作者：李清如
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和外国人聊文体巨星试读：
和外国人聊文体巨星
作者：李清如排版：辛萌哒本书由北京明天远航文化传播有限公司授权北京当当科文电子商务有限公司制作与发行。— · 版权所有 侵权必究 · —和外国人聊文体巨星最实用的话题，最地道的表达，最实用的词汇，助您突破英语口语瓶颈，实现与老外进行深层次对话和交流；玩转英语口语，见老外不再有口难开；打造沟通高手，说英语也能出口成章；与老外聊天最实用的话题，最原生态的会话场景。
本书不同于一般的英语口语学习书，所选取的每一个话题都是从老外的角度出发，找出他们最感兴趣的话题。每个话题都独立成篇，读者可以根据自己的兴趣从中选取最感兴趣的话题进行练习。
本书语言生动、简洁，让读者在学习地道英语的同时也能感受到英美国家的世风民情。对话中大量的英语固定表达，使您能够非常准确、得体、幽默地与老外进行深度对话。
Homer荷马
荷马堪称文学家族的始祖，而《伊利亚特》与《奥德赛》则是人类诗歌的圣经，它已被作为最古老的战利品陈列在高傲的殿堂，供后人膜拜。哪怕许多人也只是膜拜其超凡脱俗的地位，并不见得真能理解其深奥的内核。
About Homer
关于荷马
In the Western classical tradition Homer, is the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, and is revered as the greatest ancient Greek epic poet. These epics are at the beginning of the Western canon of literature, and have had an enormous influence on the history of literature.
When he lived is controversial. Herodotus estimates that Homer lived 400 years before Herodotus’ own time, which would place him at around 850 BC; while other ancient sources claim that he lived much nearer to the supposed time of the Trojan War, in the early 12th Century BC.
For modern scholars “the date of Homer” refers not to an individual, but to period when the epics were created. The consensus is that “the Iliad and the Odyssey date from around the 8th century BC, the Iliad being composed before the Odyssey, perhaps by some decades,” i.e. earlier than Hesiod, the Iliad being the oldest work of Western literature. Over the past few decades, some scholars have argued for a 7th-century date. Some of those who argue that the Homeric poems developed gradually over a long period of time give an even later date for composition of the poems; according to Gregory Nagy for example, they only became fixed texts in the 6th century. The question of the historicity of Homer the individual is known as the “Homeric question”; there is no reliable biographical information handed down from classical antiquity. The poems are generally seen as the culmination of many generations of oral story-telling, in a tradition with a well-developed formulaic system of poetic composition. Some scholars, such as Martin West, claim that “Homer” is “not the name of a historical poet, but a fictitious or constructed name.”
The formative influence played by the Homeric epics in shaping Greek culture was widely recognized, and Homer was described as the teacher of Greece.
公元前11世纪到公元前9世纪的希腊史称作“荷马时代”，因《荷马史诗》而得名。《荷马史诗》是这一时期唯一的文字史料。《荷马史诗》相传是由盲诗人荷马写成，实际上它是许多民间行吟歌手的集体口头创作。史诗包括了迈锡尼文明以来多少世纪的口头传说，到公元前6世纪才写成文字。它作为史料，不仅反映了公元前11世纪到公元前9世纪的社会情况，而且反映了迈锡尼文明。《荷马史诗》包括《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》两部分。由这两部史诗组成的《荷马史诗》，语言简练，情节生动，形象鲜明，结构严密，是古代世界一部著名的杰作。将荷马其人是否真实存在的争议先搁置一边，单从《荷马史诗》开创了西方文学的先河来说，荷马堪称西方文学的始祖，他以诗歌般的记叙手法所展现的战争，生活场景至今仍为人所津津乐道。同时，《荷马诗史》也是研究古希腊风土人情的宝贵的资料。
Key words & Sentences
关键词句全知道
Homer Epic is very hard to understand.《荷马史诗》很难理解。
The book is not written by Homer.
这本书不是荷马写的。
Homer Epic is a wonderful book, from which I have learned a lot.《荷马史诗》是一本很出色的书，我从中学到了很多。
Kefalonia is thought to be Homer’s Same, because a local town is called Sami.
凯法利尼亚被认为是荷马笔下的塞姆，因为当地一个镇子叫做塞米。
Had Homer’s Trojan War really happened?
荷马的特洛伊之战真的发生过吗？
Homer is the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey.
荷马是《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》的作者。
If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek.
