作者：戴云,刘芸
出版社：浙江教育出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
冲托福105分核心词汇试读：
前言
托福（TOEFL iBT）是全球最受赞誉的英语能力考试之一。它由四部分组成：阅读（Reading）、听力（Listening）、口语（Speaking）、写作（Writing），满分为120分。高分词汇量要求为8000~10000。其实，无论听、说、读、写，获得理想成绩的前提都是词汇。只有熟练掌握适当的词汇，才能最大限度地提高总分，向异国求学的高远目标迈进。
但是，在备战托福的风雨征程中，“记单词”对于大多数考生来说似乎是一道极其难过的“坎儿”。在这道“坎儿”面前，大家必定期待拥有一种出奇制胜的法宝，它能时刻贴心相伴，并施展“八仙过海”的神奇功力，扫清前方阻碍，从而帮助你做到轻轻松松、开开心心地背单词，最终勇闯词汇关。
如此颇具浪漫色彩的愿望绝非虚幻的梦想。一套法宝丛书——“分级托福核心词汇系列丛书”正逐渐走进莘莘学子的备考生活。本套丛书共分为三册，即《冲托福90分核心词汇》、《冲托福105分核心词汇》和《冲托福120分核心词汇》。幸运的是，它们恰好具备考生梦寐以求的“闯关神通”：神通之一：词汇分级，针对性强
三本分册既循序渐进又相辅相成，编者按照领先的分级理念和科学的分级规则筛选词汇，使读者能够一步一个脚印地背诵并熟练掌握托福核心词汇。基础一般的考生可以先从较为简单常用的词汇开始背诵，选择《冲托福90分核心词汇》；而达到中等英语水平的考生可适当提高自己的起点，选择《冲托福105分核心词汇》；对于那些基础扎实、立志考取世界顶级名校的“学霸”，则可选择《冲托福120分核心词汇》，奋力向满分冲刺。神通之二：设计精妙，技巧性强
丛书内容精炼，突出词汇记忆之核心目标，且所有单词均根据其在真题中的出现频率而甄选，旨在减轻读者负担、提高备考效率。神通之三：装帧精巧，便携性强
整套丛书采用小开本印刷，但内容非常全面，可谓“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”。 因轻巧便携，考生可随身携带，随时翻阅，反复记忆。各分册简介：《冲托福90分核心词汇》
收录词汇1864个，涵盖了TPO高频词汇、近几年托福机经中出现的高频词汇，以及具有大学英语四级难度的重点词汇。每个词汇均配有相应的美语音标、中英文释义和例句，其中核心词汇均以粗体形式出现在例句中，部分词汇还提供了近义词或同义词、相关词组及其释义和例句。例句均选自托福真题以及权威词典。
例如：account [əˈkaʊnt]● description, explicationn.a theory which is intended to explain or describe something 解释，说明It gives a relatively unsophisticated account of human behavior.on account of因为，由于The manager had to step down on account of poor health.《冲托福105分核心词汇》
收录词汇2024个，涵盖了TPO中频词汇、近几年托福机经中出现的中频词汇，以及具有大学英语六级难度的重点词汇。每个词汇均配有相应的美语音标、中英文释义和例句，其中核心词汇均以粗体形式出现在例句中，部分词汇还提供了近义词或同义词、相关词组及其释义和例句。例句均选自托福真题以及权威词典。
托福阅读中有一种题型为词汇题，即选出四个选项里和文章中的某个词汇意义相同或相近的单词。比如，TPO 8中有这样一道题：
...It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings...
1.The word “massive” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A. ancient
B. carefully planned
C. very large
D. carefully protected
原题中的massive一词可在此分册中找到：massive [ˈmæsɪv]● huge, enormous, immense, giant, gigantic, colossal, vast, tremendousadj.very large in size, quantity, or extent 巨大的，庞大的，厚重的，强大的Universities were ill-equipped to meet the massive intake of students.
