《新东方英语》中学生2014年1月号(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)

作者：《新东方英语》编辑部

出版社：《海外文摘》杂志社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

《新东方英语》中学生2014年1月号试读：

Preface 卷首语

I shot an arrow into the air,

It fell to earth, I knew not where;

For, so swiftly it flew, the sight

Could not follow it in its flight.

I breathed a song into the air,

It fell to earth, I knew not where;

For who has sight so keen and strong

That it can follow the flight of song?

Long, long afterward, in an oak

I found the arrow, still unbroke;

And the song, from beginning to end,

I found again in the heart of a friend.

我将一支箭射向天空，

它落在地上，无影无踪；

因为，它飞得如此快速，

眼睛怎能跟上飞的速度。

我将一支歌唱向天空，

它落在地上，无影无踪；

因为，谁的目光能如此敏锐，

将飞逝的歌声紧紧追随？

很久很久以后，在一棵橡树上，

我找到了那只箭，毫无损伤；

而那支歌，我也已发现，

它从头到尾，就藏在朋友心间。赏  析

亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗(Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1807~1882)是19世纪美国最伟大的浪漫主义诗人之一，也是美国最优秀的抒情诗人之一。他喜欢用英国古典诗歌形式表达新情感、新主题，可谓旧瓶装新酒，老树发新枝。他的诗语言淳朴，韵律和谐，内容积极向上，因而雅俗共赏，广为流传。《箭与歌》是朗费罗诗歌艺术的典型代表，是音韵美、形式美、内涵美的绝佳体现。从音韵上看，诗歌采用aabb的韵式，逐行押韵，韵脚工整，且第一节和第二节回环反复，音乐效果显著，具有明显的音韵美。从形式上看，诗歌采用四行体(quatrain)的形式，第一、二节结构几乎相同，用词高度相似，巧妙地将“箭”与“歌”这两个看似毫无关联的意象紧紧联系在一起，以“箭”喻“歌”，以“歌”抒怀，竟与中国传统诗歌中常用的比兴手法不谋而合。从内涵上看，前两节以相似的结构设置了一个悬念，令人不禁好奇诗人到底想要表达什么，直到第三节才揭晓答案，原来诗人是在赞美真挚的友情。“我”哼唱的歌曲就像那只射出的箭一样，“我”自己或许都已遗忘，而朋友却还铭记心间，给“我”带来惊喜。这种真挚的友情，难道不是人生最宝贵的财富吗？全诗虽未直接赞颂友情，却以巧妙的比兴手法让人感受到友情的宝贵，可谓不著一字尽得风流，内涵之美跃然纸上。★

What's Hot 特别推荐

Audrey Hepburn had come a long way from her early days as a chorus girl in a 1950 musical called Sauce Piquante at London's Cambridge Theatre. Her take-home pay then was a modest £8 a week, but she had gone on to become the toastof Broadway in Gigi, won an Oscar for her first big Hollywood movie Roman Holiday and played a string ofother major roles in films such as Breakfast at Tiffany's and My Fair Lady.

In short, she'd become a millionaire and a world star. But in private, she lived a simple life with her husband, Italian psychiatristAndrea Dotti, and to her five-year-old son Luca she was just Mama.

自早期作为合唱团的一员参演了1950年在伦敦剑桥剧院上演的音乐剧《开胃酱》以来，奥黛丽·赫本取得了长足的进步。参演《开胃酱》时，她每周的实得收入只有可怜的八英镑，但后来她凭借在舞台剧《金粉世界》中的出色表演成了百老汇的红人，还因她的第一部好莱坞大片《罗马假日》获得了一项奥斯卡奖(编注：最佳女主角)。她还在一些电影如《蒂凡尼的早餐》和《窈窕淑女》中扮演了一系列的主要角色。

简而言之，她已经成了一个坐拥百万家财的世界巨星，但私下里，她和她的丈夫——意大利精神病医生安德烈亚·多蒂——却过着简单朴素的生活。而对她当时才五岁的儿子卢卡来说，她的身份只是妈妈。My Mother Is a "Bad" Mother

