作者：圣才电子书
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对外经济贸易大学英语学院761基础英语历年考研真题及详解试读：
2001年对外经济贸易大学英语学院761基础英语考研真题及详解
Part O e: Vocabulary
I. Check the word or phrase you believe is closest in meaning to the key word. (7.5%)
l. Ravage
A. to enrage
B. to plunder
C. to devour
D. to wear away【答案】B【解析】ravage毁坏，掠夺。plunder抢劫，掠夺。devour（火灾等）毁灭，破坏。wear away磨损，（时间）消逝。
2．Edify
A. to scold
B. to praise
C. to improve and enlighten
D. to have exceptional pleasure from【答案】C【解析】edify教导，启发。enlighten启发，启蒙。scold责骂，斥责。praise称赞，歌颂。exceptional例外的，特殊的。
3．Haggle
A. to wrangle or dispute
B. to scold
C. to lie
D. to beg【答案】A【解析】haggle（就价格、条件等）争论，讨价还价。wrangle争论，争吵；dispute辩论，争执。scold责骂，斥责。
4．Curtail
A. to curl or intertwine
B. to deprive of
C. to confuse
D. to cut short【答案】D【解析】curtail缩减，减少。cut short缩减，截短。curl（使）卷曲。intertwine（使）缠绕。deprive of剥夺，使丧失。
5．Supplicate
A. to strangle
B. to grow weak
C. to beg humble
D. to curse【答案】C【解析】supplicate哀求，祈求。beg humble谦卑地请求。strangle勒死，绞杀。curse诅咒，咒骂。
6．Extol
A. to announce
B. to collect
C. to scold or harass
D. to praise【答案】D【解析】extol赞美。praise称赞，歌颂。announce宣布。scold责骂；harass烦恼。
7．Facilitate
A. to tease
B. to make easy
C. to pretend
D. to congratulate【答案】B【解析】facilitate使容易，使便利。make easy使轻松，变得容易。tease取笑，欺负。pretend假装，装扮。congratulate祝贺，庆祝。
8．Cavort
A. to prance around
B. to fling
C. to find fault with
D. to enjoy in a carefree manner【答案】A【解析】cavort腾跃。prance腾跃，欢跃。fling猛投，抛，掷。find fault with挑剔，找…的毛病。carefree轻松愉快的，不负责的。
9．Sully
A. to keep hidden; make secret
B. to hinder
C. to defile; soil
D. to put the blame on someone【答案】C【解析】sully弄脏，玷污（名誉等）。defile玷污，亵渎；soil弄脏，污辱。hinder妨碍，阻止。put the blame on someone把责任推到别人的头上。
10．Usurp
A. to charge high interest rates
B. to intrude upon
C. to disturb
D. to seize power or position【答案】D【解析】usurp篡夺，侵占。charge high interest rates 以高利率计费。intrude upon打扰，侵入。disturb扰乱，妨碍。
11．Goad
A. to annoy
B. to incite or spur
C. to argue
D. to beg【答案】B【解析】goad驱策，激励。incite激励，煽动；spur鞭策，刺激。annoy招惹，使烦恼。argue争论，说服。
12．Augment
A. to urge
B. to dispute
C. to promise
D. to increase; add to【答案】D【解析】augment增加，增大。urge 催促，力劝。dispute争论，反对。
13．Inundate
A. to flood; deluge
B. to break down
C. to retreat
D. to enter into an agreement【答案】A【解析】inundate淹没，泛滥。deluge淹，浸。break down失败，毁坏。 retreat撤退，退却。enter into an agreement达成一致，订约。
14．Waive
A. to forgo
B. to demand
C. to look for
D. to be irresolute【答案】A【解析】waive放弃。forgo作罢，放弃。irresolute犹豫不决的。
15．Confound
A. to impress
B. to bring together
C. to frustrate
D. to confuse; perplex【答案】D【解析】confound混淆，使迷惑。confuse迷惑，使糊涂；perplex困惑。impress使铭记，留下印象。bring together使和解。frustrate挫败，使泄气。
II. Check the word or phrase you believe is best to fin in the blank in each sentence. (7.5%)
1．The teacher ________ the dozing student to pay attention.
A. admonished
B. administered
C. adjudicated
D. adjusted【答案】A【解析】admonish训诫，警告。administer管理，执行。adjudicate判决，裁定。adjust调整，校准。
2．His explanation did not ________ of any misunderstanding.
