作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
刘季春《实用翻译教程》（第3版）配套题库（含考研真题）试读：
技巧编
第1章 翻译的重要环节之一：措词精当
I. 试将下列汉语词组和句子译成英语，注意措辞。
1. ①名单
②菜单
③账单
④保险单
⑤订阅单
⑥收款清单
⑦违规通知单【译文】
①name list
②menu
③bill
④policy
⑤subscription form
⑥account note
⑦ticket
2. ①浓茶
②浓墨
③浓烟【译文】
①strong tea
②thick ink
③dense smoke
3. ①写作水平
②领导水平
③生活水平
④发展水平
⑤工作水平
⑥开放水平【译文】
①quality of writing
②art of leadership
③standard of living
④level of development
⑤work performance
⑥degree of openness
4. 身体好，学习好，工作好。【译文】Keep fit, study well and work hard.
5. ①经济法制化
②经济全球化
③社会知识化
④国际关系民主化
⑤国民经济信息化
⑥科研成果产业化【译文】
①to manage economic affairs within a framework
②economic globalization
③to build a knowledge-driven society
④the practice of democracy in international relations
⑤to build an information-based national economy
⑥to apply scientific research results to industrial production
6. ①进行社会主义革命
②进行一场激烈的争论
③进行实地调查
④进行亲切的谈话
⑤进行侵略
⑥进行协商
⑦进行核试验【译文】
①to carry out socialist revolution
②to carry on a spirited debate
③to make an on-the-spot investigation
④to have a cordial conversation
⑤to commit aggression to hold consultation with
⑥to conduct a nuclear test
7. ①打电话
②打的
③打毛衣
④打水
⑤打篮球
⑥打农药【译文】
①to make a phone call
②to take a taxi
③to knit a woolen sweater
④to fetch water
⑤to play basketball
⑥to spray insecticide
8. ①心有余而力不足。
②您的建议我会永远铭记在心。
③如果你忘了他的生日她会很伤心的。
④居心叵测
⑤得人心者得天下。
⑥劳心者治人，劳力者治于人。【译文】
①One’s ability falls short of one’s wishes.
②I will always bear your advice in mind.
③You’ll hurt her feelings if you forget her birthday.
④to nurse evil intentions
⑤Those who gain popularity among people will gain the power.
⑥Those who work with brain rule those who work with their brawn are ruled.
9. ①不解决一系列问题，双方贸易无法进一步得到发展。
②这笔索赔已经拖了好几年了，所涉及的问题很复杂，我真不知道该怎么处理。
③用户在技术交流时，向贵方专家提出了许多问题。
④搞这个合资公司是个好主意，但问题是能否保证它可以得到足够的订单。【译文】
①In the absence of the settlement of a series of issues of principle, the business between the two parties can hardly be pushed forward.
②This claim has been kept outstanding for many years. The problems involved are so complicated that I really don’t know how to tackle them.
③Our end users ask your specialists a lot of questions at the technical seminar.
④It is a good idea to organize this joint-venture company, but the point is whether enough orders can be secured for it.
10. ①这辆摩托车很轻巧。
②她动作很轻巧。
③你说得倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。【译文】
①The motorcycle is light and handy.
②She is nimble in movement.
③You talk as if it were just a walkover. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too?
11.①进一步改善投资环境。
②调整消费结构，改善消费环境。【译文】
①We need further improve the investment climate.
②We need to adjust the consumption pattern and improve the environment for consumption.
12. ①你要订哪种杂志?
②这本书我们没有货，但是可以帮你订。
③你能帮我把这份讲义订起来吗?【译文】
①Which journal(s) do you subscribe to?
②We don’t have the book in stock but we can order it.
③Would you please bind this handout for me?【解析】结合语境，①中的“订”为订阅的意思。②中的“订”为预约，预订。③中的“订”为装订。
13. 甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。
乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？
甲：唉，只是意思意思。
乙：啊，真是不好意思。【译文】
A: This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation. Please do take it.