"So imagine my surprise," recalls Luca, now 43, "when I saw her on TV kissing a strange man. I didn't know she was an actress. I didn't even know what an actress was. All I knew was that Mama was doing something I was sure was wrong. I ran to my father and told him what I'd seen. 'You must be very upset,' I said. But he just laughed and swept me upin his arms. 'Don't worry,' he told me. 'Your mother is just acting.' I didn't understand, but if Papa didn't mind, it must be all right. And as I grew older I realised why I'd been so confused—the real Mama who took me to school, cooked my supper and read me a bedtime story was exactly like the Mama I had seen on the screen. She was perfectly natural on and off it. There was nothing forced or actressy about her whatever she did."我有个“坏”妈妈“你可以想象得到，当我那时在电视上看到她和一个陌生男人接吻时，我有多惊讶，”现年43岁(编注：本文写于2013年)的卢卡说，“那时我并不知道她是个演员。我甚至不明白演员是什么。我只知道妈妈在做一件我确信是很坏很坏的事。我跑去找爸爸，把我看到的告诉他。‘你一定很伤心。’我说。但爸爸只是大笑着一把把我抱起来。‘别担心，’爸爸跟我说，‘你妈妈只是在演戏。’我还是不太明白，不过既然爸爸并不介意，那肯定就没什么事。后来随着年龄的增长，我才明白为什么我一直那么困惑——现实生活中送我上学、为我做晚饭、给我读睡前故事的妈妈跟我在电视里看到的妈妈一模一样。不论是在屏幕上还是在屏幕下，她都表现得十分自然。她不管做什么，都丝毫没有不自然的或是演戏的成分在内。”I Have a Special Mother

With her elfinface, big brown eyes, high cheek bones, swan-like neck and slim figure, Audrey Hepburn became a fashion icon as much as she was a movie star. Not that Luca realised.

"We would only see her in jeans and a top. The glamorous side of her life was something that she never flaunted. Eventually I realised she was special, because photographers would follow her around, and strangers would call out compliments in the street. It took me some time to see that this didn't happen to everyone's mama, just mine. When I asked her about it, she would laugh and play it down.

"She didn't like clothes that were over the top, because she was aware of what she regarded as her defects. She'd never wear revealingdresses, saying 'I'm too skinny. Not enough breasts'. She thought her nose and feet were too big and sometimes she'd look in the mirror and say, 'I don't understand why some people say I'm beautiful.'"

The discovery that his mother was a famous film star opened up a whole new world for Luca. "Until then, I'd never realised her friends who used to visit us were famous. There would be people like Gregory Peck, Cary Grant, James Stewart and the designers Givenchy and Valentino.

"She helped me and my brother with our homework and would come to school to speak with teachers, who sometimes got unsettled. One teacher was busy dealing with one parent after another, and then she looked up and there was Audrey Hepburn. She was speechless, as my mother said, 'Hello, I'm here to talk about my son.'

"That sort of thing has followed me all my life. Once, when I had to fill in a tax form in France, I had a meeting with this lady official, and where I was asked for mother's name I of course wrote Audrey Hepburn. She said, 'What is this? Are you making fun of me?' It's something people didn't believe."我有个与众不同的妈妈

奥黛丽·赫本有着精致的面孔，棕色的大眼睛，高高的颧骨，天鹅般修长的脖颈和苗条的身材，这使得她成为一个时尚偶像，在时尚界享有不亚于在电影圈的盛名。不过那时的卢卡并没有意识到这些。“她在我们面前从来都是牛仔裤加上衣。她从不炫耀自己生活中光鲜亮丽的一面。后来我终于意识到她是与众不同的，因为总会有摄影师跟在她周围，街上总会有陌生人大声赞美她。经过一段时间我才发现并不是每个人的妈妈都是这样的，只有我的妈妈如此。当我问起她这些的时候，她就会一笑置之，不当回事。“她不喜欢太夸张的衣服，因为她觉得自己有些地方不够漂亮。她从不穿太暴露的衣服，说‘我太瘦了，胸不够大’。她还觉得她的鼻子和脚太大了，有时她会对着镜子自言自语：‘我真不明白为什么那么多人说我漂亮。’”

