作者：新东方考试研究中心
出版社：浙江教育出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
四级晨读美文：趣味时文篇试读：
PASSAGE 001
扫码听音频向日葵又名朝阳花，因其花常朝向太阳而得名。然而，英语中称之为sunflower却不是因为它的这一特性，而是因为其黄花开似太阳的缘故。向日葵喜欢充足的阳光，其幼苗、叶片和花盘都有很强的向光性。生活中，向往光明的向日葵总是能够带给人美好的希望和满满的正能量。Why Young Sunflowers Follow the Sun?为什么向日葵幼株会向阳？
Every day, young sunflowers follow the sun like spectators at an incredibly slow tennis match. But scientists have never known why, or why the tracking stops when they become adults. Now, a new study suggests that this daily sun worship is guided by circadian rhythms during development. In a series of experiments, scientists tied down young plants to prevent them from moving or rotated them so they were facing the wrong way when the sun rose. When the plants’ normal movements were thwarted , they grew far more slowly than regular sunflowers, with about a 10% decrease in both biomass and leaf area.
Researchers say the rhythmic tracking helps the plants grow bigger, allowing them to add cells on whichever side is doing the “stretching”: the east side during the day and the west side at night. When the sunflowers finally settle down and stop this daily tracking, their position also gives them an advantage, researchers report this week inScience. A second set of experiments showed that mature plants’ permanent eastward orientation makes for warmer flower faces, which may be responsible for a large increase in pollinator visits—five times more than in mature plants that face west. Looks like following the sun is more than just a spectator sport!
每天，向日葵幼株都会追随太阳，就像观众观看一场慢镜头下的网球比赛一样。但科学家们从未找到这种现象的原因，或者说为什么向日葵成熟后就停止了这一行为。现在，一项新研究表明，在向日葵的生长过程中，这种每日对太阳的崇敬是由昼夜节律引导的。在一系列的研究中，科学家将向日葵幼株捆绑起来以阻止它们转动，或者是在日出的时候让它们面朝相反的方向。当植物的正常运动受到阻碍后，它们比普通的向日葵生长缓慢许多，生物量和叶面也下降了10%。
研究人员说，这种有规律的追随可以让植物的生长更加旺盛，使“拉伸”的那一边增加细胞：白天东侧，夜晚西侧。研究人员在本周的《科学》中报告说，当向日葵最终稳定下来，不再每日追随太阳时，它们的朝向也对自己有好处。另一系列的研究表明，成熟植株常年向东可以使花的表面更加温暖，这或许是明显有了更多的昆虫来传粉的原因——比面朝西边的成熟植物多5倍的几率。看来追随太阳可不仅仅只是一场有观赏性的活动！巧记词汇
incredibly [ɪnˈkredəbli]
ad.非常地；难以置信地
拓 unbelievable [ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl]
a.难以置信的
tracking [trækɪŋ]
n.追踪
拓 follow [ˈfɒləʊ]
v.跟随
circadian [sɜːˈkeɪdiən]
a.生理节奏的
拓 biological [ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl]
a.生物学的
thwart [θwɔːt]
v.阻挠，阻止
拓 prevent [prɪˈvent]
v.阻止
biomass [ˈbaɪəʊmæs]
n.生物量
拓 mass [mæs]
n.许多，大量
permanent [ˈpɜːmənənt]
a.永恒的
拓 everlasting [ˌevəˈlɑːstɪŋ]
a.永恒的
orientation [ˌɔːriənˈteɪʃn]
n.方向
拓 direction [dɪˈrekʃn]
n.方向
pollinator [ˈpɒləneɪtə(r)]
n.传粉媒介
拓 pollen [ˈpɒlən]
n.花粉趣学短语
1 settle down 安定下来；专心于
[例]He realized that he was not ready to settle down so he declined his mother's advice to become a civil servant and went abroad to learn music. 他意识到自己还没准备好安定下来，于是婉拒了母亲让他去做一名公务员的提议，而是去国外学习音乐。
2 be responsible for 是……的原因；对……负责
[例]Our background and the environment in which we were brought up may have influenced who we are, but we are responsible for who we become in the future. 我们成长的家庭背景和环境可能对我们的现状产生过一些影响，但是将来我们会是什么样子则是由我们自己决定的。
PASSAGE 002
扫码听音频说到艺术，我们总是不难想到梵高和他的经典画作。然而梵高一生却只卖出去过一幅画，贫困潦倒一世的窘迫与他杰出的艺术才华相比，无疑是巨大的讽刺。所幸的是，物欲横流的今天，仍然有莘莘学子走在追求艺术的道路上，不忘初心。Starving but Happy穷并快乐着
There's a reason most parents discourage their kids from becoming art majors: Unemployment is high, and even employed artists earn little pay. Yet there are still a large number of people who would like to work as an artist. The reason? Artists have higher job satisfaction than the rest of us, according to a study published this month in theJournal of Cultural Economics. Researchers analyzed job data in Germany, which included information on how fulfilled people felt in their current positions. On a scale of 1 to 10, artists—those whose principal occupation involves performance or visual art—ranked their job satisfaction at 7.32 to 7.67 on average, while non-artists averaged 7.06. The root of this satisfaction remains unclear. More artists than non-artists reported being self-employed, which suggests that autonomy influences job satisfaction, but data linking fulfillment to other predicted variables —such as a wide diversity of available jobs and high levels of on-the-job learning—were statistically inconclusive . So perhaps, in answer to the centuries-old question, Mona Lisa's smile may simply have been a reflection of Leonardo da Vinci's cheery outlook.
