作者：圣才电子书
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四川外国语大学翻译学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2010年四川外国语大学翻译学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
I. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate words derived from the words given in parentheses at the end of the sentences. (20ps.)
1．There is much _____ that Dickens was acknowledged among the lower classes as a friend of the poor man. (evident)【答案】evidence【解析】句意：有证据表明，狄更斯受到下层阶级的认可，被视为穷人的朋友。there is后面接名词，所以用evidence。
2．The frequent tavern scenes in Thackeray assume their significance _____ in relation to the question of gender and the gentleman. (precision)【答案】precisely【解析】句意：萨克雷作品中时常出现的小酒馆场景恰到好处地反映了关于性别和绅士的问题。precisely副词修饰动词assume。
3．The redefined category of the gentleman in the nineteenth-century infused class with virtue, providing for _____ and difference a moral argument that was nevertheless finally elusive. (distinctive)【答案】distinction【解析】句意：19世纪对绅士的重新定义将阶级与品德结合在一起，其中体现的道德观点和之前相比是不同的，但令人难以捉摸。and连接前后两词，形式应保持一致。所以用distinctive的名词形式distinction。
4．He _____ himself by his knowledge, his ability to apply it, and his willingness to act on it. (differ)【答案】differentiates【解析】句意：他因自己的知识、应用知识的能力和将知识付诸实践的意愿而与众不同。differ是不及物动词，表示不同，后面不能跟宾语himself。differentiate使……区别于别人。
5．The feelings the figures allow him to experience _____ their narrative and moral justification. (constituent)【答案】constitute【解析】句意：书中人物带给他的感受构成了他们叙事及道义上的理由。本句缺动词，所以用constitute，表示组成，构成。
6．In the most famous of the _____ tales, for instance, “The Tale of the Spaniard” Alonzo de Monçada tells the story of his own incarceration at the hands of the Inquisition. (interpolate)【答案】interpolated【解析】句意：在最著名的插入故事，如在《西班牙传说》中，莫宁蒙卡讲述了自己被关在宗教裁判所里的故事。interpolate（在文章中）插入，添加内容。它与tale是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
7．Not only can the British no longer preserve the order they take as a_____ for their rule; they are themselves responsible for its destruction. (justifiable)【答案】justification【解析】句意：英国再也无法维护被他们视为统治国家的正当理由的社会秩序。他们自己应该为国家的消亡负责。justifiable是形容词，意为“有理由的，正当的”。而不定冠词a后面跟名词，所以填justifiable的名词形式justification。
8．With regard to literary history, Smollett was the first of the major eighteenth-century British novelists to descant freely on the _____ between metropolitan arid provincial values. (dialectical)【答案】dialect【解析】句意：说到文学史，斯莫利特是第一位自由穿插使用城市和乡村方言的18世纪英国小说家。这里需要填名词dialect，表示“城市和乡村方言”。
9．I would like to see if we can, by _____ these comments, restore their roughness of surface and make them useful again. (highlight)【答案】highlighting【解析】句意：我想试一下，通过强调这些评论，能否恢复它们的本来面目，让它们再次变得有用。by是介词，表示“以……方式”，后面接v-ing形式。
10．The novel—either because of its formal freedom, or because of the kind of audience it attracted, or because the era was increasingly shaped by a mercantile cast of mind, or because of the fortuitous combination of all these factors—allowed for what we might call the _____ of personality. (commodify)【答案】commodification【解析】句意：无论是因为形式上的自由、它吸引的读者，还是因为这个被商业洗脑的时代，或是这些因素的偶然结合——小说允许我们的所谓人格商业化。这里意思是“人格的商业化”，of前应该用名词形式。
11．When he goes to America to fight in the war against the colonies, he is immediately captured and—in a _____ of the popular racist and sexist American captivity narratives—cared by a noble Indian chief. (subversive)【答案】subversion【解析】句意：他去美国参加对抗殖民地的战争，随即被捕并由一名高贵的印第安酋长照顾，这是对流行的带有种族主义、性别偏见的美国战俘文学的颠覆。不定冠词a一般修饰名词，所以应该填名词形式subversion。
12．The voice reminds the reader that Chartist disturbances _____ disprove the idea that some lasting good has come out of past actions. (constancy)【答案】constantly【解析】句意：这个声音提醒读者们，宪章派一直不赞同“过去的行为带来了一些好结果”，并由此引发骚乱。constantly副词形式修饰动词disprove。
