高考英语语法精讲精练(高考英语系列)(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


发布时间:2020-07-18 22:34:17

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作者:籍万杰

出版社:浙江教育出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

高考英语语法精讲精练(高考英语系列)

高考英语语法精讲精练(高考英语系列)试读:

前言

很多同学学习了多年英语,做了大量的单项选择题,但是对语法仍然没有形成一个系统的概念,一直找不到解题的方法和技巧,英语语法成为了制约这些学生提高英语成绩的瓶颈。其实,语法是英语中规律性很强的一个项目,高考对各语法项目的考查也有着其特有的规律。很多语法项目,同学们只要记住三两句口诀,并进行适当的典型题目的训练,就可以轻松掌握。

市面上的语法工具书浩如烟海,大部头语法书也是层出不穷,这常常让同学们摸不到边际。那么对于高中生,尤其是高三的备考生来说,什么样的语法书才最为有效呢?笔者认为,考生在时间有限、精力有限的情况下,翻阅语法词典、逐条背诵语法条目,势必会造成“眉毛胡子一把抓”,导致复习效率低下。因此,这本小册子不求面面俱到、穷尽语法条目,而是完全针对高考,将语法知识与高考真题相结合,直击高考考点,让同学们在有限的时间内,快速把握高考英语语法考点,洞察高考命题方向,提高应试能力。

高考单项填空题不外乎考查词法、句法、特殊句式和交际用语这四个部分。本书将高考英语语法按照这四个部分进行划分,依据最新高考英语考试大纲中的语法项目表,列举出高考的考查要点,并辅以最新考例及其解析,力争达到全面覆盖考点,解析简明透彻,规律易于掌握,习题典型精炼。

本书凝结了笔者十几年来高中英语一线教学经验及对高考真题的潜心研究,书中的内容在教学实践中也得到了充分验证。在此,感谢北京新东方大愚文化传播有限公司的工作人员,正是由于他们的辛苦工作,本书才得以出版发行。愿这本小册子能够陪伴你在高考备考的道路上,披荆斩棘,奋勇前行,顺利抵达你人生理想中的高峰!籍万杰第一章词法第一节名词考点

综合近几年高考对名词的考查可知,其常考点主要为:名词的可数与不可数;抽象名词具体化;名词的普通格、所有格以及双重所有格作定语;名词作定语;名词词义辨析等。一、名词的数

名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。个体名词和集合名词一般是可数的;物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词一般是不可数的,但应注意具体名词抽象化和抽象名词具体化,这是高考考查的热点。【考例】 I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting).(2015新课标I)【答案】 that / which;paintings【解析】 本题考查定语从句关系词的使用和名词的数。64题前面是名词,再结合句意,后面的内容修饰前面的名词,应该是定语从句。定语从句中缺少主语并且指物,所以填关系代词that或which。65题括号中给出的提示词是名词。根据其在句中的位置和句意,此处还应该填名词,前面有形容词many和Chinese,所以此处用名词复数形式paintings。【考例】 While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.(2014新课标Ⅰ)【答案】 changes【解析】 本题考查名词的单复数以及主谓一致。括号中给出了一个名词change。从句子结构来看,空格处的单词在定冠词the之后,并且在谓语动词are之前,应填入名词的复数形式。二、名词的格

英语中表示有生命的东西的名词,其所有格一般在名词后加“'s”,无生命的东西常用of属格。但表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词,也用加“'s”来构成所有格。如:today's newspaper, ten minutes' walk, China's industry等。【考例】 The ____ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into ____ car. (2009江西卷)

A. girl's; Tom's

B. girls'; Toms'

C. girls'; Tom's

D. girl's; Toms'【答案】 C【解析】 本题考查名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知第一空对应复数girls。复数名词的所有格直接在其后面加“'”;第二空表示Tom的汽车,故在Tom后加“'s”。三、名词作定语

名词可以用作定语修饰后面的名词,表示类别、处所、材料、时间、功能、用途等,名词作定语时通常要用单数形式。如:

a shoe shop(鞋店)、street lamps(路灯)、a cotton blouse(棉布罩衫)、morning exercises(早操)、a book case(书柜)【考例】 The ____ is just around the corner and you won't miss it. (2001上海春季卷)

