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西南科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年西南科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（A卷）及详解
Part One
Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30’)
1. UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织（United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization）
2. OPEC【答案】石油输出国家组织（Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries）
3. G20 Summit【答案】20国集团峰会
4. NATO【答案】北大西洋公约组织（North Atlantic Treaty Organization）
5. The ChiNext stock market【答案】创业板市场
6. IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织（International Monetary Fund）
7. IAEA【答案】国际原子能组织（International Atomic Energy Agency）
8. WTO【答案】世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization）
9. OECD【答案】经济合作与发展组织（Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development）
10. sustainable development【答案】可持续发展
11. per capita emissions【答案】人均排放量
12. the Internet of Things【答案】物联网
13. core proprietary intellectual property right【答案】知识产权核心专利
14. lump-sum compensation【答案】一次性赔偿
15. bonded area【答案】保税区；税地域
16. 国家高新技术产业开发区【答案】national high-tech industry development zone
17. 《易经》【答案】The Book of Changes
18. 空气动力学【答案】aerodynamics
19. 《三国演义》【答案】Romance of the Three Kingdoms
20. 循环经济【答案】circular economy
21. 节能减排【答案】energy conservation and emission reduction
22. 国家科技园【答案】national science and technology park
23. 低碳经济【答案】low-carbon economy
24. 天人合一【答案】unity of heaven and man
25. 物业税【答案】property tax
26. 和谐共赢【答案】harmony and all winners
27. 天府之国【答案】Land of Abundance
28. 平板电视【答案】flat-panel TV (FPTV)
29. 经济适用房【答案】economically affordable housing
30. 诚信缺失【答案】lack of credibility
Part Two
Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target languages respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’)
Source Text 1:
However mean your life is, meet it and live it; do not shun it and call it hard names. It is not so bad as you are. It looks poorest when you are richest. The fault-finder will find faults in paradise. Love your life, poor as it is. You may perhaps have some pleasant, thrilling, glorious hours, even in a poor-house. The setting sun is reflected from the windows of the alms-house as brightly as from the rich man’s abode; the snow melts before its door as early in the spring. I do not see but a quiet mind may live as contentedly there, and have as cheering thoughts, as in a palace. The town’s poor seem to me often to live the most independent lives of any. May be they are simply great enough to receive without misgiving. Most think that they are above being supported by the town; but it often happens that they are not above supporting themselves by dishonest means, which should be more disreputable. Cultivate poverty like a garden herb, like sage. Do not trouble yourself much to get new things, whether clothes or friends. Turn the old, return to them. Things do not change; we change. Sell your clothes and keep your thoughts.【参考译文】
无论生活对你多么苛刻，你都要坦然面对，好好生活，不要躲避，也不要恶言咒骂它。其实生活并不像你想象的那么糟。你最富有的时候，它反而最贫瘠。吹毛求疵的人，天堂他也能挑出毛病。即便生活不易，你也要热爱它。快活、激动和光荣的时光甚至在济贫院里也享受得到。夕阳照射在贫民居所的窗户上所反射的光同照在富人公寓的窗户上所反射的光一样耀眼夺目，都能使得门前的积雪在早春消融。虽然我没有亲见，但我可以感知到，济贫院里的人们一定是从容地、心满意足地生活着，犹如生活在宫殿中一般幸福快乐。在我看来，小镇上的穷人往往活得最为独立自在，或许是因为他们不必为是否要接受什么而劳神费力吧。不要自找麻烦地去追求新鲜事物，新衣物和新朋友。让旧物常新，回归旧物。万物不变，变的是我们。衣服可以卖掉，但要永存思想。
Source Text 2:
The simple word “art” is most usually associated with those arts which we distinguish as “plastic” or “visual”, but properly speaking it should include the arts of literature and music. There are certain characteristics common to all arts, and though in these notes we are concerned only with the plastic arts, a definition of what is common to all the arts is the best starting point of our enquiry. It was Schopenhauer who first said that all arts aspire to the condition of music; that remark has often been repeated, and has been the cause of a good deal of misunderstanding, but it does express an important truth. Schopenhauer was thinking of the abstract qualities of music; in music, and almost in music alone, it is possible for the artist to appeal to his audience directly, without