead可以看出18世纪的科学家自以为了解很多，所以听说现代人类觉得很无知迷茫会觉得惊奇。
13．D 第二段说In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps“在早期，我们会假装懂得事情怎样运作的，或忽略这些问题，或编造一些故事来填补空白”，所以只有选项D“他们不相信科学观察得结果”，在文中没有提到。
14．C 从文中作者说的Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers，I feel totally confident …we are profoundly ignorant about nature等处可以看出作者持比较乐观的态度。
15．A 最后一段，作者明确指出there are probably no questions we can think up that can’t be answered“不会存在我们能想到但却无法解决的问题”，sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness“迟早，甚至是与意识有关的问题也能得到解决”。选项A“人们能找到他们所能想到的所有问题的解决方法”正确。
Passage 4
At its best，any prison is so unnatural a form of segregation from normal life that—like too—loving parents and too zealous religion and all other well—meant violations of individuality—it helps to prevent the victims from resuming when they are let out, any natural role in human society. At its worst, the prison is almost scientifically designed to develop by force-ripening every one of the antisocial traits for which we suppose ourselves to put people into prison (I say “suppose”, because actually we put people into prison only because we don’t know what else to do with them). The prison makes the man who is sexually abnormal, sexually a maniac. The prison makes the man who enjoyed beating fellow drunks in a bar-room come out wanting to kill a policeman.
Probably we cannot tomorrow turn all the so-called criminals loose and close the jails—though, of course that is just what we are doing by letting them go at the end of their sentences. No. Society cannot free the victims. Society has unfitted liar freedom. Doubtless, since the Millennium is still centuries ahead, it is advisable to make prisons as sanitary and well-lighted as possible, that the convicts may live out their living death more comfortably.
Only keep your philosophy straight. Do not imagine that when you have by carelessness in no inoculating them, let your victims get smallpox, you are going to save them or exonerate yourselves by bathing their brows, however grateful the bathing may be.
16．The author says that prison is like some parents, or like some kinds of religion, in that it ______.
A. makes people incapable of living independently
B. doesn’t train people for useful work
C. is too kind for people to live freely
D. is too strict for people to live freely
17．According to the passage, prison ______ in some way.
A. makes prisoners violent
B. makes criminal characteristics worse
C. causes sexual problems in most prisoners
D. destroys prisoners’ spirits
18．Why, according to the author, can’t we let all the prisoners free?
A. Because society can not allow it.
B. Because some of them have become maniac.
C. Because some of them are too dangerous.
D. Because some of them have been made antisocial.
19．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the last sentence but one?
A. You can’t reform prisoners by kind treatment.
B. It is easy to catch diseases such as smallpox in prison.
C. Society makes criminals; it shouldn’t feel it’s done enough for them by creating good prison conditions.
D. In any kind of political or social conditions, it is natural that some people should turn out to be enemies of Society.
20．Which of the following seems to you to give the best summary of the passage?
A. It is true that prison makes some criminals worse, but Society cannot be blamed for this—there is no other solution in an imperfect world.
B. Putting people into prison makes some of them worse. We should make prison conditions as good as possible, but this is by no means our only duty to criminals.
C. Prison should be severe enough to act like a smallpox inoculation, and so prevent the criminal from catching the “disease” again.
D. The only real solution is to keep sexual and violent criminals in prison in as good conditions as possible to live out their “‘living death”.【答案与解析】
16．D 第一段说any prison is…segregation from normal life that—like too—loving parents and too zealous religion，表明了监狱像父母和宗教的原因是segregation from normal life,选项D符合。
17．B 从第一段The prison makes…sexually abnormal, sexually a maniac，makes…who enjoyed beating fellow drunks…come out wanting to kill a policeman可以看出prison某些方面可能使犯人的性格更加恶化。
18．A 根据第二段的叙述No Society cannot free the victims. Society has unfitted liar freedom，可以看出不能释放所有罪犯是因为社会自身不允许这么做。
19．C 本句起着承上启下的作用，从其前后两部分叙述内容来看，作者觉得是选项C的内容即社会造成的犯罪，不应该觉得它通过改善监狱条件就算是做的足够了。
20．B 第一段介绍了把犯人放进监狱的好处——防止犯人出狱后重操旧业和坏处——会使犯人性格更加恶化，作者在第二、三段提出了自己的观点“make prisons as sanitary and well-lighted as possible”，选项B与原文内容相符。
Passage 5
A new look at an asteroid orbiting the sun shows it could possibly smash into the Earth with tremendous force. But experts say the potential impact is still 872 years away, time enough for tie speeding space rock to alter its course.
Named 1950DA, the asteroid —1 kilometer wide—is the most threatening to the Earth of all of the know large asteroids, but the odds are only about one in 300 that it would impact the planet, researchers said. “One in 300 is pretty long odds,” said Jon D. Giorgini, a scientist in California. “I’m not personally going to worry about it. It is so far in the future that lots of things could change.”
There are approximately 1 000 asteroids bigger than a kilometer that can pass near the Earth in their orbit of the sun. About 580 have been found and their orbits plotted. Of these, only 1950DA represents a possible threat. Scientists continue an effort to identify all the other large ast eroids that pass near the Earth, and it is their great hope that they don’t find any that are greater threats. If 1950DA did hit the Earth, said Giorgini, it would have planet-wide effects, setting off fires, changing the weather and perhaps creating immense tidal waves. But it would not be a planet killer like the asteroid thought to have snuffed out the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago.
Asteroid 1950DA was first discovered in 1950, but then not noted in astronomy logs again for decades. It was rediscovered in the year 2000 and in March 200l whizzed within about 77 million miles of Earth, giving astronomers an opportunity to gather visual and radar readings. From that, the astronomers projected the orbital path 1950DA would take on its next 15 near passes of the Earth—over a period covering nearly nine centuries. For the 15th near pass, on March 16, 2880, the analysis showed it was mathematically possible, though unlikely, that the asteroid could hit the Earth.
He said the highest probability is that the asteroid in 2880 will miss the Earth by about 290,000 kilometers—a distance closer than the 370,000-kilometer orbit of the Moon around the Earth.
21．Talking about asteroids, the author tells us that ______.
A. nothing can alter the course of an asteroid in its orbit of the sun
B. only about one in 300 asteroids near the sun would hit the Earth
C. scientist have managed to identify all the asteroids orbiting the sun
D. there is no immediate threat to the Earth from an asteroid
22．We can infer from the passage that ______.
A. larger asteroids are more likely to smash into the Earth
B. an asteroid will probably just miss the Earth in 2880
C. asteroids will eventually bring great destruction to the Earth
D. no asteroid was noted in astronomy logs before 1950
23．Judging from the context, the word “whizzed” most probably means ______.
A. kept turning around quickly
B. went into and out of its orbit quickly
C. moved very fast
D. exploded all the while
24．According to the passage, which of the Following statements is true?
A. Scientists have managed to know more things about asteroid 1950DA.
B. Many people seem to be worried about the predicted asteroid smash.
C. Scientists are still quite optimistic about man’s future.
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]