作者：Michael A. Putlack,Will Link,Stephen Poirier
出版社：群言出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
新托福考试专项进阶：中级口语试读：
Introduction
®A Information on the TOEFL iBT®The Format of the TOEFL iBTB Information on the Speaking Section®The Speaking section of the TOEFL iBT measures test takers' English speaking proficiency. This section takes approximately 20 minutes and has six questions. The first two questions are called Independent Speaking Tasks, and you will be asked to speak about some familiar topics based on your personal experiences and preferences. The remaining four questions are Integrated Speaking Tasks, and you will be required to integrate different language skills—listening and speaking or listening, reading, and speaking.1.Types of Speaking Tasks
[ Independent Tasks ]
(1) Task 1: Personal Experience
_ This task will ask you to speak about something that is familiar to you. You need to describe it and give some reasons to defend your response.
_ You will be given 15 seconds to prepare your answer and 45 seconds to speak on the question.
(2) Task 2: Personal Preference
_ This task will ask you to make and defend a personal choice between two possible opinions, actions, or situations. You should justify your choice with reasons and details.
_ You will be given 15 seconds to prepare your answer and 45 seconds to say which of the two options you think is preferable.
[Integrated Tasks ]
(3) Task 3: Reading Conversation
_ This task will ask you to respond to a question based on what you have read and heard. You will first read a short passage presenting a campus-related issue and will then listen to a dialogue on the same topic. Then, you will be asked to summarize one speaker's opinion within the context of the reading passage.
_ You will be given 30 seconds to prepare your answer and 60 seconds to speak on the question. You should be careful not to express your own opinion in your response.
(4) Task 4: Reading Lecture
_ This task also asks you to respond to a question based on what you have read and heard. You will first read a short passage about an academic subject and will then listen to an excerpt from a lecture on that subject. Then, you will be asked to combine and convey important information from both the reading passage and the lecture.
_ You will be given 30 seconds to prepare your answer and 60 seconds to speak on the question.
(5) Task 5: Conversation
_ In this task, you will first listen to a conversation about a student-related problem and two possible solutions. Then, you will be asked to describe the problem, choose a preferred solution, and explain why you have chosen that solution.
_ You will be given 20 seconds to prepare your answer and 60 seconds to respond to the question.
(6) Task 6: Lecture
_ In this task, you will first listen to an excerpt from a lecture that explains a term or concept and gives some examples to illustrate it. Then, you will be asked to summarize the lecture and explain how the examples are connected with the overall topic.
_ You will be given 20 seconds to prepare your answer and 60 seconds to respond to the question.2.Types of Speaking Topics
(1) Personal Experience and Preference
_ Questions in Task 1 will be about a person, place, event, activity, or object that is important to test takers. For example, a question may ask about a place you like to visit, the most memorable event in your life, or the person that you admire most.
_ Questions in Task 2 will be about everyday issues of general interest to test takers. For example, a question may ask about a preference between studying at home and at the library, a preference between living in a dormitory and an off-campus apartment, or a preference between a class with a lot of discussion and one without discussion.
(2) Campus Situations
_ Questions in Task 3 will be about campus-related issues. For example, a question may ask about a university policy, rule, or procedure, future university plans, campus facilities, or the quality of life on campus.
_ Questions in Task 5 will be about student-related problems on campus. For example, a question may ask about a scheduling conflict, an unavoidable absence, an unavailable resource, a student election, financial difficulties, or a student's course load.
(3) Academic Course Content
_ Questions in Task 4 will be about academic subjects. For example, a question may ask about a life science, a social science, a physical science, or a topic in the humanities like animal domestication or economics.
_ Questions in Task 6 will also be about academic-related topics. For example, a question may ask about a process, a method, a theory, an idea, or a phenomenon of any type in fields like natural science, social science, or psychology.3.Important Features of Evaluation
(1) Delivery
Delivery means how clear your speech is. In order to get good grades on the speaking tasks, you should speak smoothly and clearly, have good pronunciation, pace yourself naturally, and have natural-sounding intonation patterns.
