作者：邱政政
出版社：浙江教育出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
中高级口译口试备考精要试读：
前言
邱政政寄语：If the boat of your dream doesn't come to you, swim to it.
近年，随着就业形势的日益严峻，英语口译岗位资格证书考试已经在全国的中学、大学校园和白领职场成“燎原之势”。口译证书为何如此受宠？上海市外语口译岗位资格证书考试办公室的专家们一语道破：口译证书的高含金量和低通过率是其成为大中学生和职场人士首选的重要原因，而我在七年前开设口译项目之初所提出的“一纸证书+真才实学”的教学宗旨，也恰恰体现了口译考试的这一本质。
秉承“口译成就梦想”的教学理念，口译项目已经成为上海新东方学校最具活力和人气的培训项目，其招生人数连续七年在申城乃至全国位居第一，考试通过率也连续12次在全国名列前茅，上海新东方已经成为华东乃至全国最大的口译培训基地。
从2003年项目启动至今的七年间，上海新东方培养出12名高级口译最高分得主和15名中级口译最高分得主，年纪最小的中级口译证书获得者9岁的朱哲敏、年纪最小的高级口译证书获得者13岁的金琪，以及全国高级口译最高分得主傅蓉（257.5分）均接受过新东方的口译培训。
同时，令人欣喜的是：2005至2009年的7位上海市高考文、理科状元也都不约而同地来到上海新东方接受口译培训。上海新东方的口译项目更是独家荣获了上海市教育博览会“口译金牌项目”的称号，这充分标志着口译进入了新东方时代！
当然，参加怎样的培训才能通过考试是广大口译学员最为关心的。新东方口译凭借雄厚的教学教研实力给出了确切的答案。
秉持“一纸证书+真才实学”的教学宗旨，上海新东方口译研究中心推出了独一无二的“口译助考模式”：在考前进行“模考+讲评+串讲+答疑+视频+网络年会”等帮助考生复习；考试过程中，我们会安排数十位口译名师和数万名考生一同做题，并在全国首发试卷评析、参考答案和“译”视频；考后，我们还设有专业权威的“口译析考模式”，即阅卷后第一时间发布“正确答案+专家解析+监考心得+阅卷感受”。这种科学系统的培训模式让所有新东方学员都能够在考前胸有成竹，考中如虎添翼，考后欣然微笑。
新东方口译项目取得成功的关键还在于其拥有强大的教学研究团队。上海新东方学校的口译明星讲师团由超过100名教学专家组成，被业界誉为“口译梦之队”：除口译四科（听力、阅读、翻译、口试）的明星讲师外，还汇聚了大量世界名牌大学英语语言文学或英汉互译硕士、博士，包括多名联合国、欧盟会议高级同传及口译笔试阅卷人兼口试主考官。
除此之外，上海新东方口译研究中心由新东方教育科技集团董事长兼总裁俞敏洪亲自揭牌成立，是国内第一个口译考试的专业教研机构，其下设的口译教研组又细分为听力、阅读、翻译和口试四大课题组，定期召开课程研讨，编写图书和学术期刊，不断加强教研投入。
当然，只是通过笔试并不能拿到最终的口译证书。口试往往是考生通向成功最大的拦路虎。应对口试最有利的武器除了深入研究历年口试真题外，还需通过大量行之有效的复习和模拟演练来达到事半功倍的效果。因而每年全国10多万的口译考生都需要一本真正有帮助的口译口试辅导书来进行最终的口译冲刺。
在广大口译考生的强烈要求下，我和口译研究中心的顶级专家、口译口试首席主考官Cathy老师经过三年的不懈努力，在原有的《中高级口译口试备考精要》的基础上，分析研究了近年所有的口试实考试题，紧扣最新的口试发展动态，编著了各位手中这本《中高级口译口试备考精要》的最新版。
本书除了大量讲解口试技巧，海量分析历年真题外，还针对中级和高级口译精心设计出大量口试全真模拟试题，并配有参考答案，为广大口译考生备考口试提供了最为实用的复习工具。
考生们如有任何关于备考的问题，可以登陆新东方口译名师博客群http://blog.hjenglish.com/qiuzhengzheng与广大新东方名师互动交流。最后衷心祝愿大家口试成功！
在追求口译梦想的道路上，请大家记住：因为有了新东方，你们将不再孤独……邱政政于上海新东方学校第一章口试简介“上海市英语中高级口译岗位资格证书”的培训与考试项目是中共上海市委组织部、上海市人事局、上海市教育委员会、上海市成人教育委员会等政府部门共同设立的上海市紧缺人才培训工程项目之一，旨在训练和提高学生英汉/汉英双向口译的能力。该项目的培训和考试，为国家机关、企事业、公司和涉外单位造就一批能胜任涉外工作中政治、经贸、文化等方面口译任务的翻译人才。
由于该项目定位准、质量高，赢得了较高的社会信任度，受到了广大考生的追捧和外资企业人员的青睐，特别是口译人员和有志从事口译工作的在校大学生，都把中高级口译岗位资格证书当作“职场通行证”。本项目在从开始到现在的十几年中发展迅猛。
凡获得“上海市英语中级口译岗位资格证书”者均具有良好的英语口语水平和基本口译技能，可以从事一般的生活翻译、陪同翻译、涉外导游以及外事接待、外贸业务洽谈等工作。凡获得“上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书”者可以担任各类涉外项目谈判、高层会晤以及国际研讨会的翻译，并为深入学习同声传译打好了基础。
