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北京航空航天大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2010年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
Part Ⅰ. Vocabulary (30 points)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
1. The _____ is used by astrologers to help calculate the influence of the planets on people’s lives.
A. zephyr
B. zodiac
C. zyme
D. zest【答案】B【解析】句意：天文学家通过占星术中的黄道十二宫来计算星球对人类生活的影响。zodiac黄道十二宫（用于占星术）。zephyr和风，微风。zyme酶。zest热情；热心。
2. It’s a _____ timetable. Sometimes lessons happen, sometimes they don’t.
A. haphazard
B. odious
C. haughty
D. handicapped【答案】A【解析】句意：这个时间表有时有课，有时没有。haphazard随意的；无计划的。odious可憎的；可恶的。haughty高傲的；自大的。handicapped残障的；有生理缺陷的。根据“有时有课，有时没有”可知，此时间表是无计划的，随意的。
3. The poor man’s clothes were so _____ that they couldn’t be repaired any more.
A. oozed
B. ragged
C. mopped
D. mocked【答案】B【解析】句意：这个穷人的衣服如此破烂以至于不能再修补了。ooze渗出；分泌出。ragged破烂的；衣衫褴褛的。mopped蓬乱的。mock嘲弄；嘲笑。
4. The actor amused the audience by _____ some well-known people.
A. embroidering
B. rigging
C. yelping
D. mimicking【答案】D【解析】句意：这个演员通过模仿一些名人来娱乐大众。mimic模仿，学……的样子。embroider刺绣，绣花。rig给（船只桅杆）装配帆及索具；垄断。yelp叫喊。
5. No men was allowed to _____ on the livelihood of his neighbor.
A. wade
B. invoke
C. muffle
D. infringe【答案】D【解析】句意：不允许任何人侵犯邻居的生活。infringe侵犯；侵害。wade涉水而行；艰难的进行。invoke引起；祈求。muffle裹住；使声音低沉。
6. The machinery had been wrecked so efficiently that police were sure it was a case of _____.
A. vagabond
B. sabotage
C. paradox
D. tachyon【答案】B【解析】句意：从机器毁坏的有效程度，警方确信这是一起蓄意破坏的事件。sabotage破坏活动；妨害。vagabond流浪者；懒汉。paradox自相矛盾的议论。tachyon速子（一种假设的快于光速的基本粒子）。
7. The island is maintained as a _____ for endangered species.
A. wetlands
B. sanctuary
C. mire
D. heath【答案】B【解析】句意：这个岛屿是濒危动物的避难所。sanctuary避难所。wetland湿地。mire困境；泥沼。heath荒地。
8. The hunter kept the lion’s skin and head as _____.
A. trophies
B. fillet
C. tulip
D. clown【答案】A【解析】句意：这位猎人把狮子的皮毛和头骨作为战利品。trophy战利品；奖品。fillet里脊肉；束发带。tulip郁金香花。clown小丑。
9. If you _____ something, such as food or drink, you reduce its quality or make it weaker, for example by adding water to it.