A. bicycle's shop

B. bicycle shop

C. bicycles shop

D. bicycles' shop【答案】 B【解析】 bicycle是无生命的东西,不用“'s”所有格形式作定语;使用名词作定语时,作定语的名词应使用单数形式。【考例】 He dropped the ____ and broke it.(1993全国卷)

A. cup of coffee

B. coffee's cup

C. cup for coffee

D. coffee cup【答案】 D【解析】 coffee是无生命的东西,不用“'s”所有格形式作定语;应使用名词作定语。

作定语的名词通常使用单数形式,但是man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时,作定语的man和woman也应使用复数形式。例如:

All the women doctors in the hospital got a rise in salary last month.上个月医院里的所有女大夫涨工资了。四、名词词义辨析和习惯用法

近年来的高考试题语境化程度越来越高,经常考查名词词义在具体语境中的细微差异;同时,地道的英语惯用法的掌握情况也是命题者测试的热点。【考例】 There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ____ and then let me know.(2015安徽卷)

A. thought

B. support

C. protection

D. authority【答案】 A【解析】 本题考查名词词义辨析。句意为:你现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。你再考虑一下,然后告诉我。thought意为“思想;想法;关心;思索”;support意为“支撑;支持者”;protection意为“保护”;authority意为“权威;权力”。根据句意可知应填thought。give it some thought意思是“考虑一下”。【考例】 Her ____ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education. (2014湖北卷)

A. motivation

B. qualification

C. talent

D. technique【答案】 A【解析】 本题考查名词词义辨析。句意为:她写作的动机是出于对女性获得高等教育权利的渴望。motivation意为“动机”;qualification意为“资格,条件”;talent意为“天才,才干”;technique意为“技巧,技术”。根据句意可知应该选择A项。【考例】 — Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?

— Well, you know, English is my ____ So it is my best choice.(2012福建卷)

A. strength

B. talent

C. ability

D. skill【答案】 A【解析】 本题考查名词词义辨析。本题为对话形式的考题,根据问话者提问“你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作”和答话者答语后半句的进一步解释“这是我最好的选择”可知本空指的是“英语是我的强项”。strength意为“优势,强项,长处”,与weakness是反义词,符合语境和句意。talent意为“天赋,才能,天才”,ability意为“才能,能力”,skill意为“技术,技巧”,都与句意不符。【考例】 There's a ____ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.(2011山东卷)

A. tradition

B. balance

C. concern

D. relationship【答案】 A【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。句意为:在我们办公室有个传统——当有人过生日的时候,过生日的同事会带蛋糕与我们所有人分享。tradition意为“传统;惯例”;balance意为“平衡”; concern意为“关注”; relationship意为“关系”。由句意可知答案为A。【考例】 China has got a good ____ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. (2009安徽卷)

A. reputation

B. influence

C. impression

D. knowledge【答案】 A【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。reputation“名誉,声望”; influence“影响”; impression“印象”;knowledge“知识”。根据句意:中国由于精心和严密的组织,在抗击流感的战役中赢得了良好的“声誉”,可知应该选择A项。巩固练习

1. To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion "Save Our ____ ".(2008安徽卷)

A. Sky

B. Life

C. Arts

D. Voices

2. What's the ____ of having a public open space where you can't eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? (2008福建卷)

A. sense

B. matter

C. case

D. opinion

3. — I can't repair these until tomorrow, I'm afraid.

— That's OK, there's ____ .(2008江苏卷)

A. no problem

B. no wonder

C. no doubt

D. no hurry

4. — Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?

— Because the old one has been damaged ____ .(2008江苏卷)

A. beyond reach

B. beyond repair

C. beyond control

D. beyond description

5. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real ____ .(2008山东卷)

A. exchange

B. bargain

C. trade

D. business

6. — Shall we go out for a walk?