13．The questions they _____ ask haunt the history of the novel, urging us to remember how uneasy English fiction has been with what does not exist. (repeat)【答案】repeatedly【解析】句意：他们反复提出的问题贯穿小说史，督促我们牢记英国小说的出现是多么不易。副词repeatedly（反复地）修饰动词ask。
14．_____ unusually for a novelist, Bennett was interested in the way people remain in ignorance of themselves, and in the way such ignorance creates an identity. (much)【答案】Most【解析】句意：班涅特对人们的自我忽视和这种忽视产生的自我认同很感兴趣，这对一个小说家来说很不寻常。这里用最高级表示不寻常的程度，更有强调效果。
15．Realism is not primarily a matter of confining a story to the realm of the possible or even the probable; rather, it involves a particular _____ position. (philosopher)【答案】philosophical【解析】句意：现实主义的首要特征不是将一个故事锁定到现实范围里，而是包含了特定的哲学定位。position为名词，应该用形容词修饰，所以填philosophical（哲学的）。
16．The demand that art serve the cause of social reform or revolution has at times seemed undeniable in this century of unprecedented _____ brutality. (institutionalize)【答案】institutional【解析】句意：在这个制度上的暴行已经是司空见惯的世纪，有时似乎无法否认一种需求——艺术是为社会改革或革命服务的。brutality（暴行）为名词，所以要用形容词形式institutional来修饰。
17．Joseph Conrad is not only one of the greatest _____ who has written in English, but he is particularly important for understanding twentieth-century British culture. (novel)【答案】novelist【解析】句意：约瑟夫·康拉德不仅是最伟大的英语小说家之一，对人们了解20世纪英国文化也有重要意义。由who引导的定语从句可知先行词是人，所以填novelist。
18．Today the novels of D. H. Lawrence occupy a _____ tenuous position in the canon of English literature than they did a generation ago. (much)【答案】more【解析】句意：与之前一代人比起来，如今D·H·劳伦斯小说的地位已经没有那么重要了。more…than固定搭配，表示两者间的比较。
19．_____ the most significant and demanding novels in the 1930s, James Joyce’s Finnegan’s Wake and Virginia Woolf’s The Waves, in different ways, seek to extend the linguistic and formal possibilities of fiction.(argue)【答案】Arguing【解析】句意：谈起20世纪30年代最重要、最著名的小说，詹姆斯·乔伊斯的《芬尼根守灵夜》和弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《海浪》通过不同的方式，试图扩展小说的语言和形式。现在分词形式做伴随状语。
20．Words do not imply what they mean, events are distorted by faulty recall, and appearances become reality with _____ speed. (frighten)【答案】frightening【解析】句意：文字没有隐含它们的意义，事件被带有偏差的回忆扭曲，表象以惊人的速度变成了现实。speed（速度）表示物，应该用frightening修饰，意为“惊人的”。
II. Vocabulary (l0ps)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1．I think that I committed a _____ in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.
A. blunder
B. revenge
C. reproach
D. scandal【答案】A【解析】句意：我犯了大错，因为我的问题看起来让她心烦意乱。blunder（因为无知、疏忽犯下的）愚蠢的错误。revenge报复。reproach责备。scandal丑闻。故选A。
2．Even when textbooks are _____ through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly.
A. commonplace
B. standardized
C. competitive
D. generalized【答案】B【解析】句意：尽管学校的课本是统一标准化的，但教学方式可能大相径庭。standardized统一的；标准化的。commonplace普通的；平庸的。competitive竞争的。generalized全面的；广泛的。故选B。
3．They have regarded a man of _____ and fairness as a reliable friend.
A. robustness
B. temperament
C. integrity
D. compactness【答案】C【解析】句意：人们认为一个正直公平的人是可靠的朋友。integrity正直；诚实。robustness稳健性；健壮性。temperament气质，性情。compactness简洁；紧密。integrity与fairness表达相应概念。故选C。
4．All individuals are required to _____ to the laws made by their governments.
A. obey
B. conform
C. concede
D. observe【答案】B【解析】句意：每个人都必须遵守政府制定的法律。conform to遵循；遵守。obey也表示“遵循；遵守”，但后面不需要接介词to。concede 出让，容许；承认。observe遵守（法规）；及物动词，后面直接加名词。故选B。
5．The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been _____.
A. identified
B. guaranteed
C. notified
D. conveyed【答案】A【解析】句意：尽管已经发现部分导致癌症的原因，但根本原因尚不明确。identify识别出；发现。guarantee保证；担保。notify通知；公布。convey表达。故选A。
6．It is very strange but I had an _____ that the plane would crash.
