作者：王勋,纪飞,（英）乔治·奥威尔
出版社：清华大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
动物庄园(中文导读英文版)试读：
前言
乔治·奥威尔（George Orwell，1903-1950），原名艾里克·阿瑟·布莱尔（Eric Arthur Blair），英国著名小说家、散文家、评论家。
奥威尔于1903年6月25日出生在印度，出身于一个没落的有产家庭，父亲是英帝国在印度的一个职位低下的文职官员。奥威尔自幼体弱多病，但天资聪颖，11岁时就在报纸上发表过诗作。1917年奥威尔获奖学金进入著名的伊顿公学就读，成绩优异，他还在学校刊物上发表文章。1922年奥威尔开始在印度皇家警察驻缅甸部队服役，由于反感英国的殖民统治，于1927年离开缅甸，一年后辞职。后来，他以这段经历为素材，写成小说《缅甸岁月》和自传体散文《猎象记》及《绞刑》。1928年1月回到英国后，他深入到社会底层，四处漂泊。他在巴黎、伦敦两地，做过洗盘子的杂工，住过贫民窟，并常常混迹在流浪汉和乞丐之中。1929年，他写下了关于这段经历的纪实性作品《巴黎伦敦落魄记》，真切地描述了生活在社会底层的人民的苦难。正是在为这部作品署名时，他用了“乔治·奥威尔”这一笔名。在某种程度上说，“奥威尔”的出现，使他开始了新生活。1936年7月，西班牙内战爆发。同年年底，奥威尔与新婚的妻子一同奔赴西班牙，投身于保卫共和政府的光荣战斗中。奥威尔在前线担任少尉，喉部曾经受过重伤。他为记述西班牙内战而写的《向卡特洛尼亚致敬》一书，后来成为关于这场内战的一份权威性文献。但是，这场正义的战争，由于左翼共和政府内部分裂，最后惨遭失败，奥威尔在共和政府内部党派之争的倾轧中也丧点儿丧生。这个惨痛的经验对奥威尔影响巨大。他曾说自己“从1930年起就是一个社会主义者了”，从这时候起，他又开始考虑“捍卫民主社会主义”的问题了。这个思想转变直影响到了他后期的两部旷世佳作——《动物庄园》（1945）和《一九八四》（1949）的创作。第二次世界大战中，他在英国广播公司从事反法西斯宣传工作。1950年，死于缠绵数年的肺病，年仅47岁。《动物庄园》是奥威尔的代表作（他的另一代表作是《一九八四》），被欧美15所著名大学投票选为“影响我成长的十本书”之一，是世界文坛最著名的政治讽喻小说。该书自出版以来，已被译成世界上六十多种语言，是公认的世界文学名著之一。
在中国，《动物庄园》也是广受关注的外国文学作品之一。目前，在国内数量众多的《动物庄园》书籍中，主要的出版形式有两种：一种是中文翻译版，另一种是英文原版。其中的英文原版越来越受到读者的欢迎，这主要是得益于中国人热衷于学习英文的大环境。从英文学习的角度来看，直接使用纯英文素材更有利于英语学习。考虑到对英文内容背景的了解有助于英文阅读，使用中文导读应该是一种比较好的方式，也可以说是该类型书的第三种版本形式。采用中文导读而非中英文对照的方式进行编排，这样有利于国内读者摆脱对英文阅读依赖中文注释的习惯。基于以上原因，我们决定编译《动物庄园》，并采用中文导读英文版的形式出版。在中文导读中，我们尽力使其贴近原作的精髓，也尽可能保留原作的故事主线。我们希望能够编出为当代中国读者所喜爱的经典读本。读者在阅读英文故事之前，可以先阅读中文导读内容，这样有利于了解故事背景，从而加快阅读速度。我们相信，该经典著作的引进对加强当代中国读者，特别是青少年读者的人文修养是非常有帮助的。
本书的主要内容由王勋、纪飞编译。参加本书故事素材搜集整理及编译工作的还有郑佳、刘乃亚、赵雪、熊金玉、李丽秀、熊红华、王婷婷、孟宪行、胡国平、李晓红、贡东兴、陈楠、邵舒丽、冯洁、王业伟、徐鑫、王晓旭、周丽萍、熊建国、徐平国、肖洁、王小红等。限于我们的科学、人文素养和英语水平，书中难免不当之处，衷心希望读者朋友批评指正。第一章 Chapter 1导读
这天晚上，趁着主人琼斯先生酩酊大醉之际，曼纳庄园中的动物们沸腾起来：“老少校”公猪要向其他动物们讲述自己才做的一个怪梦。老少校是曼纳庄园动物界德高望重的老者，向来受到动物们的尊重。现在，在大谷仓的干草垫子上，老少校已经就座。除了乌鸦摩西外，其他各色动物纷纷进场，猪、狗、马、羊、驴子、鸡、鸭、鸽子等等，都选择了自己中意的座位，等待着老少校的发言。这些动物们各具特性，勤劳勇敢的老马拳手和温顺可亲的老马苜蓿是年久的老搭档，干活从不怕累；白母马莫丽爱慕虚荣又愚蠢懒惰，最爱打扮自己；老驴子本杰明向来不紧不慢，对一切冷眼旁观；猫则是既爱凑热闹又神秘莫测等等。
老少校开口道：自己长时间思考的一个问题已经有了答案，现在要在自己时日无多的有生之年传达给各位，那就是，大家应该怎么生活。老少校先向聆听的动物们描述了它们现在所处的惨况：每天没命地干活，但吃不饱睡不稳，老了还要被送进屠宰场或者被抛弃；接着又剖析了庄园里的动物所处悲惨境地的原因，就是这些都由“人”的剥削统治造成的，人喝掉牛奶、吃掉鸡蛋、卖掉小马驹，无恶不作；最后老少校提出了解决办法：动物们应该发生暴动，推翻人类，去过那种自由自在的幸福生活。
老少校不断地给大家输送理念，树立决心，号召大家团结一致，伸张正义。这时，几只老鼠跑了过来，老少校便趁机说，老鼠也是平等的动物中的一员。老少校再次声明，四条腿的是朋友，两条腿的是敌人，然后制定了动物平等原则，动物永远不许效仿人类，不能抽烟喝酒、睡在床上、开展贸易等，更不能互相杀戮。接着，老少校唱起一支儿时的歌——《英格兰的牲畜》。这是一首慷慨激昂的革命歌曲，歌词是老少校在昨天的梦里想起的。它在动物群中引起轰动，很快就流行开来。哄闹声惊醒了琼斯先生，他动用了枪，庄园即刻就沉静了。r. Jones, of the Manor Farm, had locked the hen-houses for thenight, but was too drunk to remember to shut the Mpopholes.With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side, he lurched across the yard, kicked off his boots at the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs.Jones was already snoring.
As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the farm buildings. Word had gone round during the day that old Major, the prize Middle White boar, had had a strange dream on the previous night and wished to communicate it to the other animals.It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big barn as soon as Mr.Jones was safely out of the way.Old Major（so he was always called, though the name under which he had been exhibited was Willingdon Beauty）was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour's sleep in order to hear what he had to say.