A. permeate
B. permit
C. perplex
D. perpetrate【答案】B【解析】permit允许，容许。permeate透入。perplex困惑。perpetrate犯（罪，错误），行诈。
3．He followed his ________ and gave the stranger a lift.
A. impulsion
B. impulse
C. conscientious
D. conscious【答案】C【解析】句意：他本着良心，对陌生人施以援手。conscientious有（凭）良心的，诚心诚意的。impulsion冲动。impulse冲动，推动力。conscious有意识的，有知觉的。
4．Many alcoholics are ________ drinkers.
A. compatible
B. competent
C. competitive
D. compulsive【答案】D【解析】compulsive强迫（性）的，不由自主的。compatible 协调的，一致的。competent有能力的，胜任的。competitive竞争的。
5．The computer was ________ a low buzz.
A. dismissing
B. emitting
C. admitting
D. omitting【答案】B【解析】emit发出，辐射。dismiss解散，让离开。admit容许，承认。omit省略，疏忽。
6．She has a friendly, ________ personality.
A. genuine
B. genitive
C. generative
D. genial【答案】D【解析】genial亲切的。genuine真实的，诚恳的。genitive领属关系的。generative生产的，再生的。
7．The wounded man clung to life ________.
A. tenaciously
B. tantalizingly
C. tenably
D. tendentiously【答案】A【解析】tenaciously顽强地。tantalizingly……得令人着急。tenably合理地，可维持地。tendentiously有倾向地，有偏见地。
8．I don’t see how your statement ________ to my question.
A. retains
B. detains
C. pertains
D. abstains【答案】C【解析】pertain适合，属于。retain保持，保留。detain拘留，留住。abstain戒除，放弃。
9．Anne loudly ________ her beliefs into every conversation.
A. obtrudes
B. obsesses
C. obviates
D. obtains【答案】A【解析】obtrude强行，强加。obsess迷住，使困扰。obviate消除，排除。obtain获得。
10．Tom brags about his work, but his boss considers him a ________.
A. nonsense
B. nonevent
C. nonentity
D. nonchalant【答案】C【解析】nonentity不存在的东西，无足轻重的人。nonsense谬论，无意义的事。nonevent大肆宣扬即将来临而并未发生的事。nonchalant冷淡的，若无其事的。
11．Ed’s wife has a way of breaking into serious conversations with _______ small talk.
A. impertinent
B. pertinacious
C. pertinent
D. impertinacious【答案】A【解析】句意：Ed的妻子有一种习惯，就是用不相关的闲聊来打断严肃的谈话。impertinent无关的，不恰当的。pertinacious固执的，难消除的。pertinent有关的，中肯的。impertinacious为生造词。
12．The power to confirm presidential appointments ________ in the Senate.
A. reseats
B. reserves
C. resides
D. resits【答案】C【解析】句意：对总统的任命给予批准的权力归属于参议院。reside（权力等）属于。reseat使复位，使再坐。reserve储备，保存。resit（考试不及格后）再考，重考。
13．The Nile River ________ silt over the ages to form a delta.
A. deposited
B. demoted
C. deported
D. depraved【答案】A【解析】句意：尼罗河常年的泥沙沉淀形成了三角洲。deposit沉淀，堆积。demote使降级。deport将……驱逐出境。deprave使堕落，使腐败。
14．He was elected by a ________ of the two political parties.
A. infusion
B. fusion
C. confusion
D. injunction【答案】B【解析】fusion（政党的）联合。infusion注入，灌输。confusion混乱，混淆。injunction禁令。
15．He had written a ________ of a symphony before his death.
