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西北师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2013年西北师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
I. Grammar & Vocabulary (20 points)
Directions: There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1．Whenever you see an old film, you can’t help being struck by the appearance of the actresses—their hair styles and make-up look dated, their general appearance is in fact slightly _____.
A. classic
B. fanciful
C. deranged
D. ludicrous【答案】D【解析】句意：每次看老电影，女演员出场之时，你都会感到很震惊，她们的妆容和发型都过时了，她们的相貌总的来说都有点滑稽。本题考查的是词义辨析，ludicrous滑稽的；荒唐的，符合题意，故为正确答案。classic经典的；古典的。fanciful想象的；稀奇的。deranged疯狂的；精神错乱的。
2．When an American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient prosperous city on the _____ Ayia Irini, the archaeologists discovered a graceful Goddess.
A. promontory
B. outpost
C. traits
D. channel【答案】A【解析】句意：当一支美国探险队于阿伊亚•依里尼海角的古城里发现了一座庙宇之时，考古学家发现了一座优雅的女神雕像。本题考查的是词义辨析，promontory岬，海角，符合题意，故为正确答案。outpost警戒部队；边区村落。traits特性，特质。channel通道；频道；海峡。
3．Now Norman has put himself into the patient _____ state of mind of a chess player.
A. contemplative
B. attentive
C. pondering
D. thinking【答案】A【解析】句意：现在诺曼变成了一位有耐心，爱思考的象棋手。本题考查的是词义辨析，contemplative沉思的；冥想的，符合题意，故为正确答案。attentive留意的，注意的。pondering默想，考虑的现在分词。thinking思考的；思想的。
4．Dr. Park was accused _____ the patient with overdose of sleeping pills so that the patient’s life was terminated before the expected time.
A. of providing
B. with providing
C. to have provided
D. to provide【答案】A【解析】句意：帕克医生接到指控，因为他给病人服用了过量的安眠药，导致病人提前死亡。本题考查的是固定搭配。be accused of …被指控；被控告犯有……。
5．By the end of next month we ______ this assignment.
A. will finish
B. will be finishing
C. will have finished
D. have finished【答案】C【解析】句意：下月末我们就已经完成任务了。本题考查的是将来完成时的用法，By the end of next month是将来完成时的标志，故答案为C。
6．We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours _____ miracle.
A. is working
B. works
C. will be working
D. worked【答案】B【解析】句意：除非你的经济计划能够发挥作用，否则我们今年将会遭受损失。本题考查的是时态的用法，由if when unless来引导的从句，如果主句是一般将来时（或者将来时相关时态）那么从句用一般现在时，故答案为B。
7．It was dark in the cave so she _____ a match.
A. struck
B. hit
C. fired
D. burned【答案】A【解析】句意：洞穴里面没有光亮，所以她点了根火柴。本题考查的是固定搭配，strike a match点火柴，符合题意，故为正确答案。
8．Mary will not be able to come to the birthday’ party as she is _____ with a cold.
A. laid out
B. laid up
C. laid by
D. laid down【答案】B【解析】句意：玛丽今天不能来参加生日聚会了，因为她生病需要休息。本题考查的是短语辨析，lay up贮存；搁置；卧床不起，符合题意，故为正确答案。lay out 展示；安排；花钱；为……划样。lay by 把……搁置在一旁；积蓄，储存。lay down制定；铺设；主张。
9．She often says her greatest happiness _____ serving the handicapped children.
A. relies on
B. consists in
C. composes of
D. comprises in【答案】B【解析】句意：她常说自己最大的快乐在于帮助残障儿童。本题考查的是短语辨析，consist in…在于；存在于……符合题意，故为正确答案。rely on…依靠，依赖……。compose of …由……组成。comprise包含；由……组成。
10．To make this _____ clear we shall have to look closely into biology’s long history.
A. distinction
B. indication
C. recognition
D. constitution【答案】A【解析】句意：为了搞清楚这一差别，我们必须认真地审视一下生物学发展的漫长历史。本题考查的是词义辨析，distinction意为“区别；差异”；符合题意，故为正确答案。indication意为“标示，迹象”。recognition意为“（正式的）承认，认可，认知”。constitution意为“宪法，体制”。
11．There is nothing in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to _____ a difference.
