作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
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全国自考《英语写作基础》历年真题及详解试读：
2015年10月全国自考《英语写作基础》真题及详解
课程代码：00597I.重写句子(15 points, 1.5 points each)
Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the requirement in brackets.
Example: The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many ways.(periodic sentence)
In many ways, the history of English words is the history of our civilization.
1. The white blanket of snow hid the paths. It also changed the shapes of the trees and bushes. (simple sentence)【答案】The white blanket of snow hid the paths and changed the shapes of the trees and bushes.【解析】简单句通常只含有一个主语和一个谓语，但是主语、谓语动词以及宾语成分可以有多个并列起来。该句共用一个主语the white blanket，谓语动词和宾语有两个，由and连接。
2.For many people, summer is the most enjoyable season. (loose construction)【答案】Summer is the most enjoyable season for many people.【解析】松散句是将重要信息置于句首，后面再接次要信息。for many people只是一个介词短语，主句为summer is the most enjoyable season，应将主句置于句首。
3.She wanted to be a well-informed shopper. She began to do research a week before.(complex sentence)【答案】She wanted to be a well-informed shopper, so she began to do research a week before.【解析】复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为全句的主体，通常可以单独存在，而从句只能作为句子成分，不能独立。两句为因果关系，因此可用so引导第二句，作结果状语从句。
4.The company has been in its present location since the beginning of last century.(periodic sentence)【答案】Since the beginning of last century, the company has been in its present location.【解析】圆周句是将句子的中心放在句子的最后，并且直到最后一个词时句子才完整。该句中since the beginning of last century为句子的时间状语，主句为the company has been in its present location，应将时间状语提前，中间用逗号隔开。
5.You need to know a lot about the computer and the Internet to run an online shop successfully.(sentence with to opener)【答案】To run an online shop successfully, you need to know a lot about the computer and the Internet.【解析】题目要求用不定式作为句子的开头。该句中to run an online shop successfully为不定式结构表示目的，应将不定式结构置于句首强调目的。
6.We can cut the firewood this afternoon after school. We can also wait and cut it on Saturday morning.(compound sentence)【答案】We can cut the firewood this afternoon after schoolor we can wait and cut it on Saturday morning.【解析】并列句是两个或两个以上的简单句由并列连词连接起来的句子。因为题目中两个简单句是并列关系，因此用or连接。
7.It takes courage to succeed. It takes foresight to succeed. It takes luck as well to succeed.(sentence with parallel structure)【答案】It takes courage, foresight and luck to succeed.【解析】平行结构指的是相同的语法结构，它要求有同等重要的思想、概念，并列的句子成分要用同类的语法形式来表达，用并列连词连接。该句中courage, foresight和luck共用一个谓语动词take，它们属于名词平行结构，最后两个名词之间用and连接。
8.My father grew up during a difficult time. It is called the Great Depression. It started in 1929. My father was ten years old then.(long sentence)【答案】My father grew up during a difficult time called the Great Depression, which started in 1929 when my father was ten years old then.【解析】长句中除了有主谓宾等成分外，还有定状补成分，起到修饰、补充和说明等作用。called the Great Depression为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a difficult time；which引导非限制性定语从句修饰the Great Depression。
9.He lacked the necessary qualifications. He was not considered for the job. (sentence with a modifying phrase)【答案】Lacking the necessary qualifications, he was not considered for the job.【解析】本题要求将原句改为带有修饰性短语的句子。lacking the necessary qualifications为现在分词短语，作原因状语来修饰he。
10.The president took the stage. Everybody stopped speaking. The ticking clock was all that could be heard.(compound-complex sentence)【答案】When the president took the stage, everybody stopped speaking and the ticking clock was all that could be heard.【解析】并列复合句中既含有并列结构也含有从句结构。该句中when引导时间状语从句，而并列连词and连接主句中的两个分句。
II. 修改句子（15points, 3 points each）
Correct the errors in the following sentences.
Example: After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television. I resolved never to buy that brand again.
After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television, I resolved never to buy that brand again.