如果读者掌握了该词的英文释义，并且牢记其相应的近义词，便可轻松地选出正确答案C。《冲托福120分核心词汇》
收录词汇1485个，涵盖了TPO低频词汇、近几年托福机经中出现的低频词汇，以及具有大学英语专业八级难度的重点词汇。每个词汇均配有相应的美语音标、中英文释义和例句，其中核心词汇均以粗体形式出现在例句中，部分词汇还提供了近义词或同义词、相关词组及其释义和例句。例句均选自托福真题以及权威词典。比如，书中的penchant一词的例句（But neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itself leads to an autonomous theater.）就选自TPO 1中的The Origin of Theater原文。
那么，如何高效地利用该系列丛书掌握托福核心词汇呢？
答案很简单：千方百计、如醉如痴地背单词！技巧一：英文释义记忆法
书中为每个核心词汇均提供了准确的英文释义，考生可仔细研读，用心体会每个词所表达的最贴切含义。如此，当某词出现在托福阅读或听力文章中时，可避免对其产生误解，也可避免与类似单词混淆，进而提高做题的准确率。同时，还可避免在写作和口语的遣词造句中出现词语误用的情况。
我们不妨以peculiar一词为例，其贴切的英文释义为：very strange or unusual, sometimes in an unpleasant way，如果考生仅仅呆板地记住中文释义“不寻常的”，就容易忽略其“unpleasant”的负面内涵。技巧二：同、近义词联想记忆法
掌握英文释义之后，还要重视词汇的同义词或近义词，因为同、近义词是托福考查点之一，还因为这有助于考生事半功倍地扩充词汇量。也就是说，记住一个单词，可以顺带记忆多个相关词汇。
例如：在背诵issue一词时，可同时牢记problem, topic, theme, subject这四个词；在背诵largely一词时，可同时牢记mainly, chiefly, greatly, mostly, primarily, principally, generally等所有表达“大致上”这个概念的词汇。技巧三：例句记忆法
书中提供的经典例句生动地呈现核心词汇是如何正确运用的。考生可以通过精读、翻译和背诵例句，加深对目标词汇的印象，使其深深地刻在脑子里，即便是在气氛紧张的考场之上，也可以做到“记忆犹新”、 “信手拈来”。技巧四：造句记忆法
在牢固记忆书中经典例句的基础上，读者还可反复进行造句练习，最简单易行的方法就是进行词汇替换训练，即将部分单词替换成词性或词义相近的词，模仿造出若干个类似的句子。这种方法有助于考生做到“举一反三”，更进一步加深对核心词汇的理解。
比如，根据下列例句：In any event, the restaurant proved quite acceptable.可以造出如下的句子：In any case/Anyhow/At any rate, the apartment/hotel/supermarket turned out to be acceptable/laudable.技巧五：构词法记忆
对词形变化和规则的研究称为构词法。比起“死记硬背”，通过构词法剖析并记忆单词无疑是最为科学的词汇背诵法。其中，根据前缀、后缀构词规则背诵词汇值得一提。倘若考生在背诵核心词汇时掌握常用词缀的含义，并探寻多种构词规律，便能享受词汇累积过程中的无限乐趣。
例如，表示否定的词缀包括：in-, im-, il-, ir-, non-, dis-, de-, mal-, mis-等；由动词派生名词的后缀包括：-al, -ment等；动词后缀包括：-nate, -ize等。
当然，“条条大路通罗马”，上述词汇记忆技巧仅仅是较为典型的方法，考生还可在本套丛书的鼎力协助下，根据自己的学习习惯或偏好订制个性化的托福单词背诵方案。例如，有的考生想象力丰富，将难记的单词根据其读音、词源或词根含义联想为相关的有趣事物，加深印象；有的考生创造力极强，他们情愿亲手制作出精美的卡片，将重点单词及其相关内容写在上面，既可充当书签，又可作为巩固记忆的神器。
亲爱的读者朋友，我们坚信功夫不负有心人。在向托福高分甚至满分冲刺的征程中，有了这套“系列丛书”的指导，有了对梦想坚持不懈的追求，“记单词”这道“坎儿”即使再难，大家也必定会成功地跨越。
祝一切顺利！编者
Word List 01
abandon [əˈbændən]●desert,forsake,leave,give upv.to leave aplace,thing,or person permanently or for along time,especially when you should not do so离弃，遗弃，抛弃We had to abandon our abortive attempts.abolish [əˈbɑːlɪʃ]●cancel,repealv.to formally put an end to asystem or practice废除，废止These reforms will abolish racially discriminatory laws.aboriginal [ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənl]●originaladj.being or composed of people inhabiting aregion from the beginning土著的The Indians are the aboriginal Americans.absolutely [ˈæbsəluːtli]●indeed,surelyadv.totally and completely完全地，彻底地The cuisine is absolutely superb.absorption [əbˈsɔːrpʃn]n.the process of aliquid,gas,or other substance being soaked up or taken in吸收They work on aprinciple of heat absorption.abstraction [æbˈstrækʃn]n.a general idea rather than one relating to aparticular object,person,or situation抽象概念This higher level of abstraction will be flexible enough to support it.absurd [əbˈsɜːrd]●ridiculousadj.inconsistent with reason or logic or common sense荒谬的，荒唐的，不合理的It’s patently absurd not to wear acoat in such cold weather.abundance [əˈbʌndəns]●profusionn.a large quantity of something大量，丰富，充足There was an abundance of corn last year.academic [ˌækəˈdemɪk]adj.relating to the work done in schools,colleges,and universities教学的，学业的Her academic credentials are impeccable.accelerate [əkˈseləreɪt]●hurry,hasten,quicken,precipitatev.to get faster and faster（使）加快，（使）增速Our country should accelerate the economic growth.acceptable [əkˈseptəbl]●laudable,befitting,appropriate,suitableadj.worthy of acceptance or satisfactory认同的，认可的In any event,the restaurant proved quite acceptable.accessible [əkˈsesəbl]●attainable,reachableadj.easy to reach易到达的，易进入的The new museum must be accessible by public