许多父母不鼓励他们的孩子选择艺术专业，原因是：失业率很高，即使有工作也收入微薄。但还是有很多人想要从事艺术行业，原因何在？本月的《文化经济学杂志》上刊登的一项研究表明，和我们从事其他行业的人相比，艺术家对工作的满意度更高。研究人员分析了德国的工作数据，其中包括人们对目前职位的满足感。满意度从1到10打分，艺术家——主要职业包括表演或视觉艺术——对工作满意度的平均分数在7.32到7.67之间，而其他人的平均分数为7.06。这种满足感的根源目前还不清楚。比起从事其他工作的人，有更多的艺术家是自由工作者，这表明自主权影响着职业满意度，但和满足感相关的其他预测变量的数据——广泛的就业渠道以及高水平的在职学习——仍不确定。也许，该项研究也回答了一个历史悠久的问题，即蒙娜丽莎的微笑恰恰反映出列奥纳多·达·芬奇乐观的人生态度。巧记词汇
unemployment [ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt]
n.失业
拓 employment [ɪmˈplɔɪmənt]
n.就业
fulfilled [fʊlˈfɪld]
a.满足的
拓 satisfied [ˈsætɪsfaɪd]
a.满意的
principal [ˈprɪnsəpl]
a.主要的
拓 principle [ˈprɪnsəpl]
n.原则
occupation [ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn]
n.职业
拓 profession [prəˈfeʃn]
n.职业
autonomy [ɔːˈtɒnəmi]
n.独立自主
拓 independence [ˌɪndɪˈpendəns]
n.独立
variable [ˈveəriəbl]
n.可变的事物
拓 change [tʃeɪndʒ]
v.改变
inconclusive [ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv]
a.非结论性的
拓 conclusion [kənˈkluːʒn]
n.结论
cheery [ˈtʃɪəri]
a.兴高采烈的
拓 cherry [ˈtʃeri]
n.樱桃趣学短语
1 discourage sb. from doing sth. 劝某人不要做某事
[例]It's of great importance to stand up for your opinions and follow your dream, even if there are lots of well-meaning people who try to discourage you from doing that. 坚持自己的观点和追求自己的梦想十分重要，即使是有很多善意的人试图劝你不要那样去做。
2 be a reflection of 是……的反映
[例]Living a messy life would be a reflection of your mind activity and it means it's time for you to clear your mind and make changes. 你的生活乱作一团或许是你心理活动的反映，这意味着你该清理思绪并做出改变了。
PASSAGE 003
扫码听音频列夫·托尔斯泰曾经说过：“幸福的家庭都是相似的，不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。”一项研究表明，在奥运会赛场上，胜利的表情也是相似的。运动员们在接受赛后采访时表现出来的发自内心的欣喜和激动无疑是对体育运动精神最好的诠释。Olympic Triumph Is a Universal Expression奥运会上获胜的表情是相通的
According to a study, the fist-pumping, chest-swelling, grimacing roar that an Olympic judo player emits after body-slamming his opponent deserves a spot on the list of universally recognized expressions such as anger and happiness. Researchers asked American and South Korean volunteers—whom psychologists recognize as having strikingly different cultures—to look at pictures of Olympic judo players from 17 countries that were taken just after when they won matches in the Olympic games. Traditionally, psychologists have described the puffed-up physical reaction to winning—seen in this 2008 Olympics photo of U.S. swimmer Michael Phelps—as “pride”. However, when asked to choose among a selection of emotions to describe the players’ reactions, such as anger, joy, surprise, fear, triumph, and pride, the viewers consistently chose “triumph” to describe the expression instead. According to the study, pride arises from a positive self-assessment a few moments after combat , generally producing a small smile and an easy, open stance . In contrast, triumph is an instant reaction to winning. By making the winner appear larger and more fearsome , triumph strengthens social dominance and advertises victory. In other words, we will rock you.