自己的妈妈是个著名的电影明星这一发现为卢卡打开了一个全新的世界。“直到那时，我才意识到她那些常常来我家的朋友都是名人。其中有格里高利·派克、加里·格兰特和詹姆斯·斯图尔特这样的电影明星，还有纪梵希和华伦天奴这样的大设计师。“她会辅导我和哥哥的功课，还会到学校去跟老师们谈话，有时老师们会因此而手足无措。有一次，一位老师正忙着一个接一个地应付家长们，然后她抬起头时，就看到奥黛丽·赫本站在那里。当我妈妈跟她说‘你好，我来这里想跟你谈谈我儿子的情况’时，她都说不出话来了。“诸如此类的事情伴随着我的一生。有一次在法国，我必须填一份纳税申报表，当时我遇到一位女公务员。当我在母亲姓名一栏理所当然地写下奥黛丽·赫本的时候，她说：‘这是什么？你在跟我开玩笑吗？’人们就是无法相信你的妈妈是奥黛丽·赫本。”My Mother Will Never Be a Baddie

The level of his mother's fame hit homewhen Luca met Sean Connery, who was playing Robin Hood to her Maid Marion in the film Robin And Marion. "Mama took me to the set because she didn't want to be apart from us. I was very excited to meet Sean because for me he was James Bond. He was nice to me, but apparently I was a pain, because I wanted to have a sword and helmet like the men in the movie. Mama told me off. Not so much with words, but with her eyes. I could see that she was upset with me."

Luca shocked his mother by suggesting she should play a Bond villain. "I told her, 'Your films are boring and you should change this impeccableimage and be the one in the Bond movies who wants to destroy the world.' She said, 'You have to understand that I lived through World War II and I saw people dying. I don't want to be the one who does anything like that.' But in a way I'd still have liked her to be a baddie!"

Born in 1929, Audrey was ten and had moved to Holland from Kent when war broke out, as her family thought Holland would remain neutral. But, surrounded by Nazis, they were often close to starvation. Her elder brother was taken to a slave camp in Germany and her uncle was shot by the Nazis in reprisalfor a troop train being blown up. "These are things you never forget," she told Luca.妈妈永远都不会演“坏人”

当卢卡见到在《罗宾汉与玛莉安》一片中跟妈妈演对手戏的肖恩·康纳利(肖恩饰演罗宾汉，赫本饰演玛莉安)时，妈妈的知名度才对他有了意义。“妈妈带我去了片场，因为她不想和我们分开。能见到肖恩我非常激动，因为对我来说他就是詹姆斯·邦德(编注：肖恩·康纳利曾饰演过《007》中的詹姆斯·邦德)。他对我很亲切，但我显然是个烦人精，因为我也想像电影中的人物那样戴着头盔、佩一把剑。妈妈批评了我，不过还没到动嘴训斥的地步，而是用她的眼神。我可以看出来她生我气了。”

卢卡还跟妈妈提议说她应该去演一个邦德电影里的反派角色，这让她很震惊。“我跟她说：‘你演的电影都很无聊，你应该改变这种完美的形象，演一个邦德电影里想要毁灭世界的大坏蛋。’她回答说：‘你要明白我经历过二战，亲眼见到过人们死去。我不想演那样的人。’不过，从某种意义上来说我还是想看她演个坏人！”

赫本出生于1929年，在二战爆发时，时年十岁的她早已随家人从英国肯特郡搬到荷兰，因为她的家人以为荷兰可以一直保持中立。但纳粹包围了荷兰，一家人常常食不果腹。她的哥哥被带到了德国的一个奴隶营，她的叔叔则在纳粹因军用列车被炸而进行的一次报复行动中被枪杀。“这样的事情你永远都不会忘记。”她对卢卡说。My Mother Is in Love with Rome

Audrey was born in Brussels, but had British citizenship through her banker father and went to school in the Kent village of Elham.

She fell in love with Rome at the age of 24 while making what was to become the classic movie Roman Holiday in 1953, and it later became her home for more than 20 years.