如果你感兴趣的话，你可以读希腊原文的《荷马史诗》。
What do modern day scholars think about Homer?
当代学者对荷马是怎么看的？
The writings of Homer are the origins of kinds of literature traditions in the west.
荷马的作品是西方多种文学传统的源头。
The summer blockbuster season heats up as the story of Troy leaps from the pages of Homer’s The Iliad to movie theaters across the United States.《荷马史诗》之《伊利亚特》中特洛伊战争的故事将在银幕上生动再现，今夏美国影院全线热力上映。
He quoted Homer’s Odyssey.
他引用了荷马的《奥德赛》。
This is a book that luxuriates in description and the use of extended metaphor, as Homer did himself.
这本书中，就像荷马写作的《荷马史诗》那样，叙述丰润、厚重，使用了大量隐喻。
Formerly they were ascribed to a particular blind bard, Homer, who was supposed to have sat down and composed them as Milton composed Paradise Lost.
以前史诗被认定为某一独特的盲吟游诗人荷马所作，人们猜想他坐下来创作时，弥尔顿正在创作《失乐园》。
“The Odyssey”, by Homer, tells the tale of Odysseus’s ten-year journey back from the Trojan War to his wife, Penelope.
荷马笔下的“奥德赛”，讲述了奥德修斯从特洛伊战争历经十年返回到妻子帕涅洛普身边的故事。
Milton wants to write an epic that in some ways comes before, or prevents, the great epics of Homer and Virgil.
弥尔顿想写一首在某种程度上先于荷马和维吉尔伟大史诗的史诗。
But we quickly see that the people referred to as Basileus in Homer are not like the great King of Persia.
但回溯一下那些在《荷马史诗》中被称为巴赛勒斯的人，却并不像波斯王那样强大。
There are no arguments in Homer’s Iliad or Odyssey.
没有辩论存在于荷马的《伊利亚特》或《奥德赛》书中。
When I was a young boy, I would’ve studied just reading and writing Homer.
我小时候要学习阅读书写《荷马史诗》。
Hundreds of years before the birth of Christ, Homer described the fate of the companions of Odysseus who were transformed by a witch into pigs.
在公元前几百年，荷马这样描述奥德赛的几个同伴的命运，一个女巫将他们变成了猪。
What theme had Homer but original sin?
除了原罪外，《荷马史诗》还能有什么主题？
The kings when we see them in Homer do not have a bureaucracy, do not have scribes.
从《荷马史诗》中所看到的那些国王，他们没有官僚作风，没有随身抄写员。
Well, let me turn to another aspect of the story of Homer and how the poems play into Greek society.
接着让我们转向《荷马史诗》的另一方面，看看诗歌是如何融入希腊社会的。
In the story that Homer tells in the Odyssey, Odysseus himself is such a newcomer.
在荷马写的《奥德赛》这一节中，奥德修斯也是外乡人。
Ironically, the more Homer exaggerates, the more authentic he is as a representative of the Bronze Age.
讽刺的是，荷马越是夸大其辞，他就越真实的代表了青铜时代的史实。
The Greeks, in Homer’s world, seem to regard one just about as well as they do the other.
荷马时期的希腊人，似乎和看重其他品质一样，看重这个品质。
This is how Homer prepared himself to be the greatest and the first of all epic poets.
荷马就是这样来让自己成为最伟大的，并且是第一个史诗诗人。
Homer and Virgil and, well after them, Dante and innumerable others have all applied the simile of the leaves or some version of it to describe the numberless-ness of the dead.
荷马，维吉尔，在他们之后还有但丁，以及无法计数的曾经用过这个落叶比喻，或者变种版本来形容死者的数量极多的其他诗人们。
Let’s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Mike: Have you seen Troy?
麦克：你看过《特洛伊》吗？
Daisy: I have seen the movie.
黛西：我看过电影。
Mike: Have you read the story?
麦克：你读过这个故事吗？
Daisy: Where does the story come from?
黛西：这个故事是从哪来的？
Mike: It’s from Homer’s Iliat.
麦克：它来自荷马的《伊利亚特》。
Daisy: Homer’s work is too hard to read.
黛西：荷马的作品太难读了。
Mike: Yes, that’s old English.
麦克：是的，那是古英文。
Daisy: I see all his work is written as a poem, how does he do that.
黛西：我看他的文章都是诗体，他是怎么写出来的。
Mike: I really admire that too.
麦克：我也非常钦佩。
Daisy: The modern writers could not write as good as that.