一项研究表明，奥运会柔道运动员在摔倒其对手后做出的握拳、扩胸和做鬼脸吼叫动作应该与生气和快乐一样，被视为举世公认的表情。研究人员让美国和韩国的志愿者（心理学家认为这两个国家有着截然不同的文化）观看来自17个国家的柔道运动员的图片，这些图片都是在运动员刚刚在奥运比赛中获胜之后拍摄的。以前，心理学家们习惯于将这种趾高气昂的生理反应——就像美国游泳健将迈克尔·菲尔普斯在2008年奥运会上的表情——认定为“骄傲”。然而，当志愿者们被要求从一些词语中（比如生气、高兴、惊喜、害怕、胜利以及骄傲）选择其中一个来描述运动员的表情时，所有人一致选择了“胜利”来描述这一表情。根据这项研究，骄傲是竞技活动后的一段时间内由积极的自我评价引起的，通常表现为微笑或者是从容坦荡的站姿。相比之下，胜利是对赢得比赛的即时反应。胜利使运动员看起来更加高大可畏，这也增强了社会支配性并将胜利结果广而告之。换句话说就是，我们要震慑住你！巧记词汇
triumph [ˈtraɪʌmf]
n.胜利；欢欣
拓 satisfaction [ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn]
n.满足
grimace [ɡrɪˈmeɪs]
v.扮鬼脸
拓 grace [ɡreɪs]
n.优雅
emit [iˈmɪt]
v.发出
拓 send out 发出
strikingly [ˈstraɪkɪŋli]
ad.显著地
拓 obviously [ˈɒbviəsli]
ad.明显地
puffed-up [pʌftˈʌp]
a.傲气十足的
拓 proud [praʊd]
a.骄傲的
combat [ˈkɒmbæt]
n.格斗，战斗
拓 fighting [ˈfaɪtɪŋ]
n.战斗，搏斗
stance [stæns]
n.站立姿势；态度
拓 position [pəˈzɪʃn]
n.姿态；看法
fearsome [ˈfɪəsəm]
a.可怕的
拓 frightening [ˈfraɪtnɪŋ]
a.吓人的
strengthen [ˈstreŋθn]
v.巩固；加强
拓 weaken [ˈwiːkən]
v.削弱，减弱趣学短语
1 arise from 由……引起，产生
[例]Our beliefs may arise from our experience in the world. 我们的信念可能源自我们对世界的体验。
2 in other words 换句话说
[例]You can't have your cake and eat it too. In other words, when you are facing two choices, you need to figure out and choose what is more important to you and give up the other. That can be tough, but you have to make it. Life is never perfect and we should learn to be content. 鱼和熊掌不可兼得。换句话说，当你面对两种选择时，你必须弄清楚并选择对你来说更重要的那个，并且放弃另外一个。做到这一点很难，但是你不得不这么做。生活从来都不是完美的，而我们应该学会知足。
PASSAGE 004
扫码听音频当汽车行驶在藏区时，令人想要驻足的除了车窗外似乎触手可及的云彩之外，还有在低海拔地区不易见到的成群的牦牛，有时候还会看到牦牛身上系了彩色的带子，那是牧民给自家牛群做的标记。牦牛和普通的牛相像，但是也有很多独特之处，高大威猛，算得上是牛群中的“高富帅”！What Gets Yaks High?为何牦牛没有高原反应？
Nomads on the Tibetan plateau have relied on yaks instead of cows as their beasts of burden for the past 4,000 years. Although the two are closely related—having diverged only 4.9 million years ago, around the same time that humans and chimpanzees parted ways—the domestic yak is superbly better adapted to the region's extreme elevations , which can exceed 4,500 meters. Now researchers have uncovered the genetics behind this ability. It is reported inNature that the genome of a female domestic yak reveals several genes that make it better suited for heights. Three genes help the animal regulate its body's response to oxygen deprivation , at high-altitudes, and five genes help it optimize the energy it gets from its food, which is scarce on the plateau. By understanding which genes are needed to live successfully at high elevations, the researchers say, scientists may be able to better treat and prevent altitude sickness and hypoxia-related complications such as high altitude cerebral edema and high altitude pulmonary edema, which can be fatal to humans.