"She always described herself as a Roman mother. One thing she discovered there was pastaand she became a real pasta addict. I remember many times we were going to restaurants and waiters wanted to make her happy and would say, 'Madam, what can I do for you, something special?' She would tell them she'd just love a simple spaghettiwith tomato sauce. And they were really surprised. Even when she travelled abroad she'd carry dried pasta along with her in her suitcase."妈妈热爱罗马

赫本出生在布鲁塞尔，但跟随她的银行家父亲加入了英国国籍，并在位于英国肯特郡埃尔海姆乡的一所学校就读。

1953年，24岁的赫本参演了后来成为经典电影的《罗马假日》。拍摄期间，赫本爱上了罗马这个城市，罗马在之后的20多年里一直都是她的家。“她总把自己描述成一个罗马母亲。她在罗马发现了后来成为她的最爱的意大利面，她简直是‘无面不欢’。我记得有很多次我们去餐厅吃饭，那些服务员想要讨她欢心，就会问她：‘夫人，您想要点什么，我们可以特别招待。’她都会告诉他们她只想要一份番茄酱意式细面。而他们总是非常惊讶。即使是到国外旅行，她都会在行李箱里随身携带一些干的意面。”My Mother Has Her Own Life Philosophy

Luca says all the praise and respect and worldwide fame made no difference to her outlook. "She never had bodyguards or travelled in cars with blacked-out windows like celebrities do today. She would say 'No, I'm perfectly able to walk. Keep it for the years to come when I'm old and frail'." Fame meant nothing to her, says Luca, unless it could be used for something positive, which is why she spent her final years working for the children's charity UNICEF. "She would tell us, 'The human obligation is to help children who are suffering. The rest is luxury.'

"Mama always talked about her work as a profession, a way to provide for her family. Her first career, she always said, was being a mother and her second one was her work for UNICEF. She never saw herself as a movie star.

"She wasn't afraid of growing old. She was looking forward to sitting around the fire and telling stories to the grandchildren. She always saw life as seasons—'I have been young, I've been a mother, and now I am old.' So to her the aging process was normal."She died from cancer in 1993 at age 63, after returning from a trip to Somalia on behalf of UNICEF. Says Luca sadly, "She had a check-up, and at first they didn't spot the cancer, but it was very aggressive and she went very quickly. She had told us, 'If I go, it means I am meant to. Everything comes at the right time.' And that was her philosophy throughout her life."妈妈有她自己的人生哲学

卢卡说，所有的赞誉、尊敬和享誉世界的知名度并没有对赫本的人生观造成什么影响。“她从来没有像现在的那些名人那样雇佣保镖或者乘坐贴了黑色窗膜的车出行。她会说：‘不用了，我完全可以自己走路。等我将来年老体弱的时候再说吧。’” 卢卡说，名气对她而言毫无意义，除非名气可以用来做点积极的事，所以在她生命的最后几年里，她一直在做联合国儿童基金会儿童慈善工作。“她常常告诉我们：‘人的义务就是帮助那些正在受苦的孩子。其余的都是奢侈品。’“妈妈总是把她的演艺工作当做一份职业，一个养家糊口的途径。她常说，她的第一事业是做好一个母亲，第二事业就是她为联合国儿童基金会所做的工作。她从来没有把自己当成一个电影明星。“她并不害怕变老，反而期待着自己能坐在炉火边给孙子孙女讲故事。生命在她看来就像四季更迭——‘我曾经是个年轻的姑娘，然后成了母亲，现在我老啦。’所以对她而言，变老是再正常不过的了。”

她于1993年因癌症逝世，享年63岁。那时她刚结束了代表联合国儿童基金会对索马里的慰问之旅。卢卡伤心地回忆道：“她做了身体检查，一开始他们没有发现是癌症，但是那病来势凶猛，她很快就离世了。她曾对我们说：‘如果我走了，那是因为时间到了。一切都会如期而至。’这就是她坚持了一辈子的人生哲学。”TIP《罗马假日》背后的故事《罗马假日》改变了奥黛丽·赫本的一生。她一直认为自己能出演《罗马假日》很大一部分原因要归功于运气。当时制片方本来想找伊丽莎白·泰勒(Elizabeth Taylor)出演安妮公主一角，因为泰勒从小就开始演戏，当时已经是一位巨星。但是导演威廉·惠勒(William Wyler)坚持要让赫本出演，理由是她的表演太自然了。在赫本试镜的时候，工作人员并没有告诉她摄像机是一直开着的，所以她在做剧本以外的事情时也被拍摄了下来。导演看过之后说她太完美了。