A. display
B. indicate
C. demonstrate
D. appear【答案】B【解析】句意：物理结构什么都没有，大脑即内部器官都没有什么差别。本题考查的是词义辨析，indicate表明；指出，符合题意，故为正确答案，display显示；表现。demonstrate证明；展示。appear出现；显得；似乎。
12．The largest brain ever examined belonged to a person of weak _____.
A. health
B. body
C. mind
D. thought【答案】C【解析】句意：目前为止检测到的最大的大脑是一个脑力荏弱的人身上。本题考查的是固定搭配，weak mind低能者，智力低下者，符合题意，故为正确答案。
13．Individuals of every race _____ civilization to go backward or forward.
A. make
B. cause
C. move
D. turn【答案】B【解析】句意：每个种族的人都能让文明前进或者后退。本题考查的是词义辨析，cause引起；使遭受，符合题意，故为正确答案。make使得；进行但是后面不跟动词不定式；布置。move移动；搬家。turn转向；转变。
14．The new government _____ the foreign—owned oil fields one after another.
A. took over
B. took out
C. took off
D. took on【答案】A【解析】句意：新政府将外国投资的油田一个个地接管回来。本题考查的是短语辨析，take over…接收，接管。take out…取出；去掉。take off…起飞；脱下；离开。take on…承担；呈现。
15．The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased _____ wider range of publications and all expansion of newspaper job.
A. circulation
B. reproduction
C. manipulation
D. penetration【答案】A【解析】句意：美国报纸界新的技术革命增加了出版物的销售量，同时也增加了报纸有关的工作岗位数量。本题考查的是词义辨析，circulation传播；循环；发行量，符合题意，故为正确答案。reproduction繁殖，生殖。manipulation操纵；操作。penetration渗透；突破。
16．To the extent that rights and privileges are incompatible, the advocates of women’s so-called “emancipation” must realize that they are also advocating the overthrow of women’s _____.
A. responsibility
B. special limitations
C. differential advantages
D. motherhood【答案】C【解析】句意：权利和特权到底如何不能相容，那些所谓的妇女解放运动倡导者必须得认识到她们也在推翻女性的特别的优势。本题考查的是词义辨析，differential advantages特别的优势，符合题意，故为正确答案。responsibility责任，职责。special limitations特殊的限制。motherhood母性；母亲身份。
17．The human vocal apparatus is equipped to produce only a certain number of sounds. A comparison of any two languages will reveal sounds that are _____.
A. similar
B. difficult
C. different
D. harsh【答案】A【解析】句意：人类的发音器官只能发出一些声音。如果将两种语言放在一起比较，我们可以发现有些音是非常相似的。本题考查的是词义辨析，similar相似的，符合题意，故为正确答案。difficult艰难的，困难的。different不同的。harsh严厉的；严酷的。
18．There are those who claim that the self-flatterer is the most extravagant in his claims but never did a man claim for himself as many virtues as the lover accredits to _____.
A. the person loved
B. humanity
C. the flatterer
D. himself【答案】A【解析】句意：有人说自我奉承者的人是最放纵的人，但是从没有人要求自己也拥有博爱之人给予他所爱之人的美德。由句意，答案是A。
19．A good speaker varies his speed of delivery to match the significance of his oratory. Slow speech is appropriate for the important ideas, but the less weighty material should be disposed of rather speedily. It is important that with variety of material there should be variety of _____.
A. volume
B. pitch
C. timbre
D. tempo【答案】D【解析】句意：好的发言人能够根据自己的演讲内容的重要性来调整自己讲话的速度。重要之事需要慢慢道来，不那么重要之事可以快一点说完。不同的材料搭配不同的讲话速度是很重要的。本题考查的是词义辨析，tempo速度，发展速度，符合题意，故为正确答案。volume体积；卷；音量。pitch沥青；音高。timbre音色；音质。
20．Every citizen in a democracy, it is said, must have equality, and the will of the majority is supreme; thus the poor have more power than the rich because _____.