transport.accessory [əkˈsesəri]●addition,appendix,attachment,supplementn.items of equipment that are not usually essential附件，配件A radio is an accessory to acar.accidental [ˌæksɪˈdentl]●unanticipated,unforeseen,unintentionaladj.happening by chance or as the result of an accident,and not deliberately intended意外的，偶然（发生）的Our deterrent weapons are guarded against accidental explosion or use.accommodate [əˈkɑːmədeɪt]v.to have enough room for someone or something容纳Are there enough shelves to accommodate all our books?accomplish [əˈkɑːmplɪʃ]●complete,finish,end,close,conclude,terminatev.to succeed in doing something完成，达成It is earnestly hoped that you will accomplish the matter.accuracy [ˈækjərəsi]●correctnessn.the quality of being true or correct,even in small details精确（性），准确（性）There is need to check the accuracy of these figures.accustom [əˈkʌstəm]v.to make yourself or another person become used to something使习惯（于），使适应You must learn to accustom yourself to hard work.achiever [əˈtʃiːvər]n.someone who is successful in their studies or their work,usually as aresult of their efforts达到（特定程度）成就的人High achievers will receive cash bonuses.acoustic [əˈkuːstɪk]adj.(of amusical instrument or performance)designed to make natural sound,not sound produced by electrical equipment原声的She was backed by acoustic guitar,bass and congas.acquire [əˈkwaɪər]●obtain,gain,get,win,earn,securev.to buy or obtain something for yourself,or to gain it from others获得，购得I tried to acquire the information Ineeded.activate [ˈæktɪveɪt]●actuate,stimulatev.to cause something to start working使运作，激活These push buttons can activate the elevator.acupuncture [ˈækjupʌŋktʃər]n.the treatment of aperson’s illness or pain by sticking small needles into their body at certain places针灸（疗法）Acupuncture has aharmonizing and energizing effect on mind and body.adaptation [ˌædæpˈteɪʃn]●accommodation,transformation,moderationn.the act of changing something or changing your behavior to make it suitable for anew purpose or situation适应Most living creatures are capable of adaptation when compelled to do so.adaptive [əˈdæptɪv]●adjustable,adaptableadj.having the ability or tendency to adapt to different situations适应的，有适应能力的Societies need to develop highly adaptive behavioral rules for survival.addict [ˈædɪkt]v.to cause someone or oneself to become dependent on somthing使沉溺，使上瘾Many teenagers are addicted to computer games.additional [əˈdɪʃənl]●extra,supplementaryadj.existing or coming by way of addition额外的，附加的，添加的The government will direct the additional taxes to the educational reform.adept [əˈdept]●skillful,proficient,aptadj.having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude熟练的，擅长的，内行的She is adept at needlework.adhere [ədˈhɪr]v.to act in the way that arule or agreement says you should遵守，遵循She adhered to the strict Islamic dress code.adjacent [əˈdʒeɪsnt]●adjoining,boderingadj.next to each other邻近的，毗连的We work in adjacent rooms.adjective [ˈædʒɪktɪv]n.a word that describes aperson or thing,or gives extra information about them形容词An attributive noun functions as an adjective.adjoin [əˈdʒɔɪn]●borderv.to be next to each other紧挨，邻接，毗连The two houses adjoin.administer [ədˈmɪnɪstər]●control,direct,govern,manage,rule,supervisev.to take responsibility for organizing and supervising something治理，管理They had the right to administer their own internal affairs.administration [ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn]n.the range of activities connected with organizing and supervising the way that an organization or institution functions管理，经营The Chief Executive should be experienced in business administration.administrative [ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtɪv]●regulatory,executive,managerialadj.connected with organizing the work of abusiness or an institution经营的，管理的He is among the few aspirants with administrative experience.adolescent [ˌædəˈlesnt]●young,youthful,juvenileadj.describing young people who are no longer children but who have not yet become adults青少年的，青春期的The adolescent period is aperson’s best time.adopt [əˈdɑːpt]v.to begin to have anew attitude,plan,or way of behaving采取，采纳We need to adopt amore pragmatic approach.adore [əˈdɔːr]●like,love,enjoy,fancy,preferv.to feel great love and admiration for someone热爱，爱慕We adore them for their generosity.adulthood [’ædʌlthʊd]n.the state of being an adult成年He is on the threshold of adulthood.advantageous [ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs]●beneficial,profitableadj.likely to benefit you有利的，有助的，有益的Free exchange of goods was advantageous to all.advent [ˈædvent]●onset,appearance,arrival,approachn.the fact of something starting or coming into existence出现，问世，到来Since the advent of atomic power,there have been great changes in industry.adventure [ədˈventʃər]n.an unusual,exciting,and rather dangerous journey or series of events冒险，奇遇The adventure changed the whole current of his life.adversely [ˈædvɜːrsli]adv.in away that is negative and unpleasant and not likely to produce agood result不利地The poorest of the poor are the most adversely affected.advocate [ˈædvəkət]●support,claimv.to recommend aparticular action or plan publicly拥护，提倡，主张The group does not advocate the use of violence.aerial [ˈeriəl]●airborneadj.being in or belonging to the air or operating in the air空气中的Aerial pollution is aproblem that should be solved.aesthetic [esˈθetɪk]adj.talking about beauty or art,and people’s appreciation of beautiful things审美的My aesthetic standards are quite different from his.affect [əˈfekt]●influence,impressv.to influence aperson or thing or cause them to change in some way影响，使改变This article will affect my thinking.affiliate [əˈfɪlieɪt]v.to form aclose connection with the larger organization or become amember of it隶属于，并入The Government will not allow the staff association to affiliate with outside unions.affirm [əˈfɜːrm]●assert,allege,maintain,testify,claimv.to state firmly and publicly that something is true or exists断言，申明Everything Ihad accomplished seemed to affirm that opinion.afflict [əˈflɪkt]●perturb,bother,agitatev.to affect you badly and make you suffer折磨，使痛苦Famine and war still afflict mankind.ageing [ˈeɪdʒɪŋ]n.the process of becoming old or becoming worn out变老，变旧Ageing is accompanied by aslow degeneration of his mental faculties.agency [ˈeɪdʒənsi]n.a business which provides aservice on behalf of other businesses经销，代理They even set up their own news agency.aggravate [ˈæɡrəveɪt]v.to make something or someone worse加重，使恶化，加剧Stress and lack of sleep can aggravate the situation.aggregate [ˈæɡrɪɡət]●totaladj.made up of several smaller amounts or scores added together总计的，合计的The rate of growth of GNP will depend upon the rate of growth of aggregate demand.aggression [əˈɡreʃn]n.a quality of anger and determination that makes you ready to attack other people好斗性，攻击性His relentless aggression bludgeons you into seeing his point.agitate [ˈædʒɪteɪt]●upset,agitate,disturbv.to worry you and make you unable to think clearly or calmly使焦虑Don’t agitate yourself over it.agony [ˈæɡəni]●anguish,torment,torture,grief,misery,distress,sorrown.great physical or mental pain极度痛苦He was in an agony of remorse.agrarian [əˈɡreriən]adj.relating to the ownership and use of land,especially farmland,or relating to the part of asociety or economy that is concerned with agriculture土地所有制的；耕地的，农业的This was afeature of agrarian