社会资本视角下的农户借贷行为研究:以江西省为例(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


发布时间:2020-07-17 01:04:40

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作者:陈熹著

出版社:社会科学文献出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

社会资本视角下的农户借贷行为研究:以江西省为例

社会资本视角下的农户借贷行为研究:以江西省为例试读:

总序

作为人类认识世界和改造世界的重要工具,作为推动历史发展和社会进步的重要力量,社会科学承载着“认识世界、传承文明、创新理论、资政育人、服务社会”的特殊使命。在中国实施全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面推进依法治国、全面从严治党的关键时期,以创新的社会科学成果引领全民共同开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面,进一步增强中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信,为经济、政治、社会、文化和生态的全面协调发展提供强有力的思想保证、精神动力、理论支撑和智力支持,这是时代发展对社会科学的基本要求,也是社会科学进一步繁荣发展的内在要求。

江西素有“物华天宝,人杰地灵”之美称。千百年来,勤劳、勇敢、智慧的江西人民,在这片富饶美丽的大地上,创造了灿烂的历史文化,在中华民族文明史上书写了辉煌的篇章。在这片自古就有“文章节义之邦”盛誉的赣鄱大地上,文化昌盛,人文荟萃,名人辈出,群星璀璨,他们创造的灿若星辰的文化经典,承载着中华文明成果,汇入了中华民族的不朽史册。作为当代江西人,作为当代江西社会科学工作者,我们有责任继往开来,不断推出新的成果。今天,我们已经站在了新的历史起点上,面临许多新情况、新问题,需要我们给出科学的答案。汲取历史文明的精华,适应新形势、新变化、新任务的要求,创造出今日江西的辉煌,是每一个社会科学工作者的愿望和孜孜以求的目标。

社会科学推动历史发展的主要价值在于推动社会进步、提升文明水平、提高人的素质。然而,社会科学自身的特性又决定了它只有得到民众的认同并为其所掌握,才会变成认识和改造自然与社会的巨大物质力量。因此,社会科学的繁荣发展及其作用的发挥,离不开其成果的运用、交流与广泛传播。

为充分发挥哲学社会科学研究优秀成果和优秀人才的示范带动作用,促进江西省哲学社会科学繁荣发展,我们设立了江西省哲学社会科学成果出版资助项目,全力打造《江西省哲学社会科学成果文库》。《江西省哲学社会科学成果文库》由江西省社会科学界联合会设立,资助江西省哲学社会科学工作者的优秀著作出版。该文库每年评审一次,通过作者申报和同行专家严格评审的程序,每年资助出版30部左右代表江西现阶段社会科学研究前沿水平、体现江西社会科学界学术创造力的优秀著作。《江西省哲学社会科学成果文库》涵盖整个社会科学领域,要求进入文库的是具有较高学术价值和具有思想性、科学性、艺术性的社会科学普及和成果转化推广著作,并按照“统一标识、统一封面、统一版式、统一标准”的总体要求组织出版。希望通过持之以恒地组织出版,持续推出江西社会科学研究的最新优秀成果,不断提升江西社会科学的影响力,逐步形成学术品牌,展示江西社会科学工作者的群体气势,为增强江西的综合实力发挥社会科学的积极作用。

近期,中共江西省委出台了《关于进一步繁荣发展哲学社会科学的意见》,要求继续做好社科文库出版资助工作。我们将以更高的标准,更严的要求,全力将《江西省哲学社会科学成果文库》打造成立得住、叫得响、传得开、留得下的精品力作。祝黄河2015年8月序

陈熹的这本著作,是她在自己博士论文的基础上修改而成的。作为她的导师,看到该书付梓问世,十分欣慰和高兴。

陈熹同学本科毕业于上海交通大学,学的专业是软件工程。软件工程是上海交大的强项专业,也是当今科学发展和现实应用领域中很重要的学科。但是,陈熹逐渐发现自己的兴趣并不在这个领域。所以大学一毕业,她凭借自己优秀的数学成绩和学习能力重新选择了金融学专业,并考入澳大利亚新南威尔士大学攻读金融学硕士学位。两年后,回到国内,回到家乡南昌,在考入江西省人力资源和社会保障厅的小额贷款担保中心后,一边工作,一边努力学习,考入了江西财经大学的财政金融专业攻读博士学位。获得博士学位后,调入南昌大学经济管理学院任教。