11.The moon hid behind a cloud, all the world turned dark.【答案】The moon hid behind a cloud and all the world turned dark.【解析】两个简单句之间不能仅仅用逗号隔开，需用并列连词and将其连接起来。
12.Rushing to class, the book fell out of my bag.【答案】When I was rushing to class, the book fell out of my bag.【解析】当现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与主句中的主语保持一致。该句中rushing to class的主语为I，而主句中的主语为the book，因此不能使用现在分词作状语，这里可以使用when引导时间状语从句。
13.You will be making less of a financial commitment by leasing a car than to own it.【答案】You will be making less of a financial commitment by leasing a car than by owning it.【解析】than连接比较对象，要求两者语法结构相同。因此than后面应改为by引导的介词短语。
14.After sitting for two hours in his office, the doctor finally called me into the examining room.【答案】After my sitting for two hours in his office, the doctor finally called me into the examining room.【解析】本题中动名词的主语和主句中的主语也不一致，因此可以添加一个物主代词my来表明主语。
15.The wildlife specialist said that most bears are dangerous on television.【答案】The wildlife specialist said on television that most bears are dangerous.【解析】本题的on television修饰的对象错误，不是专家说大多数熊在电视里比较危险，而是专家在电视上说大多数熊都很危险。故on television应放在said之后。
III辨认主题句（15 points, 5 points each)
16.Choose the best topic sentence from the four options below. Write the corresponding letter of your choice in the blank provided.
A. Petroleum, a liquid fossil fuel, comes from decayed plants and animals.
B.Fossil fuels come from the earth and are among the most common types of energy used by man.
C. Coal comes from trees that died millions of years ago, decayed, and then hardened into black rock.
D. Natural gas is formed like petroleum, but the decayed plants and animals have been changed into different kinds of gases.
Your choice: _____【答案】D【解析】主题句通常不仅仅是一个基于事实的描述，而是表达一个可辩论、待展开的观点。A，B，C三项均是对某种东西的描述，而D项可以展开叙述不同种类的气体，故D项为主题句。
17.Read the following paragraph and find the topic sentence in the paragraph and write it on the Answer Sheet.
Now let’s talk about how the human mind works. Think about the last movie you saw, for example. If you are like most people, you can probably remember exactly how it began and exactly how it ended. You know what happened in the middle, of course, but those details aren’tas clear as the details of the beginning and the end. This is just the nature of the learning process. Simply because of the way the human mind works, people tend to remember most what comes first and what come last. Reading works the same way. If you break up a reading task into several sections, there are more starting and stopping points—more beginnings and endings to remember. There will be less material in the middle to be forgotten.【答案】Now let’s talk about how human mind works.【解析】这句话明确告诉了读者接下来要讲的内容是how the human mind works，以下就是他对于主题的解释说明。故第一句话为主题句。
18.Read the following paragraph and choose the best topic sentence from the four options that follow. Write the corresponding letter of your choice in the blank provided.
Childcare centers may assist children in their early development. They give children an opportunity to mix with other children and to develop social skills at an early age. Parents and children need to spend some time apart. Children become less dependent on their parents and parents themselves are less stressed and more effective care-givers when there are periods of separation. Parents who cannot go to work because they do not have access to childcare facilities cannot contribute to the national economy. They are not able to utilize their productive skills and do not pay income tax.
A. Childcare centers may help children become more independent.
B. Some children do not have the opportunity to develop their social skills.
C. Childcare services are important to both individual families and the nation.
D. The government should provide more assistance to parents who use childcare.
Your choice: _____【答案】C【解析】根据选段内容可知，该段前面一部分讲的是儿童保育中心（childcare center）对于孩子和家长的好处，而最后两句话则讲的是儿童保育中心对于国家的贡献，因此主题句应该涵盖这两点，故C项正确。
IV.重新组合段落（5 points, 1 point each)
19.Rearrange the following sentences so that they read logically. Put the corresponding letters in a proper sequence in the boxes provided below. The positions of some sentences have been given.
A. In 1896, Isabella celebrated her sixty-fourth birthday, and that same year she crossed northwest China hoping to reach Tibet.
B. Only when tribal warfare broke out, however, and the bridges were torn downdid she turn around.
C. During the nineteenth century, a number of fearless woman distances from their homes.
D. Isabella Bird, for example, a British clergyman’s daughter, began traveling and writing when she was in her forties.
E. They visited places far away from their native countries.
F. The book was published in 1838; however, its title, Peregrinations of Pariah, meaning “travels of an outcast,” suggest that not everyone admired its courageous author.
G While she was traveling, even though her guides collapsed with fever, and then her rice supply grew dangerously low, she didn’t give up.
