作者：李清如
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和外国人谈职场那点事儿试读：
和外国人谈职场那点事儿
作者：李清如排版：昷一本书由北京明天远航文化传播有限公司授权北京当当科文电子商务有限公司制作与发行。— · 版权所有 侵权必究 · —和外国人谈职场那点事儿最实用的话题，最地道的表达，最实用的词汇，助您突破英语口语瓶颈，实现与老外进行深层次对话和交流；玩转英语口语，见老外不再有口难开；打造沟通高手，说英语也能出口成章；与老外聊天最实用的话题，最原生态的会话场景。
本书不同于一般的英语口语学习书，所选取的每一个话题都是从老外的角度出发，找出他们最感兴趣的话题。每个话题都独立成篇，读者可以根据自己的兴趣从中选取最感兴趣的话题进行练习。
本书语言生动、简洁，让读者在学习地道英语的同时也能感受到英美国家的世风民情。对话中大量的英语固定表达，使您能够非常准确、得体、幽默地与老外进行深度对话。
Gender Discrimination性别歧视
性别歧视指一种性别成员对另一种性别成员的不平等对待，尤其是男性对女性的不平等对待。两性之间的不平等，造成社会的性别歧视。男女平等，无论是西方民主国家，还是东方文明古国，无论社会制度如何差异，还是平等呼声如何高昂，归根结底，都未能从真正意义上求得平等，最多只能谈得上是较之以往有所改善。用一个最简单的道理讲，那就是：如果真正实现了平等，那么人们还会对这种平等进行不间断地强烈呼吁吗？
What is gender discrimination
什么是性别歧视
Gender discrimination, also known as sexual discrimination, is the practice of letting a person’s sex unfairly become a factor when deciding who receives a job, promotion, or other employment benefit. It most often affects women who feel they have been unfairly discriminated against in favor of a man. But there have also been cases where males have claimed that reverse discrimination has occurred―that is, the woman received unfairly favorable treatment at the expense of the man.
Court rulings handed down through the years have determined that a company’s responsibility not to discriminate based on sex begins even before an individual is hired. Companies can be held liable if pre-employment screening or testing is determined to be discriminatory, if applications ask unacceptable questions designed to screen for sex, or if the overall selection process is deemed to be unfair. One of the main indicators that gender discrimination has occurred in the hiring process involves the qualifications of the job applicants. While a slight difference in qualifications between a female and a male candidate does not automatically indicate gender bias (if a lesser qualified male candidate is hired instead of a female candidate, that is), a drastic difference in qualifications has almost always been upheld by the courts as a sure sign of gender discrimination. For example, if a male who dropped out of high school without receiving a diploma is hired in an administrative position over a female who had obtained her master’s degree, then it is likely bias was a factor.
In addition to gender discrimination in hiring and other circumstances, there is a particular form of sexual discrimination called sexual harassment. This form of discrimination involves inappropriate words or actions of a sexual nature directed at an employe by employees of the opposite sex. To meet the criteria for harassment, the behavior in question must be both unwanted and sexual in nature. The U.S. legal system has determined that there are two main types of sexual harassment. “Quid pro quo”, or “this for that”, occurs when one employer offers another employee a job or benefit, or threatens to deny that job or benefit, unless sexual favors are granted. A “hostile work environment” occurs when an employee, or a group of employees, repeatedly make lewd comments or suggestive noises, make unwanted sexual advances, or otherwise use sex to such a degree that the behavior interferes with another employee’s ability to perform her job, or she feels intimidated or threatened on the job.
自20世纪80年代以来，中国的出生人口性别比例(male-female birth ratio)逐渐升高，在部分省份男女性别比达到130:100。据研究，按现在的性别比例(sex ratio)，20年后将有数千万男子成为光棍（bachelor）。男性过剩会造成婚姻挤压，导致May-December 老夫少妻婚姻（marriage）的增加。要让男女性别比逐渐实现均衡，就要在各方面实现性别平等（gender equality），消除性别歧视（gender discrimination），严格限制产前性别选择（prenatal gender selection）的行为。
Key words & Sentences
关键词句全知道
The sex discrimination act defines two kinds of sex discrimination, direct and indirect.《反性别歧视法》阐释了直接歧视和间接歧视。
Is there sex discrimination in your company?