黛西：当代的作家都写不到那么好。
Mike: There are so many bad novels nowadays.
麦克：现在有很多很烂的小说。
Daisy: Yes, anyone can write a book.
黛西：是的，任何人都能写书。
Mike: I was about to borrow some book from the library.
麦克：我正要去图书馆借点书。
Daisy: Could you borrow some for me, I do not have time to go there.
黛西：能帮我借几本吗，我没时间去。
Mike: No problem, you write a list for me.
麦克：好的，你给我写个单子吧。
Daisy: Ok, I’ll get the pen.
黛西：好的，我去拿笔。
Dante Alighieri阿利盖利・但丁
阿利盖利・但丁是欧洲文艺复兴时代的开拓者。恩格斯曾评价说：“封建的中世纪的终结和现代资本主义纪元的开端，是以一位大人物为标志的，这位人物就是意大利人但丁，他是中世纪的最后一位诗人，同时又是新时代的最初一位诗人”。
About Dante
关于但丁
Durante degli Alighieri commonly known as Dante, was a major Italian poet of the Middle Ages. His Divine Comedy, originally called Commedia and later called Divina by Boccaccio, is considered the greatest literary work composed in the Italian language and a masterpiece of world literature.
In Italy he is known as “The Supreme Poet” (il Sommo Poeta) or just il Poeta. Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio are also known as “the three fountains” or “the three crowns”. Dante is also called the “Father of the Italian language”.
The Divine Comedy describes Dante’s journey through Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and Paradise (Paradiso), guided first by the Roman poet Virgil and then by Beatrice, the subject of his love and of another of his works, La Vita Nuova. While the vision of Hell, the Inferno, is vivid for modern readers, the theological niceties presented in the other books require a certain amount of patience and knowledge to appreciate. Purgatorio, the most lyrical and human of the three, also has the most poets in it; Paradiso, the most heavily theological, has the most beautiful and ecstatic mystic passages in which Dante tries to describe what he confesses he is unable to convey (e.g., when Dante looks into the face of God: “all’alta fantasia qui mancò possa”―“at this high moment, ability failed my capacity to describe,” Paradiso, XXXIII, 142).
Dante’s other works include the Convivio (“The Banquet”) a collection of his longest poems with an (unfinished) allegorical commentary; Monarchia, a summary treatise of political philosophy in Latin, which was condemned and burned after Dante’s death by the Papal Legate Bertrando del Poggetto, which argues for the necessity of a universal or global monarchy in order to establish universal peace in this life, and this monarchy’s relationship to the Roman Catholic Church as guide to eternal peace; De vulgari eloquentia (“On the Eloquence of Vernacular”),on vernacular literature, partly inspired by the Razos de trobar of Raimon Vidal de Bezaudun; and, La Vita Nuova (“The New Life”),the story of his love for Beatrice Portinari, who also served as the ultimate symbol of salvation in the Comedy.
但丁是新旧交替时期的伟大诗人。基督教神学观念、中世纪的偏见和世界观上的种种矛盾，也在《神曲》中得到表现。《神曲》的结构建立在中古时期神秘的象征意义上，情节充满寓意。诗人歌颂现世生活，但又把它看作来世生活的准备。他批判教会至上，但又把神学置于信仰之上。他认为，人类在理性和哲学的指引下得以认识邪恶，但只有依靠信仰和神学，才能达到至善之境。他谴责禁欲主义，但又把一对苦恋的青年保罗和弗兰齐斯嘉作为贪色的罪人，打入地狱接受惩戒。《神曲》的伟大意义在于，它通过诗人幻游过程中遇到的上百个各种类型的人物的描写，以极其广阔的画面，反映出意大利从中世纪向近代世界过渡的转折时期的现实生活和各个领域发生的社会政治变革，透露了新时代的新思想――人文主义的曙光。《神曲》对古今政治、哲学、神学、诗歌、绘画、文化，作了艺术性的阐述和总结。因此，它不但在思想性方面达到了时代的先进水平，是一座划时代的里程碑，而且是一部反映当时社会生活、传授知识的百科全书式的鸿篇巨制。
Key words & Sentences
关键词句全知道
Do you have any material relating to Dante Alighieri or his writings?
你有关于阿利盖利・但丁或他的作品的资料吗？
I can’t understand Dante’s writings.
我看不懂但丁的作品。
Italian poet Dante Alighieri died at 25 on September 13.
9月13日，意大利诗人阿利盖利・但丁逝世，享年25岁。
Dante is famous for The Divine Comedy.