B: Oh, aren’t you a bit too polite? You should not do that.
A: Well, it just conveys my gratitude.
B: Ah, thank you then, though I really do not deserve it.
14. ①参与亚太经合组织对中国的影响是多方面的。
②这是一个困扰我们的问题，而且不仅仅因为它产生直接影响。【译文】
①APEC’s influence on China will become manifest in several aspects.
②This is a matter that troubles us not only because of its immediate impact.【解析】influence可用于广义上的影响，既可以是积极的，也可以是消极的。impact多用于消极的影响。
II. 试将下列英语词组和句子译成汉语，注意措辞。
1. ①a popular man
②a popular price
③a popular novel
④popular science
⑤popular readings【译文】
①受欢迎的人
②一般价格
③大众化的小说
④通俗科学
⑤通俗读物
2. ①delicate skin
②delicate diplomatic question
③delicate upbringing
④delicate surgical operation
⑤delicate health
⑥delicate stomach
⑦delicate food【译文】
①娇嫩的皮肤
②微妙的外交问题
③娇生惯养
④难做的外科手术
⑤虚弱的身体
⑥容易吃坏的胃
⑦美味的食物
3. ①poor health
②poor food
③poor light
④poor soil
⑤a poor country
⑥a poor swimmer【译文】
①身体不好
②劣质食物
③昏暗的光线
④贫瘠的土壤
⑤贫穷的国家
⑥不擅长游泳的人
4. ①high beam
②high current
③high gear
④high seas
⑤high summer
⑥high steel
⑦high explosive【译文】
①远距离光束
②强电流
③高速齿轮
④公海
⑤盛夏
⑥硬钢
⑦烈性炸药
5. ①to cut wheat
②to cut cake
③to cut finger-nails【译文】
①割麦子
②切蛋糕
③剪指甲
6. He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved.【译文】他是一个正直的人，但不幸背负着某种坏名声。我相信他这种坏名声是不该有的。
7. He lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.【译文】他欺骗了我，使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。
8. ①The actor knows his lines.
②Draw a thick black line across the page.
③Your bill includes line rental.【译文】
①这名演员知道他的台词。
②在此页上横画一条粗黑线。
③你的账单中包括电话线路的租用费。
9. ①Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen.
②Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.【译文】
①汉斯说，这位先生是他所见过的最有胆识的人。这种阿谀奉承未免过于露骨。
②布朗先生接到作演讲的邀请时感到非常荣幸。
10. ①When the fourth Thursday in November rolls around, Americans gather around their dinner tables, appetites in tow, to relive the 1621 Plymouth feast.（宁夏大学2016研）
②That athlete tried to relive his glory days.
③Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it.【译文】
①每年11月的第四个星期四，美国人都会团聚一堂，带着满满的食欲坐在餐桌边，重温1621年普利茅斯的盛宴。
②那运动员试图重温他的光辉岁月。
③凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。
11. ①The cheques are all good, of course.
②I do not speak without good evidence.
③Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not good enough for her work.（湖南农业大学2018研）
④If it could not produce wealth, what good was it?【译文】
①当然，这些支票是完全有效的。
②我不会说没有可靠根据的话。
③苏珊工作很努力，但是得到的收入与她的付出不成比例。
④如果它不能产生财富，那它还有何用？【解析】在《牛津高阶英汉双语词典》中，good有二十多种意思。句①的good取其“in effect; operative”的意思，常见的例子有a warranty good for two years；a driver’s license that is still good。句②取其“sensible; strong”之意，常见例子有good point；good reason。句③取其“suitable”之意。句④取其“helpful”之意，常见搭配有for the good of sb./sth.。
12. ①My sister is quite ambitious and plans to get a Ph.D. in the future.（长沙理工大学2019研）
②He’s a very ambitious lad and he wants to play at the highest level.（宁波大学2019研）
③Many people think that he is one of the most ambitious politicians of our times.【译文】
①我妹妹雄心勃勃，打算接下来攻读博士学位。
②他是个很有抱负的小伙子，想参加最高水平的比赛。
③许多人认为他是我们这个时代最有野心的政治家之一。
13. ①Aggressive nations threaten world peace.