— Sorry. This is not the right ____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.(2008江西卷)

A. moment

B. situation

C. place

D. chance

7. Dogs have a very good ____ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.(2008浙江卷)

A. sense

B. view

C. means

D. idea

8. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly ____ .(2008湖北卷)

A. atmosphere

B. state

C. situation

D. phenomenon

9. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.(2008天津卷)

A. fuels

B. articles

C. goods

D. products

10. The young man made a ____ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. (2008湖北卷)

A. prediction

B. promise

C. plan

D. contribution

11. My morning ____ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast. (2007上海卷)

A. drill

B. action

C. regulation

D. routine

12. I can't say which wine is best—it's a(n) ____ of personal taste. (2007山东卷)

A. affair

B. event

C. matter

D. variety

13. The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common ____ in many parts of the city. (2007安徽卷)

A. look

B. sign

C. sight

D. appearance

14. — I wonder why John is always full of ____ .

— He takes exercise every morning.

A. dream

B. luck

C. strength

D. energy

15. Despite such a big difference in ____ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. (2007湖北卷)

A. point

B. idea

C. attitude

D. sight

16. AIDS control and prevention is a ____ to China as well as the whole world. (2007上海春季卷)

A. surprise

B. challenge

C. reaction

D. threat

17. He and his wife are of the same ____ ; they both want their son to go to college. (2007陕西卷)

A. soul

B. spirit

C. heart

D. mind

18. In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ____ for everyone to stand up.(2009湖北卷)

A. signal

B. chance

C. mark

D. measure

19. Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular ____ for a wedding in some countries. (2007浙江卷)

A. way

B. situation

C. event

D. choice

20. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a ____ of exercise. (2007辽宁卷)

A. limit

B. lack

C. need

D. demand

21. — I'd like ____ advice about the study of English.

— Well, you could have ____ word with Mr. Wang who has just been home from the United States. He might be helpful.

A. an; some

B. an; a

C. some; a

D. some; some

22. — Isn't it getting dark earlier tonight?

— I think so. I see ____ is on already.

A. the street light

B. the light of the street

C. the street's light

D. the light street

23. The shop at the street corner sells ____ clothing.

A. child's and woman's

B. children and women's

C. children's and women

D. children's and women's

24. She knows that as a secretary she must be pleasant and helpful no matter how busy she is or what kind of ____ she may be in.

A. mood

B. mind

C. form

D. thought

25. ____ will make a trip around the world during the coming year.

A. The Blacks

B. The Blacks'

C. The Black

D. Blacks

26. The airport is ____ from my hometown.

A. two hour's ride

B. two hours'ride

C. two hour ride

D. two hours ride

27. On the wall is a photo of my mother who had black ____ , but now she has some white ____.

A. hairs; hair

B. hair; hairs

C. hair; hair

D. hairs; hairs

28. — What would you like, sir?

— ____ , please.

A. Two cups of teas

B. Two teas

C. Two cup of tea

D. Two cups tea

29. — Do you enjoy skating?

— Yes, skating on real ice is ____ .

A. great funny

B. a great fun

C. great fun

D. great funs

30. As the plane came down through the clouds, green fields and white houses came into ____ .

A. light

B. sight

C. eyes

D. effect第二节冠词考点

冠词是历年高考单项填空必考的语法项目之一,一般每年有一道小题,设空大都为两处。而且冠词也是语法填空常考的考点。冠词分值虽然不大,但失分率较高。这主要是因为冠词用法比较灵活,往往随着语境的变化而变化,并且固定搭配和特例较多。但这并不意味着冠词的用法就无规律可循。综观历年高考试题,可以发现对冠词的考查主要涉及不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词以及固定用法等方面。一、不定冠词的用法

1. 辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前用a;元音音素开头的单数可数名词前用an。【考例】 Life is like ____ ocean; Only ____ strong-willed can reach the other shore. (2014天津卷)

A. an; the

B. the; a

C. the; /

D. /; a【答案】 A【解析】 句意为:生活就像海洋,只有意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。本题第一空使用不定冠词an修饰以元音音素开头的ocean,泛指“一片海洋”。第二空后的strong-willed是一个形容词,在形容词前面加定冠词the表示“一类人”或者“一类事物”。the strong-willed指“意志坚强的人”。【考例】 It is generally accepted that ____ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ____ man. (2011全国卷)