你们公司有没有性别歧视？
Gender equity education refers to eliminate gender discrimination and promote substantive gender equality through education.
性别平等教育是指以教育的方式消除性别歧视，促进性别地位之实质平等。
She was offended at/by his sexist remarks.
他那些性别歧视的话把她惹恼了。
The government is waging a campaign against sex discrimination in industry.
政府正在展开反对工业界性别歧视的运动。
They prefer to skate around the issue of sex discrimination.
他们不愿多触及性别歧视的问题。
At a deeper level, it has a sexist component.
在更深一层意义上，它含有性别歧视的成分。
She filed a suit against the college for sex discrimination.
她对那所大学提出性别歧视的诉讼。
Experienced observers used to insist that outright sexual discrimination is not common.
有经验的观察者往往断言，单纯的性别歧视，并不是普遍存在的。
There is no sex discrimination here and people get equal pay for equal work.
这里没有性别歧视，同工同酬。
Conversion of sexist English into nonsexist English is not a quick fix-it is anything but mechanical.
将性别歧视的英语转变为非性别歧视的英语不是权宜之计，这一过程只是机械性的改变，别无意义。
The examples chosen are carefully non-sexist.
例句经过认真挑选，没有性别歧视之嫌。
Gender discrimination is an important aspect of social inequality in the United States.
性别歧视是美国社会不平等的一个重要方面。
Gender discrimination commonly exists in the process of job hunting.
性别歧视普遍存在于求职过程中。
The male-female birth ratio is imbalance because of gender discrimination.
由于性别歧视，新生婴儿的比例严重失调。
Let’s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Amanda: You look unhappy, what happened to you?
阿曼达：你看上去不高兴，怎么了？
Rachael: I just had a quarrel with my boss.
瑞秋：我刚刚和老板争论了一番。
Amanda: What’s the matter?
阿曼达：怎么回事？
Rachael: Because I have been denied a chance to go abroad for a training course.
瑞秋：因为我被剥夺了一次去国外进修的机会。
Amanda: Really? Are you a qualified candidate?
阿曼达：真的吗？你是合格的人选吗？
Rachael: Well, by qualification I am the ideal choice--a college degree, a working knowledge of English.
瑞秋：哎，论资格我是最合适的人选――本科毕业，能应用英语。
Amanda: So, what’s the final choice then?
阿曼达：那最后选谁了？
Rachael: The final choice fell on a young man inferior to me in every respect. So, I’m very upset and want to know why.
瑞秋：最后被选上的是一个各方面都不如我的男青年，所以我心里很难受并且想知道为什么会是这样。
Amanda: What did your boss explain?
阿曼达：你的老板是怎么解释的？
Rachael: He said that they did think of sending me but decided against it, just because I’m a girl.
瑞秋：他说确实想派我去，但是又否定了原来的决定，就是因为我是个女的。
Amanda: Why couldn’t a girl go abroad?
阿曼达：为什么女孩子就不能出国呢？
Rachael: My boss just said it couldn’t be convenient for a girl to be on here own in a foreign country as there was only one vacancy.
瑞秋：老板说因为只有一个名额，而一个女孩子单独在外是很不方便的。
Amanda: The gender discrimination commonly exists everywhere.
阿曼达：任何地方都存在性别歧视。
Rachael: That’s unfair.
瑞秋：这不公平。
Amanda: But we cannot change it in the short term. Maybe gender equality can be realized some day in the future.
阿曼达：但是我们在短时间内也不能改变这一现象。或许在未来某一时间性别平等能够实现。
Rachael: I really hope so.