电影开拍以后，制片方本来打算把男主演也就是巨星格里高利·派克(Gregory Peck)的名字放在电影海报的最上方，并且最先出现在电影上。但派克坚持让赫本的名字跟自己的名字一起作为领衔主演出现。在当时自私自利、暗箭伤人无处不在的好莱坞，派克的这一举动毫无疑问是无比慷慨的，这更促使赫本一跃成为好莱坞的顶级新星。Top 5 Audrey Hepburn Films奥黛丽·赫本的五大银幕经典◎By Sakira Del Rosario  译 / 宋怡秋

奥黛丽·赫本就像落入凡间的天使，善良、美丽、脱俗，仿佛在这尘世上走了一遭，却从未沾染一粒尘埃。她塑造过很多经典的银幕角色，有追逐名利的交际花，有高贵而单纯的公主，也有言语粗俗的卖花女，这些角色丰富了她的演艺生涯，而她则赋予了这些角色无与伦比的魅力。在赫本逝世21周年之际，让我们一起回顾她的那些银幕经典，追忆这位天使留给人间的故事。1. Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961)

This timeless classic is what solidified Audrey Hepburn's place in the memories of all vintage, Old Hollywood, fashion lovers and anyone else who appreciates a good movie. Based on the same-titled novel by Truman Capote, this film is Hepburn's most famous one. She stars as Holly Golightly, a party girl running from herself while at the same time trying to find herself. She meets her neighbor Fred, and, together, they fill the film with laughs and eventually romance. Breakfast at Tiffany's is a must-see.1.《蒂凡尼的早餐》(1961年)

正是这部不朽的经典之作巩固了奥黛丽·赫本在所有那些热爱好莱坞黄金年代、热爱时尚的人士以及其他所有懂得欣赏好电影的人们心目中的地位。本片改编自杜鲁门·卡波特的同名小说，是赫本最著名的一部作品。她在片中饰演的霍利·戈莱特利是一个既想逃避自我同时又试图追寻自我的交际花。她与邻居弗雷德邂逅，两人共同演绎了一个充满欢笑、有着浪漫结局的银幕故事。《蒂凡尼的早餐》是一部必看影片。2. Roman Holiday (1953)

Here we have the role that won Audrey Hepburn her first Oscar and shot her to fame, as Princess. Young and feeling frustrated with all the royal responsibilities entrustedupon her, she runs away from the palace to see the town and be as normal as she's never been allowed to be. Journalist Joe Bradley, who tries to use her and get a money-worthy story, eventually takes her infor the world's biggest scoop, and then falls forher.2.《罗马假日》(1953年)

本片中的公主一角为奥黛丽·赫本赢得了她的第一个奥斯卡奖，并使她一举成名。影片中的年轻公主厌倦了身上肩负的所有皇室职责，从王宫中溜出来，到城里游览，体验她以前从来不被允许体验的普通人的生活。记者乔·布拉德利试图利用公主获取一个值钱的新闻故事，他最终通过哄骗的手段拿到了世界上最为轰动的独家新闻，此后又爱上了公主。3. Sabrina (1954)

This movie is charming, heart-warming, and will have you rooting forone of the three main characters once you get the story. Hepburn plays a chauffeur'sdaughter who finds herself tornbetween two brothers from a wealthy family.3.《龙凤配》(1954年)

这部引人入胜的影片很温馨，你一旦看懂影片故事，就会在片中的三个主角中找到自己支持的一方。赫本在片中饰演的是一位私人司机的女儿，她难以在一个富裕家庭的两兄弟之间做出抉择，感到很苦恼。4. My Fair Lady (1964)