但丁最著名的作品是《神曲》。
That is a bust of Dante Alighieri.
那是但丁的雕像。
Dante’s The Divine Comedy has several types of Chinese translations.
但丁的《神曲》有好几种中文译本。
Dante Alighieri, in “The Inferno” of The Divine Comedy, builds a Christian Underworld from his personal experience.
意大利诗人阿利盖利・但丁，在《神曲・地狱篇》中，加入了个人经验，亦描绘出一个基督教的地狱世界。
Divine Comedy written by Dante Alighieri has epoch-making as the epic of the Middle Age no matter to the history of literature or to the history of pensee.
但丁的《神曲》作为“中世纪的史诗”，无论在人类文学史上还是思想史上都具有划时代的意义。
The group took the vast majority of its subjects from medieval romances or Biblical stories, possibly because of its admiration for Italian poet Dante Alighieri.
这个团体大量地从中世纪浪漫史或圣经故事中取材，可能因为他们对意大利诗人阿利盖利・但丁的推崇。
Dante Alighieri can be considered an example of the “encyclopedic man”.
阿利盖利・但丁可以称得上是“百科全书式的巨人”。
Dante write mythologies.
但丁写神话。
Dante, in his book, De Monarchia on monarchy, saw Aristotle as giving credence to the idea of a universal monarchy under the leadership of a Christian prince.
但丁在他的《论帝制》中，视亚里士多德为力主世界帝国的概念，且是由一位基督王子所主宰。
Dante is a Christian and has access to the Christian myth of the Fall.
但丁是一个基督徒，并且对堕落天使的传说有所研究。
Dante first supplies the notion of fallen-ness.
但丁第一个提出了堕落性的概念。
This is a Dante book.
这是一本但丁的书。
Let’s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Mike: What is the topic of your thesis?
麦克：你论文写的是什么？
Daisy: About the writer Dante.
黛西：关于作家但丁。
Mike: Is he a writer in the Middle Ages?
麦克：他是中世纪的作家吗？
Daisy: Yes, he is a great poet.
黛西：是的，他是个伟大的诗人。
Mike: Aren’t his poem written in ancient English?
麦克：他的诗不是用古英文写的吗？
Daisy: Yes, it was very hard to understand.
黛西：是的，很难理解。
Mike: Do you pick the topic by yourself?
麦克：你自己选的这个题目吗？
Daisy: No, my teacher chose it for me.
黛西：不是，是我的老师选的。
Mike: Who is your teacher?
麦克：你的老师是谁？
Daisy: Mrs. Green, she is a expert in the research of Dante.
黛西：格林女士，她是研究但丁的专家。
Mike: Have many have you written?
麦克：你写了多少了？
Daisy: Just a beginning, I still do not have a clue.
黛西：就写了个开头，我一点头绪都没有。
Mike: You can consult your teacher.
麦克：你可以向老师咨询一下。
Daisy: I plan to meet her in the afternoon.
黛西：我准备下午去找她。
W. William Shakespeare威廉・莎士比亚
莎士比亚在所有的文学人物中首屈一指，这看来是不容置辩的。相对来说，今天很少有人谈乔叟、维吉尔、甚至荷马的作品，但是要上演一部莎士比亚的戏剧，肯定会有很多观众。
About Shakespeare
关于莎士比亚
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s pre-eminent dramatist. His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.
Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, later known as the King’s Men. He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613, where he died three years later.
Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights.
Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century. The Romantics, in particular, acclaimed Shakespeare’s genius, and the Victorians worshipped Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called “bardolatry”. In the 20th century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world.
莎士比亚创造词汇的天赋是无与伦比的，他的话常被引用──甚至包括从未看过或读过他的戏剧的人。况且他的名气也并非昙花一现。近四百年来他的作品一直给读者和评论家带来了许多欢乐。由于莎士比亚的作品已经接受住了时间的考验，因此在将来的许许多多世纪里也将会受到普遍欢迎，这一推测看来不无道理。
在评价莎士比亚的影响时，我们应该这样考虑，如果没有他，就根本不会有他的作品。既能用丰富多样的语言贴切而生动地表现不同人物的特色，也能用朴素自然的词句传达扣人心弦的感情和思想。对文学界造成如此大的影响，难怪他的朋友、著名的戏剧家本・琼斯说：“他不只属于一个时代而属于全世纪。”
Key words & Sentences
关键词句全知道
What do you know about William Shakespeare?