At one end of the big barn, on a sort of raised platform, Major was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking pig, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut.Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions.First came the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the pigs, who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform.The hens perched themselves on the window-sills, the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters, the sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs and began to chew the cud.The two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should be somesmall animal concealed in the straw.Clover was a stout motherly mare approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth foal.Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together.A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work.After the horses came Muriel, the white goat, and Benjamin, the donkey.Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm, and the worst tempered.He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark, for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies.Alone among the animals on the farm he never laughed.If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at.Nevertheless, without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer；the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazing side by side and never speaking.
The two horses had just lain down when a brood of ducklings, which had lost their mother, filed into the barn, cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a sort of wall round them with her great foreleg, and the ducklings nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep.At the last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty white mare who drew Mr.Jones's trap, came mincing daintily in, chewing at a lump of sugar.She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with.Last of all came the cat, who looked round, as usual, for the warmest place, and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover；there she purred contentedly throughout Major's speech without listening to a word of what he was saying.
All the animals were now present except Moses, the tame raven, who slept on a perch behind the back door. When Major saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively, he cleared his throat and began：
“Comrades, you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night. But I will come to the dream later.I have something else to say first.I donot think, comrades, that I shall be with you for many months longer, and before I die, I feel it my duty to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired.I have had a long life, I have had much time for thought as I lay alone in my stall, and I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living.It is about this that I wish to speak to you.
“Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours？Let us face it：our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength；and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty.No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness or leisure after he is a year old.No animal in England is free.The life of an animal is misery and slavery：that is the plain truth.
“But is this simply part of the order of nature？Is it because this land of ours is so poor that it cannot afford a decent life to those who dwell upon it？No, comrades, a thousand times no！The soil of England is fertile, its climate is good, it is capable of affording food in abundance to an enormously greater number of animals than now inhabit it. This single farm of ours would support a dozen horses, twenty cows, hundreds of sheep, and all of them living in a comfort and a dignity that are now almost beyond our imagining.Why then do we continue in this miserable condition？Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings.There, comrades, is the answer to all our problems.It is summed up in a single word-Man.Man is the only real enemy we have.Remove Man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished for ever.
“Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plough, he cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits.Yet he is lord of all the animals.He sets them to work, he gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving, and the rest he keeps for himself.Our labour tills the soil, our dung fertilises it, and yet there is not one of us that owns more than his bare skin.You cows that I see before me, how many thousands of gallons of milk have you given during this last year？And what has happened to that milk whichshould have been breeding up sturdy calves？Every drop of it has gone down the throats of our enemies.And you hens, how many eggs have you laid in this last year, and how many of those eggs ever hatched into chickens？The rest have all gone to market to bring in money for Jones and his men.And you, Clover, where are those four foals you bore, who should have been the support and pleasure of your old age？Each was sold at a year old-you will never see one of them again.In return for your four confinements and all your labour in the fields, what have you ever had except your bare rations and a stall？
“And even the miserable lives we lead are not allowed to reach their natural span. For myself I do not grumble, for I am one of the lucky ones.I am twelve years old and have had over four hundred children.Such is the natural life of a pig.But no animal escapes the cruel knife in the end.You young porkers who are sitting in front of me, every one of you will scream your lives out at the block within a year.To that horror we all must come-cows, pigs, hens, sheep, everyone.Even the horses and the dogs have no better fate.You, Boxer, the very day that those great muscles of yours lose their power, Jones will sell you to the knacker, who will cut your throat and boil you down for the foxhounds.As for the dogs, when they grow old and toothless, Jones ties a brick round their necks and drowns them in the nearest pond.
“Is it not crystal clear, then, comrades, that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings？Only get rid of Man, and the produce of our labour would be our own. Almost overnight we could become rich and free.What then must we do？Why, work night and day, body and soul, for the overthrow of the human race！That is my message to you, comrades：Rebellion！I do not know when that Rebellion will come, it might be in a week or in a hundred years, but I know, as surely as I see this straw beneath my feet, that sooner or later justice will be done.Fix your eyes on that, comrades, throughout the short remainder of your lives！And above all, pass on this message of mine to those who come after you, so that future generations shall carry on the struggle until it is victorious.
“And remember, comrades, your resolution must never falter. No argument must lead you astray.Never listen when they tell you that Man and the animals have a common interest, that the prosperity of the one is theprosperity of the others.It is all lies.Man serves the interests of no creature except himself.And among us animals let there be perfect unity, perfect comradeship in the struggle.All men are enemies.All animals are comrades.”
At this moment there was a tremendous uproar. While Major was speaking four large rats had crept out of their holes and were sitting on their hindquarters, listening to him.The dogs had suddenly caught sight of them, and it was only by a swift dash for their holes that the rats saved their lives.Major raised his trotter for silence.
“Comrades，”he said，“here is a point that must be settled. The wild creatures, such as rats and rabbits-are they our friends or our enemies？Let us put it to the vote.I propose this question to the meeting：Are rats comrades？”
The vote was taken at once, and it was agreed by an overwhelming majority that rats were comrades. There were only four dissentients, the three dogs and the cat, who was afterwards discovered to have voted on both sides.Major continued：
“I have little more to say. I merely repeat, remember always your duty of enmity towards Man and all his ways.Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.And remember also that in fighting against Man, we must not come to resemble him.Even when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices.No animal must ever live in a house, or sleep in a bed, or wear clothes, or drink alcohol, or smoke tobacco, or touch money, or engage in trade.All the habits of Man are evil.And, above all, no animal must ever tyrannise over his own kind.Weak or strong, clever or simple, we are all brothers.No animal must ever kill any other animal.All animals are equal.