②A salesman must be aggressive if he wants to succeed.【译文】
①侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平。
②推销员如果想要获得成功，必须有闯劲。
14. ①Official sanction has not yet been given.
②The British and the French imposed sanctions on Italy in 1935.【译文】
①尚未获得正式批准。
②英法两国在1935年对意大利实施制裁。
15. ①She is fidgety and restless.
②All the inventors have a restless mind.【译文】
①她生性急躁好动。
②所有的发明家都有一个不停思索的头脑。
16. ①This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
②He is making himself cheap.【译文】
①这种打字机确实便宜又好用。
②他这么做正使他的名誉受损。
17. ①Deposits are, so to speak, unsecured credit held by the people and kept at financial institutions.
②He bought the furniture on credit.【译文】
①这么说来，存款就是人们手中持有的并且放在金融机构里的没有担保的债权。
②他是靠赊账买下那件家具的。
18. ①a soft aboveground launching site
②The record has been considered soft ever since it was set last May.
③Marijuana is usually regarded as a soft drug.
④At this stage there is only soft intelligence about the enemy intention.【译文】
①无坚固掩体的地面发射基地
②自从五月份创造了这个记录以来，人们一直认为它是很容易被打破的。
③大麻通常被看作是软性（毒性较轻的）麻醉毒品。
④在目前，关于敌人的意图还只有不太充分的情报，我们不能鲁莽行事。
19. ①The earth moves round the sun.
②Heat moves from a hotter to a colder body.
③He has moved his furniture into another house.
④The work moves slowly.【译文】
①地球绕着太阳转。
②热量从较热的地方传递到较冷的地方。
③他已经把家具搬到另一所房子中。
④工作进展缓慢。
20. ... yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of the praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband; who actually does have a disconsolate family to mourn his loss ...(W. M. Thackeray, Vanity Fair)【译文】……不过偶尔也有几个死人当得起石匠刻在他们朽骨上的好话。真的是虔诚的教徒，慈爱的父母，孝顺的儿女，贤良的妻子，尽职的丈夫，他们家里的人也的确哀思绵绵地追悼他们……（萨克雷《名利场》）（杨必译）
21. It is my comfort and my sincere conviction that you are going to try the life for which you are best fitted. I think its freedom and wildness more suited to you than any experiment in a study or office would ever have been; and without that training, you could have followed no other suitable occupation.【译文】你将体验的生活是最适合你的，这是我的安慰，也是我诚挚的信念。我认为那种自由与无拘无束的生活较比书房或办公室的工作更适合你。缺少那种训练，你就不能从事其他适合你的职业。【解析】原文中的wildness与freedom并列，很明显并没有负面的含义，表示“不受约束”之意。wildness译为“无拘无束”较好。
第2章 翻译的重要环节之二：活用技巧
第1节 词量的增减
I. 试将下列英语单词、词组和句子译成汉语，注意词量的增减。
1. luminescence【译文】发光现象
2. refraction【译文】折射作用
3. immersion【译文】浸渍技术
4. Older, Wiser, Calmer【译文】人愈老，智愈高，心愈平
5. She blamed her neighbor’s children for the broken window.（宁波大学2019研）【译文】她指责称破窗户是邻居家小孩打坏的。
6. In fact, the number of Chinese turbine manufacturers has expanded so rapidly that the government, fearing a glut, warned in that applications for new factories might not be approved（北京外国语大学2012研）【译文】实际上，中国涡轮机生产商的数量增长如此之快以至于担心供过于求的政府发出警告说可能不会再批准新工厂的建造申请。【解析】原文的“applications”指的是“建造新工厂的申请”，译文中增加了“建造”二字，使意思更加明确。
7. “I’ve always wanted to make peach stones grow, ever since I was a child, when I used to take them home after a party, or as a man after a banquet【译文】“我从小到大一直想让桃核发芽，小时候参加完聚会总把桃核带回家，长大了参加完宴会也是这样。【解析】英语里面重复的动词通常会省略，翻译时应根据中文表达习惯补上省略的东西，“长大了参加完宴会也是这样”，意思一目了然。