口译考试分为两个阶段：笔试和口试。考生顺利通过第一阶段的笔试后才有资格参加第二阶段，也就是口试阶段的考试。以下是口试的一些小常识：
第二阶段的考试一般安排在笔试结束一个半月之后。
第二阶段的考试又由两个部分组成：口语考试和口译考试。两部分考试时间每人约为15～20分钟。
考试形式为面试。口试考试正式开始之前，考生需在候考室候考，考生可利用这段时间复习口译教程，也可以小憩片刻，等待老师叫号。叫到号的考生拿到口试话题后，有大约5分钟的准备时间。
进入考场后，首先进行的是口语考试。这部分考试要求考生就刚给的话题用英语进行3～5分钟的阐述，考生可以根据所给提示自由发挥。
口译考试要求考生听四篇短文的录音，其中前两篇是英译汉，后两篇是汉译英。“中口”每篇分4段，共16段；“高口”每篇分2段，共8段。每段分别评分。“中口”每篇短文的长度为120～140个词，每段30～35个词，听完一句话后约有20～30秒的间隙供口译。“高口”每篇短文的长度为150～170个词，每段75～85个词，听完一句话后约有40～50秒的时间翻译。
口译的特征是“快”，口译的标准是“准”和“顺”。口译考试时，考生一定要在限定的时间内完成翻译，同时表达要通顺，但关键是信息的准确性。
口译考试考查的是考生的综合能力，即反应能力、听力理解力、中英文表达能力、速记能力、短时记忆力和灵活处理的能力。可见，口译考查的是“技能”，而技能的获得要靠日积月累的努力，希望考生把工夫花在平时，打好基础，以取得好成绩。第二章备考口语一、基本功
尽管口语考试不是很难，但口语好是口译的第一步，没有流利的口语，何谈口译过关！如果口头表达不流利、词汇匮乏或语法错误多，口译也不会很好。
练好口语不是一朝一夕的工夫，其关键就是多说。如果有机会和英语国家的人经常交流是最好不过的，这样的交流有极大的好处：第一，便于模仿他们的语音语调；第二，通过交流，可以学到课本中学不到的文化背景知识；第三，由于交流是相互的，在说英语之前，必须得听懂对方在讲什么，因此，这样的沟通还能提高自己的听力，锻炼自己的反应能力。
如果没有机会常和老外练习口语，不妨多听音频，多看原版电影，这主要是为了培养自己的兴趣。看多了，听多了，很多表达便会脱口而出。跟着音频大声朗诵可以使自己的发音和语调纯正，特别是说英语带有浓重地方口音的考生，一定要花时间纠正；虽然不必像播音员那样字正腔圆，但有严重发音问题的考生往往无法通过口试这一关，因此马虎不得。
另外，背诵好的演讲稿也不失为一个提高口语的好办法，特别是背诵CCTV大学生演讲比赛获奖者的演讲文章。因为该比赛命题演讲和即席演讲的题目都与中国现实社会密切相关，和很多口语的考题重叠，因此有很高的参考价值。
当然，提高口语还和扩充词汇量及丰富表达有关，阅读报纸会帮助考生扩大知识面，增加词汇量。此外，由于口语考试比较类似口头作文，平常多看和多模仿一些作文不仅有助于提高考生的写作能力，更能帮助考生在短时间内组织篇章结构。写作中的很多技巧都可以在口语考试中使用。
需要提醒各位考生的是，口译证书中的中级、高级口语考试分别是做一个至少3分钟和5分钟的演讲，不能做任何书面的准备，有些考生因紧张以致原来准备的东西都忘了，所以平常要多练习公共演讲，这样才能避免在考试时因紧张而影响发挥。二、临场技巧
拿到口试话题后，有5分钟的准备时间。此时不要慌张，首先要看清题目，把黑体字的话题连同提示问题全部通读一遍，利用口试准考证的背面，将话题和提示的关键字抄写下来，作为自己准备时的提示。
一般而言，考生可以根据题目下面的几个提示问题设计自己谈话的大致框架，依次确定三个段落的主题句，也就是论点，就像写作文一样。接下来应该依照主题句展开，加入具体的事例作为论据。
此外，准备时要尽量多举例子来阐述观点，特别是一些个人经历或名人轶事，因为故事有情节，而且自己也比较熟悉，即使在紧张的情况下也不容易忘记。在考场外待考时，应在心里反复背诵，以便牢牢记住。口语部分是你给考官留下的第一印象，而且口语不及格的话，口译的成绩无效，所以一定要尽量做好，
最后要注意的一点是，在口语考试中表达的流利与否在一定程度上起决定性作用。一般而言，考生不太可能出现所阐述内容与考题严重偏离的情况，所以语言是否流畅最容易影响考官的评判。比如说，两名考生在口试时表达的意思相近，语句都由简单句组成，措辞都非常普通，且结合上下文语境，两人都或多或少地在语法上出现了错误，那么语言表达流畅的同学必然会给考官留下较好的印象。
口语考试不及格通常是由于太紧张，在规定时间内没有说出足够的内容，或在表达时断断续续、不流畅，还有些是因为存在严重的发音问题，这一点已在前文提及。假如真是太紧张，忘记了准备的内容，千万不要放弃，要大胆地临场发挥，比如说，重复一下题目，然后说：“Well， this is a very interesting topic. Different people hold different views on it. I think this topic is important to ds young people （our society）. Here I'd like to share my opinions with you."当说完这些不疼不痒的开场白之后，恐怕你已经想出了刚才准备的观点或新的对答。三、真题分析