A. inspiration
B. intuition
C. imagination
D. incentive【答案】B【解析】句意：尽管听起来很奇异，但我确实觉得飞机会撞毁。intuition直觉。inspiration灵感；鼓舞人心的（事物）。imagination想象力；幻想物。incentive刺激；诱因。故选B。
7．The changing image of the family on television provides _____ into changing attitudes toward the family in society.
A. insights
B. presentations
C. revelations
D. specifications【答案】A【解析】句意：电视中家庭形象的转变使人们了解社会中家庭观的转变。insight了解；洞察力。provide an insight into固定搭配，意为“看透；充分了解”。presentation介绍；陈述。revelation显示；揭露。specification规格；说明书；详述。故选A。
8．The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax _____.
A. efficiency
B. revenues
C. privileges
D. validity【答案】B【解析】句意：这个镇的计划委员会说明年的经济前景相当乐观，预期税收会增加。tax revenue税收。efficiency效率。privilege特权。validity有效性；合法性。故选B。
9．Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become _____ at many survival skills.
A. proficient
B. persistent
C. consistent
D. sufficient【答案】A【解析】句意：在精通多种求生技能的残疾人当中，比尔是个典范。proficient精通的；常与skill搭配使用，表示娴熟的技术。persistent固执的；坚持的。consistent一致的；坚持的。sufficient足够的；充分的。故选A。
10．The ties that bind us together in common activity are so _____ that they can disappear at any moment.
A. trivial
B. fatal
C. tentative
D. feeble【答案】D【解析】句意：连接我们的纽带是如此脆弱，随时都有可能断裂。feeble脆弱的；易损的。trivial琐细的；微不足道的。fatal致命的。tentative试验性的；试探的。故选D。
11．During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to _____ building materials to the upper floors.
A. toss
B. tow
C. hoist
D. hurl【答案】C【解析】句意：在建设摩天大楼期间，人们用起重机将建筑材料吊起到高层。hoist吊起；举起；提升。toss突然抬起；使……上下摇动。tow拖；牵引；拽。hurl猛投；猛掷。故选C。
12．Diamonds have little _____ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.
A. extinct
B. permanent
C. surplus
D. intrinsic【答案】D【解析】句意：钻石本身没有什么价值，它们价格昂贵几乎完全是因为物以稀为贵。intrinsic本质的；固有的。extinct灭绝的。permanent永久的。surplus过剩的。故选D。
13．The kitchen was small and _____ so that the disabled could reach everything without difficulty.
A. conventional
B. compact
C. compatible
D. concise【答案】B【解析】句意：这间厨房小巧紧凑，残疾人可以方便取物。compact小巧的；紧凑的。conventional传统的。compatible合拍的；协调的。concise简洁的。故选B。
14．He will _____ resign in view of the complete failure of the research project.
A. doubtfully
B. adequately
C. presumably
D. reasonably【答案】C【解析】句意：鉴于此次调研项目完全失败了，他很有可能会辞职。presumably据推测；大概；可能。doubtfully怀疑地。adequately充足地；合适地。reasonably合理地；理性地。故选C。
15．The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable _____ his financial situation.
A. with respect to
B. in accord with
C. regardless of
D. in terms of【答案】C【解析】句意：我们的目标是让每个愿意学习、有学习能力的人接受高等教育，无论其家境如何。regardless of无论；不管。with respect to关于；至于。in accord with同……相符合；与……一致。in terms of依据；按照；在……方面。故选C。
16．The original elections were declared _____ by the former military ruler.
A. void
B. vulgar
C. surplus
D. extravagant【答案】A【解析】句意：前军事独裁者宣布原先的选举无效。void无效的。vulgar粗俗的。surplus过剩的。extravagant奢侈的；挥霍的。故选A。
17．They stood gazing at the happy _____ of children playing in the park.
A. perspective
B. view
C. landscape
D. scene【答案】D【解析】句意：他们站在那凝视着孩子们在公园里玩耍这一幸福场景。scene场景；情景；现场。perspective看法；想法。view风景；观点；想法。landscape风景。B、C和D三个选项都有“景色；风景”的意思，但只有scene还表达“场景；情景”的含义。故选D。
18．An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women’s status in society will _____ through the current law system in Japan.