H. Like Isabella Bird, Flora Tristan, a native of France, proved her adventurous spirit adventurous spirit when she sailed from France to Peru, her to write a book. AGH【答案】C-E-D-A-G-B-H-F【解析】C句引出了该段描述的主要人物以及事情，也就是说在19世纪时，很多无所畏惧的女性远离了她们的家，E句中这些女性远离家，游玩于世界各地。D句举出了一个例子，就是伊莎贝拉·贝德，她是一位英国牧师的女儿，在她40岁时开始旅行和写作。A句中继续描述在1896年伊莎贝拉庆祝她64岁的生日，并在同年她横跨中国西北部希望达到西藏，G句讲到在她的旅行过程中，尽管她的导游们都发烧，身体垮掉了，而且米饭供应也逐渐降低，但是她仍然没有放弃。B句表示转折，但是当部落间的战争爆发时，桥都断了，因此她不得不返回。H句中又提到了另外一个人弗洛拉·蒂斯坦，她是一个法国人，在她从法国航行去秘鲁的过程中她证明了自己的冒险精神，于是她写了一本书。最后一句F句中提到了这本书在1838年出版，标题为“Peregrinations of Pariah”，意思为一个弃儿的旅行，这个题目说明并不是所有人都很佩服其勇气可嘉的作者。
V.划掉与段落内容无关的句子（10 points, 5 points each)
20.Read the following paragraph and cross out TWO irrelevant sentences and write them on the Answer Sheet.
Nutritionists recommend the food pyramid for a simple guide to eating the proper foods. Pyramid is a system with a small number of items at the top and a much larger number of items at the bottom. At the base of the food pyramid are grains and fiber. You should eat six to eleven servings of bread, cereal, and rice every day. Next up the pyramid are vegetables and fruit; five to nine daily servings are recommended. The next pyramid level is the dairy group. Two to three servings a day of milk, yogurt, or cheese help maintain good nutrition. To make fresh milk cheese at home is the simplest of processes. Moving up the pyramid, the next level is the meat, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts group, of which only two to three servings a day are enough. At the very top of the pyramid are fats, oils, and sweets; these foods should be eaten only infrequently.【答案】
①Pyramid is a system with a small number of items at the top and a much larger number of items at the bottom.
②To make a fresh milk cheese at home is the simplest of processes.【解析】全段都在描述食物金字塔每一阶段应该吃的食物，而以上两句则是无关紧要，与主题无关的句子。
VI.写信(40 points)
21.You are chairperson of the Students’ Union of Yuming College. Write a letter to invite Mr. Smith, professor of sociology, to deliver a speech at a prize-awarding meeting at your college. In the letter, tell him
① the purpose of the meeting,
② the importance of his presence and speech, and
③ the time and place of the meeting.
Don’t forget to tell him your phone number (555-5555) and your email name address (liping@123.com). Please sign your name as Li Ping. (150-200 words)【参考范文】
Dear Mr. Smith,
I am the chairperson of the Students’ Union of Yuming College. I would like to invite you to be our guest speaker to deliver a speech at a prize-awarding meeting in our college.
As you know, our school attaches great importance to the research of sociology, and students in our school have indeed made some achievement in that field. Since you are a specialist in sociology and have made lots of researches in the field, we truly expect a speech from you. We wish we can know more about sociology from your insightful views. We also hope that your wonderful speech can draw more students into this interesting field.
The meeting is going to be held at the Students’ Hall at ten o’clock in the morning on May 5th.You will receive further details later, and we would really appreciate it if you accept our invitation. And my phone number is 555-5555 and my email name address is liping@123.com. If there is anything you want to know, please contact me.Sincerely Yours,Li Ping【范文点评】
该书信格式规范，条理清晰，语言流畅。第一段说明了来信目的，第二段表明了邀请教授来讲话的诚意，第三段介绍了相关的会议信息及联系方式。【闪光词汇】
attach importance to重视
specialist专家
expect…from期待从某处得到……
insightful有见地的
2015年4月全国自考《英语写作基础》真题及详解
课程代码：00597I.重写句子（15 points, 1.5 points each)
Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the requirement on the answer sheet.
Example: The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many ways, (periodicsentence)
In many ways, the history of English words is the history of our civilization.