改革开放以来,虽然我国金融业发展迅速,虽然金融机构对农村、农业、农民的金融需求给予了一定的关注和支持,但依然是雷声大,雨点小。农民更多的是走着一条十分艰难的、依靠传统方式的民间借贷之路。正规的,尤其是国家的金融机构总是以农民借贷量小、繁杂导致金融成本太高,农民没有抵押品可能风险大为由而不愿意走进乡村。但是,不能只看到困难的一面,而看不到农村农业借贷由于风险相对小而有利于金融机构工作的一面;不能只看到繁杂的一面,而看不到农民借贷过程中可贵的由传统社会资本构成的社会诚信的一面。在准备学位论文开题时,陈熹同学的一个想法就是结合自己的工作实际和当前农户贷款十分困难的现实,研究解决“三农”诸多问题中的一个重要问题,即小农贷款问题。

本书的研究路径和特点是:在研究当前的农户借贷中研究农村社会网络问题,在研究农村社会网络中研究农民的社会诚信问题,在研究农民的社会诚信中研究农户的社会资本问题,在研究农户的社会资本中研究农业的借贷问题。陈熹同学有问题意识,有分析问题的思路,也有解决问题的追求。本书逻辑顺畅,思维合理,颇有创新。“社会资本”的概念最早是由法国的社会学家皮埃尔·布迪厄提出的。他将其定义为“现实或潜在的资源的集合体,这些资源与拥有或多或少制度化的共同熟识和认可的关系网络有关,换言之,与一个群体中的成员身份有关。它从集体拥有的角度为每个成员提供支持,在这个词语的多种意义上,它是为其成员提供获得信用的‘信任状’”。后来的诸多不同学派对社会资本也都有不同的定义,但共同点是都采用了“信用”这一核心内容。信用在借贷行为中的重要性毋庸置疑,尤其是在当前农村的社会环境下。陈熹同学认为:中国农村的社会资本有它的独特性,建立在血缘、族缘和地缘基础上牢固的社会网络关系中蕴藏着“信用”的巨大能量,使用好社会资本对农户借贷行为的影响力,开发出适合农村社会的借贷模式,是缓解当前农户借贷难问题的可行途径之一。本书试图回答以下三大问题:①社会资本对农户获得贷款的影响;②社会资本对农户归还贷款风险的影响;③社会资本对农户使用贷款的福利效果的影响。归纳起来,即是社会资本如何影响农户借贷行为的前、中、后期全过程。

题目选好了,研究思路确定了,做起来并不是一件容易的事。陈熹同学虽然自己的工作和农户借贷具有一定的联系,但了解还不深,作为支持这项研究的资料还很不充分,又由于农户的社会资本和借贷行为都没有现成的数据,研究农户借贷的困难可能比农户借贷困难本身还要大。

没有调查就没有发言权。陈熹同学研究设计了调查问卷,通过多次到农村去,到农户家里去发放问卷进行田野调查获取研究数据。她的专项调查从2013年11月开始一直持续到2014年1月,覆盖了江西省上饶市的婺源县,鹰潭市的贵溪市,抚州市的东乡县,吉安市的永丰县,宜春市的丰城市、靖安县,九江市的永修县,南昌市的湾里区、南昌县九个不同地理区位、不同经济状况、不同风土民情的县市区,采用多人座谈和入户单个调查相结合的方式。经过筛选之后,最终获得了1294份有效问卷作为定量分析、实证分析和博弈模型分析的重要数据来源。同时,在研读前人文献的基础上,综合经济学、金融学、管理学和社会学的金融抑制理论、金融深化理论、结构洞理论、强弱关系命题、社会资源理论等多学科的理论与社会资本理论一并展开研究。

