作者：戴云,刘芸
出版社：北京语言大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
SAT写作高分范文试读：
前言
PrefaceSAT（Scholastic Assessment Test）中文名称为“学术能力评估测验”，由美国大学委员会（College Board）委托ETS举办，美国各大学将参考SAT成绩决定是否批准考生的本科入学申请。
SAT与TOEFL不同，TOEFL旨在考查英语为非母语的应试者是否具备在美国大学学习的基本语言条件；SAT则主要针对英语为母语的考生。因此，对于中国考生来说，SAT是更严峻的考验，SAT成绩也是衡量其语言综合能力的更有效证明。
近年来，参加SAT考试的中国考生人数呈逐年上升的趋势，由于2016年的SAT改革，预计考生人数在2015年将急剧增加。面临如此激烈的竞争，各位考生必须从容应对。而SAT写作是考生获取高分必须攻克的一道难关。
在备战SAT写作时，许多中国考生为不能快速、有效地提高写作能力而烦恼。而一本高质量的SAT范文书则是祛除这块心病的一剂良药。但是，目前市面上有的SAT范文书所选题目太过陈旧，明显不会再出现在SAT写作考试中；有的SAT范文中涵盖的写作技巧不够全面，总是用一两种方法写作，并不适合写作基础千差万别的考生；有的SAT范文遣词造句不够地道，谈不上有精彩之处，对考生提升写作能力没有太大帮助。倘若备考资料的范文水平不高，又怎么能期待考生的写作水平迅速提高呢？而盲目的练习、背诵与模仿容易使考生陷入写作备考的误区，导致“事倍功半”的尴尬，甚至导致考生留学梦想的破灭。
为了帮助考生以科学的方法攻克SAT写作难关，向异国求学的光辉目标迈进，这本融入了作者十多年心血的《SAT写作高分范文》应运而生了。本书具有以下特色：
特色一：题目新、真、全
新：书中精选的题目全部是最近几年才考过的新题；
真：书中的题目全部来自考生亲历的全真机经；
全：书中题目涵盖教育、科技、传媒、文化、社会、环保等SAT作文话题。
特色二：通过范文阐释写作技巧
范文应用了SAT写作的各种论证技巧，如对比法、因果法、归纳法、演绎法、解释论证法等。
以范文为媒介，向考生全方位、多角度展现写作技巧是如何运用于写作实践的。
考生可通过精读范文、背诵经典段落以及模仿范文来提高自己的写作水平。
特色三：注重多样化，避免重复单一
范文具备多样化的特色，即实现了文章结构、段落结构、句型结构以及用词的多样化，从而帮助考生开拓思路，且掌握多样化的写作技巧，最终为自己的文章增光添彩，赢得阅卷人的青睐。
特色四：权威把关，精益求精
每篇范文均经过海外资深写作专家的精心润饰，并且由国内顶级SAT名师严格审阅把关，力求做到精益求精。
诚然，写作能力的培养绝非易事，但拥有一本优秀的范文书，就如同拥有一位好老师，莘莘学子会在她的指引下，收获开启成功之门的钥匙，进而为快速、有效地提高自己的写作水平奠定稳固的基础，《SAT写作高分范文》无疑就是这样一位好老师。衷心祝愿广大考生能够跟随她的脚步，在SAT写作备考过程中不断积累、不懈奋斗，并最终在考场上取得梦寐以求的优异成绩！编者第一章SAT写作简介PSAT考试简介
一、现行SAT概述
现行SAT分为SAT I（Reasoning Test，推理测验）和SAT II（Subject Test，专项测验）两种。
SAT I为必考项。考试内容包括批判性阅读（Critical Reading）、数学（Mathematics）和写作（Writing）三个科目，每个科目满分均为800分，总分为2400分。SAT I着重考查考生综合运用语言的能力。
SAT I考试分为10个部分（Section），时间分配如下：
Section 1至Section 7：各25分钟。
Section 8至Section 9：各20分钟。
Section 10：10分钟。
三个科目的时间分配如下：
批判性阅读：70分钟，包括两个25分钟的部分和一个20分钟的部分。
数学：70分钟，包括两个25分钟的部分和一个20分钟的部分。
写作：60分钟，包括25分钟的作文和25分钟+10分钟的语法选择题。
注意：每次考试时，各个部分的科目顺序均有所改变。
SAT II为选考项。其中包括数学、物理、化学、生物、外语等科目，满分也是2400分。由考生根据所申请学校的具体要求与其学术发展规划选择报考，SAT II旨在测试考生在某一科目上的专业学术能力。
二、2016年SAT改革概况
2014年3月5日，美国大学理事会宣布SAT将进行重大改革。但是，目前高一、高二在读学生并不受此次改革的影响。改革后的SAT将于2016年春季开始实施。
根据2014年4月16日公布的新版SAT样题，每一项考试科目均有颠覆性的变化，且难度有所增加。考试总分将改为1600分，其中作文由当前的必考改为选考，且单独计分。考试形式为笔考与机考。PSAT写作简介与技巧点睛
一、现行SAT写作概述
在现行SAT考试中，写作为必考项，考试内容由作文（Essay）和多项选择题两部分组成，其中多项选择题着重考查语法。
1. SAT作文
作文类型：议论文。
考试时间：25分钟。
出题形式：Prompt（命题）
Excerpt（摘录）
Assignment（任务）
例如：
Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.
We must seriously question the idea of majority rule. The majority grinned and jeered when Columbus said the world was round. The majority threw him into a dungeon for his discoveries. Where is the logic in the notion that the opinion held by a majority of people should have the power to influence our decisions?