A. a; a

B. a; the

C. the; the

D. a; 不填【答案】 A【解析】 句意为:人们普遍认为,男孩子必须学会站起来,像一个男人一样去战斗。boy和man均为单数可数名词,故前面应该加冠词,又因为此处为泛指,表一类人,且均为辅音音素开头的单词,故应加不定冠词,答案为A。

2. 不定冠词a / an用于单数可数名词前,表泛指,说明事物的种类或类属。它往往含有“一”的意思,但侧重说明“种类”,而不强调数量。【考例】 It's ____ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ____ pleasure.(2010福建卷)

A. 不填;a

B. a;不填

C. the;a

D. a;the【答案】 B【解析】 句意为:对人们来说,欣赏上海世博会的感觉很好,这可以带给他们快乐。a good feeling意思是“一种美好的感觉”;pleasure此处是抽象名词,无需冠词。

3. 不定冠词a / an可用于具体化的抽象名词或物质名词前。

有一些抽象名词或物质名词在一定情况下,特别是有限制性定语修饰时,意义往往具体化,变为可数名词,其前要加不定冠词。【考例】 Being able to afford ____ drink would be ____ comfort in those tough times.(2012山东卷)

A. the; the

B. a; a

C. a; 不填

D. 不填; a【答案】 B【解析】 句意为:在那些艰难的岁月里,能够有钱买杯酒喝就是种慰藉了。drink意为“饮料;酒”,为物质名词,comfort意为“安慰”,为抽象名词,它们通常都作不可数名词用,但此处属于物质名词转化为可数名词、抽象名词转化为具体名词的情况,此时它们的前面可以加上不定冠词。句中的a drink表示“一杯酒”,a comfort意为“令人感到安慰的人或事物”。【考例】 When you finish reading the book, you will have ____ better understanding of ____ life.(2004辽宁卷)

A. a; the

B. the; a

C. 不填; the

D. a; 不填【答案】 D【解析】 understanding本来是抽象名词,通常其前不加冠词。但在本句中,其前有形容词比较级better修饰,其后又有of短语修饰,要加不定冠词。life在此是表泛指的抽象名词,其前不用冠词。

4. 世界上独一无二的事物前面通常加定冠词the,但是其前有修饰语时,应使用不定冠词。【考例】 We can never expect ____ bluer sky unless we create ____ less polluted world. (2009安徽卷)

A. a; a

B. a; the

C. the; a

D. the; the【答案】 A【解析】 sky和world都是表示世界上独一无二的专有名词,前面通常加定冠词,但是本题中两个名词前面都加了修饰语,应使用不定冠词。二、定冠词的用法

1. 定冠词the用在表特指的单数可数名词、复数名词或不可数名词前,指前面已经提到或说话双方都能体会到或明了的人或事,或有一定语境明确地限制其范围或确定其为某一具体的人或事物。【考例】 I just heard ____ bank where Dora works was robbed by ____gunman wearing a mask.(2015重庆卷)

A. the; /

B. a; /

C. the; a

D. a; the【答案】 C【解析】 句意为:我刚刚听说多拉工作的银行被一个戴面具的枪手抢劫了。第一空特指“多拉所工作的银行”,应使用定冠词;第二空泛指“一个戴面具的枪手”,应使用不定冠词。【考例】 ____ village where I was born has grown into ____ town.(2014陕西卷)

A. The; a

B. A; the

C. The; the

D. A; a【答案】 A【解析】 句意为:我出生的那个村庄已经发展为一个城镇。第一空后面有定语从句,特指“我出生的那个村庄”,故用定冠词the;第二空泛指“一个城镇”,用不定冠词a。

2. 定冠词the用于单数可数名词前,从整体上表示一类人或事物。【考例】 The warmth of ____ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ____ wool used. (2001全国卷)

A. the; the

B. the; 不填

C. 不填; the

D. 不填; 不填【答案】 B【解析】 sweater是可数名词,其前加定冠词the表示“毛衣”这一种类,着眼于整体。wool为泛指意义的不可数名词,不加冠词。

3. 定冠词用于形容词、副词最高级或序数词前。但当序数词不表顺序,而表示“再一”、“又一”时,使用不定冠词。【考例】 Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ____ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ____ thirteenth century.(2013陕西卷)