这项研究取得的学术结论、政策建议等书中都有阐述,我这里就不再赘述,而想强调两点感受。

一是我们在研究中要紧密联系实际,发现问题。应该多做些对解决当前社会现实问题有益的研究。我们常说要有问题意识,就是要多思考一些社会出现的而且需要我们用知识和智慧去解决的问题。也许人文科学中有一些问题属于形而上的,但社会科学,比如经济学、金融学、财政学、管理学,就是属于形而下的,是为社会解决问题的科学、学问。为社会解决问题的科学、学问当然需要问题意识,需要通过研究解决问题。

二是研究现实问题,就必须深入实践、走向社会。社会问题当然是发生在社会里面的问题,不深入社会里面就研究不了问题,更谈不上解决这些问题。陈熹同学没有选择城市里的问题,没有选择可以在城市里调研的问题,更没有选择坐在书斋里就可以解决的问题,而是选择了非去农村调查才能研究的问题。这是要有一定的勇气和自信的,是要准备吃点苦头的,但这就是实干精神,就是一种难能可贵的年轻知识分子的社会担当精神。

不可讳言,本书自有稚嫩和欠缺之处。陈熹毕竟还年轻,如同一位刚进入学界开始学步的孩童,虽然是独立,还不稳当,但她在研究的道路上迈出了可喜的第一步,我相信她以后一定会走得更好。衷心希望今后能看到她更多的相关研究成果。

是为序。严武2016年2月

摘要

我国是一个农业大国,根深蒂固的小农经济思想如今与农村金融体制改革狭路相逢。农村资金外流、农户借贷难等问题困扰着走在由传统农业向现代化农业转型路上的农民。单纯靠政府推动商业银行下农村,把城市商业融资模式生搬硬套到农村土地上是不可行的,如何因地制宜,帮助农民渡过转型期的难关,促使农村金融市场健康发展,是政府需要考虑的问题。“社会资本”的概念最早是由法国的社会学家皮埃尔·布迪厄提出的。他将它定义为“现实或潜在的资源的集合体,这些资源与拥有或多或少制度化的共同熟识和认可的关系网络有关,换言之,与一个群体中的成员身份有关。它从集体拥有的角度为每个成员提供支持,在这个词语的多种意义上,它是为其成员提供获得信用的‘信任状’”。后来的诸多不同学派对社会资本也都有不同的定义,但共同点是都采用了“信用”这一核心内容。信用在借贷行为中的重要性毋庸置疑,尤其是在农村的社会环境下。中国农村的社会资本有它的独特性,建立在血缘、族缘和地缘基础上牢固的社会网络关系中蕴藏着“信用”的巨大能量,使用好社会资本对农户借贷行为的影响力,开发出适合农村社会的借贷模式,是缓解以上问题的可行途径之一。本研究试图回答以下三大问题:①社会资本对农户获得贷款的影响;②社会资本对农户归还贷款风险的影响;③社会资本对农户使用贷款的福利效果的影响。归纳起来,即社会资本如何影响农户借贷行为的前、中、后期全过程。

在总结前人文献的基础上,本书综合经济学、金融学、管理学和社会学的金融抑制理论、金融深化理论、结构洞理论、强关系和弱关系命题、社会资源理论等多学科理论与社会资本理论一并展开研究。由于农户的社会资本和借贷行为没有现成的数据,只有通过发放问卷和田野调查的方式获得。调查从2013年11月开始持续到2014年1月,覆盖上饶婺源,鹰潭贵溪,抚州东乡,吉安永丰,宜春丰城、靖安,九江永修,南昌湾里、南昌(县)等江西省不同地理位置、不同经济状况、不同风土民情的九个县市区,采用多人座谈和入户调查相结合的方式。经过筛选之后,最终有效的1294份问卷成为本书定量分析、实证分析和博弈模型分析的重要数据来源。