瑞秋：我真希望如此。
Slack Birds倦鸟族
这类人患上了我们通称的“职业倦怠”，最常见的表现是：工作时常感到精疲力竭、容易情绪波动，经常妄自菲薄，服务质量下降，工作欠缺主动性，频繁跳槽，工作效率低等。 与过去相比，现在的年轻人似乎更容易出现职业倦怠。
What is slack birds
什么是倦鸟族
In modern society, people are divided into different groups according to their features, such as the “thumb tribe”, the “moonlight clan”, the “strawberry generation”, the “rush-to-get-pregnant tribe”, the “quirky alone” and the “ant tribe”. Now there is another group of people named the “slack birds”. “Slack” means “sluggish” and “indolence” in addition to “tired” while the word “bird” can be used as the popular name of human beings.
These “slack birds” suffer from an illness of “business tiredness” with its common performance of frequently feeling exhausted while working, easy to get emotional swing, always thinking lightly of themselves, suffering a decrease of working quality, lacking working activity, frequent job-hopping and low working efficiency.
Many young people don’t have an obvious career planning. They don’t know what they want and change jobs again and again without any goals. Because lacking the enthusiasm on work, they are unwilling to devote themselves to their job or feel frustrated while working. Their negative attitude towards working not only prevents their own development, but cause severe effect on the companies, which suffer the decrease of service quality and instability of employment.
Apart from the reason of employees themselves, the employers are another aspect that should be responsible for this situation. High threshold and low salary hinders people from finding a satisfying job that they are interested in. In order to survive in this high competitive society, many people, especially graduate students chose the jobs that they don’t like or even not familiar with. They work just for making live rather than for fun, the result of which is obvious.
For the purpose of resoling this problem, the government should offer more opportunities for people. Working in the field that they are interest in can fully explore their potential capacity and make more contribution to the whole society.
倦鸟族 (slack birds )，倦鸟中的“倦”除指包含疲倦之意外，还有懈怠、懒散、低迷的意思，因此疲倦(tired)一词难以表达出该词的全部信息。考虑到“倦鸟”之“倦”的特定含义，不妨以“slack”一词译之。另外，在英语中,“bird”(鸟)一词也可用做“人”的俗称,因此,综合以上分析,“倦鸟族”可译为“slack birds”。
Key words & Sentences
关键词句全知道
Have you ever heard about “slack birds”?
你听说过“倦鸟族”吗？
Now there are a group of people who are named as “slack birds”.
现在有一类人被称为“倦鸟族”。
Are you a “slack birds”?
你是一个“倦鸟族”吗？
The “slack birds” always feel frustrated while working.“倦鸟族”在工作是经常感到精疲力竭。
The “slack birds” are another group of people apart from the “thumb tribe” and the “moonlight clan”.“倦鸟族”是除了“拇指族”，“月光族”之外的另一类人群。
The “slack birds” always look down upon themselves and believe that they cannot handle anything well.“倦鸟族”常常妄自菲薄，认为自己什么也做不好。
In order to find a satisfying job, the “slack birds” frequently change their jobs.
为了寻求一份满意的工作，“倦鸟族”很频繁地换工作。
The “slack birds” have negative effect on both themselves and the companies.“倦鸟族”对于其自身和公司的发展都有消极的影响。
My friend is a “slack bird” whose working efficiency is very low and lack activity.
我的朋友是个“倦鸟族”，他每天工作效率都很低，也缺乏主动性。
The government and society should offer more occupation for graduate students for the purpose of the generation of “slack birds”.
政府和社会应当为毕业生提供更多的岗位以避免“倦鸟族”的产生。
The generation of the “slack birds” is partly due to their own factors and partly by force of society.“倦鸟族”的形成一部分归因于其自身的原因，另一方面也是迫于社会的压力。
The “slack birds” always lack obvious career planning.“倦鸟族”通常没有明确的职业规划。
For avoiding becoming “slack birds”, people should firstly increase their professional quality and set up their career targets.
要避免成为“倦鸟族”首先要提高自己的职业素养，确立自己的职业目标。
The formation of “slack birds” is closely connected with the social environment they’re in.“倦鸟族”的形成与他们所处的社会环境紧密相关。
The “slack birds” should arouse social comprehensive attention.“倦鸟族”应当引起社会的广泛关注。
Let’s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Bob: Justin, you look languish, what’s the matter?