A. fragment
B. fraction
C. fiction
D. diction【答案】A【解析】fragment碎片，片断，(文艺作品等)未完成的部分。fraction小部分，分数。fiction虚构，小说。diction措辞，用语。
Part Two: Usage
I. In each of the sentences below, choose the word in parentheses that is corrector preferred usage. (15%)
1．The weather forecast says it is (apt, likely, liable) to rain today.【答案】likely【解析】句意：天气预报说今天可能会下雨。
2．She is an (alumnus, alumni, alumna, alumnae) of the local college.【答案】alumna【解析】alumna女毕业生，女校友。句意：她是一名当地学院的毕业生。
3．The word red has an unpleasant (connotation, denotation) for many people.【答案】connotation【解析】句意：“Red”这个词对很多人来说包含令人不愉快的内涵。
4．(Because of, Due to) the bad weather, we arrived late.【答案】Due to【解析】句意：都因为这糟糕的天气，我们迟到了。due to因为，由于。常指这个原因会造成不好的结果。
5．One could say that all cats are (egoists, egotists).【答案】egoists【解析】句意：可以说所有的猫都是自我主义者。
6．The audience yawned and seemed (disinterested, uninterested) in the speech.【答案】uninterested【解析】句意：听众开始大哈欠了，看起来他们对这演讲不感兴趣。
7．My little son is (anxiously, eagerly) looking forward to Christmas.【答案】eagerly【解析】句意：我的小儿子急切地盼望圣诞节的到来。
8．He has a (contemptible, contemptuous) attitude toward sloppy work.【答案】contemptuous【解析】句意：他对无聊的工作表现出轻蔑的态度。contemptuous轻蔑的。contemptible可鄙的。
9．The Grand Canyon is of (incomparable, uncomparable) beauty.【答案】incomparable【解析】句意：大峡谷的壮美无与伦比。
10．My (ophthalmologist, optometrist) will soon be operating on the cataract in my left eye.【答案】ophthalmologist【解析】句意：我的眼科医师马上会为我的左眼做白内障手术。ophthalmologist眼科医师。optometrist验光师。
11．Golf is the (vocation, avocation) of a professional golfer.【答案】vocation【解析】vocation职业，行业。avocation（个人）副业，业余爱好。
12．Your work for the committee has been most (credible, creditable, credulous).【答案】creditable【解析】句意：你为委员会所做的工作是最值得称赞的。creditable值得赞扬的，应予肯定的。credible可靠的。credulous轻信的。
13．This is the most (historic, historical) building in the town.【答案】historic【解析】句意：这是这座城镇里历史上最为有名的建筑。historic历史上著名的，有历史性的。historical与历史有关的，历史（上）的。
14．I can’t stand your (continual, continuous) interruption.【答案】continual【解析】句意：我不能忍受你反复打断我的讲话。continuous和continual的区别：(1)搭配区别：continuous可以做表语或定语be continuous或continuous+名词；continual只做定语continual+名词；(2)词意的不同：continual反复，不停止（happen repeatedly），如continual knocks on the door反复的敲门声；continuous连续性的=unbroken(lack of interruption)，如a continuous line一条不间断的线。
15．If you have a cough accompanied (by, with) a fever, see a doctor.【答案】with【解析】句意：如果你咳嗽伴有发烧，就要去看医生。这里accompany在被动语态中，当指的是人时，用在它后的介词是by，指伴随他人。如：She went to Europe accompanied by her colleague.她和她的同事一道去欧洲。不是指人的情况则用with，如：The salmon was accompanied with a delicious lettuce salad.伴有可口的生菜沙拉的鲑鱼。
II. Fill in the missing words: (20%)
I
Take for instance the evening of December 31, 1994, when I began my assignment (1) the foreign affairs columnist for The New York Times. I started the column (2) writing from Tokyo, and when I arrived at the Okura Hotel (3) a long transpacific flight, I called room service (4) one simple request: “Could you please send me (5) four oranges.” I am addicted (6) citrus and I needed a fix. It seemed to me a simple (7) order when I telephoned it in, and the person on the other end (8) to understand. About twenty minutes (9) there was a knock at my door. A room service waiter was standing there (10) his perfectly creased uniform. In front of him was a cart (11) by a starched white tablecloth. (12) the tablecloth were four tall (13) of fresh-squeezed orange juice, (14) glass set regally (15) a small silver bowl of ice.【答案】
(1) as
(2) by
(3) after
(4) with
(5) up
(6) to
(7) enough
(8) seemed
(9) later
(10) in
(11) covered
(12) on
(13) glasses
(14) each
(15) in
II
I believe that (16) you want to understand the post-Cold War world you (17) to start by understanding that a new international system (18) succeeded it—globalization. (19) is “The One Big Thing” people should focus on. Globalization is not the only thing (20) events in the world today, but to the (21) that there is a North Star and a worldwide shaping (22) , it is this system. What is new is the (23) ; what is (24) is power politics, chaos, clashing civilizations (25) liberalism. (26) what is the drama of the post-Cold War world is the interaction (27) this new system (28) all these old passions and aspirations. It is a complex drama, (29) the final act still not written.【答案】
(16) if
(17) have
(18) has
(19) That
(20) influencing
(21)extent
(22) force
(23) systems
(24) old
(25) and
(26) and
(27) between
(28) and
(29) with
III
Elections alone will never be enough to ensure (30) governance; Russia and Pakistan are proof (31) of that. At the same (32) , just installing modern operating (33) and software in a country, (34) holding regular elections that can (35) corrupt leaders, will never be (36) either. That is why the Wisest (37) in developing countries will be (38) who understand quickest that without the herd there will be no (39) , and without better so, ware and (40) systems there will be no herd.【答案】
(30) good
(31) enough
(32) time
(33) system
(34) without
(35) remove
(36) enough
(37)leaders
(38) those
(39) growth
(40) operating
Part Three: Reading and Writing
I. Read the following essay and answer the questions briefly. (25%)
In recent years it seems that language as it relates to software programming has come to be worth more in the job market than a mastery of English or Chinese. But natural language isn’t just the gift of the gab. It’s also a talent necessary for communication, which is distinct from mere conversation. Communication can be verbal or written. In the working world, the ability to communicate well is known as a soft skill. Soft skills have always been critical to professions like journalism, advertising or medicine. Now they’re proving to be just as important to high-tech industries and businesses.
