作者：Kermode, Francis
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Catalogue of British Columbia Birds试读：
PREFACE.
The present list is intended to include all birds which have been so far proven to occur in British Columbia.
I am fully aware of its incompleteness, and very much regret much of its lack of more definite information regarding the distribution of certain species, and with regard to that portion of the Province in north and northeastern interior, which, I have no doubt, is a valuable field for work.
Since the publication of the list of British Columbia birds in 1898 by the late John Fannin, which contained 339 species and sub-species, and with the information to hand, enables me to add to this 24.
I wish to extend my thanks especially to the following constant observers for more or less extended local lists, notes and specimens:—A. C. Brooks, Chilliwhack, Okanagan and Cariboo; Rev. J. H. Keen, Queen Charlotte Islands and Metlakatla; Thos. Kermode, William Head Quarantine Station; E. P. Venables, Yernon; Chas. de Blois Green, Fairview and Keremeos.
I have also obtained valuable information from the check-list published by the late John Fannin.
FRANCIS KERMODE, Curator Provincial Museum.Victoria, B. C., August, 1904.Order PYGOPODES. Diving birds.Family PODICIPEDIDĆ. Grebes.
ĆCHMOPHORUS Coues.
1. Western Grebe.
Ćchmophorus occidentalis (Lawr.).
A common winter resident along the coast of Vancouver Island andMainland. Mr. Brooks says a few remain all winter at Okanagan Lake.
COLYMBUS Linnćus.
2. American Red-necked Grebe. "Holboell's Grebe."
Colymbus holboelli (Reinh.).
A common winter resident along the coast of Vancouver Island andMainland. Winter resident on Okanagan Lake. (Brooks.) Not common atMetlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.) Breeds on many of the lakes along theCariboo Road above Clinton. (Fannin.)
3. Horned Grebe.
Colymbus auritus (Linn.).
A common winter resident on the coast, and very common in the straitsnear Victoria, in April. Brooks reports it at Okanagan Lake all winter.Breeds on the lakes from Okanagan to Dense Lake. (Fannin.) Rare atMetlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)
4. American Eared Grebe.
Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Heerm.).
Taken at Kamloops, June, 1889. (Spreadborough.) Found breeding on lakes at Kamloops; Catalogue of Canadian Birds. (Macoun.)
PODILYMBUS Lesson.
5. Pied-billed Grebe.
Podilymbus podiceps (Linn.).
Common resident on Vancouver Island; it breeds on lakes close to Victoria. Common resident on Island and Mainland; breeds throughout its range. (Fannin.)
Family GAVIIDĆ Loons.
GAVIA Forster.
6. Great Northern Diver. Loon.
Gavia imber (Gunn.).
Common resident throughout the Province; breeds on Vancouver Island and Mainland.
7. Black-throated Loon.
Gavia arcticus (Linn.).
Taken at Burrard Inlet (Fannin), and at Dease Lake, Cassiar, byJames Porter.
8. Pacific Loon.
Gavia pacificus (Lawr.).
Not common; one specimen taken at Comox by W. B. Anderson, and atChilliwhack by Brooks; Victoria, May 13th, 1904, by Fred. Foster.
9. Red-throated Loon.
Gavia lumme (Gunn.).
I found this species quite common on Barkley Sound, V. I., April 19th, 1894, and fairly common near Esquimalt. Mr. Brooks reports it at Chilliwhack.
Family ALCIDĆ. Auks, Murres and Puffins.
LUNDA Pallas.
10. Tufted Puffin.
Lunda cirrhata (Pall.).
Common along the coast of Vancouver Island, Queen Charlotte Islands and Mainland; breeds on Bare Island, near Sidney, B. C.
FRATERCULA Brisson.
11. Horned Puffin.
Fratercula corniculata (Naum.).
Rare at Massett, Queen Charlotte Islands. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)
CERORHINCA Bonaparte.
12. Rhinoceros Auklet.
Cerorhinca monocerata (Pall.).
Coasts of Vancouver Island and Mainland. Breeds on islands in Gulf ofGeorgia.
PTYCHORAMPHUS Brandt.
13. Cassin's Auklet.
Ptychorampus aleuticus (Pall.).
The entire coast line of the Province and West Coast of VancouverIsland. (Fannin.) This species was seen in the Gulf ofGeorgia, between Salt Spring Island and Nanaimo, May 7th, 1887.(Macoun.)
SYNTHLIBORAMPUS Brandt.
14. Ancient Murrelet.
Synthliborampus antiquus (Gmel.).
Not common. West Coast of Vancouver Island and taken in the Straits, near Victoria. Rev. J. H. Keen reports it rare on Queen Charlotte Islands.
