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聊城大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年聊城大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Grammar (30’)
Multiple Choice
Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
1. The victory _____ the soldiers with optimism.
A. approached
B. infused
C. influenced
D. brought【答案】B【解析】句意：这场胜利使士兵们充满信心。infuse使充满。approach接近。influence影响。bring带来。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
2. The _____ of the Titanic in 1912 was caused by a huge iceberg.
A. plunging
B. drowning
C. sinking
D. descending【答案】C【解析】句意：1912年的“泰坦尼克号”沉没事件是由一座巨大的冰山造成的。sink下沉。plunge投入。drown淹死。descend下降。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
3. Tomorrow the new priest will give his first _____ to the congregation.
A. speech
B. sermon
C. lecture
D. discourse【答案】B【解析】句意：明天新牧师将在集会上发表他的第一篇布道。sermon布道。speech演讲。lecture讲座。discourse演说。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
4. She has _____ influence with the manager.
A. considering
B. considerable
C. considerate
D. consideration【答案】B【解析】句意：她对经理影响巨大。considering考虑到……，为介词。considerable相当大的。considerate体贴的。consideration考虑，为名词。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
5. Dark clouds are gathering in the sky, and a storm is _____.
A. imminent
B. immediate
C. eminent
D. instantaneous【答案】A【解析】句意：空中乌云正在聚集，暴雨正在迫近。imminent迫近的。immediate立即的。eminent杰出的。instantaneous瞬间的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
6. H1N1 influenza usually has a _____ period of about 2 to 7 days.
A. tacit
B. covert
C. inert
D. latent【答案】D【解析】句意：H1N1流感通常有2到7天潜伏期。latent潜伏的，latent period意为“潜伏期”，为固定搭配。tacit缄默的。covert隐蔽的。inert惰性的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
7. These flowers need watering; otherwise, they will _____.
A. disappear
B. wither
C. flourish
D. blossom【答案】B【解析】句意：这些花需要浇水，否则就会枯萎。wither枯萎。disappear消失。flourish茂盛。blossom开花。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
8. The Dead Sea is _____ of any plant or animal life because of the extremely high content of salts.
A. devoid
B. minus
C. absent
D. empty【答案】A【解析】句意：死海由于盐分含量极高，其中没有任何植物或动物生存。devoid缺乏的，用法为be devoid of sth意为“毫无某物”。minus负的。absent缺席的。empty空的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
9. The article that you need is in the May 2009 _____ of Reader’s Digest.
A. journal
B. periodical
C. publication
D. issue【答案】D【解析】句意：你需要的文章在2009年五月号的《读者文摘》杂志上。在英语中表示报纸杂志的期数时用issue。journal日报。periodical期刊。publication出版物。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
10. I think my friends are spending the weekend with their _____ families.
A. respective
B. respectable
C. respected
D. respectful【答案】A【解析】句意：我认为我的朋友们都是和各自的家人一起过周末的。respective分别的。respectable值得尊敬的。respected受尊敬的。respectful恭敬的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
11. Johnson wished that he _____ last year.
A. had accompanied his father to Europe
B. accompanied his father to Europe
C. would have accompanied his father to Europe
D. should have accompanied his father to Europe【答案】C【解析】句意：John希望去年陪父亲一起去欧洲。由题意可知，wish后的从句表示与过去事实相反的愿望，应使用虚拟语气，结构为主语+wish (that)+从句主语+would/could have done…。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
12. These reasons make _____ for the children to receive higher education.
A.it is necessary
B. necessary
C. that necessary
D. it necessary【答案】D【解析】句意：这些理由使得孩子接受高等教育变得很有必要。make it+adj.意为“使它变得……”，为固定搭配，此处形容词为补语。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
13. One’s success is determined _____ by what he thinks as by what he does.
A. not so much
B.so not much
C.so much not
D. much not so【答案】A【解析】句意：一个人的成功并不特别取决于他的想法，而取决于他的行动。not so much…as…意为“与其说……不如说是……”，为固定搭配。根据题目后半句的as可判断应使用此结构。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
14. _____ have made life easier and more convenient is widely accepted.
A. What computers
B. Where computers
C. That computers
D. Computers【答案】C【解析】句意：电脑使生活更容易、更方便，这一点已经被广泛接受。该句中包含主语从句，由于从句描述的是一事实，故用that引导。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
15. The girl knows nobody in the city _____ him.
A. other than
B. another than
C. different from
D. similar with【答案】A【解析】句意：除了他，这女孩不认识这个城市里的任何人。other than除了。different from与……不同。similar with与……相似，不符合题意。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
16. Imagism _____ movement in the early 20th century Anglo-American poetry, was a reaction to Victorian sentimentalism.
A. was a
B. that a
C. a
D. that was a【答案】D【解析】句意：印象派是从20世纪早期英美诗歌起源的一场运动，是对维多利亚时代的感情主义的复古运动。该句结构完整，故逗号前只能是修饰“imagism”的定语从句，用that引导，且从句不能缺少谓语。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
17. Thomas Paine wrote during the American Revolution a series of articles, _____ was to inspire the American troops to continue their battle for independence from England.