the intervention of a medium of communication in common use for other purposes. The architect must express himself in buildings which have utilitarian purpose. The poet must use words which are bandied about in the daily give-and-take of conversation. The painter usually expresses himself by the representation of the visible world. Only the composer of music is perfectly free to create a work of art of his own consciousness, (the ideas and opinions of a person or group) and with no other aim than to please. But all artists have this same intention, the desire to please; and art is most simply and most usually defined as an attempt to create pleasing forms. Such forms satisfy our sense of beauty and the sense of beauty is satisfied when we are able to appreciate a unity or harmony of formal relations among our sense-perceptions.【参考译文】
艺术一词本身非常简单，但看到这个词我们时常联想到“造型艺术”和“视觉艺术”，在我们眼里，二者有很大区别。更准确地来说，艺术还包括文学艺术还有音乐艺术。所有的艺术都有某些共同点，但我们这里只谈造型艺术。认识到所有艺术都是有共同点的有利于我们的调查。叔本华第一个说一切艺术都向往着音乐的情态；人们经常引用这句话，而且这句话还造成了许多误解，但它确实表达出了一条重要的真理。叔本华这里说的是音乐的抽象性质。音乐家们可以只用音乐来直接吸引观众的注意力，其间不用像做其他事情那样和观众交流。建筑师必须用实用型的建筑物来表达自己的想法。诗人必须用日常对话中常常出现的词语来表达自己的想法，画家通常需要把这个世界画出来才能表达自己。只有作曲家才能完全免于用自己的意识（某一人或一团体的想法或者观点）来创造艺术作品，他们要做的只有取悦观众，没其他的目的。但是所有的艺术家都有同一目的，那就是取悦观众，而且我们常常很容易将艺术定义为一种取悦别人的行为。艺术满足我们对美的追求。我们可以欣赏感觉和知觉之间统一而又和谐的联系之时，我们的对美的追求就得到了满足。
Source Text 3:
在21世纪，机器人扮演的角色越来越多了，从代人临时照看小孩到去前线作战不一而足。机器人并非将要担当这么多角色，它们其实已经担当了这些角色。不过，它们不是以优异的逻辑思维能力和超强的力量来胜过人类，而是威胁创造一种不与人类交往的低等人类。一位杰出的科学家警告说，机器人在家庭、工作场所和战争中出现一定要受道德准则的监控，以约束敏感场合中机器人的使用，比如代人临时照看小孩、看顾老人和作战。2008年，在全世界范围内销售的可供专业服务的机器人估计已达550万个左右，到2011年，预计会增加一倍多，达到1150万台，面对如何使用这些机器，却没有多少或根本没有管控措施。一些机器人帮助忙碌的专业人员娱乐儿童，一些则帮助老人和残障人士进食和洗澡。【参考译文】
In the 21th century, robots get more roles to play, which are beyond our enumeration from babysitters to fighters on the battlefield. In fact, they are not going to take on those roles, but have undertaken such roles. However, they are not designed for transcending human beings in terms of superb logical thinking ability and superpower. Instead, they are threatening because they are inferior men that are insulated from interactions with us. One eminent scientist once warned that robots should be under the supervision of moral codes if they work in houses, working places and battlefield to constrain their working in some sensitive situations such as taking care children temporarily, looking after old men and combating. In 2008, there have been about 550,0000 robots that would be sold to offer professional services all over the world. It is forecasted that the number of robots will double and reach 115,00000 in 2011. However, there are few or even no control measures on how to use those machines. Some robots are used to help occupied professional staff amuse children while some are used to feed and bath old men and disabled persons.
Source Text 4:
与贫富差距并行不悖的是，政府的储蓄与支出增长速度远远超过民间消费。10年来，政府储蓄基本维持在10%，国有企业的储蓄大幅上升，2007年占GDP的比重为23%。相应地，居民消费率从l981年的最高点52.5%下降到2008年的35.3%。如果除去政府烟花晚会等等大手笔消费，我国消费数据会更难看。近二十多年来，世界平均消费率约为77%，而2007年我国消费率只为48.8%，低于世界平均水平28.2个百分点。我国消费率多年来总体呈现下降趋势，就是因为普通居民消费相对于迅猛攀升的GDP实在过低的缘故。【参考译文】
What is abreast of the increasing gap between the rich and the poor is that the growth rate of government’s deposits and expenditure far exceeds that of private consumption. During the past ten years, the growth rate government savings generally remains at 10%. The savings of state-owned enterprises has skyrocketed and accounted for 23% of GDP in 2007, and citizen consumption rate accordingly dropped from the highest record ever—52.5% in 1981 to 35.3% in 2008. If some huge expenditure such as spending on firework parties held by government is distracted, the consumption statistics of our country will be too astounding to look. In recent 20 years, the average consumption rate of the whole world is about 77% while that of our country only is 48.8% in 2017, which is 28.2% lower than the global average. Generally speaking, the reason why the consumption rate of our country has displayed a declining tendency for recent many years is that our citizen consumption is too little compared with the soaring GDP.