A. adulterate
B. moor
C. vaccinate
D. sue【答案】A【解析】句意：如果你往食物或饮品之类的东西里掺假，例如往里面兑水，就会降低它们的质量。adulterate掺杂。moor停泊；固定。vaccinate注射疫苗。sue控告；起诉。
10. The orphanage is just one of her _____ causes.
A. phonetic
B. philanthropic
C. prevalent
D. lunatic【答案】B【解析】句意：这座孤儿院只是她的慈善事业之一。philanthropic仁慈的；慈善的。phonetic语音的。prevalent盛行的，流行的。lunatic精神错乱的；疯狂的。
11. Many animals display _____ instincts only while their offspring are young and helpless.
A. cerebral
B. imperious
C. rueful
D. maternal【答案】D【解析】句意：许多动物只有在它们的后代幼年和无助时才会体现出母性的本能。maternal母性的。cerebral理智的；大脑的。imperious专横的；紧急的。rueful悲伤的；可怜的。
12. The guests, having eaten until they were_____, now listened inattentively to the speakers.
A. contradicted
B. satiated
C. griped
D. trespassed【答案】B【解析】句意：这些客人吃饱之后，现在正漫不经心地听讲话者说话。satiate满足（食欲或欲望）。contradict同……矛盾，同……抵触。gripe抓紧；激怒。trespass侵犯，打扰。
13. While she had the fever, she _____ for hours.
A. raved
B. sniggered
C. tittered
D. perforated【答案】A【解析】句意：她发烧期间，胡言乱语好几个小时。rave胡言乱语；狂热赞扬。snigger窃笑；暗笑。titter偷笑。perforate穿孔。
14. If you spill hot liquid on your skin it will _____ you.
A. scale
B. scald
C. shun
D. shunt【答案】B【解析】句意：如果你将沸水洒在了皮肤上，它会烫伤你。scald（被沸水）烫伤。scale攀登；按比例排列。shun躲避；躲闪。shunt把……转移到另一地方。
15. The mice _____ when the cat came.
A. rambled
B. lingered
C. sauntered
D. scampered【答案】D【解析】句意：当老鼠遇到猫时，老鼠会惊慌奔跑。scamper奔跑，奔逃。ramble闲逛；漫步。linger徘徊；停留。saunter闲逛；漫步。
16. The chimney is no longer _____ volumes of waste gas into atmosphere, as protective filters are being used.
A. giving away
B. giving off
C. giving in
D. giving up【答案】B【解析】句意：这个烟囱不再散发大量的废气到空气中了，因为使用了环保的过滤器。give off散发出。give away泄露。give in让步；呈交。give up放弃。
17. At three o’clock _____ a cold morning, he arrived here.
A. in
B. at
C. on
D. of【答案】C【解析】句意：在一个寒冷的早晨三点钟，他来到了这里。表示特指的早上应用on。
18. I’m sure dirty, _____?
A. am I
B. aren’t I
C. isn’t I
D. am not I【答案】B【解析】当属于第一人称反义疑问句时，反问部分应该使用are。
19. _____, there is no place like home, wherever you go.
A. It may be humble
B. As humble it may be
C. Humble it may be
D. Humble as it may be【答案】D【解析】句意：虽然家也许很简陋，但是无论你走到哪里都没有一个地方像家一样。此句为as或though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。其中用as来引导时可以将从句倒装，结构为“形容词/副词+as+主语+谓语”。所以答案为D。
20. But for his help, I _____.
A. did not succeed
B. had not succeeded
C. should not have succeeded
D. have not succeeded【答案】C【解析】句意，要是没有他的帮助，我不会成功。shouldn’t have done sth.本不应该却做了某事。should have done sth.意为本应该却没有做某事。
21. Try and calm yourself, _____ your mind will be easy again.
A. and
B. or
C. when
D. before【答案】A【解析】句意：试着平静下来，然后你的心情也会再一次放松。此处应选顺承连词，and除表示并列之外，也可表示顺承关系。or为转折关系，when为时间连词，before为副词，三者均不适用。因此，答案应为and，选A。
22. The price of the real estate in this area may _____ to unexpected values, so everyone should be conscious of the maximum price that he would want to pay for a particular property.
A. stagger
B. stink
C. soar
D. suspend【答案】C【解析】句意：这一地区的房地产价格可能会飙升到一个意料之外的价值，所以每个人都要谨慎考虑他愿意为一处房产所支付的最高价格。soar上升。stagger犹豫；蹒跚而行。stink发出恶臭。suspend暂停。
23. Contrary to popular belief, epidemics do not occur _____ after a natural disaster.
A. spontaneously
B. simultaneously
C. homogeneously
D. instantaneously【答案】D【解析】句意：与常规的观点相反，流行病并不在自然灾害后马上出现。instantaneously即时地。spontaneously自发地；自然地。simultaneously同时发生地。homogeneously同种地；同质地。
24. Immigration from countries and cultures that are _____ with the cultural core of this nation has been generally prohibited.
A. interior
B. invisible
C. incompatible
D. integral【答案】C【解析】句意：那些来自与这个国家和本国文化不相容的国家的移民应该被禁止。incompatible不相适应的。interior内部的；内地的。invisible无形的；看不见的。integral完整的；集成的。
25. This course is designed to help children _____ such real life situations as separation and loss.
A. cope with
B. settle down
C. intervene in
D. interfere with【答案】A【解析】句意：这门课是为了帮助那些孩子们处理真实生活可能出现的问题，例如分离和失败。cope with解决，处理。settle down定居下来；安静下来。intervene in介入；干涉。interfere with打扰；干涉。
26. Foreign language teachers of this university are busy designing a test of spoken English to _____ the original written examination.
A. contaminate
B. compliment
C. complement
D. coordinate【答案】C【解析】句意：这所大学的外文老师们正在忙着设计英语口语考试来补充原有的笔试。complement补充；与……相配。contaminate污染。compliment赞扬；夸奖。coordinate协调；调节。
27. Idlers, no matter how poor they are, are always _____ at finding reasons not to take action to improve their living conditions.