过去四千年以来，青藏高原上的游牧民一直依靠牦牛而不是奶牛驮运东西。虽然这两种动物的亲缘关系很近——490万年前才分化，跟人类与黑猩猩分化时期差不多——家养牦牛对该地区超过4 500米的极高海拔拥有更强的适应性。现在，研究人员发现了这种适应能力背后的基因特征。《自然》杂志报道称，雌性家养牦牛基因组中含有一些使其更加适应高海拔的基因。三种基因帮助牦牛调节身体应对高海拔的缺氧，还有五种基因帮助其最大程度地优化从食物中获取的能量。食物在高原十分稀缺。通过了解在高海拔地区成功存活的必需基因，研究人员称，科学家们或许可以更好地治疗和预防高原反应以及与缺氧相关的并发症，如高原脑水肿和高原肺水肿，这些疾病对人类来说都是致命的。巧记词汇
yak [jæk]
n.牦牛
拓 cow [kaʊ]
n.奶牛
nomad [ˈnəʊmæd]
n.游牧民
拓 tribe [traɪb]
n.部落
diverge [daɪˈvɜːdʒ]
v.分开；背离
拓 verge [vɜːdʒ]
n.边缘
elevation [ˌelɪˈveɪʃn]
n.海拔
拓 altitude [ˈæltɪtjuːd]
n.海拔；高度
uncover [ʌnˈkʌvə(r)]
v.揭露；发现
拓 cover [ˈkʌvə(r)]
v.遮掩，覆盖
deprivation [ˌdeprɪˈveɪʃn]
n.剥夺；缺乏
拓 deprive of 剥夺
fatal [ˈfeɪtl]
a.致命的
拓 fate [feɪt]
n.命运趣学短语
1 rely on 依靠，依赖
[例]It is much more objective to rely on the facts than our feelings. 依靠事实比依靠我们的感觉要客观得多。
2 adapt to 适应（新环境等）
[例]It takes time for Mike to work through what's happened and adapt to new circumstances. 迈克需要时间去消化所发生的事情并适应新环境。
PASSAGE 005
扫码听音频近年来，对于脂肪是导致肥胖的元凶这一说法有了越来越多的质疑，甚至有营养学家指出碳水化合物才是致人发胖的罪魁祸首，而脂肪有益无害。然而，这些说法都还有待时间来证明。可以确定的是，注重饮食健康永远都没有错。Eating Fat Will Not Make You Fat?摄入脂肪不会发胖？
A new report claims eating fat does not make you fat, saturated fat is not bad for the heart and advice to lower cholesterol is plain wrong.
Nutritionists and public health experts are in meltdown over the report claiming that fat is good for us. Against the conventional thinking, the National Obesity Forum and a new group calling itself the Public Health Collaboration, say eating fat, including butter, cheese and meat, will help people lose weight and combat type 2 diabetes and that the official advice is plain wrong.
A furious Public Health England has come out with all guns blazing. It says this is “irresponsible and misleads the public” and most of the public health establishment agrees.
It is the latest battle in the food wars and will not be the last. It may seem obvious that we are what we eat, but scientists struggle to work out exactly what that means. Sugar, by now, is well known to be the enemy of good health. Few outside of the food and soft drinks industry argue over that any more. However, the effects of fat—and importantly, different kinds of fats—are strongly contested . The current dispute demonstrates , if nothing else, how passionate the debate over nutrition can be and how difficult it is to reach any sort of simple truth.