BRACHYRAMPHUS Brandt.
15. Marbled Murrelet.
Brachyramphus marmoratus (Gmel.).
An abundant resident along the coast of British Columbia; have taken it at Skidegate, Queen Charlotte Islands, in August, 1895. Rare at Metlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.) Breeds on Vancouver Island, and on some of the smaller islands in the Gulf of Georgia, and along many of the inlets of the Mainland. (Fannin.)
CEPPHUS Pallas.
16. Pigeon Guillemot.
Cepphus columba (Pall.).
An abundant resident along the coast from Race Rocks to Alaska, and quite common in Skidegate Inlet, Q. C. I., August, 1895. Breeds throughout its range.
URIA Brisson.
17. California Murre, Guillemot.
Uria troile californica (Bryant).
A resident along the coast of Vancouver Island and Mainland. Breeds onWest Coast of Vancouver Island.
Order LONGIPENNES. Long-winged Swimmers.
Family STERCORARIIDĆ. Skuas and Jaegers.
STERCORARIUS Brisson.
18. Pomarine Jaeger.
Stercorarius pomariuus (Temm.).
One specimen taken near Victoria, October 22nd, 1898.
19. Parasitic Jaeger.
Stercorarius parasiticus (Linn.).
One specimen taken at Victoria by Wm. L. Gilchrist, November, 1897. Another specimen was taken at Comox by A. C. Brooks, September 12th, 1903.
20. Long-tailed Jaeger.
Stercorarius longicaudus (Vieill.).
Once shot and several times seen at Sumas Lake, September, 1890. (Brooks).
Family LARIDĆ. The Gulls and Terns.
PAGOPHILA Kaup.
21. Ivory Gull. Snow Gull.
Pagophila alba (Gunn.).
One specimen shot at Dease Lake, Cassiar, by James Porter, September, 1889. Another specimen was shot at Okanagan Lake in November, 1897, by Mr. J. T. Studley, and presented to the Museum. Mr. A. C. Brooks also reports it from Okanagan.
RISSA Stephens.
22. Pacific Kittiwake.
Rissa tridactyla pollicaris (Ridgw.).
Taken near Discovery Island, January, 1896, by W. Lindley, and atQueen Charlotte Islands by Dr. C. F. Newcombe, September, 1895.
LARUS Linnćus.
23. Glaucous-winged Gull.
Larus glaucesceus (Naum.).
An abundant resident on the coast; breeds on some of the islands in the Gulf of Georgia. Mr. Brooks reports it from Okanagan Lake.
24. Western Gull.
Larus occidentalis (Aud.).
An abundant resident on the coast during the winter months. Taken at Chilliwhack. (A. C. Brooks.) Breeds in Similkameen Valley. (Fannin.)
25. American Herring Gull.
Larus argentatus smithsonianus (Coues.).
An abundant resident on the coast. It breeds on the coast and in the interior of Mainland. Common at Metlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.) Chilliwhack and Okanagan. (Brooks.)
26. California Gull.
Larus californicus (Lawr.).
A common winter resident on the coast. Common in the Lower FraserValley and on the Okanagan Lake in winter. (Brooks.)
27. Ring-billed Gull.
Larus delawarensis (Ord.).
Common along the coast of Vancouver Island and Mainland. Common in winter at Okanagan Lake and Chilliwhack. (Brooks.) Breeds in the Interior, especially to the northward. (Fannin.)
28. Short-billed Gull.
Larus brachyrhynchus (Rich.).
Common winter resident along the coast of Vancouver Island andMainland. Common in Lower Fraser Valley. (Brooks.) During theearly part of May, 1891, I saw quite a number on the lakes of theCariboo District, where it probably breeds. (Fannin.)
29. Heermann's Gull. White-headed Gull.
Larus heermanni (Cass.).
Common along the southern coast of Vancouver Island during July andAugust. Taken at William Head in full plumage, June 28th, 1904, byThos. Kermode.
30. Bonaparte's Gull.
Larus philadelphia (Ord.).
An abundant resident throughout the Province, and found in great numbers about the inlets and rivers in March and April; it breeds in the interior of the Province. I have also seen it on the coast in June and July.
XEMA Leach.
31. Sabine's Gull.
Xema sabinii (Sab.).
Taken at Okanagan Lake, September 9th, 1897. (Brooks.)
STERNA Linnćus.
32. Common Tern.
Sterna hirundo (Linn.).
One specimen shot at Cowichan Gap by R. D. McClure, September 15th, 1896, and presented to the Museum.
33. Arctic Tern.
Sterna paradisća (Brunn.).