2011年西南科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（B卷）及详解
Part One
Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30’)
1. IOC【答案】国际奥林匹克委员会（International Olympic Committee）
2. FIFA【答案】国际足球联盟（Fédération Internationale de Football Association）
3. WHO【答案】世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）
4. APEC【答案】亚太经贸合作组织（Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation）
5. YWCA【答案】基督教女青年会（Young Women’s Christian Association）
6. UNDP【答案】联合国开发计划署（United Nations Development Program）
7. IRC【答案】国际红十字会（International Red Cross）
8. EU【答案】欧盟（European Union）
9. NAFTA【答案】北美自由贸易协定（North American Free Trade Agreement）
10. renewable energy resources【答案】可再生能源
11. property bubble【答案】房地产泡沫
12. tertiary industry【答案】第三产业
13. wind tunnel【答案】风洞
14. surface mounting technology【答案】表面安装技术
15. government-subsidized housing【答案】保障性安居工程
16. 《诗经》【答案】The Book of Songs
17. 《大学》【答案】The Great Learning
18. 实体经济【答案】the real economy
19. 国家级自然保护区【答案】national nature reserve
20. 综合国力【答案】comprehensive national power/strength
21. 转变发展方式【答案】transformation of development mode
22. 自主创新能力【答案】independent innovation capability
23. 盲目投资【答案】blind investment
24. 诚信友爱【答案】honesty and fraternity
25. 二氧化碳排放【答案】carbon emission
26. 生态补偿机制【答案】mechanism for ecological compensation
27. 依法行政【答案】administration according to law
28. 科技创业园【答案】Science and technology innovation Park
29. 社会保障体系【答案】social security system
30. 行政事业性收费【答案】administrative fees
Part Two
Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target languages respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’)
Source Text 1:
Youth is not a time of life; it’s a state of mind; it’s not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it’s a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, vigor of the emotions; it’s the freshness of the deep springs of life. Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for the adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spring back to dust. Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart, there is a wireless station: so long as it receives message of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long are you young. When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at 80.【参考译文】
青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、朱唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志、无限的遐想和炙热的恋情；青春如生命的深泉在涌流。青春气贯长虹，勇锐盖过怯弱，进取压倒苟安。如此锐气，二十后生而有之，六旬老者更多见。年岁有加，并非垂老；理想丢弃，方堕暮年。岁月悠悠，于肌肤上显露印记；热忱抛却，颓废必至灵魂。烦忧、惶恐、丧失自信，定使心灵扭曲，意气如灰。无论年届花甲，抑或二八芳龄，心中皆有奇迹之诱惑、孩童般的好奇以及生命之欢乐。人人心中皆有无线电台，只要它从天上人间接受美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量的信号，你就青春永驻。一旦天线下降，锐气便被冰雪覆盖，玩世不恭、自暴自弃油然而生，即使年方二十，实已垂垂老矣；然则只是竖起天线，捕捉乐观信号，你就有望在八十高龄告别尘寰时仍觉青春相伴左右。
Source Text 2:
Any general theory of art must begin with this supposition: that man responds to the shape and surface and mass of things present to his senses, and that certain arrangements in the proportion of the shape and surface and mass of things result in a pleasurable sensation, whilst the lack of such arrangement leads to indifference or even to positive discomfort and revulsion. The sense of pleasurable relations is the sense of beauty; the opposite sense is the sense of ugliness. It is possible, of course, that some people are quite unaware of proportions in the physical aspect of things. Just as some people are color-blind, so