A. intrinsic
B. ingenious
C. initial
D. inherent【答案】B【解析】句意：流浪汉无论多么穷困都能够找到借口不去采取措施改善他们的生活状况。ingenious足智多谋的。intrinsic内在的；本质的。initial开始的；最初的。inherent天生的，遗传的。
28. As the graduation is drawing near, every student began to _____ his future.
A. compensate
B. contemplate
C. jeopardize
D. manifest【答案】B【解析】句意：临近毕业，每个学生都开始考虑未来。contemplate思量，仔细思考。compensate补偿。jeopardize阻碍，妨碍。manifest表现，展示。
29. Although the resistance groups do not show great military _____, they frequently penetrate deep into the interior.
A. prowess
B. prowl
C. psalm
D. psyche【答案】A【解析】句意：虽然抵御部队没有表现出强大的军事力量，但是他们好几次深入内陆。prowess英勇；非凡的能力。prowl搜寻；觅食。psalm赞美诗。psyche灵魂；心理学。
30. The Great _____ in the USA is 1900 meters deep and 25 kilometers wide at its maximum.
A. Canyon
B. Ford
C. Abyss
D. Quarry【答案】A【解析】句意：美国大峡谷有1900米深，最宽处有2500米宽。Canyon峡谷。Ford渡口。Abyss深渊，深坑。Quarry采石场。
Part Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Section A
Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. (30 points)Passage One
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.“When more and more people are thrown out of work, unemployment results,” Calvin Coolidge once observed. As the U. S. economy crumbles, Coolidge’s silly maxim might appear to be as apt as ever: the number of unemployment insurance claims is rising, and overall joblessness is creeping upward. But in today’s vast and complex labor market, things aren’t always what they seem. More and more people are indeed losing their jobs but not necessarily because the economy appears to be in recession. And old-fashioned unemployment isn’t the inevitable result of job loss. New work, at less pay, often is.
Call it new-wave unemployment: structural changes in the economy are overlapping the business downturn, giving joblessness a grim new twist. Small wonder that the U. S. unemployment rate is rising. Now at 5.7 percent, it is widely expected to edge toward 7 percent by the end of next year. But statistics alone can’t fully capture a complex reality. The unemployment rate has been held down by slow growth in the labor force—the number of people working or looking for work—since few people sense attractive job opportunities in a weak economy. In addition, many more people are losing their jobs than are actually ending up unemployed. Faced with hungry mouths to feed, thousands of women, for example, are taking two or more part-time positions or agreeing to shave the hours they work in service-sector jobs. For better and for worse, work in America clearly isn’t what it used to be. Now unemployment isn’t, either.
Like sour old wine in new bottles, this downturn blends a little of the old and the new reflecting a decade’s worth of change in the dynamic U. S. economy. Yet, in many respects the decline is following the classic pattern, with new layoffs concentrated among blue-collar workers in the most “cyclical” industries, whose ups and downs track the economy most closely.
As the downturn attracts attention on workers’ ill fortunes, some analysts predict that political upheaval may lie ahead. Real wages for the average U. S. worker peaked in 1973 and have been falling almost ever since. As a result, a growing group of downwardly mobile Americans could soon begin pressing policymakers to help produce better-paying jobs. Just how loud the outcry becomes will depend partly on the course of the recession. But in the long run, there’s little doubt that the bleak outlook for jobs and joblessness is “politically, socially and psychologically dynamite”.
31. Why does the author refer to Coolidge’s maxim as silly?
A. More and more people are applying for unemployment insurance.
B. Unemployment rate is not likely to rise quickly nowadays.
C. Losing jobs doesn’t necessarily lead to unemployment.
D. Today’s labor market is much too complicated than Coolidge’s time.
32. According to the passage, the unemployment rate has been kept under limits because _____.
A. the number of the people in the work force slowly increases
B. very few people really lose their original jobs
C. less and less people are out finding new jobs
D. the government has taken strong measures to control the unemployment rate
33. According to the passage, under the great pressure of life, many women _____.
A. will do a part-time job along with the full-time job
B. would rather stay at home than apply for a part-time position
C. would be fired if they cannot finish the job quickly
D. will agree to have their working hours shortened if required
34. The present downturn is similar to traditional ones in that _____.
A. we can never predict which way the economy will head
B. the economic prospects have been unfavorable for 10 years
C. the government has done relatively little to intervene the market
D. physical laborers are the chief victims of the economic decline
35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Blue-collar workers are given less and less wages in recent years.