A. it is their turn to rule
B. there are more of them
C. their needs are greater
D. the rich are ever wicked【答案】B【解析】句意：有人说民主政体的每个人都是平等的，多数人的意志处于主导地位，因而穷人比富人拥有更大的权力，因为穷人占多数。由句意，答案为B。
II. Error Correction. (10 points)
The following passage contains TEN error, each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it.【答案与解析】
1．illustrate→illustrated（根据第一段第一句话“The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference between school lore and nursery lore.”上一章就说明了韵脚在孩子们之间的传播速度非常快，也表明了学校的歌曲和托儿所的歌曲差距很大。前半句的谓语动词是has shown，后面也应该是has illustrated.）
2．the→a（根据第二句话“In nursery lore a verse, learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when a little listener has grown up and has children of his own, or even grandchildren.”小孩子长大后一般不会将幼儿园学到的儿歌韵文传下去，有了自己的孩子甚至孙子后也不会。此处应该用不定冠词表示泛指，a little listener，小听众，小孩子。）
3．their→his（根据第二句话“In nursery lore a verse, learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when a little listener has grown up and has children of his own, or even grandchildren.” 小孩子长大后一般不会将幼儿园学到的儿歌韵文传下去，有了自己的孩子甚至孙子后也不会。代词与前文a little listener在单复数上保持一致。）
4．something→anything（根据第三句话“The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting it may be anything from 20 to 70 years.”学会一首儿歌并将它传播开来大约需要20到70年。这里anything from...to...表示大约在……之间。）
5．therefore→however（根据第四句话“With the playground lore, however, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour it is learnt;”然而学校操场上学来的歌曲可能只需要一会儿就传开了。根据上下逻辑关系，此处应该表示转折。）
6．in the general去掉the（根据第四句话“…and, in general, it passes between children of the same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years.”而且，一般来说学校儿歌容易在同龄小孩子当中传播，因为年龄差大于5岁的孩子是不会在一起玩耍的。一般来说，in general。）
7．currently→current（根据第五句话“If, therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or…”因此，如果一首操场儿歌现在已经流传了100年…currently副词，当前；一般地，current现在的；流通的，作表语用形容词current。）
8．it has passed→it has been passed（根据第五句话“very possibly it has been passed along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and milers…”它很可能已经由200到300位听众或运动员传播下去。歌曲应该是被传递下去。）
9．live→alive（根据最后一句话“…and the wonder is that it remains alive after so much handling, let alone that it bears resemblance to the original wording.”而且神奇的是，历经多次修改后，它仍然保持着生命力，更不要说它的选词与其最初版本仍有相似之处。live活的；生动的，alive活泼的；有生气的。）
10．to去掉（根据最后一句话“... and the wonder is that it remains alive after so much handling, let alone that it bears resemblance to the original wording.”而且神奇的是，历经多次修改后，它仍然保持着生命力，更不要说它的选词与其最初版本仍有相似之处。let alone 是固定搭配，前面不加to。）
III. Reading Comprehension. (30 points)
Directions: In this section, there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.
TEXT A
The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, you’d expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries at a moderate cost. What was once the ‘grand tour’, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody’s grasp? The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn’t have dreamed of. But what’s the sense of tins mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?
Many tourists ‘organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modem tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.
The sad thing about this situation is flint it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, “Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites’ of that ‘Latin peoples shout a lot”. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?
Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact “how trite it sounds! That all people are human.” We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.
1．The best title for this passage is _____.
A. tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations
B. tourism is tiresome
C. conducted tour is dull
D. tourism really: does something to one’s country
2．What is the author’s attitude toward tourism?
A. apprehensive
B. negative
C. critical
D. appreciative
3．Which word in the following is the best to summarize Latin people shout a lot?
A. silent
B. noisy
C. lively
D. active
4．The purpose of the author’s criticism is to point out _____.
A. conducted tour is disappointing
B. the way of touring should be changed
C. when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconception
D. national stereotypes should be changed
5．What is ‘grand tour’ now?