“And now, comrades, I will tell you about my dream of last night. I cannot describe that dream to you.It was a dream of the earth as it will be when Man has vanished.But it reminded me of something that I had long forgotten.Many years ago, when I was a little pig, my mother and the other sows used to sing an old song of which they knew only the tune and the first three words.I had known that tune in my infancy, but it had long since passed out of my mind.Last night, however, it came back to me in my dream.And what is more, the words of the song also came back-words, I am certain, which were sung bythe animals of long ago and have been lost to memory for generations.I will sing you that song now, comrades.I am old and my voice is hoarse, but when I have taught you the tune, you can sing it better for yourselves.It is called Beasts of England.”
Old Major cleared his throat and began to sing. As he had said, his voice was hoarse, but he sang well enough, and it was a stirring tune, something between Clementine and La Cucaracha.The words ran：Beasts of England, beasts of Ireland，Beasts of every land and clime，Hearken to my joyful tidingsOf the golden future time.Soon or late the day is coming，Tyrant Man shall be o'erthrown，And the fruitful fields of EnglandShall be trod by beasts alone.Rings shall vanish from our noses，And the harness from our back，Bit and spur shall rust forever，Cruel whips no more shall crack.Riches more than mind can picture，Wheat and barley, oats and hay，Clover, beans, and mangel-wurzelsShall be ours upon that day.Bright will shine the fields of England，Purer shall its waters be，Sweeter yet shall blow its breezesOn the day that sets us free.For that. day we all must labour，Though we die before it break；Cows and horses, geese and turkeys，All must toil for freedom's sake.Beasts of England, beasts of Ireland，Beasts of every land and clime，Hearken well and spread my tidingsOf the golden future time.
The singing of this song threw the animals into the wildest excitement. Almost before Major had reached the end, they had begun singing it for themselves.Even the stupidest of them had already picked up the tune and a few of the words, and as for the clever ones, such as the pigs and dogs, they had the entire song by heart within a few minutes.And then, after a few preliminary tries, the whole farm burst out into Beasts of England in tremendous unison.The cows lowed it, the dogs whined it, the sheep bleated it, the horses whinnied it, the ducks quacked it.They were so delighted with the song that they sang it right through five times in succession, and might have continued singing it all night if they had not been interrupted.
Unfortunately, the uproar awoke Mr. Jones, who sprang out of bed, making sure that there was a fox in the yard.He seized the gun which always stood in a corner of his bedroom, and let fly a charge of number 6 shot into the darkness.The pellets buried themselves in the wall of the barn and the meeting broke up hurriedly.Everyone fled to his own sleeping-place.The birds jumped on to their perches, the animals settled down in the straw, and the whole farm was asleep in a moment.第二章 Chapter 2导读
三天后，老少校安详离世。老少校的话在动物群中引起了观念的更新，一些有头脑的动物开始思考着行动起来。于是，被公认为庄园里最聪明动物的猪便承担起了组织和教育的工作。其中，拿破仑高大凶狠，雪球聪明伶俐，声响器善于鼓动。这三头猪认真揣摩老少校的讲话精神，提炼出一套“动物主义”，然后在大仓谷里举行秘密会议，不断向其他动物宣传革命，回答其他动物提出的，类似于为什么要关心死后事情之类的幼稚问题，努力将提问者说得心悦诚服。同时，这些猪不断对付乌鸦摩西散发的各种谣言，乌鸦摩西已被主人驯化，总是用丰衣足食的、所有动物死后都会到达的蜜饯山来麻痹大家。在两匹老马拳手和苜蓿的坚定支持下，民心渐渐稳定下来。
这段时间，向来还算能干的庄园主琼斯先生懈怠消沉起来，他整日喝酒，将庄园事物交给伙计打理。漫不经心的伙计忘了使动物们填饱肚子、保持温暖。这天，饥饿很久的动物突然自发地向主人们猛冲过来，顺利地赶走了惊魂未定的主人。革命就这样瞬间地爆发、胜利了。
动物们起先还不敢相信革命这么顺利，自己已经成为这座曼纳庄园的主人。接着，便自发地毁掉了一切人造的限制动物自由的枷锁，热闹地发放食物庆祝了一番。第二天一早，动物们照常醒来，兴奋地奔跑跳跃，巡视着庄园，最终成群结队地走进了主人的房间，大胆而心满意足地参观了一番。它们还约定，任何动物都不可住在人类的房子里。这时，雪球和拿破仑召集大家，要将曼纳庄园改成动物庄园，制定出一套关乎行为准则的“七诫”，并把它醒目地涂在墙上，约定动物们永远照它实行。拿破仑率先带动物挤了牛奶，然后雪球带领大家收割牧草，动物们就这样开始了革命的第一天。