一份新的报告声称，摄入脂肪不会使你变得肥胖，饱和脂肪对心脏也并无害处，而且减少胆固醇的建议是完全错误的。
营养学家和公共卫生专家对脂肪有益于我们的说法感到十分崩溃。全国肥胖论坛和一个自称是公共卫生合作的新组织打破了传统观念，称摄入包括黄油、奶酪和肉类在内的脂肪能够帮助人们减肥，还能对抗Ⅱ型糖尿病，并直言官方建议大错特错。
英国公共卫生部门愤怒回击，称“这是不负责任的言辞，并且误导公众”。大部分公共卫生组织对此纷纷表示赞同。
这是食品行业的新一场战争，而且也绝不会是最后一场。很显然，我们的饮食决定了我们的健康，但科学家们努力找出其中的关联。目前来看，大部分人承认糖类是健康的天敌。除了食品和软饮行业外，其他行业对此都少有争议。然而，脂肪——更重要的是，不同种类的脂肪——它们的作用还备受争议。从最近的争论中可以看出，关于营养学的辩论十分激烈，想要达到统一的观点是十分困难的。巧记词汇
cholesterol [kəˈlestərɒl]
n.胆固醇
拓 fatty substance 脂肪性物质
conventional [kənˈvenʃənl]
a.传统的；常见的
拓 normal [ˈnɔːml]
a.平常的
combat [ˈkɒmbæt]
v.与……对抗
拓 fight [faɪt]
v.与……作斗争
diabetes [ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz]
n.糖尿病
拓 diagnose [ˈdaɪəɡnəʊz]
v.诊断
furious [ˈfjʊəriəs]
a.满腔愤怒的
拓 angry [ˈæŋɡri]
a.愤怒的
contest [ˈkɒntest]
v.争论
拓 dispute [dɪˈspjuːt]
n./v.争论
demonstrate [ˈdemənstreɪt]
v.证明
拓 show [ʃəʊ]
v.表明
nutrition [njuˈtrɪʃn]
n.营养
拓 nutritional [njuˈtrɪʃənl]
a.有营养的趣学短语
1 work out 解决；实现
[例]If something is not going well in your life, thinking happy thoughts will help you change your moods and things will hopefully be worked out soon. 假如你的生活中有什么事情进展不顺，回想一些幸福快乐的事情会帮助你调整情绪状态，问题也有望很快得到解决。
2 argue over 为……争论，辩论
[例]Scientists are still arguing over the best way to deal with global warming. 科学家对应对全球变暖的最佳办法仍然争执不休。
PASSAGE 006
扫码听音频在人们大力推崇美食的今天，各式各样的减肥方法也是层出不穷，其中，禁食减肥法虽然争议不断，但却在“减肥圈”流行已久。无论如何，身体健康永远是第一位的，减肥次之。对于“吃货”来说，吃饱了再减肥会是一个不错的建议吧！Fasting Diets Are Gaining Acceptance禁食减肥法逐渐得到认可
Mark Mattson, a neuroscientist at the National Institute on Aging in Maryland, has not had breakfast in more than 30 years. Most days he practices a form of fasting — skipping lunch, taking a midafternoon run, and then eating all of his daily calories (about 2,000) in the afternoon.
“Once you get used to it, it's not a big deal,” said Dr. Mattson. “I'm not hungry at all in the morning, and this is other people's experience as well. It's just a matter of getting adapted to it.”
In a culture in which it's customary to eat three large meals a day while snacking from morning to midnight, the idea of regularly skipping meals may sound extreme. But in recent years intermittent fasting has been gaining popular attention and scientific endorsement .
It has been promoted in best-selling books and endorsed by celebrities like the actors Hugh Jackman and Benedict Cumberbatch. The late-night talk show host Jimmy Kimmel claims that for the past two years he has followed an intermittent fasting program known as the 5:2 diet, which entails normal eating for five days and fasting for two—a practice Mr. Kimmel credits for his significant weight loss.