(2) Language Use
Language use is about the effectiveness of your use of grammar and vocabulary to express your ideas. In order to get good grades on the speaking tasks, you should be able to use both basic and more complex language structures and choose the appropriate words.
(3) Topic Development
Topic development is related to how fully you respond to the question and how coherently you give your ideas. In order to get good grades on the speaking test, you should make sure that the relationship between your ideas and your progression from one idea to the next is clear and easy to follow.4.Speaking Scoring Rubrics
(1) Independent Tasks (Questions 1 2)
Your responses to the Independent Tasks will be scored according to these criteria:
(2) Integrated Tasks (Questions 3~6)
Your responses to the Integrated Tasks will be scored according to these criteria:
How to Use This Book
1 Sample iBT QuestionThis part is designed to prepare you for the type of question the chapter covers. You will be given a full sample question and a model answer in an illustrative structure. You will also be given information on time allotments. This part will also provide you with usable speaking expressions you need to remember while working on each task.2 Tasks 1 2
In Chapters 1 and 2, you will practice responding to independent speaking tasks which ask you to describe your personal experience or express your preference. After doing some warm-up activities, you will make your own responses and then compare them with sample responses in a step-by-step manner.3 Tasks 3, 4, 5, 6
From Chapters 3 to 6, you will practice responding to integrated speaking tasks which are related to campus situations and academic subjects. You will first be guided to understand the reading and/or listening passages properly. Then, you will make your own responses and compare them with sample responses in a step-by-step manner.4 Expressions Collocations
There are a number of expressions and collocations that are typically used in every task and topic. This supplementary part will provide you with a chance to review the expressions and collocations you need to remember while working on each chapter.5 Actual Tests®
This part will give you a chance to experience an actual TOEFL iBT test. You will be given two sets of tests that are modeled on the ®Speaking section of the TOEFL iBT. The topics are similar to those on the real test, as are the questions. This similarity will allow you to develop a sense of your test-taking ability.PART 1Independent Speaking
The independent speaking section consists of 2 chapters, which are called personal experience and personal preference. As the word independent illustrates, these tasks require you to draw entirely on your own ideas, opinions, and experiences when responding. There is no requirement to read or listen to other material. You have 45 seconds to respond to each question while you are given 15 seconds to prepare after each question is presented.Chapter 1Personal Experience
This task is about personal experiences. It requires you to speak about a person, place, object, or event that is familiar to you. Even though the topics will vary, you will always be asked to base your response on a personal experience or familiar topic. On question structure, this task will require you to give some details and examples as well as reasons to rationalize your answer.Sample iBT QuestionTOEFL iBT SpeakingChoose your favorite place in your hometown and explain why this is your favorite place. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.Preparation Time: 15 SecondsResponse Time: 45 Seconds1-01Sample Response My favorite place in my hometown is the main park located downtown. First of all, I like it because it's a beautiful place to visit. It's full of life. For instance, there are many trees, plants, and flowers, and they make the park very colorful and add to its beauty. Also, the park always looks wonderful no matter what the season. Second of all, I like the park because it's a very quiet place, so I never get disturbed when I'm there. For example, I can go there to read, study, or simply relax. For these reasons, the main park is my favorite place to visit in my hometown.Useful Expressions
1. Expressions that can be used in telling one's opinion(1) I believe that... (2) In my opinion,(3) I think that... (4) I consider...(5) It is my estimation that... (6) For me,(7) My favorite... (8) The best...(9) It is my opinion that... (10) I strongly feel that...
2. Expressions that can be used in telling reasons(1) Firstly, (2) To begin with,(3) First (Second) of all, (4) One reason is...(5) Secondly, (6) For one thing,(7) I feel this way because... (8) The main reason is...(9) In addition, (10) Another reason is...