8. I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.（R. Zacks: The Date Father Didn’t Keep）【译文】我狂热地爱上了她，她也狂热地爱上了我。【解析】在and she和with me之间省略了fell madly in love，译成汉语时也要增补上“狂热地爱上了”几个字。
9. This new type of computer is indeed inexpensive and fine.【译文】这种新型计算机的确是价廉物美。
10. He was a patriotic, adventurous and romantic writer.【译文】他是一位具有爱国热情、冒险精神和浪漫情怀的作家。
11. China has a population of more than 1.2 billion, and its land natural resources per capita are lower than the world’s average.【译文】中国有12亿多人口，陆地自然资源人均占有量低于世界平均水平。
12. The integration of computer systems is indispensable in unifying documentation and also for such tasks as the placing of orders with factories, product delivery and information management.【译文】在统一文件编制格式、实施诸如工厂订单、货物交付、信息管理等各项任务时，将不同的电脑系统进行整合是必不可少的。【解析】原文中的“documentation”有“文件”“证明文件”“文件编制”“单据”之意。但这些意思均不符合这里的上下文。根据上下文，将其译为“文件编制格式”是比较符合语境。将“documentation”由“文件编制”译为“文件编制格式”，就在该词的基本意思上增添了“格式”二字。这种增添，很好地疏通了参考译文的脉络，使得参考译文通顺、流畅、自如、达意。
13. Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.【译文】玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后，靠给人洗衣服维持生活。
14. “Contrary, then,” answered another, in deep but softened tones. And now, kiss me, for minding so well.”（E. Bronte: Wuthering Heights, Ch. 18, VII）【译文】“那好，相反，”另一个人以深沉而柔和的语调答道。“那就亲亲我吧，我学得这么用心。”
15. Through A Window: Thirty Years With The Chimpanzees【译文】透过心智之窗【解析】译文采用了减词法，省略了标题中的次要信息以求突出关键信息，符合汉语标题讲究含蓄的特点。
16. In a moment she reappeared to hurl my change and the ticket on the counter with such force most of it fell on the floor at my feet.（J. H. Griffin: “Into Mississippi”）【译文】不一会儿工夫，她又回来了，将零钱和车票往柜台上猛地一摔。大半都撒落在我脚边。【解析】原文是on the floor at my feet，若一字不漏地译作“撒落在我脚边的地板上”，那就成了画蛇添足了，不如将“地板”舍去，意思已经非常明确。
17. The terrifying footage of tsunami carrying away whole buildings makes it clear that dealing with the damage will require huge effort and heavy investment.（北外2012研）【译文】那些海啸卷走整座建筑物的恐怖画面表明，应对损害将需要巨大的努力和高额投资。
18. Mr. Somerville—a most delightful man, to whom my debt is great—was charged with the duty of teaching the stupidest boys the most disregarded thing—namely, to write mere English.（桂林大学2016研）【译文】萨默维尔先生，一位很和蔼可亲，令我感激不尽的老师，负责教最愚笨的学生最受忽视的课程，即用英文写作。【解析】原句中“be charged with”与“the duty of”语义重复，因此译文只对前者进行了翻译。
19. An important feature of Van Gogh’s paintings is their bright colors.（杭州师范大学2019研）【译文】梵高画作的一个重要特点就是用色鲜明。
20. In the old society, pingju players seldom made enough to live on, and as most were saddled with big families their life was hard.【译文】在旧社会，评剧演员常常挣钱不够吃饭，艺人们大都是拉家带口，生活困难。
21. But at the present moment the whole road looked rather pretty, for the sun had just set in splendor, and the equalities of rent were drowned in a saffron afterglow.【译文】但此时整条路看起来都挺美，金灿灿的太阳刚落下山，橙红色的余晖掩盖了房屋的种种差异。
22. A policeman stood in front of the main entrance to the theater, keeping the pedestrians away.【译文】一个警察站在剧院大门前，不让行人靠近。
23. My daughter has an ear for music.【译文】我女儿有音乐欣赏力。