首先,本书对农户借贷和社会资本的相关理论基础以及农户借贷行为现状和特征进行了研究。本书从马克斯·韦伯的资本主义精神中发掘出社会资本的具体含义,并对社会资本做了如下定义:社会资本指的是一种以诚信为基础建立起来的社会网络以及嵌入这个网络中为个体(组织)带来各种效益的潜在的或是显在的资源的集合。明确了社会资本是有价值存量的、可增值的、以非物质的形态存在的。在对农户借贷和社会资本的相关理论进行梳理的基础上,就农村社会资本的特征、类型和变迁进行了分析,我们把本书的农村社会资本分为直接型社会资本和间接型社会资本两个大类。本书把农户借贷行为从1978年改革开放至今(2014年)的37年划分为四个阶段(1978~1993年,1994~2002年,2003~2007年,2008~2014年),就农户借贷行为“纺锤形”的基本现状展开说明,对农户借贷行为进行了时间差异的纵向比较分析、区域差异的横向比较分析和类型差异的条件比较分析,并就农户借贷发生率、借贷规模、借贷资金来源、借贷用途、借贷利率、期限、借据和担保等进行了定量分析。

其次,本书对社会资本如何影响农户借贷行为的前期阶段展开了讨论。本书将影响农户借贷行为的社会资本分为宗族型社会资本、乡土型社会资本、社团型社会资本、法理型社会资本、口碑型社会资本和身份型社会资本,具体从亲戚走往数量、亲戚信任程度、邻里信任和睦度、与农民专业合作组织的关系、在正规金融机构的信用评价等级、是否参与农户联保、在乡里乡亲间的诚信评价水平、是否党员、是否机关工作人员等方面研究它们对农户获得有效借贷机会的影响。以江西这一农业大省为例,通过对1294份问卷的实证分析,得出结论:亲戚信任程度、邻里信任和睦度、与农民专业合作组织的关系、在正规金融机构的信用评价等级以及在乡里乡亲间的诚信评价水平对农户获得有效借贷机会具有显著影响,亲戚走往数量、是否参与农户联保、是否党员、是否机关工作人员对农户获得有效借贷机会影响不显著。同时,围绕结构洞和强弱关系对农户借贷行为的影响展开分析。首先就调查问卷中对应强弱关系四维度测算标准的互动频率、感情力量、亲密程度、互惠交换问题结果做了描述性统计分析。在此基础上,选取来自东乡县、贵溪市、婺源县三个地区的不同案例进行了详细深入的定性分析。

最后,本书对社会资本如何影响农户借贷行为的中期和后期阶段进行了研究。通过调研发现,经常走往和信任度较高的亲戚关系、信任和睦的邻里关系、农民专业合作组织关系、农户联保小组、正规金融机构关系、政治身份特征和信用口碑特征这些社会资本均对农户的借贷违约风险有强烈的正向约束力。因此,应当利用好社会资本来建立对农户借贷风险的控制机制,通过农户联保制度、担保人制度、农民合作组织和农村信用评级建设来降低农户的借贷违约率。农户的借贷行为实质上是借贷主体通过不断重复博弈产生诚信达到纳什均衡的一个过程,因此,本书运用重复博弈理论对农户借贷风险进行了分析。对于借贷后期的贷后福利效果,本书从物质心理满足和增加收入两个方面做分析。就借贷资金带来的物质和心理满足进行了描述性统计分析,根据调查问卷的数据得出了借贷资金对增加家庭纯收入、扩大生产规模、提高消费水平和提高生活质量均有较大帮助的结论。再通过设定借贷福利模型收入方程就社会资本对增加农户贷后收入的影响做了实证分析,得出了有机会获得贷款有助于农户获得更高收入的结论。同时发现,不同社会资本对农户收入增长的作用存在差异性。其中,较之关系型社会资本,农户通过组织型社会资本获得的借贷资金对农户贷后收入增长的作用更加明显。

通过以上研究,本书得出如下主要结论。

1.农户借贷正由生存型向发展型转型。农户借贷金额变大,借贷资金来源有从亲戚朋友向正规金融机构倾斜的趋势,借贷用途由婚丧嫁娶、贴补家用向发展生产转变等,都可以体现出我国农村正在由传统农业向现代农业转型,由小农经济向规模化大型农业经济转型。