3. Expressions that can be used in telling details and supporting ideas(1) For example, (2) Therefore,(3) For instance, (4) Not only that, but... also...(5) Because of him (her), (6) An example of this is...(7) As a result, (8) This means that...(9) As an example, (10) Consequently,Unit 1. People
Q Choose the teacher that you admire the most and explain why you admire him or her. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.|Before you start |Listen to the dialogue. Then, answer the questions to get 1-02some ideas about the subject. 1 Why does Joe like his history teacher?____________________2 How does Mr. Kennedy make his students enjoy class?___________________3 What is Joe's friend's opinion about her history class?_______________4 What can you infer about what Joe's friend will do this afternoon?______________Now listen to the lecture. Then, answer the questions to get 1-03some ideas about the subject. 1 What is the poll about?______________________2 What are the two main reasons people admire teachers?____________________3 Why do you think athletes rank higher than teachers?______________________4 What can you infer from the sentence "a teacher inspired them to go to college, and this decision has influenced their whole lives"?____________________|Organizing| Ask yourself the following questions and organize your ideas.1 Who was the teacher you admired the most?2 What are some characteristics of this teacher?3 Give some supporting details about the character of the teacher.
1 The teacher I admire the most_________________
2-1 First reason___________________
3-1 Details ____________________
2-2 Second reason _______________
3-2 Details _________________|Response| Make your response using the above information.
The teacher I admire _____________ To begin with,_______________ In addition, _______________so _____________________|Compare| Listen to a sample response, and compare it with yours. 1-04Unit 2. Places
Q Choose the most memorable city that you ever visited and explain why you believe it is so memorable. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.|Before you start |Listen to the dialogue. Then, answer the questions to get 1-05some ideas about the subject. 1 What did Susan do on her vacation?_______________________2 Did she enjoy her vacation?___________________3 How did she describe her vacation?_______________________4 Do you think Susan's friend will go to Mexico in the future?_______________________Now listen to the lecture. Then, answer the questions to get 1-06some ideas about the subject. 1 Which country had the most tourists last year?_______________________2 Why does New York attract many tourists?_______________________3 In what aspect of tourism is the United States ahead of France and Spain?_______________________4 What do you think tourists spent money on in the United States?_______________________|Organizing| Ask yourself the following questions and organize your ideas.1 Which city that you visited was the most memorable?2 Which aspects of this city made it a memorable place?3 Give some supporting details about these aspects.
1 The city most memorable ________________
2-1 First reason ________________
3-1 Details ________________
2-2 Second reason ________________
3-2 Details ________________|Response| Make your response using the above information.
In my opinion, Firstly,________________ Secondly, ________________ Consequently, ________________|Compare| Listen to a sample response, and compare it with yours. 1-07Unit 3. Events
Q What was a social event that you participated in that you cannot forget? Explain why you cannot forget it. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.|Before you start |Listen to the dialogue. Then, answer the questions to get 1-08some ideas about the subject. 1 Who got married on the weekend?_____________________________2 What was special about the wedding?_____________________________3 What did they have at the wedding reception?_____________________________4 How do you think Fred felt the next day after dancing all night long?_____________________________Now listen to the lecture. Then, answer the questions to get 1-09some ideas about the subject. 1 How many special events do Americans take part in each year?_____________________________2 What are the most common social events for Americans?_____________________________3 What do people do at some special events?_____________________________4 How do you think many Americans prepare food on the Fourth of July?_____________________________|Organizing| Ask yourself the following questions and organize your ideas.1 What was a very memorable social event you participated in?2 What aspects of this event made it memorable?3 Give some supporting facts about these aspects.
1 A memorable social event _____________
2-1 First reason _____________
3-1 Details _____________
2-2 Second reason _____________
3-2 Details _____________|Response| Make your response using the above information.