others may be blind to shape and surface and mass. But just as people who are color-blind are comparatively rare, so there is every reason to believe that people wholly unaware of the other visible properties of objects are equally rare. They are more likely to be undeveloped...Most of our misconceptions of art arise from a lack of consistency in the use of the words art and beauty. It might be said that we are only consistent in our misuse of them. We always assume that all that is beautiful is art, or that all art is beautiful, that what is not beautiful is not art, and that ugliness is the negation of art. This identification of art and beauty is at the bottom of all our difficulties in the appreciation of art, and even in people who are acutely sensitive to aesthetic impressions in general, this assumption acts like an unconscious censor in particular cases when art is not beauty. For art is not necessarily beauty: that cannot be said too often or too blatantly. Whether we look at the problem historically (considering what art has been in past ages) or sociologically (considering what art actually is in its present-day manifestation all over the world) we find that art often has been or often is a thing of no beauty.【参考译文】
任何艺术理论一开始都会阐明这样一条假设：如果一个人的面前放着一些东西，他会对这些物品的形状，外观还有质量做出反应，如果物品的形状，外观还有质量排列有序、比例得当的话，那么物品必定赏心悦目，但如果此它们排列不当，那么人就不会对它们感兴趣，甚至会感到不舒服，反感。如果人感到快乐的话，那么说明物品很美，如果人感到厌恶的话，说明物品很丑。当然，也有可能是有些人对物体的比例无感。就像有些人是色盲一样，也有人对物体的形状，外观以及质量无感。但色盲是少数，同样地我们有理由相信对物体完全无辨识能力的人也不常见。更可能的原因是这些人的辨识能力尚未得到开发。我们对艺术的误解大部分都是因为不能正确地使用两个词：艺术和美。据说，我们只有在误用这两个词时，才会觉得连贯。我们总是认为所有美的东西都是艺术，所有艺术作品都是美的，不美的东西都不是艺术，所有丑的东西都是在否定艺术。欣赏艺术作品时，我们首先想到的就是美与艺术是对等的，就连那些对美的东西反应很敏感的人也不自觉地以此说法作为检验美丑的标准，特别在是艺术作品不美的特殊情况下。因为人们不常或者不直白地说出艺术不等于美。无论我们从历史的角度（就是认为艺术存在于过去）还是社会的角度（就是认为艺术实际上是艺术品在当今世界上的释义）来看这个问题，我们会发现艺术品从过去到现在一直都是不美的东西。
Source Text 3:
上瘾，简言之，是一种不停重复某种特定行为的无法控制的冲动。酒精、香烟、视频游戏和网络冲浪都是众所周知的上瘾易发领域。如今，在中国，一种新型的上瘾，我称之为“手机上瘾”，似乎已经感染了许多人。强迫性使用手机的例子在我们周围比比皆是。购物者经常在购物时中断购物；饭店用餐者中断吃饭；行人暂停悠闲漫步，所有这一切只为拨打或接听手机。再者，正在骑车和驾车的人经常等不及到达目的地就拿出手机边行驶边打。还有很多人即使没有电话可打，无聊时也会摆弄他们的手机。手机上瘾后果严重。像其他令人上瘾的东西一样，它使得上瘾者对他们的行为给周围的人的影响浑然不觉。经常可以看到手机上瘾者在拥挤的公众场合对着他们的手机大吼，吵吵嚷嚷干扰着身旁的每个人。本来他们可以轻易地稍等几分钟，等购物或用餐结束后再打或回电话的。【参考译文】
Addiction, to put it simply, is a kind of uncontrollable impulsion that people can’t stop repeating a certain specific behavior. Alcohol, cigarettes, video games and internet surfing are well-known fields that can foster addiction. At present, there is a new type addiction in China which I call “mobile phone addiction.” It seems that many people have been infected because compulsive mobile phone users can be seen everywhere and beyond enumeration. Shoppers often stop shopping, eaters in dinners stop eating and pedestrians stop walking to call or answer phones. Besides, bicyclers and drivers often can’t wait to arrive at destinations and pick up phones over bicycling or driving. There are many people thumbing their smartphones when they get bored even if they have no calls to make. The result of mobile phone addiction is as severe as that of other addiction and addicts often ignore the influences that their behaviors exert on others. What we can often see in packed public places is that addicts shout to their phones, annoying everyone around them. They can wait for several minutes to call or answer phones after they finish shopping or eating.