2.不同社会资本对农户借贷行为有不同程度的影响。将影响农户借贷行为的社会资本分为宗族型社会资本、乡土型社会资本、社团型社会资本、法理型社会资本、口碑型社会资本和身份型社会资本。具体表现为亲戚信任程度、邻里信任和睦度、与农民专业合作组织的关系、在正规金融机构的信用评价等级以及在乡里乡亲间的诚信评价水平对农户获得有效借贷机会具有显著影响,亲戚走往数量、是否参与农户联保、是否党员、是否机关工作人员对农户获得有效借贷机会影响不显著。

3.借方和贷方仍以强关系为主,结构洞决定话语权。根据调查问卷中对互动频率、感情力量、亲密程度、互惠交换四项强弱关系测算标准的描述性统计分析和来自东乡县、贵溪市、婺源县三个地区的案例分析,证明强关系比弱关系更容易形成牢固和长期的借贷关系并带来更多的借贷资金。而如果借方和贷方之间存在结构洞,在民间借贷中,中介人或是资金互助组织的负责人往往因此获利;在政策性贷款中,政府这一角色则往往因此成为制定规则的一方。

4.社会资本可以成为防控农户借贷违约风险的利器。建立在血缘、族缘基础上的农村社会网络对农户借贷风险有着比城市网络更好的防控功能。通过调研发现,经常走往和信任度较高的亲戚关系、信任和睦的邻里关系、农民专业合作组织关系、农户联保小组、正规金融机构关系、政治身份特征和信用口碑特征这些社会资本均对农户的借贷违约风险有强烈的正向约束力。因此,应当利用好社会资本来建立对农户借贷风险的控制机制,通过农户联保制度、担保人制度、农民合作组织和农村信用评级建设来降低农户借贷违约率。

最后,本书在得出以上结论的基础上,提出三点政策建议。

1.严格监管农村土地流转和交易,正确引导农村资金互助组织建设,为农民经营好自己的土地提供政策指导和资金供给两方面的帮助。

2.逐步脱离政策性贷款依赖,建立依托农村社会资本的信用体系,为农户借贷营造良好的信用环境。

3.肯定和培育合适的农村民间借贷模式,同时国家和地方加强监管,为农户提供更多更好的金融服务。

关键词:社会资本 农户借贷行为 借贷风险 贷后福利

Abstract

As a leading agricultural nation,China’s deep-rooted small-scale rural economy is now counteracting with the ongoing rural financial system reform. The rural capital outflow and the rural household behavior difficult problems trouble farmers who are experiencing the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. Simply relying on the government’s efforts,such as promoting commercial banks moving into the countries,moving urban commercial financing model to rural land is not feasible. How to adjust measures to meet the local conditions and to help farmers through the transition,promoting the healthy development of rural financial market is the issue that the government needs to consider.

The concept of social capital was first put forward by the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu,who defines it as “aggregate of the actual or potential resources which are linked to possession of a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition-or in other words,to membership in a group-which provides each of its members with the backing of the collectivity-owned capital,a ‘credential’ which entitles them to credit,in the various senses of the word.” Later,many different schools of the definition of social capital also has different,which all have in common is adopted the “credit” as the core content. There is no doubt that with the importance of credit in borrowing,especially in the rural social environment. China’s rural social capital is unique as it is built on the basis of kinship,agnation and neighborhood. This type of close-knit social network is the foundation of “credit”. To make good use of the influence of social capital on the rural household behavior and to develop suitable rural social lending model are the feasible ways to alleviate these problems. This thesis is devoted to the following three issues:①Analysis of the influence of social capital on rural household loans;②Analysis of the influence of social capital on the risk of rural household loan repayment;③Analysis of the influence of social capital on farmers’ welfare effect. To sum up,it is how social capital affects the rural households’ credit behavior initial,intermediate,as well as the later stages.

Based on previous literature,this thesis is an interdisciplinary study that draws on theories from the following fields:economics,finance,management and sociology theory of financial repression and financial deepening theory,structural hole theory,strong and weak relations proposition,theory of social resources and social capital theory. Due to the lack of census data on rural household social capital and credit behavior,I designed a questionnaire and distributed it during my fieldwork that lasted from November 2013 to January 2014 in the following nine locations that are at different economic conditions:Wuyuan in Shangrao,Guixi in Yingtan,Dongxiang in Fuzhou,Yongfeng in Gi’an,Fengcheng,JingAn in Yichun,Yongxiu in Jiujiang,Wanli district and Nanchang county in Nanchang,Jiangxi Province. Methodologically,I combine the group interviews and household survey. 1294 valid questionnaires were included in the final quantitative analysis,empirical analysis and game model.