口语考试要求考生就所给话题进行至少3～5分钟的发言，相当于口头作文，话题后有3个提示问题，可作为三段的中心思想。
口语考试所涉及的题目一般都是社会热点话题，或与大学生学习和就业相关的问题。考生平时须关心时事，关注电视、广播、报纸及网络等相关媒体的热点报道。事实上，考生对口试中的话题一般都不会陌生，也一定会有观点可阐述，而且进考场前有几分钟的准备时间，因此大部分考生都能通过这一关。
中、高级口语考试的题目并没有很明显的界限。一般而言，高级口语的题目更侧重于有争议性的问题，题目和时事新闻联系比较密切。
以下为历年的一些考题：
The Importance of Transportation for Shanghai's Economic Development
The Positive and Negative Effects of the Telephone
A Remarkable Impression of a Famous Tourist Place
Should College Students Be Encouraged to Take up Part-time Jobs?
A Popular Drink in China
The Advantages and/or Disadvantages of Living in a Big City
My View of a Successful Foreign Language Learner
How to Make the Best Use of Your Spare Time
Who Is the Most Influential Person in Your Life?
Is Shanghai a Shopper's Paradise?
Living on Campus or off Campus
Developing Holiday Tourism
How Can We Promote Chinese Culture Worldwide?
The Significance of Holding the 2008 Olympics in Beijing
The Significance of the Urban Greening Projects in Shanghai
The Falling Prices of Electronic Products
Studying Abroad–Brain Drain or Talent Development
Internet Changes Young People's Life
Important Factors Involved in Looking for an Ideal Job
Positive and Negative Aspects of a Mobile Phone
Do Clothes Make a Man?【高级口译口语题1】
Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 5 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Start your talk with "My name is… " "My registration number is… "
Topic: Traveling by Train or by Plane
Questions for reference:
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of traveling by train?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of traveling by plane?
3. What do you think is the ideal way of traveling?点评
万事开头难。因此学会如何开头是成功的第一步。一般情况下，考生可采用以下最常用的三种方法之一。
1.对立法：先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法。例如：
I think if we ask people about their views on traveling by train or by plane, the vast majority would prefer the latter.
But I think a bit differently.
2.现象法：引出要剖析的现象或者问题，然后评论。
With the improvement of our lives, many people travel during holidays. The mode of traveling has given rise to people's concern.
3.观点法：开门见山，直接提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。
I think traveling by plane is a wonderful means of transportation.