hree nights later old Major died peacefully in his sleep. His bodywas buried at the foot of the orchard.TThis was early in March. During the next three months there was much secret activity.Major's speech had given to the more intelligent animals on the farm a completely new outlook on life.They did not know when the Rebellion predicted by Major would take place, they had no reason for thinking that it would be within their own lifetime, but they saw clearly that it was their duty to prepare for it.The work of teaching and organising the others fell naturally upon the pigs, who were generally recognised as being the cleverest of the animals.Pre-eminent among the pigs were two young boars named Snowball and Napoleon, whom Mr.Jones was breeding up for sale.Napoleon was a large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar, the only Berkshire on the farm, not much of a talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way.Snowball was a more vivacious pig than Napoleon, quicker in speech and more inventive, but was not considered to have the same depth of character.All the other male pigs on the farm were porkers.The best known among them was a small fat pig named Squealer, with very round cheeks, twinkling eyes, nimble movements, and a shrill voice.He was a brilliant talker, and when he was arguing some difficult point he had a way of skipping from side to side and whisking his tail which was somehow very persuasive.The others said of Squealer that he could turn black into white.
These three had elaborated old Major's teachings into a complete system of thought, to which they gave the name of Animalism. Several nights a week, after Mr.Jones was asleep, they held secret meetings in the barn and expounded the principles of Animalism to the others.At the beginning they met with much stupidity and apathy.Some of the animals talked of the duty of loyalty to Mr.Jones, whom they referred to as“Master，”or made elementary remarks such as“Mr.Jones feeds us.If he were gone, we should starve todeath.”Others asked such questions as“Why should we care what happens after we are dead？”or“If this Rebellion is to happen anyway, what difference does it make whether we work for it or not？”，and the pigs had great difficulty in making them see that this was contrary to the spirit of Animalism.The stupidest questions of all were asked by Mollie, the white mare.The very first question she asked Snowball was：“Will there still be sugar after the Rebellion？”
“No，”said Snowball firmly.“We have no means of making sugar on this farm. Besides, you do not need sugar.You will have all the oats and hay you want.”
“And shall I still be allowed to wear ribbons in my mane？”asked Mollie.“Comrade，”said Snowball，“those ribbons that you are so devoted to are the badge of slavery. Can you not understand that liberty is worth more than ribbons？”
Mollie agreed, but she did not sound very convinced.
The pigs had an even harder struggle to counteract the lies put about by Moses, the tame raven. Moses, who was Mr.Jones's especial pet, was a spy and a tale-bearer, but he was also a clever talker.He claimed to know of the existence of a mysterious country called Sugarcandy Mountain, to which all animals went when they died.It was situated somewhere up in the sky, a little distance beyond the clouds, Moses said.In Sugarcandy Mountain it was Sunday seven days a week, clover was in season all the year round, and lump sugar and linseed cake grew on the hedges.The animals hated Moses because he told tales and did no work, but some of them believed in Sugarcandy Mountain, and the pigs had to argue very hard to persuade them that there was no such place.
Their most faithful disciples were the two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover. These two had great difficulty in thinking anything out for themselves, but having once accepted the pigs as their teachers, they absorbed everything that they were told, and passed it on to the other animals by simple arguments.They were unfailing in their attendance at the secret meetings in the barn, and led the singing of Beasts of England, with which the meetings always ended.
Now, as it turned out, the Rebellion was achieved much earlier and moreeasily than anyone had expected. In past years Mr.Jones, although a hard master, had been a capable farmer, but of late he had fallen on evil days.He had become much disheartened after losing money in a lawsuit, and had taken to drinking more than was good for him.For whole days at a time he would lounge in his Windsor chair in the kitchen, reading the newspapers, drinking, and occasionally feeding Moses on crusts of bread soaked in beer.His men were idle and dishonest, the fields were full of weeds, the buildings wanted roofing, the hedges were neglected, and the animals were underfed.