It is my opinion that _____________ One reason is _____________ Another reason is _____________As a result, _____________|Compare| Listen to a sample response, and compare it with yours. 1-10Unit 4. Objects
Q Choose the most remarkable book that you ever read and explain why the book was so remarkable. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.|Before you start |Listen to the dialogue. Then, answer the questions to get 1-11some ideas about the subject. 1 What problem does Kay have?_________________2 What does her father suggest?_________________3 What kind of books does Kay like?_________________4 What do you think she will do when she sees her teacher?_________________Now listen to the lecture. Then, answer the questions to get 1-12some ideas about the subject. 1 What did the professor say is overwhelming our society?_________________2 What types of books are popular?_________________3 What three things did readers say attracted them to a writer or book?_________________4 Why do you think the number of readers is fewer than that in the past?_________________|Organizing| Ask yourself the following questions and organize your ideas.1 What was a remarkable book you have read?2 What aspects of the book made it remarkable?3 Give some supporting facts about these aspects.
1 The book I found most remarkable ________________
2-1 First reason ________________
3-1 Details ________________
2-2 Second reason ________________
3-2 Details ________________|Response| Make your response using the above information.
I consider ________________ I feel this way because ________________ Therefore, ________________In addition, ________________|Compare| Listen to a sample response, and compare it with yours. 1-13Unit 5. Transportation
Q What is the best way to commute in your city? Explain why it is such a good way to commute. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.|Before you start |Listen to the dialogue. Then, answer the questions to get 1-14some ideas about the subject. 1 Why was Pete late for class?______________________________2 How many times has Pete been late this month?______________________________3 Why does his teacher suggest he use public transportation?______________________________4 How do you think Pete will come to school tomorrow?______________________________Now listen to the lecture. Then, answer the questions to get 1-15some ideas about the subject. 1 How many cars are on the planet?______________________________2 When and where was the first subway built?______________________________3 Where is the world's biggest subway system?______________________________4 What can you infer about the buses of the future?______________________________|Organizing| Ask yourself the following questions and organize your ideas.1 What is the best way to commute in your city?2 What aspects of this method make it the best?3 Give some supporting facts about these aspects.
1 The best way to commute _____________________
2-1 First reason _____________________
3-1 Details _____________________
2-2 Second reason _____________________
3-2 Details _____________________|Response| Make your response using the above information.
It is my estimation that_____________________ For one thing, _____________________ As an example, _____________________Secondly, _____________________|Compare| Listen to a sample response, and compare it with yours. 1-16Unit 6. Actions
Q What was the biggest decision that you have made in your life? Explain why it was such a big decision. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.|Before you start |Listen to the dialogue. Then, answer the questions to get 1-17some ideas about the subject. 1 What decision is Rita trying to make?_____________________________2 What do her parents want her to do?_____________________________3 What does Mr. Roberts suggest?_____________________________4 What do you think Mr. Roberts' job is?_____________________________Now listen to the lecture. Then, answer the questions to get 1-18some ideas about the subject. 1 What is the professor talking about?_____________________________2 What are some examples of simple decisions?_____________________________3 What are some examples of more life-influencing decisions?_____________________________4 What are some possible fears people have when making decisions?_____________________________|Organizing| Ask yourself the following questions and organize your ideas.1 What was the biggest decision you've ever made?2 What aspects of this choice made it such a big decision?3 Give some supporting facts related to this decision.
1 The biggest decision in my life _________________
2-1 First reason _________________
3-1 Details _________________
2-2 Second reason _________________
3-2 Details _________________|Response| Make your response using the above information.
I strongly feel that _________________ The main reason is _________________ For instance, _________________ Another reason is _________________|Compare| Listen to a sample response, and compare it with yours. 1-19Unit 7. Qualities
Q What are the qualities required for a person to be a good leader? Explain why these qualities are important. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.|Before you start |Listen to the dialogue. Then, answer the questions to get 1-20some ideas about the subject. 1 Why does Jack need some advice?______________________________2 What does his mother say makes a good leader?______________________________3 What are some examples of good leaders she gives?______________________________4 How do you think Jack feels after talking with his mother?______________________________
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]