From Dease Lake south, through the interior of the Mainland to Okanagan Lake. Two specimens—one taken at Dease Lake by James Porter, and another shot at Okanagan Lake by A. C. Brooks, September, 1807.
HYDROCHELIDON Boie.
34. Black Tern.
Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis (Gmel.).
Not common. I observed it at Okanagan, June, 1895. Taken at Sumas and Okanagan Lake by A. C. Brooks, Burrard Inlet, Eraser River and interior of Mainland. (Fannin.)
Order TUBINARES. Tube-nosed Swimmers.
Family DIOMEDEIDĆ. Albatrosses.
DIOMEDEA Linnćus.
35. Black-footed Albatross.
Diomedea nigripes (Aud.).
West Coast of Vancouver Island. (Fannin.) Rare at QueenCharlotte Islands. (Rev. J. H. Keen.) One specimen taken nearNanaimo, June 3th, 1904.
36. Short-tailed Albatross.
Diomedea albatrus (Pall.)
In April, 1894, I found this species quite common in the PacificOcean, near Cape Beale.
Tolerably common on both coasts of Vancouver Island, but more abundant on the West Coast; a few have been taken in the straits off Victoria Harbour. (Fannin.)
Family PROCELLARIIDĆ. Fulmars & Shearwaters.
FULMARUS Stephens.
37. Pacific Fulmar.
Fulmarus glacialis glupischa (Stejn.).
One specimen taken at Chemainus, Vancouver Island, November, 1895. (Fannin.)
PUFFINUS Brisson.
38. Black-vented Shearwater.
Puffinus opisthomelas (Coues).
Not common; four specimens taken off Albert Head, October 24th, 1891.
39. Dark-bodied Shearwater.
Puffinus griseus (Gmel.).
During the fall of 1895 Dr. C. F. Newcombe found this species common on the West Coast of Queen Charlotte Islands. Since then one was picked up dead on the beach near Victoria.
40. Slender-billed Shearwater.
Puffinus tenuirostris (Temm.).
Not common; one specimen shot at William Head and presented to theMuseum by T. Kermode, February 23rd, 1904.
OCEANODROMA Reichenbach.
41. Gray Fork-tailed Petrel.
Oceanodroma furcata (Gmel.).
Found along both coasts of Vancouver Island, but more common on thePacific Coast; a few have been taken in the Straits near Victoria.Very rare at Metlakatla; one picked up exhausted.(Rev. J. H. Keen.)
42. Leach's Fork-tailed Petrel. White-rumped Petrel.
Oceanodroma leucorrhoa (Vieill.) Coues.
West Coast of Vancouver Island. Four specimens taken in Hecate Strait,July, 1904. One specimen found dead on beach off Beacon Hill,Victoria, November, 1893.
Order STEGANOPODES. Totipalmate Swimmers.
Family PHALACROCORACIDĆ. Cormorants.
PHALACROCORAX Brisson.
43. White-crested Cormorant.
Phalacrocorax dilophus cincinnatus (Brandt).
Common on both coasts of Vancouver Island and coast of Mainland, fromRace Rocks to Alaska.
44. Brandt's Cormorant. Pencilled Cormorant.
Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Brandt).
Two specimens were killed in the Straits, near Victoria, by D. E. Campbell, April 19th, 1897. Later in the month another specimen was found on the beach at Beacon Hill.
45. Violet-green Cormorant.
Phalacrocorax pelagicus robustus (Ridgw.).
This is the most abundant Cormorant in the Province, and is foundalong both coasts of the Island, and has been taken as far north asPort Simpson. Breeds on islands close to Sidney Island. Common atMetlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)
Family PELECANIDĆ. Pelicans.
PELECANUS Linnćus.
46. American White Pelican.
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos (Gmel.).
Not common. Four specimens taken—Sicamous, October, 1890; Alexandria Bridge, September, 1895; Tranquille, August, 1897; Comox, September 8th, 1900. Mr. Brooks reports it from Chilliwhack and Okanagan. Said to breed in the Chilcotin country. (Fannin.)
47. California Brown Pelican.
Pelecanus californicus (Ridgw.).
Not common. One specimen in the Museum killed at Race Rocks, January, 1897. Seen at Sumas Lake. (Brooks.)
Order ANSERES. Lamellirostral Swimmers.
Family ANATIDĆ. Mergansers, Ducks, Geese and Swans.
MERGANSER Brisson.
48. American Merganser.
Merganser americanus (Cass.).
Found throughout the Province, have taken it on West Coast ofVancouver Island in May; also on Queen Charlotte Islands in July,1895, I took four young birds. Brooks reports it found on OkanaganLake all winter.
