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河南师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2012年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
1. The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary _____ too much work last week.
A. take to
B. take out
C. take away
D. take on【答案】D【解析】句意：董事长被指责上周让他的秘书承担了太多工作。take on承担。take to喜欢；开始从事。take out取出；去掉。take away带走，拿走。
2. Being ignorant of the law is not accepted as a (n) _____ for breaking the law.
A. excuse
B. intention
C. option
D. approval【答案】A【解析】句意：不懂法律不能作为违犯法律的借口。excuse借口。approval批准；认可。
3. It is said in some parts of the world, goats, rather than cows, serve as a vital _____ of milk.
A. storage
B. reserve
C. resource
D. source【答案】D【解析】句意：据说在世界上某些地方，奶的重要来源是山羊而不是奶牛。source来源。
4. To our _____, Geoffrey’s illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.
A. anxiety
B. relief
C. view
D. judgment【答案】B【解析】句意：让人欣慰的是，杰弗里的病没有我们害怕的那么严重。to one’s relief使人安心的是。
5. Many people like white color as it is a_____ of purity.
A. symbol
B. sign
C. signal
D. symptom【答案】A【解析】句意：许多人喜欢白色，因为白色是纯洁的象征。sign指人们公认事物的记号、标志，也可指某种情况的迹象。symbol指有象征意义的或表达某种深邃含义的特殊事物。signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号、暗号。
6. The lure of something for nothing as an ideal in gambling has_____ criticism from the upright, honest people of the society.
A. evoked
B. stirred
C. spread
D. enhanced【答案】A【解析】句意：赌博的理想是不劳而获，这种诱惑引发了社会上正直、诚实的人们的批评。evoke引起，唤起。
7. The students in the Advanced Teachers’ Training Class are asked to visit the nearby middle schools for the _____ of lessons.
A. inspection
B. investigation
C. observance
D. observation【答案】D【解析】句意：高级教师培训班的学员被要求到附近的中学观摩教学。inspection视察，检查（有上级对下级的意味）。observance惯例；遵守。
8. His irresponsible behavior put the lives of all the workers in _____.
A. risk
B. alarm
C. hazard
D. jeopardy【答案】D【解析】句意：他不负责任的行为将所有的工人置于危险之中。in jeopardy处于危险状态。risk与at搭配。
9. Fortunately when I collided with that big car, the damage to both cars was only _____.
A. small
B. minimal
C. little
D. few【答案】B【解析】句意：幸运的是，当我和那辆大车相撞时，两辆车都只有轻微损坏。minimal指“极小的，极少的”，尤其是最小的程度或数量。
10. One of the problems our government has to deal with is the _____ of the growing number of plastic containers.
A. dissolution
B. disposition
C. disappearance
D. disposal【答案】D【解析】句意：我们政府需要解决的一个问题是如何处理日益增多的塑料容器。disposal丢弃，处理。dissolution溶解；（议会等的）解散。disposition处置；性情。
11. You _____ that letter to James. However, you didn’t.
A. ought to write
B. ought to have written
C. should write
D. should be writing【答案】B【解析】句意：你原本应该写信给詹姆斯，然而你并没有写。ought to have written是虚拟语气，表示本应该做某事而没做。
12. Under this _____ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.
A. intensive
B. weighty
C. intense
D. bulky【答案】C【解析】句意：在这种强压下，一些岩石甚至变成了液体。intense强烈的。intensive加强的；集中的。weighty重的。bulky庞大的；笨重的。
13. It was requested that all of the equipment _____ in the agreed time.
A. erected
B. would be erected
C. be erected
D. will be erected【答案】C【解析】句意：所有设备都被要求在约定时间建好。在表示建议、要求等的词后，从句要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
14. We are writing to the manager _____ the repairs recently carried out at the above address.
A. with reference to
B. with the purpose of
C. with a view to
D. with the exception【答案】A【解析】句意：我们正在给经理写信，内容关于最近在上述地方进行的修补。with reference to关于，有关。with the purpose of目的是。with a view to为了，目的是。with the exception of除……以外。
15. A special feature of education at MIT is the opportunity for students and faculty to _____ together in research activities.