A. the; a

B. a; /

C. /; the

D. the; the【答案】 D【解析】 句意为:据说在13世纪,马可·波罗在去爪哇岛的航行途中经过了太平洋。在山脉、江河、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾、运河等专有名词前要用定冠词the,因此第一空Pacific Ocean前面要用定冠词the;而第二空后的名词century被序数词修饰,序数词前面也应用定冠词the。故该题的正确答案为D。【考例】 He missed ____ gold in the high jump, but will get ____ second chance in the long jump.(2012全国大纲卷)

A. the; the

B. 不填; a

C. the; a

D. a; 不填【答案】 C【解析】 句意为:他在跳高比赛中失去了金牌,但是在跳远比赛中还有一次机会。第一空特指跳高比赛中的“金牌”,故用定冠词the;根据句意,第二空表示“再一,又一”,此时序数词前应使用不定冠词a,不用定冠词the。

4. 姓氏的复数前加定冠词表示“一家人”。【考例】 — Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?

— Sorry, we don't have ____ Johnson here in the village.(2007全国卷II )

A. the; the

B. the; a

C. 不填; the

D. the; 不填【答案】 B【解析】 姓氏的复数加定冠词表示“一家人”;不定冠词a可以用于专有名词前表示“某一个”或“一个叫……的人”。【考例】 — Who did you spend last weekend with?

— ____. (1998上海卷)

A. Palmer's

B. The Palmers'

C. The Palmers

D. The Palmer's【答案】 C【解析】 问话者的意思是“你上个周末与谁一起度过的?”,回答应是“与Palmer一家人度过的”。

5. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常加定冠词。【考例】 As is known to all, ____ People's Republic of China is ____biggest developing country in the world. (2011陕西卷)

A. the;不填

B. 不填;the

C. the;the

D. 不填;不填【答案】 C【解析】 the People's Republic of China是由普通名词构成的专有名词,其前应加定冠词;形容词最高级前也应使用定冠词,故选C。三、考查零冠词和固定用法

1. 抽象化的具体名词前使用零冠词。【考例】 If you go by ____ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get ____ fast one.(2005全国卷Ⅲ)

A. the; the

B. 不填; a

C. the; a

D. 不填;不填【答案】 B【解析】 by train / plane...是习惯用法,名词前不使用冠词;one作为替代词,其前可有自己的修饰语,表示泛指,须用不定冠词。

2. man意为“人类”,word意为“消息”时,其前使用零冠词。【考例】 Animals are obviously ____ lower form of life than ____ man.(2013江西卷)

A. a; /

B. the; the

C. a; the

D. /; /【答案】 A【解析】 句意为:动物与人类相比显然是一种较为低等的生命形式。第一空表示“一种较为低等的生命形式”,用表示泛指的a;第二空man意为“人类”,不用加冠词。

3. 球类、三餐以及学科名词前通常使用零冠词。【考例】 She is ____ newcomer to ____ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. (1994全国卷)

A. the; the

B. the; 不填

C. a; 不填

D. a; the【答案】 C【解析】 newcomer是可数名词,在此表示泛指;chemistry是学科名词,不加冠词。

4. 表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词,在句中用作表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或同位语时,其前一般使用零冠词。【考例】 Sam has been appointed ____ manager of the engineering department to take ____ place of George.(2012重庆卷)

A. /; /

B. the; /

C. the; the

D. /; the【答案】 D【解析】 句意为:山姆已经被任命代替乔治的职位,担当工程部的经理。manager意为“职位,头衔”,并且在句中作主语补足语,其前要使用零冠词。take the place of意为“代替”,为固定搭配。巩固练习

1. Have you heard ____ news?The price of ____ petrol is going up again! (2008湖南卷)

A. the; the

B. 不填; the

C. the; 不填

D. 不填; 不填

2. We went right round to the west coast by ____ sea instead of driving across ____ continent.(2008江苏卷)

A. the; the

B. 不填; the

C. the; 不填

D. 不填; 不填

3. Students should be encouraged to use ____ Internet as ____ resource.(2008山东卷)

A. 不填;a

B. 不填; the

C. the; the

D. the; a

4. — I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.