An adaptation of the popular same-titled musical, My Fair Lady is the story of Eliza Doolittle, a poor and slightly uneducated woman who sells flowers when she meets a snobbylinguistics professor who insults everything about her. The professor makes a bet with his colleague that in six months he could completely transform Eliza and have her pass as royalty at the next ball. Hepburn does a great job at first being the uneducated, ill speaking Eliza and then slowly transitioning to a graceful, wittybeauty.4.《窈窕淑女》(1964年)《窈窕淑女》改编自大受欢迎的同名音乐剧，讲述了一个稍微有些缺乏教养的贫穷卖花女伊丽莎·杜利特尔的故事。伊丽莎遇到了一位自命不凡的语言学教授，受到了他的百般奚落。该教授和同事打赌，说他能够在六个月内令伊丽莎脱胎换骨，并让她在下次的舞会上表现得像个王室成员。赫本的表演极为精彩，把伊丽莎从一个原本缺乏教养、言语粗俗的卖花女逐渐转变为优雅、风趣的美丽女子。5. The Children's Hour (1961)

Tackling a topic that was tabooat its time, this film is a more serious one, in which Audrey's character and her best friend are accused of being lesbiansby a troublemaker at the school they teach at. Their lives come apartas the movie takes tragic turns.5.《双姝怨》(1961年)

本片涉及了一个在当时被人们视为禁忌的话题，题材较为严肃。奥黛丽在片中饰演的角色与其好友在一个学校里教书，但却被该校一个捣蛋的学生指控为同性恋。随着影片故事转向悲剧，她们的人生也走向崩溃。☆酷学酷玩过寒假跟海明威一起钓“鱼”——如何通过读英语名著来提高英语水平◎ 文 / 傅徽苑

英语文学著作多如繁星，从名贯古今的莎士比亚悲喜剧到风靡一时的《哈利·波特》系列，无数作品都成为世界文学史上的瑰宝。对于英语学习者来说，这些作品可是不可多得的好材料。沉浸在英语名著中，我们不仅可以开启智慧之旅，还可以在感受英语之美的同时提升自己的英语水平。如果在读英语原著的同时能注意以下四点，你的收获一定会更多。这四点包括：①了解作者生平；②做笔记；③思考作品主题；④转述。下面笔者就以欧内斯特·海明威(Ernest Hemingway, 1899~1961)的著名短篇小说《老人与海》(The Old Man and the Sea)为例，讲解一下如何利用这四种“钓具”，随海明威一起在英语文学的海洋中钓起一些有助于提升自己英语能力的“鱼”。1. 了解作者生平

在读一部小说之前，了解作者生平有助于理解作品的主题，并且找资料的过程本身也是一种学习。网络是搜索资料最快捷的方式，但网络信息过于庞杂，大家要注意信息的出处是否权威。笔者在此推荐维基百科网(http://en.wikipedia.org/)，该网站信息全面且较为权威。从维基百科网中，我们可以获得关于海明威的以下信息：

① Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American author and journalist. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.

② After high school he reported for a few months for The Kansas City Star, before leaving for the Italian front (前线).

③ Shortly after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea in 1952, Hemingway went on safari (游猎) to Africa, where he was almost killed in two successive plane crashes that left him in pain or ill health for much of the rest of his life.

④ He committed suicide in the summer of 1961.

从以上内容可以看出，海明威一生的经历十分丰富。他做过记者，写过小说，获过诺贝尔奖，上过战场，喜欢游历，还曾两次死里逃生。在诺贝尔奖获奖演说中，海明威曾说：He (a true writer) should always try for something that has never been done or that others have tried and failed. Then sometimes, with good luck, he will succeed. 海明威不仅在写作中敢于尝试，在生活中也是如此，因此才有了那些传奇经历。在读《老人与海》时，你就会发现海明威敢于冒险和勇敢执着的精神在小说中都得到了很好的体现。2. 做笔记