Adapted from James A. Reed, "Majority Rule"
Assignment: Is the opinion of the majority—in government or in any other circumstances—a poor guide? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.
2. SAT作文考查重点
论证思路
思维深度
论据力度
语言控制力
3. SAT常考作文话题
成功与失败；正确与错误；幸福；创造力；过去、现在与未来；思想与行动；性格与行为；传统与进步；探索与发现；教与学；理想主义与实用主义；决策与问题解决；名人与英雄；合作与竞争；谎言与事实；世界观；美国精神；生活方式；科技与环保
二、SAT作文评分标准
1. 6分（满分）标准
◇ effectively and insightfully develops a point of view on the issue and demonstrates outstanding critical thinking, using clearly appropriate examples, reasons, and other evidence to support its position（有力且深刻地阐明了对待问题的观点，展现了出众的批判性思维，并使用了明确且恰当的例子、推理和其他论据来支持自己的立场）
◇ is well organized and clearly focused, demonstrating clear coherence and smooth progression of ideas（论证合理，论点明确，展现出思维的明确连贯性和平滑过渡性）
◇ exhibits skillful use of language, using a varied, accurate, and apt vocabulary（展现出优秀的语言运用技巧，并使用了多样化的、准确的、恰当的词汇）
◇ demonstrates meaningful variety in sentence structure（展现出句式的巧妙变化）
◇ is free of most errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics（在语法、用法和结构方面几乎没有错误）
2. 5分标准
◇ effectively develops a point of view on the issue and demonstrates strong critical thinking, generally using appropriate examples, reasons, and other evidence to support its position （有力地阐述了对待问题的观点，展现出很强的批判性思维，基本上使用了恰当的例子、推理和论据来支持自己的立场）
◇ is well organized and focused, demonstrating coherence and progression of ideas （论证和论点合理，展现出思维的连续性和过渡性）
◇ exhibits facility in the use of language, using appropriate vocabulary（展现出语言运用的灵活性，并使用了恰当的词汇）
◇ demonstrates variety in sentence structure（展现出句式的变化）
◇ is generally free of most errors in grammar, usage and mechanics（在语法、用法和结构方面大致上没有错误）
三、SAT写作技巧点睛
从官方公布的评分标准可以看出，SAT写作强调思维的逻辑性与批判性（logical and critical thinking）， 要求考生写出具有深刻洞察力（insightful）的文章。
考生必须从命题的摘录部分探寻核心概念，体会中心思想，提炼出一个论点，之后，挑选恰当的例子和其他有力论据以证明这个论点。考官是通过审视文章的推理论证过程来核查考生的逻辑论证能力的，因此，应当合理安排各个论据之间的逻辑关系，从而使论证过程具有条理性与层次性。
说到SAT写作的遣词造句，多样化、准确性和灵活性是重要标准。
显然，与着重考查考生语言能力的TOEFL独立写作相比，SAT写作是对考生逻辑思维能力、批判性思维能力与语言能力的综合测试，因此难度更大。
1. 培养逻辑思维能力
逻辑思维是借助概念、判断、推理反映现实的过程。逻辑思维是严密的，有条理的、有根据的。在SAT议论文写作过程中，考生应按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑思路，明确主论点和分论点，做到主次分明。此外，还需将所有论据加工整理，使其条理清晰、层次合理，从而发挥最佳论证效力。典型的逻辑论证法如下：（1）对比论证法
对比论证指从事物的相反或相异的属性比较中揭示论点的本质。