1.John gets up early every day. John does morning exercises in the park.(simple sentence)【答案】John gets up early every day in order to do morning exercises in the park.【解析】题目要求将原句改为简单句。题目中为两个句子，且主语都是John，前后有逻辑关系，“起得早”是为了“做晨练”，因此用in order to将两句连接起来形成一个简单句。
2.I went to call on him as soon as I arrived in the city.(periodic sentence)【答案】As soon as I arrived in the city, I went to call on him.【解析】题目要求将原句改写为尾重句，即主句在最后出现的一种复合句。因此将“I went to call on him”放在后面，“as soon as I arrived in the city”放在前面，形成尾重。
3.The heavy rain started suddenly. We stopped planting trees.(compound sentence)【答案】The heavy rain started suddenly, and we stopped planting trees.【解析】题目要求将原句改写为并列句。题目中是两个句子，且“突然开始下大雨”与“我们停止种树”是承接关系。因此用“and”来连接这两个句子，形成并列。
4.The curtain was closed. The cast congratulated each other for their wonderful performance.(complex sentence)【答案】The cast congratulated each other for their wonderful performance after the curtain was closed.【解析】题目要求将原句改写为复杂句。题目中是两个句子，“台上的幕谢下”之后，“演员们为他们精彩的表演互相道贺”。因此可以用“after”引导时间状语从句，形成复杂句。
5.Frank Water was a strong man. He could not lift the rock. The rock weighed over four hundred pounds.(compound-complex sentence)【答案】Frank Water was a strong man, but he could not lift the rock which weighed over four hundred pounds.【解析】题目要求将原句改写为并列复杂句。题目中有三个句子，第一句和第二句主语一致，且“Frank Water是个强壮的人”与“他搬不动石头”之间是转折关系，第二句中的宾语是第三句的主语。因此可以用but连接第一句和第二句，形成并列，第三句用which引导定语从句修饰第二句中的rock，形成复杂句。
6.The boy rushed out of the laboratory. He was badly frightened by the explosion.(sentence with a modifying phrase)【答案】The boy rushed out of the laboratory, badly frightened by the explosion.【解析】题目要求将原句改写为带有修饰语的句子。题目中是两个句子，且主语表示同一个人，第二句“爆炸使他受到严重惊吓”可以做第一句“他冲出实验室”的伴随状语，省略主语和助动词，用逗号与主句隔开。
7.Scientists are not sure whether our weather is changing from the greenhouse effect. They are not sure whether it is changing from a cycle of nature either.(sentence with parallel structure)
答案：Scientists are not sure whether our weather is changing from the greenhouse effect, or from a cycle of nature either.【解析】题目要求将原句改写为平行结构的句子，即内容相似，结构相同，无先后顺序，无因果关系的并列句。题目中为两个句子，主语都是scientists，两句都是whether引导的宾语从句，因此可以用whether…or连接两个平行的结构，表示“是……还是……”。
8.The mayor called a press conference last week. She wanted to announce new programs for crime prevention and care for the homeless.(sentence with to opener)
答案：To announce new programs for crime prevention and care for the homeless, the mayor called a press conference last week.【解析】题目要求将原句改写为to开头的句子。to开头的句子表示目的，题目中第二句“她想要宣布……”可作为表示目的短语，因此将该句中的主语和谓语去掉，用to开头，表示目的，中间用逗号隔开，后面是主句“the mayor called a press conference last week”。
9.The world appears to be growing smaller. World travel is so common. Many foreign customs have become familiar to us today.(long sentence)
答案：The world appears to be growing smaller and world travel is so common that many foreign customs have become familiar to us today.【解析】题目要求将原句改写为长句。题目中是三个句子，第一句“世界似乎在逐渐变小”和第二句“世界旅行变得很普遍”与第三句“许多外国习俗现在对我们来说很熟悉”之间是因果关系，因此可以用and连接前两句，so…that连接后面两句，形成长句。
10.Betty had worn glasses for fifteen years. She decided to get contact lenses. She would be able to see better. She would look more glamorous.(compound- complex sentence)
答案：Betty had worn glasses for fifteen years and she decided to get contact lenses, with which she would be able to see better and look more glamorous.【解析】题目要求将原句改写为并列复合句。题目中有四个句子，第一二句之间是承接关系，可以用and连接，形成并列；第三四句意思并列，中间可用and连接；“她决定买隐形眼镜”，带上隐形眼镜之后，“她看东西会更清楚，人也看起来更好看”，因此可以用with which的定语从句构成复杂句。
II.修改句子（15points, 3 points each）
Correct the errors in the following sentences.
Example: After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television. I resolved never to buy that brand again.
After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television, I resolved never to buy that brand again.
11.I finished the novel on the train which Mark had given me on my birthday.
答案：I finished the novel on the train, which Mark had given me on my birthday.【解析】原句是which引导的定语从句，修饰the train，不符合句意，which引导的定语从句应该修饰the novel，表示“Mark在生日时送我的那本小说”，因此在which前面加逗号，形成非限制性定语从句。
12.We all hurried home after the picnic, it had started to rain.
答案：We all hurried home after the picnic, as it had started to rain.【解析】原句无连接词，前后不连贯。因此在第二个分句前面加上as，表示原因。
13.Looking out of the window, the magnificent view fascinated me.
