作者：王建华
出版社：中国人民大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
2007—2016十年考研英语真题详解试读：
前言
目前，图书市场上考研英语辅导用书版本很多，分类也比较细，从语言知识运用到阅读理解，从翻译到写作，从词汇到新题型，每一部分都有相应的考点知识讲解和实践练习的专项辅导书，当然不同版本的系列考研英语辅导书中少不了还要有一本真题详解辅导书。这么多不同版本的书摆在面前，考生要自己作出判断和选择，自己决定买哪个版本的书比较值得，如果考生没有明确的判断标准，这件事就变得很艰难。
判断一本好的考研英语辅导书的标准是什么呢？
首先，书的编著者必须是考研辅导界有多年辅导经验的老师。这样的老师知道考生的需求在哪里，更知道考生的问题在哪里，这样，老师在编书的时候就能够根据大多数考生的需要设置辅导书的框架和内容，从而书中的内容对考生的辅导就有针对性。
其次，书的编著者最好是有过阅卷经验的老师。这样的老师很能把握考题答案的设置和选材的难易度，阅卷的经历可以给老师一个判断主观题答案好与坏的衡量标准。考研英语辅导用书既包括练习题也包括配套的参考答案。如果一本辅导用书的作者没有阅卷经验，在答案设置时就难免不够专业，这样对学生辅导的针对性就不够强。
另外，要买的书一定要属于由多本辅导书所构成的同一个版本系列。如果一个版本系列只由一两本书构成，有的辅导书一个版本甚至只有一本书，这样的书给人的感觉不专业。如果你买了这本书，假如这本书是词汇书，再想买同系列的阅读或者写作辅导书却没有，只能再去挑选别的版本系列，这样对考生来讲可能是时间的浪费。
最后，买考研英语辅导书要看其出版社。出版社的实力决定了其出书的质量和力度，不同的出版社也有图书出版的不同侧重点。有些出版社在考研书方面出版较多，集聚了大批高水平的作者，图书的质量也有保证。
有了这些基本的考研英语图书购买知识，你就可以大胆选择自己要买的考研英语辅导书了。下面，我很负责任地把这本考研英语十年真题辅导用书给你做一个介绍，供你作出理性的选择：
这本书是我多年来一直想出的一本书，汇集了我多年的授课、辅导经验及研究成果。考生在英语备考过程中应有一本书伴随整个备考过程，这本书就是考研英语历年真题。本书把2007—2016十年的真题融为一本，每年的考题都包括考题本身、选项解析，阅读部分还有长难句讲解、难词讲解和全文译文，写作配有相应的范文。各位考研学子，当你觉得考研英语复习得差不多时，你就可以买下这本书，从第一套题开始每天的阅读训练和自测：每天一篇阅读练习，在15分钟之内读完并做完考题。一直这样要求自己。当你把本书中所有的考题做完之后，你就会发现：你的阅读速度和阅读准确度接近考研英语的基本能力要求甚至达到更高水平。对于英语知识运用，除了做这10套题之外，你还需要做完之后背这些考题，翻译也一样。写作方面，先自己写一下，然后与参考范文相对照，最好把每篇范文中的经典句子背一背。按照这个规划来使用本书，这本书的价值就发挥到了极致。王建华于人大明德国际楼
2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s）for each numbered blank and mark［A］，［B］，［C］or［D］on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future.Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian colonialis,many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative governmen,careers 4 to talen,freedom of commerce and trad,the 5 to private propert,and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent state,large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.
On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the churc, 9 there was less agreement 10 the leadership.Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crow, 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new state,some sought to end the 14 of other faiths.The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.
The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitaria,valuing equality of everything.Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated.By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies.Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue.Such policies 19 .Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.