June came and the hay was almost ready for cutting. On Midsummer's Eve, which was a Saturday, Mr.Jones went into Willingdon and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back till midday on Sunday.The men had milked the cows in the early morning and then had gone out rabbiting, without bothering to feed the animals.When Mr.Jones got back he immediately went to sleep on the drawing-room sofa with the News of the World over his face, so that when evening came, the animals were still unfed.At last they could stand it no longer.One of the cows broke in the door of the store-shed with her horn and all the animals began to help themselves from the bins.It was just then that Mr.Jones woke up.The next moment he and his four men were in the store-shed with whips in their hands, lashing out in all directions.This was more than the hungry animals could bear.With one accord, though nothing of the kind had been planned beforehand, they flung themselves upon their tormentors.Jones and his men suddenly found themselves being butted and kicked from all sides.The situation was quite out of their control.They had never seen animals behave like this before, and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to thrashing and maltreating just as they chose, frightened them almost out of their wits.After only a moment or two they gave up trying to defend themselves and took to their heels.A minute later all five of them were in full flight down the cart-track that led to the main road, with the animals pursuing them in triumph.
Mrs. Jones looked out of the bedroom window, saw what was happening, hurriedly flung a few possessions into a carpet bag, and slipped out of the farm by another way.Moses sprang off his perch and flapped after her, croaking loudly.Meanwhile the animals had chased Jones and his men out on to the roadand slammed the five-barred gate behind them.And so, almost before they knew what was happening, the Rebellion had been successfully carried through：Jones was expelled, and the Manor Farm was theirs.
For the first few minutes the animals could hardly believe in their good fortune. Their first act was to gallop in a body right round the boundaries of the farm, as though to make quite sure that no human being was hiding anywhere upon it；then they raced back to the farm buildings to wipe out the last traces of Jones's hated reign.The harness-room at the end of the stables was broken open；the bits, the nose-rings, the dog-chains, the cruel knives with which Mr.Jones had been used to castrate the pigs and lambs, were all flung down the well.The reins, the halters, the blinkers, the degrading nosebags, were thrown on to the rubbish fire which was burning in the yard.So were the whips.All the animals capered with joy when they saw the whips going up in flames.Snowball also threw on to the fire the ribbons with which the horses'manes and tails had usually been decorated on market days.
“Ribbons，”he said，“should be considered as clothes, which are the mark of a human being. All animals should go naked.”
When Boxer heard this he fetched the small straw hat which he wore in summer to keep the flies out of his ears, and flung it on to the fire with the rest.
In a very little while the animals had destroyed everything that reminded them of Mr. Jones.Napoleon then led them back to the store-shed and served out a double ration of corn to everybody, with two biscuits for each dog.Then they sang Beasts of England from end to end seven times running, and after that they settled down for the night and slept as they had never slept before.
But they woke at dawn as usual, and suddenly remembering the glorious thing that had happened, they all raced out into the pasture together. A little way down the pasture there was a knoll that commanded a view of most of the farm.The animals rushed to the top of it and gazed round them in the clear morning light.Yes, it was theirs-everything that they could see was theirs！In the ecstasy of that thought they gambolled round and round, they hurled themselves into the air in great leaps of excitement.They rolled in the dew, they cropped mouthfuls of the sweet summer grass, they kicked up clods of the black earth and snuffed its rich scent.Then they made a tour of inspection ofthe whole farm and surveyed with speechless admiration the ploughland, the hayfield, the orchard, the pool, the spinney.It was as though they had never seen these things before, and even now they could hardly believe that it was all their own.
Then they filed back to the farm buildings and halted in silence outside the door of the farmhouse. That was theirs too, but they were frightened to go inside.After a moment, however, Snowball and Napoleon butted the door open with their shoulders and the animals entered in single file, walking with the utmost care for fear of disturbing anything.They tiptoed from room to room, afraid to speak above a whisper and gazing with a kind of awe at the unbelievable luxury, at the beds with their feather mattresses, the looking-glasses, the horsehair sofa, the Brussels carpet, the lithograph of Queen Victoria over the drawing-room mantelpiece.They were lust coming down the stairs when Mollie was discovered to be missing.Going back, the others found that she had remained behind in the best bedroom.She had taken a piece of blue ribbon from Mrs.Jones's dressing-table, and was holding it against her shoulder and admiring herself in the glass in a very foolish manner.The others reproached her sharply, and they went outside.Some hams hanging in the kitchen were taken out for burial, and the barrel of beer in the scullery was stove in with a kick from Boxer's hoof, otherwise nothing in the house was touched.A unanimous resolution was passed on the spot that the farmhouse should be preserved as a museum.All were agreed that no animal must ever live there.