例如：When short-term or small ones are reached, it is natural to feel dissatisfied because large goals have not yet been conquered. By contrast, if a challenging goal is finally achieved, most people, recalling the hardships they have undergone in the process, tend to be satisfied.（2）因果论证法
因果论证法是深入推理的论证技巧，恰当使用因果论证法可以使文章思路连贯、逻辑明晰，论证严谨透彻。
例如：In fact, a person's shining points are likely to instill in him/her the enthusiasm to fight persistently. They also bring a sense of pride and enough self-confidence. Therefore, it is fortunate for anyone to discover which specific aspects he/she shows special aptitude for.（3）归纳论证法
归纳论证是由个别到一般的论证方法，通过多个事例或分论点归纳出他们所共有的特性，从而得出一个一般性的结论。
例如：A person's role could be as stingy as Grandet, a miser portrayed by Balzac, or as friendly and generous as Antonio in the Merchant of Venice, or as unrealistic as Don Quixote. Obviously, we can always find striking resemblance between created characters and typical representatives in real life.（4）演绎论证法
演绎论证法与归纳论证法恰好相反，它反映了论据与论点之间由一般到个别的逻辑关系。其中普遍性结论是依据，个别性结论是论点。
例如：Everything on Earth is internally connected.（一般性结论为论据) Thus, it is understandable for any creative mind to be affected by others.（个别性结论为论点）
2. 培养批判性思维能力
批判性思维是基于充分的客观事实进行理论评估与客观评价的过程。批判性思维能力使人们在辩论中发现某个问题的漏洞，或者使其通过辩论探明某个观点的合理性。批判性思维具有深度和广度，且遵循精确性、逻辑性和公正性的原则。构成批判性思维的基本要素是论题、断言和论证。
例如，下列SAT作文题目就要求考生运用批判性思维论证“firmly-held opinions”的合理性。
论题：Are firmly-held opinions reasonable?
断言：Some merits they possess do help testify to their reasonability.
论证：分论点一“many 'rigid' opinions are innovative”+论据
分论点二“debating over firmly-held ideas helps cultivate people's ability to reason”+论据
3. 掌握典型的写作论证手法
在培养逻辑思维能力与批判性思维能力的同时，考生还需学会重要的写作论证技巧，从而使自己的文章有理有据，达到最佳论证效果。（1）例证法
例证法通过举出具体实例来证明某个观点，是最常用、最有效的推理论证方法。因此，建议考生搜集典型素材，包括名人轶事、历史事件、新闻报道、生活经历等等，并将其恰当地应用于论证过程之中。
例如：In the scientific field, the confirmation of one theory may provoke new hypothesis, and the solution of a mystery may incur unpredictable problems. The atomic theory, for instance, states that matter is composed of discrete particles called atoms... Decades later, physicists found out that the atom is actually a conglomerate of various subatomic particles, namely, electrons, protons and neutrons... Afterwards...（2）解释论证法
解释论证法是对事物的现象、过程、理由等进行描述，这种描述通常建立在逻辑推理、科学分析等规则之上。解释是探索问题各个方面之间关系的基本方法。在议论文的写作过程中，对论点或论据进行恰当、准确的解释可以使文章更具说服力。
例如：As for ordinary individuals, it is a must to think before leaping. That is to say, before posting any information, one has to judge whether the best conditions of privacy protection are available...