49. Red-breasted Merganser.
Menganser serrator (Linn.).
Found distributed throughout the Province. I saw them at Sumas LakeMay 17th, 1904. Rev. J. H. Keen says common at Metlakahtla,Chilliwhack and Okanagan. (Brooks.)
LOPHODYTES Reichenbach.
50. Hooded Merganser.
Lophodytes cucullatus (Linn.).
This species is common throughout the Province and on the PacificCoast. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.
ANAS Linnćus.
51. Mallard.
Anas boschas (Linn.).
An abundant resident throughout the Province; breeds in suitable localities throughout its range.
CHAULELASMUS Bonaparte.
52. Gadwall. Gray Duck.
Chaulelasmus strepera (Linn.).
Not common; a few have been taken near Victoria. Mr. Brooks reports it from Chilliwhack and Okanagan.
MARECA Stephens.
53. European Widgeon.
Mareca penelope (Linn.).
Rare. Two specimens, one taken near Victoria February 9th, 1899, and another near Saanich.
54. American Widgeon. Baldpate.
Mareca americana (Gmel.).
A common winter resident on the coast. Brooks reports it fromChilliwhack and Okanagan. Breeds on lakes on Cariboo Road aboveClinton. (Fannin.)
NETTION Kaup.
55. Green-winged Teal.
Nettion carolinensis (Gmel.).
An abundant resident, Breeds in the interior of the Mainland. Common on the coast throughout the winter. Rare on Queen Charlotte Islands. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)
QUERQUEDULA Stephens.
56. Blue-winged Teal.
Querquedula discors (Linn.).
Not common on the coast; a few are taken every year. Taken atChilliwhack. (Brooks.)
57. Cinnamon Teal.
Querquedula cyanoptera (Vieill.).
A summer visitor in the interior of the Province. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.
SPATULA Boie.
58. Shoveller. Spoon-bill.
Spatula clypeata (Linn.).
A common resident on the Mainland, rarely met with on VancouverIsland. Brooks says common resident in Lower Fraser Valley aboutSumas Lake, has also taken it on Okanagan.
DAFILA Stephens.
59. Pintail. Sprigtail.
Dafila acuta (Linn.).
An abundant winter resident on the coast. Breeds in the interior of the Mainland.
AIX Boie.
60. Wood Duck.
Aix spona (Linn.).
Not common. A summer resident on Island and Mainland. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.
AYTHYA Boie.
61. Red-head. Pochard.
Aythya americana (Eyt.).
A winter resident on the coast, but nowhere common; a few are taken every season. Fannin found it breeding on the lakes along the Cariboo Road.
62. Canvas-back Duck.
Aythya vallisneria (Wils.).
A winter resident on the coast. Brooks has taken it on Okanagan Lake. I found them in pairs on the lakes near 108-Mile House, Cariboo Road, in April and May, 1891, where I was told they breed. (Fannin).
63. American Scaup Duck. Blue-bill.
Aythya marila (Linn.).
An abundant winter resident on the coast. Breeds in the interior ofMainland.
64. Lesser Scaup Duck.
Aythya affinis (Eyt.).
Not common on the coast. Fannin has taken it in May near Ashcroft, andBrooks has seen it all winter at Okanagan.
65. Ring-necked Duck.
Aythya collaris (Donov.).
Not common. A few have been taken on Vancouver Island. Mr. Brooks says common in Lower Fraser Valley, and is found all winter on Okanagan Lake.
CLANGULA Leach.
66. American Golden-eye. Whistler.
Clangula clangula americana (Faxon.)
A common winter resident on the coast. Fannin says breeds in interior.Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.
67. Barrow's Golden-eye.
Clangula islandica (Gmel.).
Not common. It winters on the coast; a few have been taken on Vancouver Island. Brooks has taken it at Okanagan. Fannin found it plentiful on the lakes along the Cariboo Road, May, 1891.
CHARITONETTA Stejneger.
68. Buffle-head. Butter-ball.
Charitonetta albeola (Linn.).
An abundant winter resident on the coast. Breeds in the interior of the Mainland. Common at Metlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)
HARELDA Stephens.
69. Long-tailed Duck. Old Squaw.
Harelda hyemalis (Linn.).
Common; the coasts of Vancouver Island and Mainland. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack. Rev. J. H. Keen reports it common at Metlakatla.
HISTRIONICUS Lesson.
70. Harlequin Duck.
Histrionicus histrionicus (Linn.).
A common resident on the coast. I found it breeding at Bear River, Vancouver Island, May, 1894. Brooks has taken it at Chilliwhack. Rare at Queen Charlotte Islands. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)
OIDEMIA Fleming.