马里兰国家老龄化研究所的神经系统科学家马克·马特森已经30多年不吃早餐了。大多数日子里，他都采取一种禁食方法——不吃午饭，下午三点左右去跑步，然后下午的时候摄入他一天所需的全部热量（大约2000卡路里）。“一旦你习惯了这种方式，就没什么大不了的了，”马特森博士说道。“我早上一点儿都不饿，其他遵循这种模式的人也有同样的感觉。你只要适应了就没有问题。”
在一日三餐习以为常，并且从早到晚零食不断的文化背景下，长期不吃早饭、晚饭或许听起来有些极端。但近些年间歇性禁食已获得了广泛的关注和科学界的认可。
某些畅销书一直在宣传这种饮食方式，有些名人如休·杰克曼和本尼迪克特·康伯巴奇也对此推崇备至。深夜脱口秀主持人吉米·坎摩尔说，过去两年中，他一直奉行一种名为“5∶2节食”的间歇性禁食计划，即五天正常进食，两天断食——坎摩尔先生依靠这种方式减重不少。巧记词汇
fast [fɑːst]
v.禁食；斋戒
拓 fast [fɑːst]
a.快速的
skip [skɪp]
v.略过，跳过
拓 ski [skiː]
v.滑雪
customary [ˈkʌstəməri]
a.习惯的
拓 usual [ˈjuːʒuəl]
a.通常的
psnack [snæk]
v.吃点心或者小吃
拓 meal [miːl]
n.餐，饭食
intermittent [ˌɪntəˈmɪtənt]
a.间歇的
拓 constant [ˈkɒnstənt]
a.持续的
endorsement [ɪnˈdɔːsmənt]
n.认可；支持
拓 endorse [ɪnˈdɔːs]
v.认可，赞同
entail [ɪnˈteɪl]
v.牵涉；使必要
拓 involve [ɪnˈvɒlv]
v.涉及；包含趣学短语
get used to 习惯于
[例]You may not like getting up early in the morning at the beginning, but you will get used to it before long. 最开始你可能不喜欢早起，但是你很快就会习惯的。
PASSAGE 007
扫码听音频人们倾向于认为快乐是好的，而自动否定了诸如哀伤、愤怒等其他的基本情绪。殊不知，快乐也像是一个沙漏，我们越想抓住它，它就越可能从指缝间溜走，倒不如坦然承认自己也有其他的消极情绪并积极地面对，快乐或许会来得更加轻松和纯粹。Happiness Isn't the Be-all快乐不是人生的全部
Psychologist Iris Mauss at the University of California, Berkley found that the pursuit of happiness might just leave you worse off. “Wanting to be happy can make you less happy,” said Mauss in an interview. “If you explicitly and purposely focus on happiness, that appears to have a self-defeating quality.”
In her studies, participants who were not happy would begin blaming themselves for feeling sad. They thought it was an immediate flag for their failure, making these negative feelings even more counterproductive . The people who accepted these negative feelings as normal, however, were much happier in the long run. So, accepting your sadness could actually make you feel good.
Embracing our vast range of emotions could even increase our chances at survival. In his lesser-known bookThe Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, naturalist Charles Darwin points out the ways in which emotions help us to survive. He argues that when you feel fear or anger in a dangerous situation, you will likely respond by seeking safety.
For Darwin, emotions were very much tied to surviving, which requires more than just happiness.
So let's stop pursuing smiles and laughter and fun at the expense of everything else. Be open about how you're feeling, don't try to hide behind it or conceal it. Feelings should never make you feel guilty , and happiness isn't the be-all and end-all. It's just a feeling and you are so much more than that one feeling.
Plus, you're most alive when you're not just happy. Ask Darwin.
加州大学伯克利分校的心理学家埃利斯·莫斯发现，追求幸福反而可能会让你离幸福更远。“想要快乐会让你更不快乐，”在一次访谈中，莫斯说道。“如果你明确地专注于寻找快乐，似乎会适得其反。”
在研究中，她发现那些不快乐的调查对象会开始对心情沮丧感到自责。他们认为这是失败的明显标志，而这种想法又使自己的心情进一步恶化。而那些认为有负面情绪很正常的人，从长远来看，却更加快乐。因此，坦然接受你的沮丧实际上可以让你感觉更好。
欣然接受多样的情绪甚至可以增加我们存活的几率。自然学家查尔斯·达尔文在其所著的不太出名的《人与动物的情绪表达》一书中提到了情绪有助于我们生存的方法。他认为，当你在危险的情况下感到害怕或者生气时，你可能做出寻求安全的回应。
达尔文认为，情绪和生存息息相关，而生存需要的不仅仅是快乐。
所以让我们不要再为了寻找欢声笑语而牺牲其他所有事物。坦然地接受你的情绪，不要试图隐藏或者隐瞒。你永远都不应该为自己的情绪而感觉内疚，快乐并不是人生的全部，也不是终点。它只是你的一种感受，而你拥有的远远不只是这一种感受。
另外，你不快乐的时候不正是你活得最有活力的时候吗？问问达尔文吧。巧记词汇
pursuit [pəˈsjuːt]
n.追求
拓 pursue [pəˈsjuː]
v.追逐
explicitly [ɪkˈsplɪsɪtli]
ad.明确地
拓 specific [spəˈsɪfɪk]
a.明确的
purposely [ˈpɜːpəsli]
ad.故意地
拓 on purpose 故意地
self-defeating [ˌself dɪˈfiːtɪŋ]
a.适得其反的
拓 defeat [dɪˈfiːt]