4. 灵活掌握文法技巧（1）SAT写作用词技巧
①活用同义词
考生一定要重视同义词，懂得灵活运用不同词汇来表达同一种意思，这也是评分标准中有所涉及的。例如，在表达“可怕的”这个概念时，切忌重复使用“terrible”一词，其实，还有其他词可以表达这个含义：fearful, frightful, frightening, dreadful, awesome, awful, horrible等等。
②重视连接词
连接词能够使文章逻辑顺畅、语言连贯，考生一定要牢记各种连接词，以便在考试时“信手拈来”。SAT写作常用连接词包括：
举例连接词：
for instance, for example, to illustrate, such as, as for...
逻辑连接词：
due to, owing to, hence, thus, since, thus, thereby, so as to, for fear of, for the sake of, as a result, as a consequence, so that, nonetheless, in spite of, whereas, conversely, in contrast, in comparison with, now that, as though, even if, after all, in addition, moreover, furthermore, likewise, that is to say, in other words...
此外，还须注意词语表达的书面化与准确性，避免使用非正式的口语词汇和网络词汇。（2）SAT写作句法技巧
灵活运用多种句式也是SAT高分标准中强调的重点，考生必须掌握多种典型句式。另外，还应注意复杂长句与短句的搭配使用。经典句式包括：
①强调句
例如：It is details that determine the nature and quality of the whole.
是细节决定了全局的性质与质量。
It is these striking differences that make them appealing and valuable.
正是这些显著的不同点使他们极具吸引力。
②倒装句
例如：Only by implementing more effective and forceful regulations can the rights of ordinary people be better ensured.
只有通过执行更有效、更有力度的法规才能使普通百姓的权利得到更好的保障。
③并列结构
例如：Men had better decide what is worth failing with as well as what is worth succeeding in.
一个人不仅要决定什么事值得成功，也要决定什么事值得失败。
He still managed to teach himself and grasp the knowledge required for his later research.
他仍然通过自学掌握了后来研究所需的知识。
④插入语
例如：On the job market, for example, candidates with unique qualities may be the first choices of the demanding employers.
比如在人才市场上，具备独特素质的应聘者可能成为苛刻的雇主们的首选。
5. SAT作文应试步骤
第一步，快速审题，确定自己的立场；
第二步，明确各分论点，构建文章框架；
第三步，搜索有效论据，按照框架写作；
第四步，浏览全文，及时修改错误。
注意：由于现行SAT为笔考，考生应努力做到书写工整，段落分明，从而为赢得高分增添砝码。本书使用指南
本书主要适用于在2014年和2015年参加SAT考试的考生，书中涵盖近几年考过的76道写作真题以及相应的高分范文，每篇范文均配有中文译文。
建议考生按照如下步骤使用本书：
1.通读25~30篇范文，注意寻找文章主论点和各分论点，从而把握写作思路与整体框架。
例如，在阅读“International Aid”这篇范文时，针对Assignment中的问题“Should we care just as much about people in other countries as we do about people in our own country?”应试图找出中心论点，确定作者的立场（position）：all citizens need to show sympathy and concern to foreigners。同时寻找支撑该论点的分论点：① it is inevitable for any nation to be trapped in difficulties；②nations that aid each other shall be the hugest beneficiaries in the modern world；③both international organizations and ordinary people must join hands to create a better future through humanitarian causes。最后一段为结论（conclusion）。至此，整体框架便一目了然了。
2.详细分析10~15篇范文，理清各段内部句子之间的逻辑关系，注意找出重要细节，包括论证手法、有效论据等。
例如，在标题为“Small Achievements”的文章中，针对Assignment中的问题“Is it better to aim for small accomplishments instead of great achievements? ”，第二段内容如下：
To begin with，small achievements may become the decisive factors of a huge success. For instance, a teenager who cherishes the splendid dream to be a great musician must fulfill a series of smaller tasks first, which include studying under an excellent tutor and doing well in local competitions. Neither of them can be called a "great" aim. However, they shape the bright future of a music talent. Lang Lang, a celebrated Chinese pianist, is just a perfect example. Having experienced some obstacles, he finally entered the conservatory. Thanks to this good starting point, he was able to follow the instructions of a famous professor and gain access to many precious opportunities. In 1994，he participated in the Fourth International Youth Piano Competition in Germany and won the first prize. This small victory became a cornerstone in his career. Since then, the young artist gradually made his way onto the grandest stage in the world. Even though his early achievements appear far less influential, they have played an indispensable part.