A. permeate
B. probe
C. violate
D. grope【答案】A【解析】句意：上层社会对妇女社会地位的态度发生了明显的变化，这种变化将会渗透到对日本现行的法律体系。permeate渗透进；穿透；常与介词through搭配使用。probe调查；探测。violate违反；侵犯。grope摸索；探索。故选A。
19．When he realized he had been _____ to sign the contract by intrigue, he threatened to start legal proceedings to cancel the agreement.
A. elicited
B. excited
C. deduced
D. induced【答案】D【解析】句意：当他意识到他在诡计诱骗下签署了这份合同，他扬言要付诸法律取消这一合约。induce诱骗；哄骗。elicit抽出；引出；引起。excite激起；刺激……，使……兴奋。deduce 推论；推断；演绎出。故选D。
20．These areas rely on agriculture almost _____, having few mineral resources and a minimum of industrial development.
A. respectively
B. extraordinarily
C. incredibly
D. exclusively【答案】D【解析】句意：这些地区矿产资源贫乏，工业发展滞后，几乎完全依赖农业发展。exclusively排外的；专有的。respectively分别地；各自地。extraordinary非凡的；特别的。incredibly难以置信地；非常地。故选D。
III. Reading Comprehension (40ps)
Reading Passage 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
LET’S GO BATS
A. Bats have a problem: how to find their way around in the dark. They hunt at night and cannot use light to help them find prey and avoid obstacles. You might say that this is a problem of their own making, one that they could avoid simply by changing their habits and hunting by day. But the daytime economy is already heavily exploited by other creatures such as birds. Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favored bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade. It is probable that the nocturnal trades go way back in the ancestry of all mammals. In the time when the dinosaurs dominated the daytime economy, our mammalian ancestors probably only managed to survive-at all because they found ways of scraping a living at night. Only after the mysterious mass extinction of the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago were our ancestors able to emerge into the daytime in any substantial numbers.
B. Bats have an engineering problem: how to find their way and find their prey in the absence of light. Bats are not the only creatures to face this difficulty today. Obviously the night-flying insects that they prey on must find their way about somehow. Deep-sea fish and whales have little or no light by day or by night. Fish and dolphins that live in extremely muddy water cannot see because, although there is light, it is obstructed and scattered by the dirt in the water. Plenty of other modern animals make their living in the conditions where seeing is difficult or impossible.
C. Given the questions of how to maneuver in the dark, what solutions might an engineer consider? The first one that might occur to him is to manufacture light, to use a lantern or a searchlight. Fireflies and some fish (usually with the help of bacteria) have the power to manufacture their own light, but the process seems to consume a large amount of energy. Fireflies use their light for attracting mates. This doesn’t require a prohibitive amount of energy: a male’s tiny pinprick of light can be seen by a female from some distance on a dark night, since her eyes are exposed directly to the light source itself. However, using light to find one’s own way around requires vastly more energy, since the eyes have to detect the tiny fraction of the light that bounces off each pail of the scene. The light source must therefore be immensely brighter if it is to be used as a headlight to illuminate the path, than if it is to be used as a signal to others. In any event, whether or not the reason is the energy expense, it seems to be the case that, with the possible exception of some weird deep-sea fish, no animal apart from man uses manufactured light to find its way about.
D. What else might the engineer think of? Well, blind humans sometimes seem to have an uncanny sense of obstacles in their path. It has been given the name ‘facial vision’, because blind people have reported that it feels a bit like the sense of touch, on the face. One report tells of a totally blind boy who could ride his tricycle at good speed round the block near his home, using facial vision. Experiments showed that, in fact, facial vision is nothing to do with touch or the front of the face, although the sensation may be referred to the front of the face, like the referred pain in a phantom limb. The sensation of facial vision, it turns out, really goes in through the ears. Blind people, without even being aware of the fact, are actually using echoes of their own footsteps and of other sounds, to sense the presence of obstacles. Before this was discovered, engineers had already built instruments to exploit the principle, for example to measure the depth of the sea under a ship. After this technique had been invented, it was only a matter of time before weapons designers adapted it for the detection of submarines. Both sides in the Second World War relied heavily on these devices, under such codenames as Asdic (British) and Sonar (American), as well as Radar (American) or RDF (British), which uses radio echoes rather than sound echoes.
E. The Sonar and Radar pioneers didn’t know it then, but all the world now knows that bats, or rather natural selection working on bats, had perfected the system lens of millions of years earlier, and their ‘radar’ achieves feats of detection and navigation that would strike an engineer dumb with admiration. It is technically incorrect to talk about bat ‘radar’, since they do not use radio waves. It is sonar. But the underlying mathematical theories of radar and sonar are very similar, and much of our scientific understanding of the details of what bats are doing has come from applying radar theory to them. The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term ‘echolocation’ to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments.