development in Britain.ailment [ˈeɪlmənt]●sickness,illness,disease,feeblenessn.an illness,especially one that is not very serious疾病，病痛He got timely treatment for his ailment.albeit [ˌɔːlˈbiːɪt]conj.although尽管，即使Albeit difficult,the job is getting done.alert [əˈlɜːrt]●vigilant,watchfuladj.paying full attention to things around you and able to deal with anything that might happen警觉的，警惕的The cat is alert to every sound and movement.alien [ˈeɪliən]●extraneous,strange,foreignadj.belonging to adifferent country,race,or group,usually one you do not like or are frightened of外国的，异族的His work offers an insight into an alien culture.alienate [ˈeɪliəneɪt]●estrangev.to make someone become unfriendly or unsympathetic towards you使疏远Don’t alienate yourself from the masses.allergy [ˈælərdʒi]n.hypersensitivity reaction to aparticular allergen过敏反应I have an allergy to penicillin.alleviate [əˈliːvieɪt]●ease,mollify,solace,lessen,subdue,relax,mitigate,relievev.to make pain,suffering,or an unpleasant condition less intense or severe减轻，缓解The doctor gave her an injection to alleviate the pain.allocate [ˈæləkeɪt]●assign,distribute,dividev.to distribute according to aplan or set apart for aspecial purpose分配，分派Local authorities must allocate resources efficiently.allocation [ˌæləˈkeɪʃn]n.the decision that something should be given to aparticular person or used for aparticular purpose分配，分派Timber is under allocation at present.alloy [ˈælɔɪ]n.a metal that is made by mixing two or more types of metal together合金Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.allusion [əˈluːʒn]●reference,connotationn.an indirect reference to someone or something暗指，影射He made an allusion to asecret plan in his speech.alongside [əˌlɑːŋˈsaɪd]●beside,abreast,asideprep.next to在…旁边，沿着…的边They have docked arobot module alongside the orbiting space station.alternate [ˈɔːltərnət]●switch,interchangev.to swing back and forth between two states or conditions（使）交替，（使）轮流Wet days alternate with fine days.alternative [ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv]adj.allowing achoice备选的，备用的There are alternative methods of travel available.altitude [ˈæltɪtuːd]●height,elevationn.the height above sea level海拔The mountain has an altitude of1,000meters.amass [əˈmæs]●accumulate,collect,gather,heap,pilev.to gradually get alot of something积聚，收集The capitalists amass great wealth by exploiting workers.ambiguous [æmˈbɪɡjuəs]●vague,dim,indefinite,obscureadj.unclear or confusing because it can be understood in more than one way含糊不清的，模棱两可的Students have ambiguous feelings about their role in the world.amend [əˈmend]●correct,rectify,remedy,revisev.to change something that has been written in order to improve it or make it more accurate修改，修订The members voted to amend the constitution.ammunition [ˌæmjuˈnɪʃn]n.bullets and rockets that are made to be fired from guns弹药，军火The soldiers ran out of ammunition and had to withdraw.ample [ˈæmpl]●abundant,plentifuladj.more than enough in size or scope or capacity大量的，充裕的，丰富的His savings are ample to see him through this crisis.amplify [ˈæmplɪfaɪ]●enlarge,expand,increase,magnify,augmentv.to increase the size,volume or significance of something扩大，增强The new manager wants to amplify the company.amusement [əˈmjuːzmənt]●fun,interestn.the feeling that you have when you think that something is funny or amusing有趣，可笑To our amusement,the boy acted an old woman.analogous [əˈnæləɡəs]●comparable,similar,congruousadj.similar in some way相似的，类似的The two situations are roughly analogous.analogy [əˈnælədʒi]●similarity,resemblance,likenessn.partial similarity between two things that are compared类似，类推，类比There is an analogy between the way water moves