24. The only American industry unaffected by the general depression of trade is the beauty industry. American women continue to spend on their faces and bodies as much as they spent before the coming of the slump.【译文】美国唯一没有受到经济大萧条影响的行业就是美容业，美国妇女们花在脸上和身体上的钱像大萧条之前一样。
25. The war escalated, on the ground, in the air, and at sea.【译文】战争在地面、空中以及海上（全面）升级。
26. Put your gloves on your hands.【译文】戴上手套。
27. —You shall facilitate the foreign trade enterprises by adopting measures such as holiday appointment inspection application, telephone inspection application, fax inspection application, advance inspection application, and clockwise wait for inspection.【译文】要通过采取节假日预约报检、电话报检、传真报检、提前报检、全天候候检等种种措施，为各家外贸企业提供便利。【解析】译文省略了对英语原文中代词“you”的翻译。原文中的“you”为泛指人称代词，不是指某个具体的听话人。因此，根据汉语语言习惯，对于泛指人称代词，通常需要将其省略而采用无主句来翻译。
28. My parents do their best to meet our needs and always keep their promise.【译文】我父母尽最大努力满足我们的需要，而且总是信守承诺。
29. There are a variety of population problems in all parts of the world.【译文】世界各地存在着各种各样的人口问题。
30. Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it.【译文】智者热爱真理，愚者逃避真理。
31. We will not attack unless we are attacked.【译文】人不犯我，我不犯人。
33. Even in his old age, Voltaire was said to have consumed 50 cups of coffee daily.【译文】据说，甚至到了晚年，伏尔泰每天仍然要喝50杯咖啡。
34. The machines must be well protected against dampness, moisture, rust and shock.【译文】机器包装必须防湿、防潮、防锈、防震。【解析】英语中常用名词于介词之后，省略原有的动词，在翻译时常将动词译出， 意思更明确，通顺，符合汉语习惯。
35. The banking reform is the inevitable choice of marketing economy and social development.【译文】银行业的改革是市场经济的必然选择，也是社会发展的必然选择。【解析】句子中的social development是并列宾语，译时需把省略部分明确译出。
36. CDs would be far cheaper to produce without the glossy packaging.【译文】如果没有那些花哨的包装，CD的生产成本会低得多。
37. You have got to be firm, sympathetic.【译文】你必须要保持坚强，同时还要有同情心。
38. We’ll make burning fossil fuels die away.【译文】我们要渐渐停止使用化石燃料。
39. Our dreams will sometimes be shattered and our ethereal hopes blasted.（扬州大学2016研）【译文】我们的梦想有时会粉碎，缥缈的希望有时会破灭。【解析】原句and后半部分省略了与前半部分一样的“will sometimes be”。翻译时，对省略部分进行了增补。
40. He must be treated with sincerity and reality, with muffins, and not the promise of muffins.（北京大学2007研）【译文】别人对他也必须坦诚，实在，要给他松饼就实实在在的摆在他面前，而不能只是说说。【解析】原句重复出现的词，汉译时可看情况省略。
41. In these times when market forces appear increasingly complicated and more volatile, it is all the more important to understand the professional jargon and terminology in the market place in order to be able to better make our investment and business decisions.（国际关系学院2010研）【译文】在目前这种时期，市场越来越变幻莫测、动荡不定，要做出明智的商业投资决策，理解市场相关的专业术语变得尤为重要。【解析】因为中文语言习惯省略连接词“when”。
42. Pressed for further details, the chairman confessed it to be likely that profits would show a further fall.（宁波大学2018研）【译文】在被追问更多细节时，这位董事长承认，利润可能会进一步下降。【解析】原句中it为形式宾语，指代的是后面that引导的从句，本身无实际意义，直接省略不译。
43. At least until genetics, age and our personal habits get in the way.（北京外国语大学2012研）【译文】至少在不受遗传、年龄或个人生活习惯影响的情况下是这样的。【解析】此处表示的是一个条件，采用增词法才能使语句更加通顺，增加“在……的情况下”。