你对威廉・莎士比亚有多少了解呢？
William Shakespeare was a writer of plays and poems.
莎士比亚是一个写作戏剧和诗歌的作家。
William Shakespeare said Love all, trust a few, and do wrong to none.
莎士比亚说对所有人爱，对一些人信赖，对任何人都不负相待。
Iago is an evil character in the play Othello by William Shakespeare.
伊阿古是莎士比亚戏剧《奥赛罗》中的一个坏人。
William Shakespeare was born in England.
威廉・莎士比亚生于英格兰。
By 1592 London was hearing the name William Shakespeare again and again.
到了1592年，威廉・莎士比亚的名字已传遍了伦敦。
William Shakespeare is remembered as one of the best writers of all time.
威廉・莎士比亚作为最优秀的作家之一而流芳百世。
It is an anachronism to say that William Shakespeare “typed” his manuscripts.
如果说威廉・莎士比亚用打字机打手稿，那就犯了年代上的错误了。
Famous English Writer Of all the famous English writers, probably the best known is William Shakespeare.
要在所有知名英语作家中选一个，最出名的大概是威廉・莎士比亚。
Let me conclude my speech with the words of wisdom by William Shakespeare: if music be the food of love, play on.
请容许我借用威廉・莎士比亚的智慧之词来结束我的讲话：如果音乐是爱情之美食，那就让它演奏吧。
In England, Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, John Bunyan, and others used dreams in their stories and plays.
在英国，杰弗里・乔叟、威廉・莎士比亚、约翰・班扬和其他作家都在他们的小说和戏剧里描写过梦。
The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher, Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.
文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫、马洛、威廉・莎士比亚与本・约翰逊。
And we can’t ignore the Doctor’s old friend William Shakespeare and his contribution to the world’s understanding of Venice!
我们不能无视博士的老朋友威廉・莎士比亚以及他对世界能够了解威尼斯所做出的贡献。
William Shakespeare is really a greatest writer in history,
威廉・莎士比亚的确是史上一伟大作家。
I have read all of Shakespeare works.
我读过莎士比亚的所有著作。
Some of Shakespeare’s most famous plays are Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet.
莎士比亚最著名的剧本是《哈姆莱特》和《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。
William Shakespeare wrote 37 plays.
威廉・莎士比亚共写了37个剧本。
The Complete Works of William Shakespeare has been on screen in London for nine years.《莎士比亚全集》在英国伦敦公演长达九年。
Let’s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Mike: I have two tickets for Romeo and Juliet, do you want to come?
麦克：我有两张《罗密欧和朱丽叶》的门票，你想去吗？
Daisy: Absolutely, how did you get this?
黛西：当然想去，你怎么弄到票的？
Mike: My client gave them to me.
麦克：我的客户给我的。
Daisy: They are so kind.
黛西：他们真好。
Mike: Do they know you like Shakespeare’s plays?
麦克：他们知道你喜欢莎士比亚的戏剧吗？
Daisy: Yes, I’ve mention it for once.
黛西：是的，我提过一次。
Mike: Is Romeo and Juliet your favorite play?
麦克：《罗密欧和朱丽叶》是你最喜欢的戏剧吗？
Daisy: No, my favorite is Hamlet. But I like all of Shakespeare’s plays.
黛西：不是，我最喜欢的是《哈姆雷特》。不过莎翁的其他作品我也喜欢。
Mike: He is indeed the greatest play writer in history.
麦克：他的确是史上最伟大的剧作家了。
Daisy: Yes, I just love the language in his play, very beautiful.
黛西：是的，我非常喜欢他戏剧中的语言，非常优美。
Mike: I have read his work, but I’ve never see a play.
麦克：我读过他的作品，但我从没看过戏剧。
Daisy: Then you must come, the actors are said to be very good.
黛西：那你就一定要去了，听说里面的演员非常好。
Mike: I am very excited now.
麦克：我现在就开始激动了。
John Milton约翰・弥尔顿
弥尔顿的一生跨过了整个17世纪的四分之三。正如我们所看到的那样，弥尔顿是他那个时代的文坛巨匠，是继莎士比亚之后主要的英国诗人。他的传记比其他诗人的更为重要也更为有趣，因为它与主人公生活时代的历史紧密相连。可以断言，任何一位诗人都受到他生活于其中的环境的影响，以及受到童年时代的影响，并且有一些诗人直接投身于实际事务之中。
About Milton
关于弥尔顿
John Milton was an English poet, polemicist, and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost.