鲍勃：贾斯汀，你看上去无精打采的，怎么了？
Justin: I don’t want to work and feel boring.
贾斯汀：不想工作，感觉很无聊。
Bob: You’ve just change a job for one month, still unsatisfied?
鲍勃：你换了这份工作才一个月啊，还是不满意吗？
Justin: There are huge differences from my ideal job.
贾斯汀：和我理想的工作还是有不小差距。
Bob: Do you refer to the major or income?
鲍勃：你是指专业还是收入？
Justin: Both. I was major in computer, while this job is selling. There are huge amount of work with low salary.
贾斯汀：专业和收入都不满意。我学的是计算机专业，但是现在的工作却是销售。每天工作量很大而且收入不高。
Bob: Why not to find a computer-related job?
鲍勃：为什么不找一份计算机相关的工作呢？
Justin: There are too many people who specialize in computer. I have no any advantages.
贾斯汀：学计算机的人太多了，我没有任何优势。
Bob: Since you’ve chosen this selling job, you should spare no efforts to do it well. Maybe you can be interested in this job gradually.
鲍勃：既然已经选择了销售这份工作，就应该努力做好。或许你会逐渐对这份工作产生兴趣。
Justin: To be frank, I’d like to change another job.
贾斯汀：说实话，我还想换一份工作。
Bob: You are really a “slack birds”.
鲍勃：你真是一个“倦鸟族”。
Justin: What is “slack birds”?
贾斯汀：什么是“倦鸟族”？
Bob: “Slack bird” refers to those who lack enthusiasm to their job with low efficiency and frequently change their jobs.
鲍勃：“倦鸟族”就是指对工作缺乏热忱，工作效率低下，经常跳槽的人。
Justin: It seems that there are many people who face the same problem as me.
贾斯汀：看来很多人和我有着同样的困扰。
Bob: You should change your attitude towards job, work actively and enjoy it.
鲍勃：你应该改变对于工作的态度，积极地工作并从中发现乐趣。
Justin: Maybe you’re right. Continuously changing job is not a good choice.
贾斯汀：或许你说的是对的，不停地换工作的确不是好的选择。
Bob: Come on, I believe that you must be succeed in this field.
鲍勃：加油，我相信你一定会在这个领域有所建树的。
Justin: Thank you for your remind and encouragement.
贾斯汀：谢谢你的提醒和鼓励。
Part-time Job兼职
兼职，区别于全职，是指职工在本职工作之外兼任其他工作职务。兼职者除可以领取本职工作的工资外，还可以按标准领取所兼任工作职务的工资。
在西方国家指有较高专业知识和实际经验的专家、学者、实业家同时兼任两个或两个以上的职业。兼职制度无论对个人还是社会都有益。
从个人角度看，同时从事两种职业（如在大学教课同时在企业任职，或同时在两所大学、两个企业任职）对补充自己的知识和工作经验是有益的。
从社会看，在缺乏某种人才时，允许兼职工作，有利于人才潜力的发挥和知识的传播。
What is part-time job
什么是兼职
There is an issue which discuss about whether part-time job is advisable for a student to have. An increasing number of college coordinators realize that part-time job will exert positive influences on college study. On the contrary, there is also a growing opposition among scholastic who complain that part-time job pulls students’ focus out of college curriculum. In the following discussion, I would like to unfold evidences favoring my eyes.
Students are able to learn knowledge superior in university from part-time job. For practical purpose, a part-time job related to their major gives students an exalted opportunity to apply the theories that they have learned in school. For instance, a student who takes a part-time job in a medical research lab may discover the significant sense, which means studying chemistry is for saving people’s lives. Actually, using the due time on their part-time, students prefect and relax themselves in the meanwhile. That is to say, students’ leisure time is not occupied with a decent part-time job. As a matter of fact, it is unhealthy for students to spare all time on their curriculum. As an old saying goes: all work and no play makes jack a dull boy. Besides, students can learn how to get along with people and know the society better by taking a part-time job. Finally, students can make some money, which helps to unload their families’ financial burden.