The animals had their breakfast, and then Snowball and Napoleon called them together again.
“Comrades，”said Snowball，“it is half-past six and we have a long day before us. Today we begin the hay harvest.But there is another matter that must be attended to first.”
The pigs now revealed that during the past three months they had taught themselves to read and write from an old spelling book which had belonged to Mr. Jones's children and which had been thrown on the rubbish heap.Napoleon sent for pots of black and white paint and led the way down to the five-barred gate that gave on to the main road.Then Snowball（for it was Snowball whowas best at writing）took a brush between the two knuckles of his trotter, painted out MANOR FARM from the top bar of the gate and in its place painted ANIMAL FARM.This was to be the name of the farm from now onwards.After this they went back to the farm buildings, where Snowball and Napoleon sent for a ladder which they caused to be set against the end wall of the big barn.They explained that by their studies of the past three months the pigs had succeeded in reducing the principles of Animalism to Seven Commandments.These Seven Commandments would now be inscribed on the wall；they would form an unalterable law by which all the animals on Animal Farm must live for ever after.With some difficulty（for it is not easy for a pig to balance himself on a ladder）Snowball climbed up and set to work, with Squealer a few rungs below him holding the paint-pot.The Commandments were written on the tarred wall in great white letters that could be read thirty yards away.They ran thus：THE SEVEN COMMANDMENTS
1.Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.
2.Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.
3.No animal shall wear clothes.
4.No animal shall sleep in a bed.
5.No animal shall drink alcohol.
6.No animal shall kill any other animal.
7.All animals are equal.
It was very neatly written, and except that“friend”was written“freind”and one of the“S's”was the wrong way round, the spelling was correct all the way through. Snowball read it aloud for the benefit of the others.All the animals nodded in complete agreement, and the cleverer ones at once began to learn the Commandments by heart.
“Now, comrades，”cried Snowball, throwing down the paint-brush，“to the hayfield！Let us make it a point of honour to get in the harvest more quickly than Jones and his men could do.”
But at this moment the three cows, who had seemed uneasy for some time past, set up a loud lowing. They had not been milked for twenty-four hours, and their udders were almost bursting.After a little thought, the pigs sent forbuckets and milked the cows fairly successfully, their trotters being well adapted to this task.Soon there were five buckets of frothing creamy milk at which many of the animals looked with considerable interest.
“What is going to happen to all that milk？”said someone.
“Jones used sometimes to mix some of it in our mash，”said one of the hens.
“Never mind the milk, comrades！”cried Napoleon, placing himself in front of the buckets.“That will be attended to. The harvest is more important.Comrade Snowball will lead the way.I shall follow in a few minutes.Forward, comrades！The hay is waiting.”
So the animals trooped down to the hayfield to begin the harvest, and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared.第三章 Chapter 3导读
整个夏天，动物庄园都笼罩在欣喜热烈的气氛中，猪想出办法指挥大家干活，各种动物都勤勤恳恳，这是它们第一次为自己干活，除了爱慕虚荣的莫丽和不可捉摸的猫外，没有一个动物好吃懒做。老马拳手比往常更加勤劳，比其他动物提早起床干活，连鸡鸭们也积极运用起不了什么作用的嘴帮忙衘草。很快，动物们就积聚了成堆的粮食。每个星期天动物们都举行仪式，先升起画有蹄子和犄角的绿旗，召开全体动物参加的碰头会；然后在《英格兰的牲畜》的歌声中结束。碰头会上，几乎都是猪来安排工作、讨论提议，但是，最活跃的拿破仑和雪球总是发生争吵，一个否决另一个。猪们成立了指挥室，每晚都拿着从琼斯家里翻来的书籍来到指挥室，学习各种知识技艺。雪球还忙于成立各种俱乐部委员会，除了学习班取得巨大成效外，其他都以失败告终。
庄园里的每个动物差不多都被扫了盲。不少动物都能念出几个字母，其中，母羊穆丽尔学得不错，驴子本杰明几乎可以与猪媲美。几乎所有的动物都能熟背“七诫”。禽鸟们反对“两条腿是敌人”的说法，但被雪球聪明地解释了过去。拿破仑强调教育的重要性，它将狗们刚产下的九条幼崽带到一个没什么人的地方，其他动物很快便忘了狗崽们的存在。牛奶和苹果都被猪占领了。每当其他动物准备抱怨时，善于鼓动的声响器就宣扬猪是脑力劳动者，所做的一切都是为了抵抗人类的反击。ow they toiled and sweated to get the hay in！But their efforts wererewarded, for the harvest was an even bigger success than Hthey had hoped.