A. Moderate cost.
B. Local sight-seeing is investigated by the tourist organization.
C. People enjoy the first-rate comforts.
D. Everybody can enjoy the ‘grand tour’.【答案与解析】
1．A 第二段第二句话“They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population.”，许多旅游组织有意识不让旅游者接触当地居民，第三段最后一句话“But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you? ”可是旅行社竭力制止，你又怎么能交上外国朋友呢？这一切说明A项旅游业并不能促进国家间相互理解。
2．C 由全文可知，作者对旅游业持批评的态度。
3．B shout a lot 经常大叫，大吼，就是吵吵闹闹的。
4．B 整篇文章（除第一段外）都环绕旅游方式不理想来进行批评。第二段集中在导游观光使旅游者难以和当地人民接触。第三段，见到的只是证实了旅游者本人事先形成的思想/先入之见，旅游根本达不到了解对方的目的。第四段讲了民族固定模式（先入之见的模式）的可怕后果。要使人懂得所有的人们都是人类，彼此相似，却又各具特点，就得改变旅游方式。
5．D 根据最后一段倒数第二句话“Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn’t have dreamed of. ”现代的游客可以享受到旧时只有贵族小姐们才能享受到的大旅行，故现在的大旅行是普通人可以享受的大旅行。
TEXT B
Roger Rosenblatt’s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayle’s recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity winch it propounds.
Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological and talking about novels and stories primarily as Instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatt’s literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.
Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the facial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors? Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modem fiction-with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of" writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition, looking at novels written by Black over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring not surprisingly from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly white culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it.
Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatt’s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works. Yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For Instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different 1rind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomey’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?
In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright: lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.
6．The author of the text is primarily concerned with _____.
A. evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism
B. comparing various critical approaches to a subject
C. discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism
D. summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism
7．The author of the text believes that Black Fiction would have been improved had Rosenblatt _____.
A. evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects of Black fiction
B. attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories by Black authors
C. explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Black fiction throughout its history
D. assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzes thematically
8．The author’s discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as _____.
A. Pedantic and contentious
B. Critical but admiring
C. Ironic and deprecating
D. Argumentative but unfocused
9．The author of the text employs all of the following in the discussion of Rosenblatt’s book EXCEPT _____.
A. Rhetorical questions
B. Specific examples
C. Comparison and contrast
D. Definition of terms
10．The author of the text refers to James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man most probably in order to _____.
A. point out affinities between Rosenblatt’s method of thematic analysis and earlier criticism
B. clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in the passage
C. qualify the assessment of Rosenblatt’s book made in the first paragraph of the passage
D. give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenblatt’s work【答案与解析】
6．A 由第一段第一句话“Roger Rosenblatt’s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies.”罗杰·罗森布莱特的著作《黑人小说》，试图运用文学的而不是社会政治的标准来研究黑人小说，这成功地改变了大多数早先研究的方法。还有最后一段第一句话“In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study.”尽管存在这些遗漏，罗森布莱特所做的包括他的讨论，已包括了足以构成精明而有价值的研究内容。所以说本文是在评价一本书。
7．D 根据倒数第二段第二句“Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatt’s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works. Yet his reluctance seems misplaced…”《黑人小说》确实对一些美学的问题没有给予回答，罗森布莱特的主题分析允许相当的客观性；他甚至直言，对各个作品的优劣判定不是他工作的意图。然而他的犹豫看起来是不合时宜的。故答案是D，如果他分析了作品的文学美感，那么他的作品就会得到提升。
8．B 由最后一段第一句话“In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study.”尽管存在这些遗漏，罗森布莱特所做的包括他的讨论，已包括了足以构成精明而有价值的研究内容。说明作者的态度是批评又欣赏。
9．D 根据第一段最后一句话“Addison Gayle’s recent work, for example…” 例如，阿狄森·盖尔的最新著作，就用了公开的政治标准来判定黑人小说的价值，按照作品中所提出的黑人个体的各观念对每个作品进行评价。这是举了阿狄森·盖尔的例子，用他的作品与罗森布莱特的作品形成对比。所以B和C是正确的，根据第三段二句话“First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the facial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors?” 首先，除了这些作家的种族身份外，是否有充分的理由可将黑人作家的作品归于一类？说明A反问是正确的，只有D没有用到。
10．D 根据最后一段第二句话“Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.”《黑人小说》考察了广泛的小说，在此过程中我们的注意力被吸引到一些引人入胜但鲜为人知的作品上，如詹姆士·威尔顿·约翰逊的《一个有色人自传》。故答案是D。
TEXT C
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.
The first of these asserts that residents of early modem England moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World was simply a natural spillover. Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English, they would rather have stayed home. By the eighteenth century, people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New World community. For example, the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably.
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