1.［A］natives
［B］inhabitants
［C］peoples
［D］individuals
2.［A］confusedly
［B］cheerfully
［C］worriedly
［D］hopefully
3.［A］shared
［B］forgot
［C］attained
［D］rejected
4.［A］related
［B］close
［C］open
［D］devoted
5.［A］access
［B］succession
［C］right
［D］return
6.［A］Presumably
［B］Incidentally
［C］Obviously
［D］Generally
7.［A］unique
［B］common
［C］particular
［D］typical
8.［A］freedom
［B］origin
［C］impact
［D］reform
9.［A］therefore
［B］however
［C］indeed
［D］moreover
10.［A］with
［B］about
［C］among
［D］by
11.［A］allowed
［B］preached
［C］granted
［D］funded
12.［A］since
［B］if
［C］unless
［D］while
13.［A］as
［B］for
［C］under
［D］against
14.［A］spread
［B］interference
［C］exclusion
［D］influence
15.［A］support
［B］cry
［C］plea
［D］wish
16.［A］urged
［B］intended
［C］expected
［D］promised
17.［A］controlling
［B］former
［C］remaining
［D］original
18.［A］slower
［B］faster
［C］easier
［D］tougher
19.［A］created
［B］produced
［C］contributed
［D］preferred
20.［A］puzzled by
［B］hostile to
［C］pessimistic about
［D］unprepared forSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing［A］,［B］,［C］or［D］.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk：elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional rank,you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
What might account for this strange phenomenon？Here are a few guesses：a)certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills；b)winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacit,which increases soccer stamina；c)soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtim,at the annual peak of soccer mania；d)none of the above.
Anders Ericsso,a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State Universit,says he believes strongly in“none of the above.”Ericsson grew up in Swede,and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.His first experimen,nearly 30 years ag,involved memory：training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers.“With the first subjec,after about 20 hours of trainin,his digit span had risen from 7 to 20，”Ericsson recalls.“He kept improving and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”
This succes,coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determine,led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.In other word,whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memoriz,those differences are swamped by how well each person“encodes”the information.And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfull,Ericsson determine,was a process known as deliberate practice.Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task.Rathe,it involves setting specific goal,obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuit,including soccer.They gather all the data they ca,not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.Their work makes a rather startling assertion：the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated.O,put another wa,expert performers—whether in memory or surger,ballet or computer programming—are nearly always mad,not born.
21.The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to_____.
［A］stress the importance of professional training
［B］spotlight the soccer superstars in the world cup
［C］introduce the topic of what makes expert performance
［D］explain why some soccer teams play better than others
22.The word“mania”(Line 4，Paragraph 2)most probably means_____.
［A］fun
［B］craze
［C］hysteria
［D］excitement
23.According to Ericsso,good memory_____.
［A］depends on meaningful processing of information
［B］results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises
［C］is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors
［D］requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration
24.Ericsson and his colleagues believe that_____.
［A］talent is a dominating factor for professional success
［B］biographical data provide the key to excellent performance
［C］the role of talent tends to be overlooked
［D］high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture
25.Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey？
［A］“Faith will move mountains.”
［B］“One reaps what one sows.”
［C］“Practice makes perfect.”
［D］“Like fathe,like son.”Text 2
For the past several year,the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called“Ask Marilyn.”People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savan,who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old；that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded.IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogie,to envision paper after it has been folded and cu,and to deduce numerical sequence,among other similar tasks.So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe(whose IQ is 100)as：What’s the difference between love and fondness？Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence？It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
Clearl,intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test.Just what does it mean to be smart？How much of intelligence can be specifie,and how much can we learn about it from neurolog,genetic,computer science and other fields？
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ scor,even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.The test comes primarily in two forms：the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales(both come in adult and children’s version).Generally costing several hundred dollar,they are usually given only by psychologist,although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possibl,because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peer,rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.Other standardized test,such as the Scholastic Assessment Test(SAT)and the Graduate Record Exam(GRE)，capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in lif,argues Robert J.Sternberg.In his article“How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing？”Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledg,components also critical to problem solving and life success.Moreove,IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change.Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress condition,but under high-stress condition,IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that i,it predicted the opposite.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matter,whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
26.Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test？
［A］Answering philosophical questions.
［B］Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.
［C］Telling the differences between certain concepts.
［D］Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.
27.What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3？
［A］People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.
［B］More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.
［C］The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.
［D］Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.
28.People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because_____.
［A］the scores are obtained through different computational procedures
［B］creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now
［C］vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat
［D］the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed
29.We can conclude from the last paragraph that_____.
［A］test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability
［B］IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated
［C］testing involves a lot of guesswork
［D］traditional tests are out of date
30.What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests？
［A］Supportive.
［B］Skeptical.
［C］Impartial.