Of course, it may be true that part-time jobs disturb students’ focus on study in some conditions. Firstly, some students spend too much time doing part-time jobs while neglecting their studies. Secondly, when taking part-time jobs, the students may be distracted from their studies by the colorful lives in the society. Thirdly, some students may be cheated or hurt by their employers, because they don’t know how to protect themselves. However, these negatives do not constitute of a sufficient support to ban part-time job in terms of students. Obviously, compare the advantage and disadvantage of both edges, the most striking conclusion is distinct.
Given the reasons discussed above, some affect though part-time jobs do have, it cannot conceal the herculean positive in the opposition. only by taking a part-time job can students gain knowledge preferably, only by taking a part-time job can students apply their major’s theories practically and only by taking a part-time job can students relax themselves effectually.
中国一般不实行兼职(part-time job)的政策，但在经济体制改革(the reform of economic system) 中, 允许职工在完成8小时工作任务外，利用业余时间从事第二职业(secondary occupation)，允许教师、科技人员(scientific worker)、律师(lawyer)在不影响本职工作的前提下兼职，并取得一定的报酬(reward)。此外，中国还有些兼职是不宜领取报酬的，如行政人员(clerical staff)兼教学，教师兼行政职务等。
Key words & Sentences
关键词句全知道
I’ve been doing a part-time job to earn some extra cash.
我在干一份临时工作，挣些外快。
For college students to do a part-time job will broaden their outlook.
打工使大学生开阔了眼界。
She got a part-time job to supplement the family income.
她找了一个兼职工作以补充家庭收入。
I once took a part-time job delivering the Evening Post.
我曾干过送晚报的兼职。
She’s looking for a part-time job.
她在寻找兼职工作.
“Bob, you should learn from you brother. He’s found a part-time job already.”
鲍勃，你应该向你哥哥学一学。他已经找到一份兼职工作。
By doing a part-time job, I can learn more.
通过做兼职工作，我可以学到更多。
I have an interview for a part-time job.
我要去参加兼职工作的面试。
Do you think the working experience of the part-time job is very important?
你认为兼职工作的经历是不是很重要？
I have a part-time job.
我有一份兼职的工作。
Many students take a part-time job.
许多学生在读书时都找一份兼职。
What do you think of part-time job?
你对打工怎样看待？
Have you found a part-time job yet?
你找到兼职的工作了吗？
My parents all encourage me to find a part-time job.
我的父母都鼓励我找一份兼职工作。
The students should find a part-time job on the assumption of not influencing their study.
学生要在确保学习不受影响的前提下做兼职工作。
Let’s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Elbert: Hello, I’m Albert. I read in the poster that you’re looking for a student to work as a language assistant.
艾伯特：嗨，你好，我叫艾伯特。我看了你们要招学生做语言助手的海报。
Alice: Yes, we are. Are you interested in the job?
爱丽丝：是的。你对这个工作感兴趣吗？
Elbert: I think so. But before I apply, could you tell me more about the work?
艾伯特：是的，我很感兴趣。但在我申请之前，你能否让我了解更多的情况呢？
Alice: Have you ever worked with tape recorders before?
爱丽丝：你以前曾做过磁带录音工作吗？
Elbert: I used cassette recorders a lot when I studied Japanese in senior middle school.
艾伯特：在高中我学习日语时，我经常使用盒式录音机。
Alice: Why do you want to work here as a part-timer?
爱丽丝：你为什么想在这里做兼职？
Elbert: First, I want to earn some money to support my study. Besides, I want to improve my language skills.
艾伯特：首先我想赚些钱来支持我的学业，另外也想提高我的语言能力。
Alice: Good. If you decide to take the job, I’ll explain how to operate the system. Are you sure?
爱丽丝：好的。假如你决定干这份工作，我将给你解说怎样操作系统。怎么样？
Elbert: Yes. How many hours should I work?