Effective communication isn’t the only soft skill employers crave. Inter-personal skills, like the ability to create and maintain a rapport with others, are high on the list, too. Time management, initiative, working well under pressure, and image or appearance-especially as it bears on non-verbal communication-are also essential.
Technology has meant the blurring of traditional lines between workers and departments at many companies, particularly small, information technology start-ups. Businesses are less departmentalized. E-mail, for example, now allows all kinds of workers and managers to communicate directly with one another. Technical support staff who once worked in obscurity many now interact daily with sales and marketing staff, and with customers and clients.
Obviously, employers want programmers or developers who are at the top of their technical game. But increasingly, they also want employees who can articulate their goals clearly, write evocatively, work well with others and build relationships, take initiative, and represent a company’s image of itself.
Soft skills-or, as they might have been called in another era, people skills.
Yet what does “effective communication” mean? First, understand that it can he verbal, non-verbal or written. Communication can include telephone links, telecommunication exchanges, E-mail, the Internet or writing reports. Thus, communication and conversation are not the same animal. But at the same time, language experts say conversation is often more than 90 percent non-verbal. Words alone make up only a tiny portion of the messages people send one another.
In his Dictionary of Cybernetics, Klaus Krippendorff, of the Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Pennsylvania, writes that non-verbal communication is: processes of communication without the use of language proper.”
“Body movements, gesture, smells but also such extra-linguistic features of speech as intonation, speed, pause,” Krippendorff said. “Non-verbal communication is expressive and manifest as opposed to being about something outside the communicator. Non-verbal communication tends to provide the context of verbal communication and has the power to disambiguate (but also to invalidate) the content of linguistic expressions.
So the way we talk-ore speech patterns, our expressions, our eye movements-are critical to providing the context and clarity that words alone cannot. But how does the average worker learn to do this well?
Unfortunately, most of the large, popular career and job sites on the World Wide Web are devoted to finding, applying for and winning a new job. Most do not tell workers who already have a job how to improve their soft skills.
Smaller, and more obscure, subject-specific sites exist, but you have to hunt for them. Leading Edge Communications, for example has a site devoted to promoting publications and seminars on effective business communication. But is also offers an intriguing page of written exercises designed to teach people to communicate better. The Writing Center also offers books and seminars on writing better at work, and Summer Institute for Languages offers a tutorial on what constitutes written communication.
What else can a worker do? First, seek out a mentor among project leaders, managers or other more seniors, more experienced colleagues. Second, many businesses offer communications, assertiveness and team-building training courses. In addition, some career and recruiting experts advise clients to take public speaking classes, sign up for writing courses through university extension programs, and even try out for community- theater. Also, though many people who already have jobs think an employment agency or career counselor has nothing to offer them, such consultants often advise on communication, interpersonal and image strategies.
Image? Appearance can be an important part of soft skills. Remember that most communication is non-verbal. That can certainly be true during a job interview. An interviewer may become your new boss or colleague, and, as everyone knows, comes to an opinion about you based in part on appearance. Interviewers want to hire applicants with the best shot of fitting into the company’s culture-and most workplaces have a distinct culture. Appearance, from the way a candidate dresses to his body language, can tell an interviewer a lot about an applicant’s background, education, personality and outlook.
In fact soft skills may be a deciding factor at a job interview, which is often the venue for an employer to test a candidate’s communication or inter-personal skills. Can this candidate clearly and eloquently express his goals, or his ideas of how he will contribute to the company if hired? When asked how he would solve a technical problem, is his answer well-expressed and easy to understand? How much input did he have on projects at previous jobs and what kind of leadership roles did he take-meaning, did he take initiative, work well with a team, and communicate frequently during the old assignment? Does he establish a rapport with the interviewer and others he meets during the hiring process? Does he seem able to build relationships? Can he provide some writing samples?