［D］Biased.Text 3
During the past generatio,the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.Now a pink sli,a bad diagnosi,or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
In just one generatio,millions of mothers have gone to wor,transforming basic family economics.Scholar,policymaker,and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these change,but few have looked at the side effect：family risk has risen as well.Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status.As a resul,they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback—a back-up earner(usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.This“added-worker effect”could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times.But toda,a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.
During the same perio,families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.Steelworker,airline employee,and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rate,stock market fluctuatio,and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.For much of the past yea,President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account mode,with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.For younger familie,the picture is not any better.Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen—and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart worker,with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families‘future healthcare.Even demographics are working against the middle-class famil,as the odds of having a weak elderly parent—and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance—have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
Form the middle-class family perspectiv,much of thi,understandabl,looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibilit,and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.The financial fallout has begu,and the political fallout may not be far behind.
31.Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that_____.
［A］the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared
［B］their chances of being laid off have greatly increased
［C］they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics
［D］they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance
32.As a result of President Bush’s refor,retired people may have_____.
［A］a higher sense of security
［B］less secured payments
［C］less chance to invest
［D］a guaranteed future
33.According to the autho,health-saving plans will_____.
［A］help reduce the cost of healthcare
［B］popularize among the middle class
［C］compensate for the reduced pensions
［D］increase the families’investment risk
34.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_____.
［A］financial risks tend to outweigh political risks
［B］the middle class may face greater political challenges
［C］financial problems may bring about political problems
［D］financial responsibility is an indicator of political status
35.Which of the following is the best title for this text？
［A］The Middle Class on the Alert
［B］The Middle Class on the Cliff
［C］The Middle Class in Conflict
［D］The Middle Class in RuinsText 4
It never rains but it pours.Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance trouble,and improved their feeble corporation governanc,a new problem threatens to earn them—especially in America—the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite：data insecurity.Lef,until no,to od,low-level IT staff to put righ,and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as bankin,telecoms and air trave,information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.
Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year—from organizations as diverse as Time Warne,the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of Californi,Berkeley—have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asse,”says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school.“The ability to guard customer data is the key to market valu,which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.”Indee,just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(GAAP)，perhaps it is time for GASP.Generally Accepted Security Practice,suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.“Setting the proper investment level for securit,redundanc,and recovery is a management issu,not a technical on,”he says.
The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trus,that most valuable of economic asset,is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore—and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
The current state of affairs may have been encouraged—though not justified—by the lack of legal penalty(in Americ,but not Europe)for data leakage.Until California recently passed a la,American firms did not have to tell anyon,even the victi,when data went astray.That may change fast：lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington D.C.Meanwhil,the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in Americ,disclosed on June 17 t,overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission(FTC)that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.
36.The statement：“It never rains but it pours”is used to introduce_____.
［A］the fierce business competition
［B］the feeble boss-board relations
［C］the threat from news reports
［D］the severity of data leakage
37.According to Paragraph 2，some organizations check their systems to find out_____.
［A］whether there is any weak point
［B］what sort of data has been stolen
［C］who is responsible for the leakage
［D］how the potential spies can be located
38.In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that_____.
［A］shareholders‘interests should be properly attended to
［B］information protection should be given due attention
［C］businesses should enhance their level of accounting security
［D］the market value of customer data should be emphasized
39.According to Paragraph 4，what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to_____.
［A］see the link between trust and data protection
［B］perceive the sensitivity of personal data
［C］realize the high cost of data restoration
［D］appreciate the economic value of trust
40.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that_____.
［A］data leakage is more severe in Europe
［B］FTC’s decision is essential to data security
［C］California takes the lead in security legislation
［D］legal penalty is a major solution to data leakagePart BDirections：
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood.Choose a heading from the list A~G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text(41~45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There are two extra headings that you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
［A］Set a Good Example for Your Kids
［B］Build Your Kids‘Work Skills
［C］Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities
［D］Talk About the Future on a Regular Basis
［E］Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies
［F］Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are
［G］Build Your Kids’Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help？
Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kid.Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid conten,the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move.Here are a few measure,drawn from my book Ready or No,Here Life Come,that parents can take to prevent what I call“work-life unreadiness”：
41
You can start this process when they are 11 or 12.Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcoming,like difficulty in communicating well or
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