B. The unemployment problem may lead to serious social problems.
C. The unemployment problem will probably become less serious in no time.
D. The government will create more jobs with better pay in the near future.【答案与解析】
31. D 由文章第一段第三句“But in today’s vast...what they seem.”可知，在当今社会造成失业人口增加的原因是复杂的。由此段最后一句话可知，旧形式的失业已经不再是没有工作的原因，而是新的工作工资太少而造成的。Coolidge的理论是越来越多的人下岗是由于失业导致的。这种理论已经不再适用于当今社会，因此是可笑的。D选项正是此意。A，B，C选项无关。
32. A 由文章第二段第五句“The unemployment rate...a weak economy.”可知失业率保持在一个较低的水平是由于人力资源的缓慢增加而导致的。工作的人数的增加少，相对失业的人也较少。A选项正是此意。B，C，D选项无关。
33. A 由文章第二段倒数第二句“...thousands of women...work in service-sector jobs”可知现在的女性会做两份或两份以上的兼职来生存下去。所以，在正常工作之余她们还要去做更多的工作。A选项正是此意。B，C，D选项无关。
34. D 由文章第三段最后一句话“Yet, in many respects...track the economy most closely”可知新形式的失业在某些方面也同旧形式的失业类似，新产生的下岗工人多数都是蓝领工人，因为这些行业与经济运行的好坏最相关。D选项正是此意。A，B，C选项无关。
35. B 由本文最后一段最后一句话“But in the long run...psychologically dynamite”可知从长期来看，这种失业现象必然会导致政治上，经济上和心理上的危险。因此可推测失业问题最终会导致严重的社会问题。B选项正是此意。A，C，D选项无关。Passage Two
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Hormones in the Body
Up to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas.
Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred starting to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormone, meaning “to excite” or “to set in motion.” A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere.
As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.
Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.
In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.
Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.
36. To be considered a hormone, a chemical produced in the body must _____.
A. be part of the digestive process
B. influence the operations of the nervous system
C. affect processes in a different part of the body
D. regulate attitudes and behavior
37. The glands and organs mentioned in paragraph 3 are categorized according to _____.
A. whether scientists understand their function
B. how frequently they release hormones into the body
C. whether the hormones they secrete influence the aging process
D. whether they secrete chemicals into the blood
38. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
A. Most moods and actions are not voluntary because they are actually produced by the production of hormones in the body.
B. Because the effects of hormones are difficult to measure, scientists remain unsure how far-reaching their effects on moods and actions are.
C. When the body is not producing enough hormones, urgent treatment may be necessary to avoid psychological damage.
D. The influence of many hormones is not easy to measure, but they can affect both people’s psychology and actions extensively.
39. Which patients are usually treated with growth hormone?
A. Adults of smaller statue than normal.
B. Adults with strong digestive systems.
C. Children who are not at risk from the treatment.
D. Children who may remain abnormally small.
40. Which of the following sentences explains the primary goal of hormone replacement therapy?
A. The quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.
B. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age.
C. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form.
D. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it.【答案与解析】
36. C 由文章第二段最后一句话“A hormone...things happen elsewhere.”可知荷尔蒙是由一处组织产生而作用于另一处组织的化学组织。因此，C选项正是此意，它会对身体的另一个部分产生影响。A，B，D选项文中均未提及。
37. D 此题可用排除法。答案应定位在第三段。A选项中提到的“scientists”“function”在第三段中都从未出现过，所以为无关选项，排除。B选项中提到“frequently”，而分泌荷尔蒙的频率在此段中也未提到，排除。C选项中的“aging process”在此段中也没有出现，排除。因此，此题应选D选项。
38. D 原文高亮处的意思是“最普遍的荷尔蒙的影响力是不显著的，但是却很深远而且难以追踪：他们可以改变情绪，影响人类的行为，甚至会影响通常看来是自发的那些行为”。A选项将句意的重点放在了情绪和行为上，但文中的句子的重点则是荷尔蒙及其作用，因此A选项错误。B选项中提到的科学家现在还不肯定荷尔蒙的影响的深远程度属于无关信息。C选项中的“urgent treatment”属于无关信息。D选项的意思是“荷尔蒙的影响难以衡量，但是它们可以影响人类的心理和行动”，正确。
39. D 由文章最后一段第二句“Because of...stature without it”可知成长荷尔蒙疗法必须限制在幼小的儿童身上。D选项正是此意。A，B，C选项均为无关选项。
40. A A选项为文章第四段最后一句话，它清楚地表明了科学家研究荷尔蒙是为了减轻由于衰老带来的各种疾病。B，C，D选项均未说明科学家研究荷尔蒙重置疗法的目的，为无关选项。Passage Three
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary” and “individual theorists” were in reality connected to a movement—utopian socialism—which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that cachinnated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.
The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two accounts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians’ appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.
Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a
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