First of all,I reviewed closely related previous literature on the rural household behavior and social capital. By tracing the origin of the concept of social capital back to Max Weber’s capitalist spirit,I give the following definition of social capital:it is a kind of capital on the basis of good faith to build a social network and embedded in the network for the individual(or organization)shows various benefit potential or a collection of resources. This definition clarifies that the stock of social capital is valuable,incremental,and takes no physical form. Based on review of theories on rural household behavior and carding,on the basis of the characteristics,types and changes of the rural social capital are analyzed,and the rural social capital of this article is divided into:direct and indirect social capital model to two kinds of social capital. The rural household behavior since 1978’s reform and opening up development of 36 years is divided into four stages(1978-1993,1994-2002,2003-2007,2008-2014). I discuss the “spindle-shaped” rural household behavior and provide longitudinal comparative analysis of temperal and regional difference of the rural household behavior. Quantitative analysis is performed on the rural household behavior rates,borrowing,lending capital source,use borrowing,lending interest rate,term,receipt and guarantee.

Secondly,this thesis sets off to discuss the effects of social capital on the rural household behavior in the early stage of borrowing behavior. Social capital is divided into local clans-based social capital,corporative social capital,and legal theory of social capital,word of mouth type and status of social capital. More specially,it includes the frequency of relative visiting,the creditability among the relatives,the creditability of the neighbors,and the relationship between the farmers’ professional cooperative organization,credit rating in the formal financial institutions,whether to participate in the rural household of group,in good faith between the village folks evaluation level,whether one is a party member,whether the staff has an effect on the farmers borrowing opportunities. I take Jiangxi,a major agricultural Province,as an example. Through the empirical study of 1294 questionnaires,I draw the conclusions:relatives trust,trust degree of harmony neighborhood,and the relationship between agricultural specialized cooperative organizations,in the credit rating of formal financial institutions and in good faith between the village folks evaluation level has a significant influence on effective lending opportunities for farmers,relatives-visiting frequency,whether to participate in the group,whether to join the Party membership,whether to work in the government have no significant influence on the effective lending opportunities for farmers. At the same time,around the structural holes and strength relation of the influence of rural household behavior. Four dimensions of questionnaire in the first place in the corresponding relationship between strength measuring standard interaction frequency,emotional strength and the degree of intimacy,mutual exchange problem results made a descriptive statistical analysis. Based on the analyses above,I choose Dongxiang,Guixi,Wuyuan three case studies and further analyze them in detail.

Thirdly,this thesis studies social capital’s effects on “middle” and “later” stage of the rural household behavior. The results of the survey demonstrates that often go to the higher and trust relation,trust harmonious neighborhood relationship,the relationship between the farmers’ professional cooperative organizations and farmers coinsurance group,the relationship between the formal financial institutions,and political identity characteristics and characteristics of credit reputation these social capital are the farmer credit default risk has a strong positive engagement. Therefore,social capital should be effectively used to establish the farmer credit risk control mechanism,by farmers of group system,the guarantor system construction of rural credit rating,farmer cooperative organizations and to reduce the farmer credit default rates. Rural household behavior is essentially borrowing main body through repeated game generate integrity to achieve the Nash equilibrium of a process,therefore,in this research,by using the theory of repeated game farmer credit risk are analyzed. Welfare effect after borrowing loans in the late psychological satisfaction and increase their income points substance and two aspects for analysis. Descriptive statistics analysis is provided to show the physical and psychological satisfaction of the loan welfare is achieved. According to the survey data,the loans can significantly increase from loan to increase the net income of the family,to expand the scale of production,to improve the level of consumption and to improve the quality of life. Again by setting lending income welfare model equation of social capital on the impact of increasing the income of rural household loans after the empirical analysis,it is concluded that have access to loans to help farmers get higher income. Also I found that different types of social capital play different role in farmers’ income growth. Farmers’ income grows significantly more when borrowing money through organizational social capital when compared to social network-based social capital.