A. involve
B. participate
C. specialize
D. consist【答案】B【解析】句意：麻省理工学院教育的一个突出特点是，为学生和全体教员提供了一起参加研究活动的机会。participate in参加。
16. Some people argue that the death _____ does not necessarily reduce the number of murders.
A. penalty
B. plot
C. pattern
D. practice【答案】A【解析】句意：有人认为，死刑未必会减少谋杀的数量。death penalty死刑。
17. Television was not invented by any one person. _____ into being overnight.
A. Nor has it sprung
B. Nor does it spring
C. Nor did it spring
D. Nor can it spring【答案】C【解析】句意：电视并不是被某一个人所发明，也不是一夜之间就出现的。否定词放于句首应该用部分倒装。
18. A study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms are less likely to _____ the habit of smoking.
A. turn up
B. pick up
C. make up
D. draw up【答案】B【解析】句意：研究表明，生活在无烟宿舍的学生不太可能养成吸烟的习惯。pick up捡起；不费力地学会。turn up出现；发生。make up组成；补足。draw up起草。
19. Many personnel managers say it is getting harder and harder to _____ honest applicants from the growing number of dishonest ones.
A. dissolve
B. disguise
C. discount
D. distinguish【答案】D【解析】句意：许多人事经理说，越来越难将诚实的申请者与逐渐增多的不诚实申请者区分开。distinguish...from...把……跟……区分开来。dissolve使溶解；使分解。disguise掩饰；假装。discount打折扣；低估。
20. The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have _____ supplies of petroleum.
A. proficient
B. efficient
C. potential
D. sufficient【答案】D【解析】句意：欧盟成员国一度担心他们没有足够的石油供应。sufficient足够的；充分的。proficient熟练的，精通的。efficient有效率的；有能力的。
21. Some people believe that since oil is scarce, the _____ of the motor industry is uncertain.
A. terminal
B. benefit
C. fate
D. estimate【答案】C【解析】句意：有些人认为，由于石油十分短缺，汽车制造业的前景无法确定。terminal末端；终点。
22. During the process, great care has to be taken to protect the _____ silk from damage.
A. sensitive
B. tender
C. delicate
D. sensible【答案】C【解析】句意：在这个过程中，人们十分注意保护精美的丝绸不受损害。delicate微妙的；精美的。sensitive敏感的。tender温柔的；柔软的。sensible明智的；通情达理的。
23. We are quite sure that we can _____ our present difficulties and finish the task according to schedule.
A. get across
B. get over
C. get away
D. get off【答案】B【解析】句意：我们十分确定我们可以克服当前困难，按期完成任务。get over克服；恢复。get across通过；使……被理解。get away离开；逃脱。get off动身；免于受罚。
24. The old paper mill has been _____ to make way for a new shopping centre.
A. cut down
B. kept down
C. torn down
D. held down【答案】C【解析】句意：为了给新购物中心腾出地方，这座旧造纸厂已经被拆除。tear down拆除；拆毁。cut down削减；砍倒。keep down控制；镇压。hold down抑制；压制。
25. In my opinion, he’s _____ the most imaginative of all the contemporary poets.
A. in all
B. at best
C. for all
D. by far【答案】D【解析】句意：在我看来，他是当代最有想象力的诗人。四个选项中只有by far可以放在最高级前作程度副词。for all尽管；虽然。
26. What a lovely party! It’s worth _____ all my life.
A. remembering
B. to remember
C. to be remembered
D. being remembered【答案】A【解析】句意：真是一次令人愉快的聚会！我一辈子都会记住它。worth后面可以接动名词，须用主动形式来表示被动含义。
27. After working all day, he was so tired that he was in no _____ to go to the party with us.
A. mood
B. emotion
C. sense
D. taste【答案】A【解析】句意：工作一整天后，他十分疲惫，没心情跟我们一起去聚会。in no mood没有心情。
28. It’s good to know that quite a few popular English expressions actually _____ from the Bible.
A. acquire
B. derive
C. result
D. obtain【答案】B【解析】句意：很多流行的英语表达实际上出于圣经，知道这一事实很有趣。derive from源出，来自。
29. According to the key witness, a peculiarly big nose is the criminal’s most memorable facial _____.
A. feature
B. signature
C. hint
D. spot【答案】A【解析】句意：主要目击者称，鼻子很大是罪犯最令人难忘的面部特征。signature署名；签名。facial feature面部特征。
30. Research shows that there is no _____ relationship between how much a person earns and whether he feels good about life.