Questions 1-5
Reading Passage 1 has five paragraphs, A-E. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-E, on your answer sheet. (NB. You may use any letter more than once.)
1．examples of wildlife other than bats which do not rely on vision to navigate by
2．how early mammals avoided dying out
3．why bats hunt in the dark
4．how a particular discovery has helped our understanding of bats
5．early military uses of echolocation【答案与解析】
1．B 根据B段可知，生活在海洋深处的鱼和鲸鱼白天和晚上几乎见不到光，生活在浑水中的鱼和海豚由于水中污泥的阻碍也看不到东西。没有光，所以这些动物一定不是通过视觉确定猎物位置的。所以题干信息对应的是B段。
2．A 根据A段后半部分，过去恐龙主导白天的时候，我们的哺乳动物祖先只能晚上出现，通过一些方法谋生。只有在6500万年前恐龙神秘地大规模灭绝之后，我们的祖先才得以出现在白天。所以这一部分内容讲的是早期哺乳动物如何逃脱了灭绝的命运。所以题干信息对应的是A段。
3．A 根据A段前半部分，蝙蝠黑夜才出来捕食的原因是白日被其他生物（如鸟类）所主导，自然选择使得蝙蝠只能在晚上出来捕食以求生存。所以题干信息对应的是A段。
4．E E段中“But the underlying mathematical theories of radar and sonar are very similar, and much of our scientific understanding of the details of what bats are doing has come from applying radar theory to them”明确提出我们如今对蝙蝠的理解是来自于雷达技术的发现。所以题干信息对应的是E段。
5．D 根据D段最后一句可知，echolocation指的是用声呐和雷达技术来确定事物位置。D段最后一句说到，二战中两方都在很大程度上依赖声呐和雷达设备。所以题干信息对应的是D段。
Questions 6-9
Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer Write your answers on your answer sheet.
FAC1ALVISION
Blind people report that so-called ‘facial vision’ is comparable to the sensation of touch on the face. In fact, the sensation is more similar to the way in which pain from a 6. ______ arm or leg might be felt. The ability actually comes from perceiving 7. _____ through the ears. However, even before this was understood, the principle had been applied in the design of instruments which calculated the 8. _____ of the sea bed. This was followed by a wartime application in devices for finding 9. _____.【答案与解析】
6．phantom（D段中“Experiments showed that, in fact, facial vision is nothing to do with touch or the front of the face, although the sensation may be referred to the front of the face, like the referred pain in a phantom limb”表明：“面感视觉”就像幻肢一样。phantom limb幻肢。limb意思是“肢；臂”，也就是空格后的arm和leg。）
7．obstacles（D段中“Blind people, without even being aware of the fact, are actually using echoes of their own footsteps and of other sounds, to sense the presence of obstacles”，表明盲人实际上是通过听脚步声和其他声音来判断障碍物的存在的。）
8．depth（D段中“Before this was discovered, engineers had already built instruments to exploit the principle, for example to measure the depth of the sea under a ship”指出，这一原理可以用来测量船下海水的深度。）
9．submarines（D段倒数第二句提到之前武器设计者曾利用（通过声音感知的）原理才探测潜艇。）
Question 10-13
Complete the sentences below. Choose ONE MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
10．Long before the invention of radar, _____ had resulted in a sophisticated radar-like system in bats.
11．Radar is an inaccurate term when referring to bats because _____ are not used in their navigation system.
12．Radar and sonar are based on similar _____ .
13．The word ‘echolocation’ was first used by someone working as a _____ .【答案与解析】
10．natural selection（E段第一句“bats, or rather natural selection working on bats, had perfected the system lens of millions of years earlier”表明，是自然选择使得蝙蝠拥有了像雷达一样的、复杂的系统。）
11．radio waves（E段中“It is technically incorrect to talk about bat ‘radar’, since they do not use radio waves”说到，从技术角度来看，蝙蝠“雷达”是不正确的说法，因为蝙蝠并不使用无线电波。）
12．mathematical theories（E段中“the underlying mathematical theories of radar and sonar are very similar”表明，雷达和声呐技术基于相同的数学理论。）
13．American zoologist（E段最后一句指出，echolocation这个词是由美国动物学家Donald Griffin创造出来的。）
Reading Passage 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.
Questions 14-26
Reading Passage2 has seven paragraphs, A-H. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A and C-H from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-xi, on your answer sheet.
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]