答案：Looking out of the window, I was fascinated by the magnificent view.【解析】原句为动词现在分词结构做状语，省略了主语，在使用这个结构时，主句主语应该与这个被省略的主语一致，从句主语是“我”，我看向窗外。因此主句应该用“I”做主语，且为被动语态。
14.The students formed a study group to prepare for the midterm exam. Decided to study together for the rest of the course.
答案：The students formed a study group to prepare for the midterm exam and decided to study together for the rest of the course.【解析】动词过去分词结构不能单独作为句子存在。因此将“Decided to study together for the rest of the course”与第一句用and连接，成为并列句。
15.Many people get up early to jog along country lanes, to listen to the sounds of nature, or just watching the sun come up.
答案：Many people get up early to jog along country lanes, to listen to the sounds of nature, or just to watch the sun come up.【解析】原句用两个逗号隔开的结构都是并列关系，应用平行结构。因此将watching改为与前两个一致的不定式结构to watch。
III.辨认主题句（15 points, 5 points each)
16.Choose the best topic sentence from the four options below. Write the corresponding letter of your choice in the blank provided.
A. Amy has always been someone special to me in my life.
B. Like my other self, Amy always understands me perfectly.
C.I love the wild way Amy dances, so wonderful and exciting.
D. Amy is beautiful with her pleasant face and charming smiles.
Your choice: _____【答案】A【解析】A项“Amy一直是我生命中十分特殊的人”，B项“Amy就像另外一个我，总是能够十分理解我”，C项“我喜欢Amy跳舞时狂野的样子，精彩又动人”，D项“Amy很美，面容姣好，笑容甜蜜”。结合意思，B、C、D项均是我喜欢Amy以及她对我很重要的原因，是对A项的解释，因此主题句为A项。
17.Read the following paragraph and write the topic sentence on the answer sheet.
Joan has sweaty palms when she enters her math class. Her heart beats faster and faster as she moves toward her seat. She remembers that she is getting back her chapter test paper today, and she knows she did not do as well as she should have. She studied hard for a week before the test, but her mind went blank on some of the questions. She remembers feeling the same way in elementary school in Mrs. Smith’s class. Mrs. Smith always told her, "You're not trying hard enough. That's what your problem is."Joan looks at the other students sitting calmly in their seats. She feels helpless and wonders why. What Joan does not know is that she is suffering from the symptoms of math anxiety.【答案】What Joan does not know is that she is suffering from the symptoms of math anxiety.【解析】篇章第一二句讲述的是Joan的身体症状：sweaty palms（手心流汗）、heart beats faster（心跳加速）。然后是Joan的一系列心理活动：“今天出测试成绩，她知道她做的不好”，“以前在小学的时候也有过同样的感觉”，“她看到别的学生安静地坐在座位上，觉得很无助很困惑”。最后一句“Joan不知道，自己的症状就是数学焦虑”点明主题，解释说明前面的内容。因此主题句为最后一句“What Joan does not know is that she is suffering from the symptoms of math anxiety.”。
18.Read the following paragraph and choose the best topic sentence from the four options that follow. Write the corresponding letter of your choice in the blank provided.
The reality is that most students have to work after school or during the summer. Few schools, however, teach the most basic skills students need to succeed in applying for jobs, interviewing, and finding employment. I attended three high schools in two states, and none made a connection between academic courses and the world of work I will face when I graduate. I was taught English but never shown how to write a resume. I took public speaking but was never trained how to handle a job interview. My economics course never explained the hiring process. The school board justifies teaching sex education because "school has to prepare students for life."What could be more important than teaching young people how to succeed in a competitive job market?
A. Schools should not teach students sex education.
B. Schools should prepare students for the job market.
C. The job market is too competitive for school leavers.
D. Schools have the responsibility to prepare students for life.
Your choice: _____【答案】B【解析】篇章第一二句提出现状，很多学生会在暑假出去实习、工作，然而，极少有学校会教授如何申请工作的基本技能。之后举一些例子证明自己在学校学的课程与实际工作运用无关。最后一句话反问，还有比教会学生如何在竞争激烈的人才市场胜出更重要的吗？整个段落讲述的都是学校课程与社会脱节的问题。B项“学校应提供课程让学生为就业市场做充足准备”，符合主旨，因此选B项。
IV.重新组合段落（5 points, 1 point each)
19. Rearrange the following sentences so that they read logically. Put the corresponding letters in a proper sequence in the boxes provided below. The positions of some sentences have been given.
A. In the first stage in the life of a star, the hot gas is drawn by the
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