A. successive
B. sincere
C. significant
D. subsequent【答案】C【解析】句意：研究表明，一个人赚多少钱与其是否对生活满意之间没有明显的关系。subsequent后来的，随后的。successive连续的；继承的。
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Section 1 (20 points)
Directions: There are 2 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage A
The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may scar a child’s personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.
Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone—far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not so widespread today if parents, care takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children’s development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly, why more and more patents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.
1. This passage mainly centers on _____.
A. infants under the age of three should not be sent to nursery schools
B. whether children under the age of three should go to nursery schools
C. there is not negative long-term effect on infants who are sent to school before they are three
D. there is some negative effect on children who are sent to school after the age of three
2. The phrase “predispose to” in the first paragraph most probably means _____.
A. relieve
B. influence favorably
C. dispose of
D. tend to suffer
3. According to Bowlby’s belief, it is quite possible that _____.
A. men’s personalities will be changed to some extent through separation from their parents
B. early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children
C. children will be exposed to potential negative effects from early day care later on
D. some long-term effects can hardly be predicted
4. Those who are against the conclusion drawn from Bowlby think that _____.
A. traditional societies separate the child from the parent at an early age
B. day care does not necessarily have a negative effect on children
C. a child did not live together with parents among Ngoni
D. children do emotional problems when separated from parents
5. The writer concludes that _____.
A. it is difficult to make clear what is the right age for nursery school
B. it is not settled now whether early care is reasonable for children
C. it is not beneficial for children to be sent to nursery school
D. it is reasonable to subject a child above three to nursery school【答案与解析】
1.B 第一段提出，有的人认为“...children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three”，后面说到也有一些反对这一结论的观点，后文针对这一话题进行了讨论。
2.D 根据宾语“emotional problems”即可知句意，这些孩子们在今后的生活中容易遇到情感问题。
3.C 由最后一段“But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects”可知，“early day care”的影响会延迟。
4.A 由第二段“...the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies”可知，反对第一段结论的人认为，在传统社会中，孩子与父母很早就分开。
5.D 最后一段作者的结论为“...experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.”，也就是把三岁以上的孩子送到托儿所是合理的。Passage B
Getting ready to go back to school in the good old days of, say, 1998 meant a few trips to the mall and a quick check of the bus route. This year, for many patents, there are some new things to remember: The teacher’s e-mail address, the school’s website and which night online homework helps chat will be offered. “The 1999-2000 school year will be the one when the majority of parents really feel the Internet’s influence on their children’s education everyday level,” says Jonathan Carson, chairman of the Family Education Co., which offers a parenting website at www.family education.com and a framework for local schools to create and maintain their own sites.
This year promises to show a quantum leap in the spread of school technology: Parents in many districts can expect to be able to check the school lunch menu, read class notes, see activity calendar and view nightly homework assignments—all online. “The schools are wired.” says Carson. “A majority of parents now have access and the educators are ready to go.”
Over the summer, parents of high school German students in Ithaca, N.Y. got to be part of a class to Europe, through their home computers. The class brought a digital camera and laptop with them to Germany and documented their visit on their web page. Hazy Ash, father of 16-year-old traveler Brian, found it reassuring to see his son’s smiling face from half a world away. Before their kids left, parents had choked the site for scheduling information, a list of activities and advice on cultural differences.
When it’s designed well, a district, school or classroom website can change the relationship between the parents and the school, says Cynthia Lapier, Ithaca’s director of information and instructional technology. “The more you can involve parents in school, the better,” Lapier says. “The technology gives us another way to reach them, especially parents of secondary school students, who tend to be less involved.”
Ithaca high school physics teacher, Stever Wirt, gets e-mail from parents regularly, some from the parents he believes might otherwise not pick up the phone with a concern. Using reviewing for a quiz or discussing homework problems.
The way things are going, by the end of this year, many parents may be fully converted-and in fact dependent upon their schools’ technological capabilities. At a recently wired school in Novi, Michigan, the school webmaster was just a few hours late posting the lunch-menu calendar on the website. In that time, more than a dozen parents called him by telephone to request the information. “A year ago, it never would have been there, “says Carson. And now patents are finding it’s tough to get by without it.
6. Many parents now remember the teacher’s e-mail address and the school’s website because _____.
A. by doing so they needn’t go to the store to buy stationery for their children
B. they can reach their children’s school and the teachers without traveling there
C. the e-mail and the website can help them find out what their children do
D. they can observe how the Internet affect their children’s education every day
7. “The schools are wired. A majority of parents now have access and the educators are ready to go.”(Para. 2) means that _____.