中间段为主体内容，基本可把所提示的三个问题作为中心来展开论述。要注意标志性词语（如first, second, in addition等）的运用。
文章结尾段多采用“结论性”、“后果性”和“号召性”三种方式。
1.结论性：通过对文章前面内容的讨论，引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点。
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that … In summary/In a word, it is more valuable …
2.后果性：揭示所讨论的问题若不解决将产生的严重后果。
We must call for an immediate method, because the current phenomenon of …, if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of …
Obviously, if we ignore/are blind to the problem, there is every chance that … will be put in danger.
3.号召性：呼吁听众行动起来，采取行动或提请注意。
It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of …
It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.参考答案
With the improvement of transportation, many people travel during holidays. The mode of travel has given rise to people's concern.
Few people really like the idea of sitting long hours in a train. First, the train will get crowded soon after it starts out. The luggage will be piled on the rack overhead or stacked knee high between you and your neighbor. Second, the journey will be unpleasant because you can't get much sleep due to the noise. Third, going to the toilet can be a problem. You may worry about the hygienic condition. Last but not least, you have to be on your guard all the time lest your money be stolen. However, train riding still appeals to short-distance travelers for being scenic, safe and inexpensive.
Traveling by air, though expensive, has the advantages of being quick and comfortable. You will arrive at your destination fresh and lively, ready for the business before you. If you want to, you can read magazines, watch video or listen to music. In addition, you can enjoy a bird's eye view of the mountains and rivers below. But for short journeys, it is time-consuming, because airports are usually far from the city center, and you have to be there at least one hour before departure time to check in.
Due to the reasons I have mentioned, I like traveling by air for long distance trips and by train for short journeys.【高级口译口语题2】
Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 5 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Start your talk with "My name is… " "My registration number is… "
Topic: Euthanasia/Mercy Killing
Questions for reference:
1. What is mercy killing?
2. What are the arguments of pros and cons?
3. What do you think about mercy killing?参考答案
Mercy killing is the act of painlessly killing a person who is seriously ill and who is going to die, in order to prevent him/her from suffering more pain.
Those who support mercy killing insist that the patient has the right to make decisions about his own death and that he should be allowed to refuse treatment if he chooses. They say that keeping an incurably ill person alive is meaningless and that this only prolongs his suffering.
Those who oppose mercy killing support the view that a doctor's duty is to preserve life in whatever way he can and that human life is far too precious to terminate for the convenience of others.
In China, some people hold that mercy killing should not be advocated and I share their point of view. There is no doubt that it is irresponsible and immoral to give up the effort of saving life. One's life doesn't only belong to him but the whole society. A man's obligation to life, substantially, is his obligation to society. Mercy killing is essentially a kind of suicide; it is selfish to cause much sorrow to one's family. To advocate mercy killing in China, that amounts to discarding the needy people and abating the government's responsibility to help those people.
Even if the incurably ill person is not willing to survive, how can we put an end to his / her life in the name of mercy?【高级口译口语题3】
Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 5 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Start your talk with "My name is… " "My registration number is… "
Topic: Lessons from Tsunami
Questions for reference:
1. What do you know about tsunami? What is the damage caused by tsunami in Indonesia?
2. What are the lessons we learn from it in terms of environmental protection?
3. What shall we do to improve the environment?参考答案
In the early morning hours of December 26th, 2004, the underwater earthquake created huge waves that struck coastal areas from Indonesia to Somalia. The earthquake caused a series of huge, destructive ocean waves, called tsunami. The powerful tsunami killed tens of thousands of people.
Experts say a tsunami can travel as fast as seven hundred and twenty-five kilometers an hour. And, the waves can be more than thirty meters high as they move toward land. Tsunami are most common in the Pacific Ocean. Japan has had the most tsunami. In the past hundreds of years, one hundred thousand people have been killed by tsunami in Japan. Six years ago, more than two thousand people died when a tsunami struck Papua New Guinea.
The tragic earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean last year show that environmental damage is degrading many ecological services and natural protections in East Asia. The tragedy highlights the importance of protecting the environment. The degradation of protective coastal mangrove forests and coral reefs contributed in part to the magnitude of the disaster. Now the World Bank is actively engaged in a wide range of environmental initiatives in East Asia and the Pacific, and has developed a $5.3 billion portfolio of environmental and natural resource management projects in the region.