在精读时，首先找出该段的中心论点，即第一句话“small achievements may become the decisive factors of a huge success（小成就也许会成为获得巨大成功的决定性因素）”，第二句话是对论据的抽象概述，接下来的两句话是对抽象概述的分析与判断：Neither of them can be called a "great" aim. However, they shape the bright future of a music talent. 显然，这两句话之间形成了“转折”的逻辑关系。随后的几句话就是具体事例，以此作为支撑中心论点的有力论据，其中涵盖人物、时间和事件，这些细节是例证法中不可或缺的元素。该段的最后一句话是对例证的总结性论述。
3.选择10~15篇经过自己仔细分析的作文题目进行仿写练习，每篇习作务必在25分钟之内完成。
4.再选取另外15道题目进行写作练习，每篇习作务必在25分钟之内完成。完成后与范文对照，寻找自己的优点与不足之处。第二章SAT精选范文76篇1. Firmly-held Opinions 固守的观点Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.There is something good to be said for holding firm opinions, whether in politics, art, business, or daily life. A person who is deeply committed to a certain position on a film, a political candidate, or an idea may have thought long and hard before reaching that position. But too often such opinions are not based on careful thought and may be so rigidly held that those who express them do not consider other viewpoints or positions.Assignment: Are firmly held opinions reasonable? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.
The derogatory term "stubborn" is often quoted to describe people who stick to their viewpoints and grant no concession. Conceivably, once a strong idea has taken root, any attempt to change it may be futile. Some people wonder if firmly-held ideas are reasonable. As far as I am concerned, although not all of them are unimpeachable, some merits they possess do help testify to their reasonability.“固执”这个贬义词通常被用来描述那些坚持己见、不屑让步的人。可以想象，一旦某个强烈的想法在心里扎根，任何试图将其改变的努力都可能是徒劳的。有些人对固守观点的合理性产生了疑问。在我看来，尽管并非所有此类观点都是无懈可击的，但是这些观点具备的一些优点的确有助于证明其合理性。
First, many "rigid" opinions are innovative, having undergone profound mental activities and repeated experiments. These are also the primary demands to be met before the formation of any reasonable idea. A firm opinion developer must have completed this "preparatory" step wholeheartedly, based on rich experience. Mr. Deng Xiaoping, the immortal "general designer" of China's reform and opening-up, raised the brave thought of "One Country, Two Systems". He stuck to it with great determination and confidence, regardless of protests and interferences from others. Obviously, one major reason for his resolute attitude just lies in the good foundation on which his theory was established. After Hong Kong was handed over to China on July 1st, 1997, the SAR government has led the region into greater prosperity. Thus, Mr. Deng demonstrated to the world that his vision best fit the real conditions of the home nation and would serve for the benefits of both sides involved.