艾伯特：好的。要工作多少小时？
Alice: Ten hours a week. 4 to 6 p.m. everyday from Monday to Friday with 150 Yuan per week.
爱丽丝：每周十个小时，星期一至星期五的下午4点到6点，每周150元。
Elbert: OK, I’ll take the job.
艾伯特：好吧，我做这份工作。
Alice: Are you sure you can do the job well?
爱丽丝：你坚信你能做好这份工作吗？
Elbert: Yes, I’ll try my best to finish this job well.
艾伯特：是的，我会努力完成工作的。
Alice: Ok, Please fill out this application form.
爱丽丝：行，请填一下这张申请表。
Elbert: Thank you very much for giving me a chance.
艾伯特：非常感谢你能给我这个机会。
Career Planning职业规划
职业规划是指个人发展与组织发展相结合，在对个人和内外环境因素进行分析的基础上，确定一个人的事业发展目标，并选择实现这一事业目标的职业或岗位，编制相应的工作、教育和培训行动计划，对每一步骤的时间、项目和措施做出合理的安排。职业规划考虑的主要因素为：个人自身因素；所在组织所提供的发展条件的因素；社会环境所给予的支持和制约因素。
What is career planning
什么是职业规划
There are hundreds of career options out there. How do you make a career choice when you don’t really know what you want to do? Does it seem like an insurmountable task? It’s not. Yes, you will have to put some time and energy into making your decision, but your effort will be well worth it in the end.
There is great variety in the world of work. The task of selecting the right work from the thousands of available choices takes vocational planning. How do you make a career choice when you don’t really know what you want to do? Does it seem like an insurmountable task? It’s not. Individuals need to know many things about themselves and many things about the world of work. Although you will have to put some time and energy into making your decision, your effort will be well worth it in the end.
There are several factors to be considered when choosing a vocation. Each is essential to making a good vocational choice.
Aptitudes: What kinds of aptitudes do the individual have? What does one do well and enjoy doing? Is working with plants or animals, for example, or dealing with people a pleasant experience? Some people prefer to work alone. What seems easy for some may be difficult for others.
Interests: Another factor to consider is the individual’s interests. What school subjects does one like? What hobbies does a person have? These factors are clues to knowing the type of job to consider education and training.
Wages and salaries: Some jobs pay more than others. The more training a position requires, the more likely it is to pay a higher salary. Occupations that have a labor shortage tend to pay higher salaries than those for which there are many able candidates.
Physical demands: Choosing a vocation should also be done with a realistic attitude toward its physical demands in relation to one’s own physical attributes. The pursuit of a vocation is no time for wishful thinking or trying to reach far beyond one’s range of talents, experiences, and aptitudes. Vocational choice, however, is an opportunity to grow, improve oneself, and make a contribution to society.
职业规划(career planning)，是职业生涯规划的简称，就是对职业生涯乃至人生进行持续的系统的计划过程，它包括职业定位(position fixation)、目标设定(target setting)、通道设计(channel design)三部分内容。通常所说的职业生涯设计实际上是指对职业通道的设计。职业规划的主要特征包括：可行性(feasibility)，适时性(timeliness)，适应性(adaptability)和持续性(continuity)。
Key words & Sentences
关键词句全知道
It’s called Career Planning and Computer Applications, or CPCA for short.
这叫做职业规划和计算机应用，或者简称为CPCA。
This position will suit a person currently living in the Suzhou area with a stable work history, who wants to work for a professional Company and grow their long term career.
应聘者需要家在苏州，有稳定的工作经历并希望在专业的外资公司工作并有长远的职业规划。
He pointed out the direction of life to students of the university: let them walk fewer detours and view personal career planning sensible.
他为同学们的大学生活指明了方向，少走弯路，理智地看待个人的职业规划。
Based on your career plan, equip yourself with the qualifications you need. You don’t have to leave work to do this. There are many courses you can take outside work hours. Select the ones that will benefit you in the portfolio of jobs you will most likely be doing to which I referred previously.
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