In terms of improving the environment, people and organizations should actively support environmental policies and seek effective engagement with development partners, both locally and at the regional level. The environmental policies and capacities, especially in the Pacific region, are to be strengthened. And we want to encourage collaboration between agencies at all levels to address local and transboundary environmental issues. Managing coastal resources, including tsunami recovery initiatives, is a high priority for us. The community-based projects and efforts to protect coasts and coral reefs are already underway in several countries. Regional collaboration will be especially important in the development of disaster-prevention efforts and early warning mechanisms.【高级口译口语题1】
Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 3 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Start your talk with "My name is… " "My registration number is… "
Topic: Advertisements
Questions for reference:
1. Advertising has become part of our daily life. What is your view on advertising?
2. What are the common ways of advertising?
3. What are the bad effects of advertising?参考答案
Advertisements are working their way into people's lives. Because they are consumers, people depend on advertisers in their daily lives.
There are many ways to advertise and ads come in different forms. Newspaper carries advertisements. Some products are promoted on TV and radio, which have a wide audience. Billboards also carry advertising. Advertising is a big industry now and many agencies are set up to furnish a variety of services for it.
Advertising is not always truthful. A product is often misrepresented. The advertiser exaggerates the benefits of the merchandise he wants to sell. Thus, he misrepresents the truth. The consumer falls victim to such advertising. Millions of people have bought advertised products and they haven't always been satisfied.【高级口译口语题2】
Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 3 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Start your talk with "My name is… " "My registration number is… "
Topic: Private Cars
Questions for reference:
1. What are the advantages of owning a private car?
2. What are the disadvantages of owning a private car?
3. Should it be necessary to enlarge the private car market? Why or why not?参考答案
Nowadays, any Chinese can enjoy the luxury of owning a private car–if he or she can afford it. Having a car of your own means no more traveling to work on crowded buses or subway trains, and you can drop off the children at school on the way. Moreover, it also means that you can enjoy the weekends and holidays better, because with a car you can go to places where the regular buses and trains do not go, and so you can find a quiet scenic spot with no crowds.
However, there are drawbacks to owning a car. For one thing, with the increase in car ownership in recent years, the roads are becoming more and more crowded, often making the journey to work more of a nightmare than a dream. For another, it is not cheap to run a car, as the prices of gasoline and repairs are constantly rising, not to mention the prices you have to pay for a licence and insurance coverage.
Having considered both sides of the argument, I have come to the conclusion that the advantages of owning a car outweigh the disadvantages. Therefore, it seems to me that China should increase its output of automobiles and enlarge the private car market. The result would be that cars would become cheaper, while at the same time the extra demand would encourage the auto industry to produce more efficient and family-oriented vehicles.【高级口译口语题3】
Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 3 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Start your talk with "My name is… " "My registration number is… "
Topic: On Developing Tourism
Questions for reference:
1. What is your understanding of tourism?
2. What are the advantages of tourism?
3. What are the disadvantages of tourism? What is your personal opinion on tourism in China?参考答案
Tourism, a "smokeless industry", is developing rapidly in China. With the open-up and reform policy being carried out, thousands upon thousands of foreign visitors are crowding into our country. They are eager to see this old mysterious land with a splendid culture of more than5,000 years.
Tourism brings China a lot of benefits. First it enables Chinese people to know more about the outside world and promotes friendship and mutual understanding. Second, it is financially beneficial to China, which needs more foreign currencies for its modernization program.
Tourism, however, gives rise to a number of problems. For instance, it becomes a burden to our inefficient transportation system. Besides, the living standard of the average Chinese is still not high enough to be able to afford many different sorts of expenses during long distance travels.
As for me, I believe that with the development of our national economy, all these problems will certainly be solved step by step. A much better and brighter future awaits.第三章备考口译一、基本功
口译活动是理解、记忆和表达的过程。在这一过程中，理解是关键，是正确表达的基础。影响理解力的因素有多种，首先是语言因素：发音、词汇、语法等；其次是知识因素：有些是文化背景知识，有些是专业技术知识，要理解说话人的意图和信息，译员还需具备广博的知识面。再者，要正确地把握说话人的意图，译员必须有良好的分析判断能力。
译员必须具备较高的语言水平，即丰富的词汇量、流利的表达、准确的发音和较高的双语文化修养。由于口译活动几乎是在一瞬间发生的，要忠实地表达事先一无所知的讲话，口译工作者还必须控制好心态，把握好音量和节奏，既要具有做笔记、快速传译数字的技能，又要具备良好的记忆力、宽广的知识面、较强的理解分析能力、灵活的反应与应变能力以及流利的口才和准确的发音。口译能力是理解和表达能力、记忆力、灵活反应能力、知识水平、口译技能的综合反映，
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]