71. American Black Scoter.
Oidemia americana (Swains.).
Not common; has been taken at Victoria and Port Simpson. Fannin saw a small flock on a lake near 108-Mile House, Cariboo Road, 10th May, 1891. Fairly common at Matlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)
72. White-winged Scoter.
Oidemia deglandi (Bonap.).
An abundant resident, and is found on the coast throughout the year. Brooks reports it from Chilliwhack and Okanagan. Rev. J. H. Keen says is common at Metlakatla.
73. Surf Scoter. Sea Coot.
Oidemia perspicillata (Linn.).
Abundant resident along the coasts of Vancouver Island and Mainland.Found at Chilliwhack and Okanagan. (Brooks.) Common atMetlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)
ERISMATURA Bonaparte.
74. Ruddy Duck.
Erismatura jamaicensis (Gmel.).
Not common on the Coast; a few are taken in the winter. Fannin found it breeding in the lakes along the Cariboo Road, May, 1891. Brooks has seen it at Chilliwhack and Okanagan.
CHEN Boie.
75. Lesser Snow Goose.
Chen hyperborea (Pall.).
A winter resident on the Coast. Brooks has seen it at Chilliwhack.During some winters large numbers congregate off the mouth of FraserRiver. (Fannin.)
76. Ross's Snow Goose.
Chen rossii (Cassin.).
This is a rare bird in B. C. One specimen taken at Comox, January, 1894; another was taken at Kuper Island, April, 1895.
ANSER Brisson.
77. American White-fronted Goose.
Anser albifrons gambeli (Hartl.).
Abundant on the Coast in winter. Breeds both on Island and Mainland. The young have been taken on Cowichan Lake. (Fannin.) Brooks has taken it at Sumas and Okanagan Lakes. Common at Metlakatla. (Rev. J. H. Keen.)
BRANTA Scopoli.
78. Canada Goose.
Branta canadensis (Linn.).
An abundant winter resident on the Coast. Breeds in the interior of the Mainland; the eggs have been taken at Penticton by C. DeBlois Green.
79. Hutchin's Goose.
Branta canadensis hutchinsii (Rich.).
Abundant in the spring and fall migrations, and winters on the Coast.
80. White-cheeked Goose.
Branta canadensis occidentalis (Baird).
Taken at Chilliwhack by A. C. Brooks.
81. Cackling Goose.
Branta canadensis minima (Ridgw.).
Winter resident on the Coast; has been taken at Elk Lake, nearVictoria. Brooks reports it from Chilliwhack and Okanagan.
82. Brant.
Branta bernicla glaucogastra (Brehm.).
Two specimens shot at Comox by A. C. Brooks, January 10th, 1904.
83. Black Brant.
Branta nigricans (Lawr.).
An abundant winter resident on the Coast. In April, 1894. I saw them in great numbers off Barkley Sound migrating north.
PHILACTE.
84. Emperor Goose.
Philacate canagica (Sevast.).
One specimen shot at Chemainus, December, 1894.
OLOR Wagler.
85. Whistling Swan.
Olor columbianus (Ord.).
A winter resident on Vancouver Island and southern Mainland. Mr.Brooks records it from Chilliwhack and Okanagan.
86. Trumpeter Swan.
Olor buccinator (Rich.).
I have only seen this bird at Deaso Lake, Cassiar. (Fannin.)Mr. Brooks has found it at Sumas and Okanagan.
Order HERODIONES. Herons, Ibises, etc.
Family IBIDIDĆ. Ibises.
PLEGADIS Kaup.
87. White-faced Glossy Ibis.
Plegadis guarauna (Linn.).
Only two specimens known to be taken in the Province, one on SaltSpring Island, the other at mouth of Fraser River. Check List ofB. C. Birds, 1891. (Fannin.)
Family ARDEIDĆ. Herons and Bitterns.
BOTAURUS Hermann.
88. American Bittern.
Botaurus lentiginosus (Montag.).
Common throughout the greater portion of the Province. Breeds both east and west of Cascades.
ARDEA Linnćus.
89. Great Blue Heron.
Ardea herodias (Linn.).
A common resident on the coast, and is quite common at Sumas Lake andOkanagan. Breeds throughout its range.
90. Northwest Coast Heron.
Ardea herodias fannini (Chapman).
In August, 1895, I found this form, now named after the late JohnFannin by Frank M. Chapman, quite common at Skidegate, Queen CharlotteIslands.
EGRETTA Forester.
91. Snowy Heron.
Egretta candidissima (Gmel.).
Rare in British Columbia. Two specimens collected at Burrard Inlet,May, 1879. (Fannin.) One specimen is in the Museum.
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