在读小说的过程中做笔记，可以积累一些词汇、句子等英语表达方式。笔记可以分类来做，比如将词、句和口语化表达分别归类，或者将描写人物和景致的内容分别归类。《老人与海》文字简洁易懂，体现了海明威“用最简洁的语言来表达思想”的写作理念。在阅读过程中，我们可以做类似下面的笔记。【原文】"I must give him something more than the belly meat then. He is very thoughtful for us." ... I must have water here for him, the boy thought, and soap and a good towel. Why am I so thoughtless?【词汇积累】这段话中，出现了thoughtful、thought和thoughtless三个形近词，可以将其放在一起积累。Thought为think的过去式，也可以作名词表示“想法”的含义。“-ful”为形容词后缀，表示“充满……的”；也可以作名词后缀，如spoonful (一勺)。“-less”为形容词后缀，表示“没有的”。显而易见，thoughtful (考虑周到的)和thoughtless (考虑不周的)是一对反义词。做笔记时，可以将这三个词写在一起，并列出与之类似的词汇，如meaning、meaningful、meaningless；need、needful、needless；help、helpful、helpless；use、useful、useless。【原文】《老人与海》中有许多和太阳(the sun)有关的表达，例如：sunburned (晒伤的)、sun-bleached (被阳光漂白的)、sunset、sit in the sun、the sun was down、the sun would rise、the sun rose thinly from the sea、the sun was brighter、the sun was two hours higher、the sun was hot now、before the sun sets、it was cold after the sun went down等。【表达积累】通过积累与sun相关的词汇与表达，我们知道描写太阳下山可以用be down、go down、set和sunset；描写太阳升起可用rise、be higher、be two hours higher等。

此外，我们还可以从中积累一些经典名言。在《老人与海》中，最著名的一句话为：“A man can be destroyed but not defeated. (一个人可以被打垮，但不能被打败。)”这句话是该小说的点睛之笔，体现了老人那种不向命运低头的硬汉精神。3. 思考作品主题

读完小说后，可以对小说的主题进行进一步思考。如果你对小说理解不深，笔者在此推荐一个很好的文学导读网站：http://www.sparknotes.com/。该网站收录了众多英语文学作品，并对作品进行了多方位的解读、概括和总结。你可以借助该网站加深对小说主题的理解。例如，该网站将《老人与海》的主题总结为两个：the honor in struggle, defeat & death以及pride as the source of greatness & determination。通过阅读该网站对这两个主题的阐释，你更能领悟到《老人与海》中蕴含的哲理与深意。4. 转述

转述可以包括口头转述和书面转述。对于口头转述，同学们可利用自己积累的一些关键词，将作者的生平或小说的故事用自己的语言进行重新表达，并讲给自己的同学听。最好能够与志同道合、喜欢读名著和学习英语的朋友组成小组，针对读过的作品进行讨论。比如，了解海明威的生平后，可以摘取其中的一些关键词如American author and journalist、Nobel Prize in Literature、World War I、went on safari to Africa、almost killed in two successive plane crashes、committed suicide等列一个小提纲，将其组织成一个故事讲给你的partner听。你可以这样说：Hey, I'm reading a novel these days, The Old Man and the Sea. The writer is Hemingway. He is a Nobel Prize winner who made great contribution to English literature. What shocks me a lot is that he committed suicide ... 如此一来，这些内容不仅可以让你增长知识，还能够帮你练习口语，并为你提供写作的素材。书面转述指读书报告。在对一部作品进行全面、深入地了解之后，你可能感悟颇深，便可借此有感而发，写一篇读书报告，并在读书报告中应用所积累的词句对作品进行概括，抒发自己的感想。此举不仅可以提高概括总结能力，还能提高英语写作能力。

也许有人会说，这样做好繁琐。但是如果能够每天阅读两三页，记录一两句，一周练习一两次口头转述和一次书面写作，长期坚持下来必有所获。更何况，和无数海明威这样的伟大作家一同在英语的海洋里垂钓，你收获的又岂止是英语知识这一条大鱼呢？作者简介：

傅徽苑，北京新东方学校优能中学“酷学酷玩”听口营教师。跟“吃货”游北京学英语◎ 文 / 侯跃隆

亲爱的小伙伴们，你们有没有绰号呢？有些绰号可能会让人哭笑不得，但也有些绰号会让人引以为豪，而我最引以为豪的绰号就是“吃货(Foodie)”啦！大学期间，我吃遍了北京大学和清华大学的几十家食堂，工作之后，我又把中关村和五道口的上百家餐厅和小吃店尝了个遍，吃货本质可谓展露无遗。但是要想成为一个名副其实的吃货，要想在朋友面前显示自己对美食了如指掌，不积累一些吃货必备的词汇和知识怎么能行呢？下面就随Foodie老师一起开启我们的美食之旅吧。品北京烤鸭，看小费文化