A. the schools and paints are connected by the Intent so that teachers will leave school
B. parents can find out what happens to their children in school by visiting Internet
C. parents and educators may discover that schools are strange by using computers
D. the schools are online and parents now can teach their children and the teachers are to go
8. The example of Ithaca high school is used to show _____.
A. how important the school website is for parents to be involved in education
B. that the school online can reassure the parents about what their children do
C. how the parents of the students got to be part of a class trip to Europe
D. it is more likely for parents to send teachers e-mails than to phone them
9. According to the last paragraph, the attitude of parents towards the lunch-menu calendar on the website is _____.
A. reliant
B. optimistic
C. biased
D. opposite
10. According to this passage, which of the following will be changed most?
A. The relationship between teachers and schools.
B. The connection between students and schools.
C. The relationship between parents and schools.
D. The association between websites and schools.【答案与解析】
6.C 根据第二段第二句“Parents...check the school lunch menu, read class notes, see activity calendar and view nightly homework assignments-all online.”可知，网络可以帮助家长了解学生在学校各方面的情况，掌握相关的信息。
7.B 这句话表明网络为学校、教师和家长提供了利用现代科学技术的便利条件。
8.A 第三段中“...parents of high school...got to be part of a class to Europe, through their home computers”说明了网络技术在教育中起到越来越重要的作用，信息技术可以促使一切因素参与学校教育。
9.A 由最后一段“And now patents are finding it’s tough to get by without it.”可知，家长已经离不开学校提供的网络服务了。
10.C 根据第四段“When it’s designed well, a district, school or classroom website can change the relationship between the parent and the school”可知，如果一个地区、学校或教室的网站设计得好，便会改善家长与学校之间的关系。
Section 2 Answering questions (20’)
Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.
Questions 1-3:
George Washington Carver showed that plant life was more than just food for animals and humans. Carver’s first step was to analyze plant parts to find out what they were made of. He then combined these simpler isolated substances with other substances to create new products.
The branch of chemistry that studies and finds ways to use raw materials from farm products to make industrial products is called chemurgy. Carver was one of the first and greatest chemurgists of all time. Today the science of chemurgy is better known as the science of synthetics. Each day people depend on and use synthetic materials made from raw materials. All his life Carver battled against the disposal of waste materials, and warned of the growing need to develop substitutes for the natural substances being used up by humans.
Carver never cared about getting credit for the new products he created, lie never tried to patent his discoveries or get wealthy form them. He turned down many offers to leave Tuskegee Institute to become a rich scientist in private industry. Thomas Edison, inventor of the electric light, offered him a laboratory in Detroit to carry out food research when the United States government made him a collaborator in the Mycology and Plant Disease Survey of the Department of Agriculture. He accepted the position with the understanding that he wouldn’t have to leave Tuskegee, An authority on plant disease—especially of the fungus variety-Carver sent hundreds of specimens to the United States Department of Agriculture. At the peak of his career, Carver’s fame and influence were known on every continent.
1. What is the main topic of this passage?
2. According to the passage, give a definition of chemurgy.
3. What is the main concern of Carver all his life?【答案与解析】
1. The work and career of George Washington Carver, a great chemurgist.（从文章的第一句“George Washington Carver showed that plant life was more than just food for animals and humans”和最后一句“At the peak of his career, Carver’s fame and influence were known on every continent”以及全文的内容可看出，全文是在介绍Carver在植物方面的研究对世界所产生的影响。）
2. Chemurgy is the development of industrial products from farm products.（第二段第一句对chemurgy的定义为“The branch of chemistry that studies and finds ways to use raw materials from farm products to make industrial products is called chemurgy.”）
3. The main concern of him is the disposal of waste materials.（由第二段最后一句“All his life Carver battled against the disposal of waste materials, and warned of the growing need to…”可知，卡弗一生中最担心的是垃圾的处理。）
Questions 4-5:
In one very long sentence, the introduction to the U.N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of all the peoples whose governments joined together to form the U.N.“We the peoples of the U.N. determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our life time has brought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can he mentioned, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for those ends, to practise tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all people, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims”.
The name “United Nations” is accredited to U.S President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member states met and signed a declaration of common intent on New Year’s Day in 1942, Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944. These proposals modified after deliberation at the conference of International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the U.N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June
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