44. But it is this very fact that provides a note of optimism for the future.（北京师范大学2003研）【译文】但正因如此，我们对未来应该更加乐观。【解析】此句中没有主语，在翻译时，添加了主语“我们”。
45. As a biographer knows, a person’s early life and its condition are often the greatest gift to an individual.【译文】正如传记作家所知的那样，一个人的早期生活及环境通常是他一生中最大的礼物。
46. A foreign trade staff must have a good foundation in economics, mathematics, statistics, accounting and intercultural communication.【译文】一位外贸人员必须在经济学、数学、统计学、会计学和文化交际五个方面具有良好的功底。
Ⅱ. 试将下列汉语词组、句子译成英语，注意词量的增减。
1. 测量办法【译文】measurement
2. 自满情绪【译文】complacency
3. 现代化建设【译文】modernization
4. 统一大业【译文】reunification
5. 开发工程【译文】development
6. 住房问题【译文】housing
7. 限定范围【译文】limit
8. 吃饭是为了活着，可活着不是为了吃饭。【译文】We eat to live, but not live to eat.
9. 很难说。【译文】You can never tell.
10. 祥子的手哆嗦得更厉害了，揣起保单，拉起车，几乎要哭出来。（老舍《骆驼祥子》）【译文】Xiangzi’s hands were shaking even more violently as he tucked the guarantee away and pulled his rickshaw out, feeling ready to burst into tears.【解析】这里省去的主语，不是前一句中的主语“祥子的手”，而是在该句主语中作定语的“祥子”。
11. 梅春姐用手护着头，紧紧地缩着她的身子。（叶紫《星》）【译文】Meichun, protecting her head with her arms, contracted her body.
12. 他走进屋来，大衣上尽是雪。【译文】He entered the room, his coat covered with snow.
13. 珍贵的花草不易养活，看着一棵好花生病欲死是件难过的事。（北师大2006研）【译文】It is difficult to grow a precious flower species. And I feel bad to see a good flower dying of illness.
14. 见到自己的故乡，他想起了童年的情景。【译文】The sight of his native place called back his childhood.
15. “前怕龙后怕虎”的态度不能造就干部。【译文】“Fearing dragons ahead and tigers behind” will not produce cadres.
16. 在党的领导下，中国人民已经完成了解放事业。【译文】Under the leadership of the Party, the Chinese people have succeeded in their liberation.
17. 我们必须坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民民主专政即无产阶级专政，坚持共产党领导，坚持马列主义、毛泽东思想。【译文】We must adhere to the socialist road, the people’s democratic dictatorship (i.e. the dictatorship of the proletariat), the Communist Party’s leadership and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.
18. 中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。【译文】The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.
19. 发展现代农业，推进新农村建设，要靠政策、靠投人、靠科技、靠改革。【译文】To develop modem agriculture and promote the building of a new countryside, we must rely on government policy, funding, science and technology, and reform.
20. 冬天是研究树木生长的最好的季节。虽则树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身却是美丽的。【译文】Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.【解析】汉语中没有冠词，但是在英语中，名词前面是一般都要有修饰词，其中冠词做修饰词是最普遍的现象。因此译文中出现了很多定冠词the，来表示泛指。
21. 酒令智昏【译文】When wine is in, wit is out.
22. 物极必反【译文】Once a certain limit is reached, a change in the opposite direction is inevitable.
23. 欲盖弥彰【译文】The more one tries to hide, the more one is exposed.
24. 送君千里，终有一别。【译文】Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last.
25. 沉默啊，沉默啊!不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。【译文】Silence, silence !Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence!