— It is not your fault. With ____ rush-hour traffic and ____ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.(2008江西卷)

A. a; a

B. the; the

C. 不填; 不填

D. 不填; a

5. My neighbor asked me to go for ____ walk, but I don't think I've got ____ energy. (2008辽宁卷)

A. a; 不填

B. the; the

C. 不填; the

D. a; the

6. It's not ____ good idea to drive for four hours without ____ break. (2008全国II)

A. a; a

B. the; a

C. the; the

D. a; the

7. I ate ____ sandwich while I was waiting for ____ 20: 08 train.(2008陕西卷)

A. the; a

B. the; the

C. a; the

D. a; a

8. In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ____ country where more jobs can be found. (2008四川卷)

A. a; the

B. the; a

C. the; the

D. a; a

9. ____ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ____ head.(2008浙江卷)

A. An; the

B. The; the

C. An; 不填

D. The; 不填

10. In many places in China, ____ bicycle is still ____ popular means of transportation. (2008重庆卷)

A. a; the

B. 不填; a

C. the; a

D. the; the

11. — I'd like to call on ____ smiths this afternoon.

— Have ____ nice day. (2007全国卷II)

A. a; the

B. the; a

C. the; 不填

D. 不填; the

12. ____ walk is expected to last all day, so bring ____ packed lunch. (2007山东卷)

A. A; a

B. The; 不填

C. The; a

D. A; 不填

13. — How about ____ Christmas evening party? (2007福建卷)

— I should say it was ____ success.

A. a; a

B. the; a

C. a; 不填

D. the; 不填

14. I looked under ____ bed and found ____ book I lost last week. (2007北京卷)

A. the; a

B. the; the

C. 不填; the

D. the; 不填

15. Polar bears live mostly on ____ sea ice, which they use as ____ platform for hunting seals. (2007湖南卷)

A. a; a

B. a; the

C. 不填; a

D. the; 不填

16. We have every reason to believe that ____ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be ____ success.(2007江苏卷)

A. 不填; a

B. the; 不填

C. the; a

D. a; a

17. Many people have come to realize that they should go on ____ balanced diet and make ____ room in their day for exercise. (2007江西卷)

A. a; 不填

B. the; a

C. the; the

D. 不填; a

18. In ____ film Cast Away, Tom Hanks plays ____ man named Chuck Noland. (2007 陕西卷)

A. a; the

B. the; a

C. the; the D. a; a

19. How about taking ____ short break? I want to make ____ call. (2007四川卷)

A. the; a

B. a; the

C. the; the

D. a; a

20. I wanted to catch ____ early train, but couldn't get ____ ride to the station. (2007天津卷)

A. an; the

B. 不填; the

C. an; 不填

D. the; a

21. I like ____ color of your skirt. It is ____ good match for your blouse. (2007浙江卷)

A. a; the

B. a; a

C. the; a

D. the; the

22. Gorge couldn't remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was ____ Sunday because everybody was at ____ church. (2007重庆卷)

A. 不填; the

B. the; 不填

C. a; 不填

D. 不填; a

23. Christmas is ____ special holiday when ____ whole family are supposed to get together.(2007辽宁卷)

A. the; the

B. a; a

C. the; a

D. a; the

24. Washing machines made by China have won ____ worldwide attention and Haier has become ____ popular name.(2009重庆卷)

A. a; the

B. 不填; a

C. 不填; the

D. the; a

25. What I need is ____ book that contains ____ ABC of oil painting.(2009全国卷II)

A. a; 不填

B. the; 不填

C. the; an

D. a; the

26. The biggest whale is ____ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ____ 9-story building.(2009北京卷)

A. the; the

B. a; a

C. a; the

D. the; a

27. Let's go to ____ cinema—that'll take your mind off the problem for ____ while. (2009全国卷I)

A. the; the

B. the; a

C. a; the

D. a; a

28. What ____ pity that you couldn't be there to receive ____ prize!(2009陕西卷)

A. a; a

B. the; a

C. a; the

D. the; the

29. In order to find ____ better job, he decided to study ____ second foreign language. (2009四川卷)

A. the; a

B. a; a

C. the; the

D. a; the

30. I don't understand what the engineer means, but I've got ____ rough idea of ____ Project plan.(2009浙江卷)

A. the; a

B. 不填; the

C. the; 不填

D. a; the第三节代词考点

代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。代词如此庞杂,如何复习,并将其掌握好呢?研读历年高考试题我们可以发现,出现频率最高的是不定代词,其次是it用法、疑问代词、反身代词以及人称代词等。下面结合高考试题,对代词的易考点进行归纳总结。一、考查不定代词的用法