Based on the analysis above,this thesis has come to the following main conclusions.

1. The rural liability loan is experiencing a transformation from surviving mode to developing mode. Farmer’s credit amount is growing larger and people now are more likely to borrow from formal financial institutions than from friends and relatives.,Purposes of borrowing also changed from wedding funds to the development of production and so on. Based on these facts,we can see that China’s rural society is transforming from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture,small-scale rural economy to large scale agricultural economic transformation.

2. Different social capital has different degrees of influence on rural household behavior. Influence of rural household behavior social capital can be divided into clan,native type social capital,organizational social capital,legal theory of social capital,and social capital word of mouth of social capital and status of social capital. Embodied in a relative degree of trust,trust degree of harmony neighborhood,and the relationship between agricultural specialized cooperative organizations,in the credit rating of formal financial institutions and in good faith between the village folks evaluation level has a significant influence on effective lending opportunities for farmers,relatives go to quantity,whether to participate in the group,whether to join the Party member,whether to work in the government have no significant influence on the effective lending opportunities for farmers.

3. The debit and credit still is given priority to with strong relationship,structural holes decided to say. According to the corresponding strength relationship between the four dimensions of the questionnaire to measure standard of interaction frequency,emotional force,the degree of intimacy,mutual exchange of descriptive statistical analysis and from Dongxiang,Guixi,Wuyuan country three areas of the case analysis,prove stronger than the weak relations are more likely to form a strong and long-term loan relationships and bring more loans. If the debit and credit between hole structure,in the folk lending,intermediaries or capital mutual aid organizations often ACTS as the head of the hole,and therefore profits;In the policy-based lending,the government acted as the role of the hole and function as a role-maker.

4. Social capital can be adopted as a risk control mechanism. Kinship based on social network in rural society is more effective than the urban social network thereof. My finding of my survey indicate that the following relationship and social network has a positive binding effect on risk control:regular visits to blood relatives,trust harmonious neighborhood relationship,the relationship between the farmers’ professional cooperative organizations and farmers coinsurance group,the relationship between the formal financial institutions,and political identity characteristics and characteristics of credit reputation these social capital are the farmer credit default risk has a strong positive engagement. Therefore,social capital should be effectively utilized to establish the farmer credit risk control mechanism,via farmers of group system,the guarantor system construction of rural credit rating,farmer cooperative organizations and to reduce the farmer credit default rates.

Given the above mentioned conclusion,I put forward the following three suggestions.

1. Supervise rural land circulation and trade,guide the construction of rural capital mutual aid organizations,for farmers to manage their land to provide policy guidance and help both money supplies.

2. Gradually liberate from policy inclines,establish credit system relying on rural social capital,and eventually create good credit environment for farmers to borrow and lend.

3. Encourage and further build benign rural private credit system. Meanwhile,provide farmers more and better financial service through strengthening national and local governmental supervision.

Key words:social capital,rural credit behavior,credit risk,credit welfare

第一章 导论

第一节 研究背景和研究意义

中国农业正处于由传统向现代转型的关键时期,提高农业综合效益、增加农民收入,成为农业发展的中心任务。在传统农业中,农户的投资主要集中在简单再生产领域,借此获得的收入大多用于改善家庭生活及应付各类传统民俗中的年时节庆、婚丧嫁娶。而在现代农业中,农户的投资开始向农业扩大再生产方面倾斜。一般而言,纯农业家庭的收入相对较低,即便有在外打工的家庭成员,农户们的家庭资金储备量也很薄弱,要在保障家庭生活的基础上扩大生产远远不够。所以,农户必须借助于家庭外部的资金供给才能完成这一转型。但是,我国城乡经济发展不平衡,农村财富积累不足,农民缺乏足够的借贷渠道,信贷约束成为普遍现象。全面准确地认识当前农户借贷行为现状并解决其中的问题,是推动农村金融发展、统筹城乡建设的基础。

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