Source Text 4:
非政府组织的这种幼稚状态折射着公益的贫困和爱的贫困。而要在这方面逐渐脱贫，制度变革无疑是当务之急。至少，一个把几乎百分之九十的草根NGO关在门外的注册制度，一个让几乎百分之九十的草根NGO不能不为合法名分而苦苦挣扎的注册制度，无论如何不能说是正常的。如何以制度变革加大对内开放即向自己的人民开放的力度，给公益多一些出口，给爱多一些机会，这已经是中国社会发展绕不开的坎。国家民政部调整非政府组织注册的相关法规的传言之所以耸动一时，正反映了公众在这方面的普遍关注和普遍焦虑。民意沸腾，压力或者说动力强劲，当道诸公何妨顺水推舟？【参考译文】
The immature non-governmental organizations reflect the lack of love and philanthropy. System reform should be given top priority without doubt if we want to get rid of problems in this field. At least, the registration system that is inaccessible to almost 90% NGO and makes 90% NGO struggle for a legitimate position is far more than abnormal. How to make philanthropy accessible to our own people through system reform and give more chances to love has been an insurmountable problem in the development of Chinese society. The reason why the rumor that ministry of civil affairs is going to adjust some related laws on the registration of NGO becomes such a blockbuster is that it has arose widespread concern and anxiety of the public. Why don’t the authorities, under so strong pressure or impetus, choose to make use of this opportunity and follow people’s high spirit?
2012年西南科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题（A卷）及详解
Part Ⅰ. Lexical Translation (30 points, 60 minutes)
Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (60’)
1. wage ceiling【答案】最高工资
2. left-luggage office【答案】行李寄存处
3. exchange of letters【答案】书信往来
4. the Mogao Grottoes【答案】莫高窟
5. statement of accounts【答案】账目表；账单
6. cash on hand【答案】库存现金；手存现金
7. price free on board【答案】船上交货价
8. rejuvenation of population【答案】人口年轻化
9. compulsory insurance【答案】强制保险
10. anemometer【答案】风速表
11. closed-circuit television【答案】闭路电视
12. broadband network【答案】宽带网络
13. Good Friday【答案】耶稣受难日（复活节前的星期五）
14. loose-leaf catalogue【答案】活页目录
15. exclusive news【答案】独家新闻
16. 流动资本【答案】circulating capital
17. 货到付款【答案】cash against delivery
18. 后视镜【答案】rear-view mirror
19. 机械故障【答案】mechanical failure
20. 整顿经济秩序【答案】rectify economic order
21. 荒地【答案】waste land
22. 粗放耕种【答案】extensive farming
23. 通俗文学【答案】light literature
24. 写生画【答案】painting or sketch from nature
25. 持械抢劫【答案】armed robbery
26. 工业学校【答案】technical school
27. 原始森林【答案】primary forest
28. 逮捕证【答案】arrest warrant
29. 客座教授【答案】visiting professor
30. 人大代表【答案】deputy to the National People’s Congress
Part Ⅱ. Text Translation (120 points, 120 minutes)
Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target languages respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’)
Source Text 1:
The American Psychological Association defines resilience as the ability to adapt in the face of adversity, trauma or tragedy. A resilient person may go through difficulty and uncertainty, but he or she will doggedly bounce back.
Optimism is one of the central traits required in building resilience, say Yale University investigators in the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. They add that resilient people learn to hold on their sense of humor and this can help them to keep a flexible attitude when big changes of plan are warranted. The ability to accept your lot with equanimity also plays an important role, the study adds.
One of the best ways to acquire resilience is through experiencing a difficult childhood, the sociologist Steven Stack reports in the Journal of Social Psychology. For example, short men are less likely to commit suicide than tall guys, he says, because the short people develop psychological defense skills to handle the bullies and mickey-taking that their lack of stature attracts. By contrast, those who enjoyed adversity-free youths can get derailed by setbacks later on because they have never been inoculated against agro.
If you are handicapped by having had a happy childhood, then practicing proactive optimism can help you to become more resilient. Studies of resilient people show that they take more risks; they court failure and learn not to fear it.
And despite being thick-skinned, resilient types are also more open than average to other people. Bouncing through knockbacks is all part of the process. It is about optimistic risk-taking—being confident that people will like you. Simply smiling and being warm to people can help. It is an altruistic path to self-interest—and if it achieves nothing else, it will reinforce an age-old adage: hard times can bring out the best in you.【参考译文】
美国心理学会将韧性定义为人面对困难、创伤或悲剧时依旧能应付自如的能力。有韧性的人可能会遇到困难和不确定的事儿，但是他
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]