in waves and the way light travels.analysis [əˈnæləsɪs]n.the process of considering something carefully or using statistical methods in order to understand it or explain it分析General analysis is followed by five case studies.animate [ˈænɪmeɪt]v.to make something lively or more cheerful使有生气，使活泼The girls watched,little teasing smiles animating their faces.announcer [əˈnaʊnsər]●broadcaster,newscaster,anchorn.someone who introduces program on radio or television or who reads the text of aradio or television advertisement广播员，播音员The announcer tells the listeners what program comes next.anonymous [əˈnɑːnɪməs]adj.having no known name or identity or known source匿名的，无名的An anonymous benefactor stepped in to provide the prize money.anthropologist [ˌænθrəˈpɑːlədʒɪst]n.a social scientist who specializes in anthropology人类学家The lecturer is an anthropologist.anthropology [ˌænθrəˈpɑːlədʒi]n.the scientific study of people,society,and culture人类学Social anthropology examines family relationships in detail.anticipate [ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt]●expect,foreseev.to realize in advance that something may happen and you are prepared for it预期，预料，预计We don’t anticipate any major problems.antiquity [ænˈtɪkwəti]n.extreme oldness古老，年代悠久The origins of this ancient structure are lost in antiquity.apparatus [ˌæpəˈrætəs]●instrument,device,equipment,tool,implement,appliancen.the equipment which is used to do aparticular job or activity器械，仪器，设备A nuclear reactor is the apparatus in which atoms are split.appease [əˈpiːz]●relieve,pacify,alleviatev.to try to stop someone from being angry by giving them what they want平息，安抚，抚慰The government tried to appease discontented workers.appendix [əˈpendɪks]n.extra information that is placed after the end of the main text附录There is an appendix at the back of the book.appliance [əˈpendɪks]●apparatus,instrument,device,equipment,tool,implement,installationn.a device or machine in your home that you use to do ajob电器，器械，装置He could also learn to use the vacuum cleaner,the washing machine and other household appliances.appraisal [əˈpreɪzl]●assessmentn.the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth评价，评估What’s your appraisal of the situation?apprentice [əˈprentɪs]●novice,learner,beginnern.a young person who works for someone in order to learn their skill学徒，徒弟He was an apprentice to amaster craftsman.approximately [əˈprɑːksɪmətli]●almost,nearly,about,around,roughlyadv.almost or nearly大约地，大概地There are approximately one million people in the city.apt [æpt]●fit,proper,suitable,appropriate,fittingadj.especially suitable合适的，恰当的The apt citations and poetic gems have adorned his speeches.aquatic [əˈkwætɪk]●oceanic,marineadj.living or growing on or in water水栖的，水生的Visitors can view arich and colorful array of aquatic plants and animals.aquifer [ˈækwɪfər]n.an area of rock underneath the surface of the Earth which absorbs and holds water地下蓄水层A confined aquifer is also known as apressure aquifer.Word List 02
arable [ˈærəbl]adj.capable of being farmed productively适于耕种的，可开垦的The terrain changed quickly from arable land to desert.arbitrary [ˈɑːrbətreri]●willfuladj.based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice武断的，任意的，任性的You can make an arbitrary choice.arc [ɑːrk]n.a smoothly curving line or movement弧形，弧线The rainbow described an arc in the dark sky.arcade [ɑːrˈkeɪd]●passageway,corridorn.a covered passage where there are shops or market stalls室内商场；拱廊At this time of the morning,the arcade was almost empty.arch [ɑːrtʃ]n.a structure that is curved at the top and is supported on either side by apillar,post,or wall拱，拱门，拱形结构试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]