北京最负盛名的烤鸭店莫过于“全聚德”。140多年前，饭店创始人杨全仁由河北逃荒到北京，在前门肉市卖生鸡生鸭，后来开了个烤炉铺，取名为“全聚德”。他的生意越做越好，名气也越来越大。后来，他的后代继承了他的事业，将全聚德发展到今天的规模。值得一提的是，全聚德这样一个老字号却也不乏异国特色，他们会收取客人消费金额的10%作为小费。小费这一西方文化源自18世纪的英国伦敦，当时的酒店饭桌中间都摆有写着To Insure Prompt Service (为了保证服务迅速)的碗，如果顾客将零钱放入其中，将会得到迅速而周到的服务。后来这四个英文单词的首字母(TIPS)就演变成了“小费(tips)”一词。吃货必备

译名：北京烤鸭(Beijing Roast Duck/Peking Roast Duck)

北京烤鸭一般译为Beijing Roast Duck，但也有Peking Roast Duck的说法，这是威妥玛式拼音法(Wade-Giles Romanization)造成的。威妥玛式拼音法是中国清末至1958年汉语拼音方案公布前中国和国际上流行的中文拼音方案，被普遍用来拼写中国的人名、地名等。由于现代汉语拼音的推广和普及，国外开始用Beijing来指称北京，但威妥玛氏拼音法的影响仍然存在。Beijing在德语中依旧是Peking。从国外发到北京国际机场的成千上万个行李箱上贴着的依然是PEK三个字母。北京大学和清华大学这样百年老校的英文名有时仍然会用Peking University和Tsinghua University。还有西藏(Tibet)、拉萨(Lhasa)、喜马拉雅(Himalaya)、珠穆朗玛(Qomolangma)等也是根据威妥玛式拼音法书写的。

辅料：荷叶饼(lotus-leaf-shaped pancake)、葱(scallion)、蒜泥(mashed garlic)、黄瓜条(cucumber strip)、甜面酱(sweet flour paste)

烤鸭的吃法有点讲究，一般是将烤得形成一层脆皮的(crispy)烤鸭切成薄片(slice)，然后置于荷叶饼(lotus-leaf-shaped pancake)上，并在里面加上一些葱(scallion)、蒜泥(mashed garlic)和黄瓜条(cucumber strip)，最后放点儿甜面酱(sweet flour paste)，再将荷叶饼卷(roll)起来，方可入口。吃“西门烤翅”，解美食烤制

说到北京的烤翅，“西门烤翅”堪称一绝。“西门烤翅”因店铺位于北京大学西门而得名，现如今叫“西门烤翅”的店铺有很多家，不过个人认为位于北京大学西门附近的那家“西门烤翅”最正宗。传说这家“西门烤翅”先是用十几味天然香料腌制鸡翅，然后边刷秘制酱汁边进行烤制，再通过严格控制火候，最后出炉的烤翅颜色金黄，相当诱人。吃货必备

词汇：烤(roast/grill/bake/broil/toast)

说到“烤”，不知大家分得清roast、grill、bake、broil和toast吗？这些单词的含义有相同的部分，但也有不同的地方。根据烤制器具来区分，grill是用铁架烤；roast一般是将食物串起来，在烤炉中边转边烤，以保证食物均匀受热。根据烤的时间来区分，roast是长时间的烤，而broil则是短时间的烤。根据烤的强度来区分，broil是“炙烤”，强度最大；roast其次；toast和bake则一般指在烤箱中以稳定的中低温长时间烘焙，强度最弱。根据烤的效果来区分，bake指烤熟了，而toast则以烤出金黄色为目标。根据烤的对象来区分，roast和broil主要烤的是肉类，bake和toast一般烤的是面包等面点。了解了这么多“烤”的说法，那“西门烤翅”的烘烤应该用哪个动词描述呢？想必大家不难发现grill最为恰当。

食材：翅尖(wing tip)、翅中(mid-joint-wing/wingette)、翅根(wing root/drumette)、肉串(kebab/kabob)、蔬菜(vegetable)、水果(fruit)

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