v.击败，打败
participant [pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt]
n.参与者
拓 take part in 参加
flag [flæɡ]
n.标志；旗帜
拓 sign [saɪn]
n.征兆，迹象
counter-productive [ˌkaʊntə(r)prəˈdʌktɪv]
a.产生相反效果的
拓 productive [prəˈdʌktɪv]
a.富有成效的
embrace [ɪmˈbreɪs]
v.欣然接受；拥抱
拓 accept [əkˈsept]
v.接受
vconceal [kənˈsiːl]
v.隐瞒
拓 hide [haɪd]
v.隐藏
guilty [ˈɡɪlti]
a.内疚的
拓 guilt [ɡɪlt]
n.内疚趣学短语
1 leave sb. worse off 使某人比以前更不愉快、状况更糟
[例]Being obsessing about books may leave us worse off. Therefore, we need to make sure we still have enough time to exercise and play. 过度沉迷于书本可能会让我们的状况更加糟糕。因此，我们需要确保我们还有足够的时间锻炼和玩耍。
2 focus on 集中注意力于……；以……为重点
[例]When we say students should focus on study, it does not mean that students should only spend the whole day reading books and getting prepared for tests. 当我们说学生应该集中精力学习时，并不是说学生只应该全天看书和应对各种考试。
3 in the long run 从长远来看；终究
[例]Developing a good habit requires your sustained personal efforts, but it will make a difference in the long run. 养成一种好的习惯需要个人长期的努力，但是从长远来看，它会带来巨大的改变。
PASSAGE 008
扫码听音频广为人知的“孟母三迁”的故事体现了父母的良苦用心，也强调了良好教育环境的重要性。和以往相比，现在学校越来越注重创造积极而快乐的学习氛围。我们有理由相信，除了学生的学习体验和成绩，它还可以改变更多，包括人的心灵和社会的面貌。How a Happy School Can Help Students Succeed?学校快乐的气氛如何帮助学生走向成功？
Every day at Weiner Elementary School starts with a dance party, usually toBest Day of My Life by American Authors—and that's before the 7:50 a.m. bell even rings.
Then comes the morning assembly , where all 121 students and the staff gather for 20 minutes in the cafeteria of the school in Weiner. They sing songs and learn about an artist, a musician and an international city of the week.
A study published in theReview of Educational Research today suggests that school climate is something educators and communities should prioritize —especially as a way to bridge the achievement gap. The authors analyzed more than 15 years of research on schools worldwide, and found that positive school climate had a significant impact on academics . Besides, there's no link between school climate and socioeconomic status. In other words, there are plenty of happy schools in low- income neighborhoods, too.
This idea of creating a good school culture isn't new, but 2016 has been a big year for urging schools to measure it. For the first time ever, the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) requires states to include non-academic factors—like school climate—in how they evaluate school success.
There's still a lot of work to be done in terms of defining, and measuring, a school's climate. But the new study's co-author, Ron Avi Astor, says the best schools transcend the culture of the community around them. They may differ in design, but they can feel similar.
“They kind of see themselves as vehicles to change society—that these kids are going to go out and not just reflect where they came from and who they are, but change all that,” he says. “And those are the most exciting schools.”
在7:50上课铃声响起之前，维纳小学的学生们都会以一场舞会开始每一天，舞曲通常是美国作家乐队的《生命中最美好的一天》。
接着他们参加晨会，121名师生齐聚学校食堂20分钟，他们唱歌并且每周都要了解一名画家、一名音乐家和一座国际城市。
一项发表在《教育研究评论》杂志上的研究报告表明，教育氛围应该成为教育家和社区首要考虑的因素——特别是作为一种可以弥补学生成绩差异的方法。该研究报告的多位作者分析了对世界各地学校展开的为期超过15年的研究，发现积极的学校氛围对学习者有极其重大的影响。另外，学校氛围和社会经济状况并无关联。换句话说，低收入地区也有很多气氛快乐的学校。
培养优秀的学校文化这一观点并不陌生，但2016年时特别要求学校加入对这一因素的衡量。《让每一个学生成功法》首次要求各州
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