Sometimes the work was hard；the implements had been designed for human beings and not for animals, and it was a great drawback that no animal was able to use any tool that involved standing on his hind legs. But the pigs were so clever that they could think of a way round every difficulty.As for the horses, they knew every inch of the field, and in fact understood the business of mowing and raking far better than Jones and his men had ever done.The pigs did not actually work, but directed and supervised the others.With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership.Boxer and Clover would harness themselves to the cutter or the horse-rake（no bits or reins were needed in these days, of course）and tramp steadily round and round the field with a pig walking behind and calling out“Gee up, comrade！”or“Whoa back, comrade！”as the case might be.And every animal down to the humblest worked at turning the hay and gathering it.Even the ducks and hens toiled to and fro all day in the sun, carrying tiny wisps of hay in their beaks.In the end they finished the harvest in two days'less time than it had usually taken Jones and his men.Moreover, it was the biggest harvest that the farm had ever seen.There was no wastage whatever；the hens and ducks with their sharp eyes had gathered up the very last stalk.And not an animal on the farm had stolen so much as a mouthful.
All through that summer the work of the farm went like clockwork. The animals were happy as they had never conceived it possible to be.Every mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure, now that it was truly their own food, produced by themselves and for themselves, not doled out to them by a grudging master.With the worthless parasitical human beings gone, there was more for everyone to eat.There was more leisure too, inexperienced though the animals were.They met with many difficulties, for instance, later in the year, when they harvested the corn, they had to tread it out in the ancient style and blow away the chaff with their breath, since the farm possessed no threshing machine, but the pigs with their cleverness and Boxer with his tremendous muscles always pulled them through.Boxer was the admiration ofeverybody.He had been a hard worker even in Jones's time, but now he seemed more like three horses than one；there were days when the entire work of the farm seemed to rest on his mighty shoulders.From morning to night he was pushing and pulling, always at the spot where the work was hardest.He had made an arrangement with one of the cockerels to call him in the mornings half an hour earlier than anyone else, and would put in some volunteer labour at whatever seemed to be most needed, before the regular day's work began.His answer to every problem, every setback, was“I will work harder！”-which he had adopted as his personal motto.
But everyone worked according to his capacity The hens and ducks, for instance, saved five bushels of corn at the harvest by gathering up the stray grains. Nobody stole, nobody grumbled over his rations, the quarrelling and biting and jealousy which had been normal features of life in the old days had almost disappeared.Nobody shirked-or almost nobody.Mollie, it was true, was not good at getting up in the mornings, and had a way of leaving work early on the ground that there was a stone in her hoof.And the behaviour of the cat was somewhat peculiar.It was soon noticed that when there was work to be done the cat could never be found.She would vanish for hours on end, and then reappear at meal-times, or in the evening after work was over, as though nothing had happened.But she always made such excellent excuses, and purred so affectionately, that it was impossible not to believe in her good intentions.Old Benjamin, the donkey, seemed quite unchanged since the Rebellion.He did his work in the same slow obstinate way as he had done it in Jones's time, never shirking and never volunteering for extra work either.About the Rebellion and its results he would express no opinion.When asked whether he was not happier now that Jones was gone, he would say only“Donkeys live a long time.None of you has ever seen a dead donkey，”and the others had to be content with this cryptic answer.
On Sundays there was no work. Breakfast was an hour later than usual, and after breakfast there was a ceremony which was observed every week without fail.First came the hoisting of the flag.Snowball had
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