He was a scholarly man of letters, a polemical writer, and an official serving under Oliver Cromwell. He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval in England, and his poetry and prose reflect deep convictions and deal with contemporary issues, such as his treatise condemning licensing, Areopagitica. As well as English, he wrote in Latin and Italian, and had an international reputation during his lifetime. After his death, Milton’s critical reception oscillated, a state of affairs that continued through the centuries. At an early stage he became the subject of partisan biographies, such as that of John Toland from the nonconformist perspective, and a hostile account by Anthony à Wood.
Samuel Johnson wrote unfavourably of his politics as those of “an acrimonious and surly republican”; but praised Paradise Lost “a poem which, considered with respect to design may claim the first place, and with respect to performance, the second, among the productions of the human mind”. William Hayley’s 1796 biography called him the “greatest English author”. He remains generally regarded “as one of the preeminent writers in the English language and as a thinker of world importance”.
弥尔顿的一生或许恰恰是他所生活的17世纪思想史的基础。弥尔顿在他的青年时代就是一个出色的学者和早熟的诗人，其思想境界属于伊丽莎白时代。他出版的第一部诗集是1632年附于莎士比亚第二折本里的颂诗。
他创作了《快乐的人》《幽思的人》和《利西达斯》等精致美妙的短诗。这些诗作足以促使他在英国抒情诗坛上占据一个显要的位置。1642年国内战争爆发，他站在叛军一方，随后的二十年他背叛了缪斯精神，把主要精力投入到小册子的创作中，为自由党服务。后来他开始变得盲目起来，部分原因是因为他担任克伦威尔的外国语秘书。大英联邦失败王朝复辟之后，由于朋友的帮助和敌人的手下留情，弥尔顿幸免于走上绞刑架。退隐后，他把余生投入到他的杰作《失乐园》《复乐园》和《力士参孙》的创作中。因此他的职业生涯可以根据17世纪的历史划分为三个阶段：伊丽莎白王朝的尾声、共和国时期以及王朝复辟时代。
弥尔顿的早期诗歌并没有显出他稚嫩的痕迹，他初出文坛就立刻显示了他在抒情诗方面的天赋才能。二十一岁的时候创作的《基督教降生的早晨礼赞》气势宏伟，宣告了一个在其后时代创作基督主题叙事诗的伟大诗人的诞生。《快乐的人》洋溢着生活的欢欣。
Key words & Sentences
关键词句全知道
Who that has read Milton can ever forget him?
读过弥尔顿作品的人谁能忘记他呢?
Milton’s Paradise Lost consists of twelve books.
弥尔顿的《失乐园》共有十二册。
The childhood shows the man, as morning shows the day. ―John Milton
从童年可看成年，犹如从早晨可推知一天。――约翰・弥尔顿
Milton’s literary achievements can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the great poem.
弥尔顿的文学作品可分为三类：早期诗作、中期的散文小册子和后期的伟大诗作。
In Samson Agonistes, the whole poem strongly suggests Milton’s passionate longing that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own life.
在《力士参孙》中，整首诗都强烈暗示着弥尔顿渴望他自己也能像参孙一样，以生命为代价，与敌人同归于尽。
Milton is the milestone significance in the history of European literature.
弥尔顿在欧洲文学史上是一位具有里程碑意义的人物。
John Milton is a famous man in English Renaissance and Revolution, and the idea of liberty is the central content of his thoughts.
弥尔顿作为英国文艺复兴和资产阶级革命时期的重要人物，自由理论是其思想中最核心的观念范畴。
Let me take you back to the seventeenth century, up to the very beginning of the literary reception of John Milton.
让我把你们带回到17世纪，约翰・弥尔顿刚在文学领域为人所知的时候。
John Milton, one of the most renowned poets of the English language, dedicates great enthusiasm to the narration and exploration of the temptation theme.
17世纪英国著名诗人弥尔顿在他一生的文学创作中对诱惑主题的描写和探讨倾注了极大热情，他对诱惑的认识是基于他的自由意志论的神学思想。
John Milton enters Christ’s, where he studies until 1632.
约翰・弥尔顿进入基督学院学习，他在那里一直学习到1632年。
John Milton’s Paradise Lost is a political and religious epic.
约翰・弥尔顿的《失乐园》是一部政治宗教性史诗。
They tried to appraise the poetry of John Milton.
他们试图评价弥尔顿的诗。
We have already encountered on some level the importance of the figure of eating to John Milton.
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]