Recruiters and employment specialists say that in the last few years, a job applicant’s performance in these areas has weighed more heavily in the decision of who to hire. In a survey last year, RHI Consulting, a high-tech recruiting firm, asked information technology managers what they looked for in employees. RHI says 85 percent responded that they want “well-developed soft skills,” and 68 percent believe those soft skills are more important now than five years ago.
Questions: (Please answer them on your Answer Sheet.)
1．When is communication different from conversation?
2．What does “effective communication” mean?
3．What could be considered non-verbal communication?
4．What functions could non-verbal communication serve?
5．How can you improve your soft skills?【答案】
1．Communication is distinct from mere conversation. Communication can be verbal, non-verbal or written, including telephone links, E-mail, writing reports, etc. On the contrary, conversation is often more than 90 percent non-verbal. So from this point we can see that conversation consists only a small part of communication.
2．Effective communication means the performance that people use verbal and non-verbal tools to provide the context and clarity to those who they are communicating with.
3．Non-verbal communication is expressive and manifest as opposed to being about something outside the communicator, including smells, gesture, body movements, etc.
4．Non-verbal communication offers the context of verbal communication and is powerful to disambiguate the content of linguistic expressions.
5．There’re many ways to improve the soft skills. We can seek out a mentor among project leaders, managers or other more seniors, more experienced colleagues. Also, we can seek help from expert counselors. Besides, we can take public speaking classes or sign up for writing courses.
II. Read the following passage and write a summary in CHINESE.（25%）
Remember the great Asian economic crisis? In late 1997 and 1998, it seemed to be the perfect doom-and-gloom story for fin de sickle eschatologists: The monetary crisis that had first erupted in Thailand in July 1997 was rippling throughout East Asia, to Russia, to Latin America, and then-watch out! It was only a matter of time before it would be coming to America. A new word, “contagion,” crept the mysterious way the crisis would spread.
Looking backward, it’s hard to see what the fuss was about. Most economists foresaw little damage to the U.S. from Asia’s problems.
But the time was ripe for pessimism. America’s economic expansion was in record-breaking territory（this year it became the longest expansion in U.S. history）, and forecasters were nervously scanning the horizon for signs of the next recession. The stock market, already at unheard-of levels（Dow 8000!）, seemed like nothing if not a bubble about to burst. All the bad news from Asia had to affect the U.S. somehow, didn’t it?
A well-publicized band of pessimists thought so. David Jones, chief economist at Aubrey G. Lanston, cut his estimate for 1998 real GDP growth to 1.6% in November 1997（it turned out to be 4.3%）. The Asian contagion, he told the Wall Street Journal, would produce “shock waves of pessimism emanating every three or four weeks in the stock market.”
The prognoses got drearier, and by October 1998 a no less august figure than former Fed Chairman Paul Volcker intoned at a speech in Washington, “Suddenly, it all seems in jeopardy. All that real growth-all the trillions in paper wealth creation-is at risk. What started as a blip on the radar screen in Thailand-about as far away from Washington or New York as you can get-has somehow turned into something of a financial contagion.”
Well today, less than a year and a half after that speech and just over 2 and a half years since the firs whiff of crisis, the final grades are in, and the pessimists flunked. Not only did the U.S. survive the Asian crisis-it roared through it with barely a gearshift. Neither the big drop in exports that was forecast not the mysterious contagion effect ever hit the U.S..
A recent postmortem by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis found that merchandise exports to Asia fell 12% in 1998 and notes that -other things being equal-this might have cut GDP growth by 0.4%. But as is often the case, other things were not equal, and even that modest decline never materialized. One reason is that manufacturers found other markets for their goods. In California, for example, exports to East Asian accounted for 47% of all manufactured goods in 1997. In 1998 exports to the region dropped 18.5%, but exports to all countries fell by only 1.6%. For the U.S. as a whole, merchandise exports in 1998 grew 3%.
What about “contagion”? It was always a slippery term, used when there was no apparent chain of events that could produce serious damage to the U.S. economy. The implication was that the banking system would be the point of infection.
But overall, U.S. banks weren’t that heavily exposed to the Asian economy. A recent study by the Federal Reserve Board found that total U.S. bank exposure to developing countries was $195 billion on June 30, 1997, with exposure to the five “troubled” economies-Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand-at $55 billion. While that’s a lot of money, it was just 1.9% of total bank
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