首先，很多“固执”的观点具有创新性，并且经过了深思熟虑与屡次检验。这也是任何合理观点形成的基本要求。一位态度坚决的意见持有者必定已经在丰富经验的基础之上完成了这个“准备”步骤。邓小平是永垂不朽的中国改革开放的“总设计师”，他不顾其他人的反对与干涉，提出了“一国两制”的勇敢设想，并且以极大的决心和信心坚持自己的主张。显然，使他态度如此坚决的一个主要原因就在于他的理论建立在良好的基础之上。在1997年7月1日香港回归中国以后，特区政府已经引领香港走向了更大的繁荣。于是，邓先生向世界证明，他的设想最适合本国国情，同时也使双方都受益。
Barbara Jordan, the first African-American woman to be elected member of the U.S. Congress, is another representative. Famous for her original thoughts on social change and powerful public speeches, Barbara touched the hearts of numerous Americans. She cherished an unshakable belief that the poor and the blacks must receive fairer treatment and that the rights of common citizens should be extended. Her victory as an influential lawmaker and educator perfectly validated what has been stored in her mind.
首位获选美国国会议员的非洲裔美国女性芭芭拉·乔丹是另一个典范，她以在社会变革方面创新的构思以及强有力的公众演讲著称，触动了无数美国人的心灵。她怀有一个坚定不移的信念，那就是，穷人和黑人必须获得更平等的待遇，普通公民的权益应当得以扩展。作为一名有影响力的立法者和教育家，她的成功充分证实了自己思想的正确性。
Besides, debating over firmly-held ideas helps cultivate people's ability to reason. When confronted by a rigid standpoint, viewers may choose to think hard in search of evidence, either for it or against it. With the emergence of more profound thinkers, the number of reasonable ideas is likely to increase. Nowadays, the Internet has built a large platform for netizens to publicize firmly-held reviews on books, movies, music and so forth. At this moment, other people are entitled to indicate their disagreement or agreement on the basis of deeper thoughts. To be specific, Dream of the Red Chamber, a Chinese classic novel by Cao Xueqin, has remained a controversial topic that arouses heated discussion online. People are expressing their divergent opinions on the miserable fate of Lin Daiyu and her relationship with Jia Baoyu. Through the analysis of these vivid characters and all-round debates among readers, one's thinking ability can be enhanced to a large extent and more reasonable conclusions may be reached.
此外，围绕固守观点展开的辩论有助于培养人们的推理能力。当面临被固守的观点时，评论者会选择努力思考以寻求正面论据或反驳论据。随着更多深刻的思考者的涌现，合理观点的数量可能会增加。如今，互联网为网民们建立起一个宽广的平台，便于他们发表自己对图书、电影、音乐等所持有的坚定的看法。此时，其他人有权在更深入思考的基础上提出异议或表示赞同。具体而言，曹雪芹所著的中国古典小说《红楼梦》一直是引发网友热烈讨论的颇具争议的论题。对于林黛玉的悲惨命运以及她与贾宝玉之间的纠葛，人们表达了各自不同的观点。通过对这些生动人物的分析以及读者间全方位的辩论，一个人的思考能力就能在很大程度上得以提高，同时还可能得出更合理的结论。
In brief, the unique qualities of "rigid" opinions allow them to be "reasonable". Meanwhile, modern society has a greater demand of firmly-held ideas than ever before. As a result, we ought to respect and encourage those who take their position steadily in spite of opposite voices, because their opinions could be both reasonable and worthwhile.
总之，“固执”观点所具有的独特品质允许其趋于“合理”。同时，与以往不同，现代社会越来越需要坚定的观点。因此，我们应当尊重并鼓励那些无畏反对意见、毅然坚守自己立场的人们，因为他们的观点既可以是合理的，也可以是有价值的。2. Inventions and Discoveries 发明与发现Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.Some people believe that very few of today's "inventions" are really new. Inventions today seem to consist primarily of improvements to things that have already been invented. Medicines, it is said, may be better, and vehicles may be faster, but they are really not new or different. In reality, we have not even begun to exhaust the supply of original ideas or new inventions. There is much more for us to invent and discover.Assignment: Is there really much more for people to invent and discover in the world today? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.