1. 考查替代词one / ones,that / those的区别

that用来代替前面提到过的单数名词或不可数名词,不能和冠词连用,其后总有修饰语,其复数形式是those。指代可数名词时,that相当于the one;those相当于the ones。one / ones用来代替前面提到过的可数名词,one替代单数,ones替代复数,所替代的是同名异物的名词,表示泛指,可有前置定语或后置定语,也可单独使用。特指时必须加定冠词the。【考例】 The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools. (2015天津卷)

A. that

B. one

C. it

D. this【答案】 A【解析】 句意为:这所小型学校的教学质量要好于一些规模更大的学校。句中空格处代替前面的不可数名词the quality of education,故用代词that,表特指。代词it和one都可指代可数名词单数,但是it指代的是同名同物,one指代的是同名异物,表泛指。故选A项。【考例】 To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ____ of her colleagues.(2013辽宁卷)

A. that

B. one

C. ones

D. those【答案】 A【解析】 根据句意“让她高兴的是,德拉先赢得了学生的信任,然后又赢得了同事的信任”,此处不定代词用于替代不可数名词trust,应使用that。如果替代可数名词复数则用those或the ones。【考例】 If you're buying today's paper from the stand, could you get ____ for me?(2012辽宁卷)

A. one

B. such

C. this

D. that【答案】 A【解析】 句意为:如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸,给我捎回一份好吗?空格处表示泛指“一份报纸”,故用表示泛指单数名词的替代词one。that作替代词时通常表示特指,代替不可数名词或单数的可数名词。【考例】 Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to ____ of McDonald's.(2012浙江卷)

A. those

B. one

C. any

D. all【答案】 A【解析】 句意为:通过研究温迪快餐店的菜单,我发现它的很多食品与麦当劳的相似。空格处替代前面出现的复数名词items,并且后面有后置定语of McDonald's,故用表示特指复数名词的替代词those。【考例】 The cost of renting a house in central Xi'an is higher than ____ in any other area of the city. (2010陕西卷)

A. that

B. this

C. it

D. one【答案】 A【解析】 所填答案用于比较状语从句中,替代句子的主语cost,即替代不可数名词,故用that。

2. 考查all, both, either, neither, each, none的用法

both, either和neither皆表示两者,可作主语、宾语和定语。both还可作同位语。neither表示两者否定;either表示两者中任何一个,强调个体;both表示两者肯定。

all和none表示三者或三者以上。all表示全部肯定,而none表示全部否定。all可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语;none作主语、宾语和同位语,但不能作定语。all作主语时,指人看作复数,指物看作单数;none作主语,看作单复数皆可。both, all, each, none作主语同位语时,通常放在行为动词前面,be动词、助动词和情态动词的后面。all和both与not连用表示部分否定。【考例】 The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ____ contained any useful suggestions.(2015福建卷)

A. all

B. none

C. either

D. neither【答案】 D【解析】 句意为:这个研究小组基于调查做了两份报告,但是没有一份报告含有任何有用的建议。all与none指三者或三者以上,与前面的“two reports”不一致,可以排除A、B两项。neither意为“两者都不”,either意为“两者之一”。根据句意选择D项。【考例】 — When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?

— ____. I'll be in all day.(2014江西卷)

A. Any

B. None

C. Neither

D. Either【答案】 D【解析】 问句意为:“我什么时候打电话过来?上午还是下午?”根据答语“都可以,我一整天都在。”可知是在“上午”和“下午”这两种情况中做出选择,并且两种情况都可以。A、B项通常都表示三者或者三者以上的情况,neither表示两者都不。故D项正确,意思是“两者中的任意一个”。【考例】 She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ____ and moved to Cambridge.(2014四川卷)

A. both

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