26. 三月清晨，把窗子推开，第一片阳光便照到人们的全身。对着阳光带进来的新鲜空气，任谁都要深吸一口，说：春天来了。【译文】When you throw open your window on an early morning in March, you will at once be totally exposed to the sun’s first rays and, inhaling deeply of the fresh air brought in by them, exclaim, “Spring is here!”
27. 还有一次写四个大字“孩子先生”在黑板上，明明在讥讽我是个孩子，等到我责备他们时，却改变了口吻……【译文】Once they chalked up four big characters on the blackboard meaning “Child Teacher”，obviously a dig at me being so young. However, when I took them to task, they tried to explain it away by saying...
28. 如此大量的人员……是决不能持久的，是很危险的。【译文】A situation in which such a large number of personnel...cannot last long and is very dangerous.【解析】原文中尽管没有“情况”或“局势”一类的词，但从上下文可以很明显地看出这个意思。另一方面，译句中要是不增补situation一词，不仅意思表达不清楚，句子也很难安排妥当。
29. 国际经济联系日益密切，科学技术突飞猛进，过世界政治、经济和社会的发展产生重要影响。【译文】International economic links have become tighter and tighter, and science and technology are advancing by leaps and bounds, both of which are exerting a major influence on world political, economic and social development.【解析】由于译者添加了“both of”，引导读者去寻找其所指代的两件事，也即前面的两个从句。所以，译文显得清楚、流畅。
30. 我国农业连年增产，工业品总体上供大于求，粮食等物资储备充裕，进出口调节能力较强，保持物价总水平基本稳定具备许多有利条件。【译文】China’s agricultural output has gone up for several years in a row; supply of manufactured goods on the whole exceeds demand; we have substantial reserves of grain and other goods and materials; thus we are fully capable of adjusting supply and demand through import and export. All these favorable factors can help to maintain basic stability in general prices.【解析】由于前面信息较多，译文添加了总结词语“All these favorable factors”，有助于读者看清整个长句。
31. 这件事情会对我们的伙伴·带来负面影响。【译文】It will have negative impact on our partnership.
32. 中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。【译文】The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environment protection.
33. 我们和中国人双方都是怀着谨慎、不安甚至是惶恐的心情来相互探讨这初次的接触的。【译文】Both we and the Chinese approached that first opening toward each other with caution, uncertainty, even trepidation.
34. 但是应当看到，由于克隆人问题可能带来的复杂后果，世界各国，尤其是生物技术发达的国家，现在大多对此采取明令禁止或者严加限制的态度。【译文】It must be realized, however, that since human cloning may result in unforeseen complications, most countries, especially those with advanced biotechnology, explicitly ban or severely restrict human cloning.【解析】汉语中有许多语义虚泛的范畴词，如原句“复杂后果”中的“后果”可直接省略不译。另外，需要注意，“复杂的”可译为complicated或complex，其中前者具有贬义，后置是中性的。在以上句子中，“复杂”应该是贬义的，故取complicated，将“复杂后果”译为“complicated results”，虽然语义正确，但是没有“complications”精练。
35. 你是白天工作还是夜间工作？【译文】Do you work in the daytime or at night?
36. 人民犯了法，也要受处罚，也要坐班房……(《毛泽东选集》四卷，1413页)【译文】When anyone among the people breaks the law, he too should be punished, imprisoned…【解析】原文中的“人民”当然是指其中的某个人。可是英语的the people是集体名词，不指单独的个人，若将这里的“人民”两字简单地译作the people就不符合原义。因此只有加上anyone among两词才能确切地表达原义。
37. 过去我们已经多次讲过用民主方法解决人民内部矛盾这个问题，并且在工作中基本上就是这样做的，很多干部和人民都在实际上懂得这个问题。(《毛泽东选集》五 卷，371页)【译文】On many occasions we have discussed the use of the democratic method for solving contradictions among the people; Furthermore, we have in the main applied it in our work and many cadres and many other people are familiar with it in practice.
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