But for generations of pioneers in all fields, our life may not have become so convenient and comfortable. Some people complain that the modern world lacks the real sense of originality, simply because most inventions or discoveries nowadays are too reliant on previous achievements. Even so, from my standpoint, the information age is still witnessing unprecedented breakthroughs and this tendency shall be maintained forever.
如果没有各个领域里世世代代的先锋，我们的生活也许不会变得如此方便与舒适。有些人抱怨说，由于现在大多数发明或发现过于依赖以前的成果，因此当今世界缺乏真正意义上的创新性。尽管如此，在我看来，信息时代仍然见证着史无前例的突破，并且这个趋势将永远延续下去。
Undeniably, old creations and findings have laid a stable foundation for new ones and their influences can never be neglected. Perhaps it is nothing but a settled rule of history. Therefore, while striving for progress, people may refer back to any historic accomplishments, rather than put them aside. In fact, the further our society advances, the more references are available for us to utilize. Take the IT industry as an example. Ever since the first electronic computer was invented by John Mauchly and Presper Eckert last century, numerous relevant inventions ensued, including the Internet, software and other digital devices. The 21st century saw the biggest stride forward in this field. In addition to the prevalence of such newly-developed tools as laptops and iPods, intelligent mobile phones have taken the world by storm with their multiple functions. Naturally, they owe much to Alexander Bell, the father of telephone. The same is true in the medical field. Alexander Fleming happened to discover penicillin, the very first antibiotic, 8 decades ago. His discovery later led to the births of other types of antibiotics, which now play an important role in curing various diseases.
不可否认，过去的创造与发现为新成果奠定了坚实的基础，它们的影响力不容小觑。或许这正是一个历史客观规律。因此，在力求进步的过程中，人们可以参考任何具有历史意义的成就，而不是将其置之度外。其实，社会越向前发展，我们就拥有越多的参考资源可以利用。以IT行业为例，自从约翰·莫齐利和普莱斯普·埃克特在上世纪发明了第一台电子计算机以来，无数相关的发明接踵而至，其中包括互联网、软件及其他数码设备。在21世纪，该领域取得了最为显著的发展。除了诸如笔记本电脑和iPod之类新开发的工具广受欢迎以外，智能手机已经凭借其多重功能风靡全球。这自然在很大程度上归功于“电话之父”亚历山大·贝尔。医学领域也是如此。亚历山大·弗莱明在80年前偶然发现了第一种抗生素——青霉素，这项发现为之后其他种类抗生素的诞生铺平了道路。现在，抗生素在治疗多种疾病方面发挥着重要作用。
However, the mainstream of human society convinces me that today's inventors and discoverers are able to depend solely on their own creativity and make history. One of the most impressive proofs can be found in nanotechnology. With its continuous breakthroughs, such as the inventions of new materials, it has been widely utilized in medicine and many other areas so far. Moreover, in recent years, scientists and engineers have managed to adopt renewable energy resources for the benefits of the environment. In 2002, the world's very first solar tower was created. These successful attempts mark the fulfillment of a long-cherished dream of mankind and justify the rich potential of modern experts.
然而，人类社会的主流趋势使我确信，现代发明家和发现者能够仅仅依靠自己的创新力创造历史。最引人注目的证据之一就是纳米技术。随着这项技术不断取得突破，例如新型材料的发明，迄今为止，该技术已经在医学和其他领域得到广泛应用。此外，近年来，科学家和工程师已经应用可再生能源改善环境。2002年，世界首座太阳能塔建成。这些成功的尝试标志着人类长久以来怀揣的梦想已经得以实现，并且也证实了现代专家们无限的潜力。
Regarding the future, I am confident that our off spring will not only carry on with what has been invented and discovered today, but will also come up with brand-new thoughts and give birth to more and more remarkable creations. Everyone is likely to become another
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