A. whose purpose
B. its purpose
C. the purpose
D. purpose【答案】A【解析】句意：托马斯·潘恩在美国革命期间写了一系列故事，目的是鼓舞美国军队继续从英国手中赢得独立的战争。根据句子结构可知逗号后应为非限制性定语从句，根据句意可知这里表达的是“托马斯·潘恩的目的”，用whose引导。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
18. Living in modern society, people should be _____ stress.
A. able of handling
B. able to handle
C. capable to handle
D. enable to handle【答案】B【解析】句意：在现代社会生活的人们能够处理压力。表示“能力”时可使用结构be able to do sth./be capable of doing sth.。enable意为“使能够”，用法为enable sb. to do sth.。只有B项符合语法。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
19. It is required that the project _____ before 2012.
A. is completed
B.be completed
C.to be completed
D. will be completed【答案】B【解析】句意：按要求，这项工程应该在2012年前完成。it is required that…句型后接that从句时，从句用should+动词原形，should可以省略。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
20. Susan did not hand in her assignment this morning because she had forgotten _____.
A. bringing it with her
B. to bringing it with her
C. about bringing it with her
D. to bring it with her【答案】D【解析】句意：Susan今天早晨没有交作业，因为她忘了带。forget to do sth.意为“忘记去做某事”，表示没有做应该做的事。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (40’)
Section I Multiple Choice (20’)
Directions: In this section there are 2 reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage A
Our love affair with sugar and also with salt, another crucial but not always available part of the diet goes back millions of years. But humanity’s appetite for animal fat and protein is probably more recent. It was some 2.5 million years ago that our hominid ancestors developed a taste for meat. The fossil record shows that the human brain became markedly bigger and more complex about the same time. And indeed, according to Katherine Milton, an anthropologist at the University of California, Berkeley, “the incorporation of animal matter into the diet played an absolutely essential role in human evolution.”
For starters, meat provided a concentrated source of protein, vitamins, minerals and fatty acids that helped our human ancestors grow taller. The first humans were the size of small chimps, but the bones of a Homo ergaster boy dating back about 1.5 million years suggest that he could have stood more than 6 ft. as an adult. Besides building our bodies, says Emory University’s Dr. S. Boyd Eaton, the fatty acids found in animal-based foods would have served as a powerful raw material for the growth of human brains.
Because it’s so packed with nutrients, meat gave early humans a respite from constant feeding. Like lions and tigers, they didn’t have to cat around the clock just to keep going. But more important, unlike the big cats, which rely mostly on strength and speed to bring down dinner, our ancestors depended on guile, organization and the social and technological skills made possible by their increasingly complex brains. Those who were smartest about hunting and about gathering the plant foods they ate as part of their omnivorous diets tended to be better fed and healthier than the competition. They were thus more likely to pass along their genes.
The new appetite for meat didn’t mean we lost our passion for sweets, though. As Berkeley’s Milton points out, the brain’s growth may have been facilitated by abundant animal protein, but the brain operates on glucose, the sugar that serves as the major fuel for cellular function. “The brain drinks glucose 24 hours a day,” she says. The sugars in fruit and the carbohydrates in edible grains and tubers are particularly good sources of glucose.
The appetite for meat and sweets were essential to human survival, but they didn’t lead to obesity for several reasons. For one thing, the wild game our ancestors ate was high in protein but very low’ in fat only about 4%, compared with up to 36% in grain-fed supermarket beef. For another, our ancestors couldn’t count on a steady supply of any particular food. Hunters might bring down a deer or a rabbit or nothing at all. Fruit might be in season, or it might not. A chunk of honeycomb might have as many calories as half a dozen Krispy Kreme doughnuts, but you might be able to get it once a year at best—and it wouldn’t have the fat.
Beyond that, hunting and gathering took enormous physical work. Chasing wild animals with spears and clubs was a marathon undertaking and then you had to hack up the catch and lug it miles back to camp. Climbing trees to find nuts and fruit was hard work too. In essence, early humans ale what amounted to the best of the high-protein Atkins diet and the low-fat Ornish diet, and worked out almost nonstop. To get a sense of their endurance, cardiovascular fitness, musculature and body fat, say evolutionary anthropologists, look at a modern marathon runner.
1. Which of the following first appeared as a staple part of human diet?
A. meat
B. sugar
C. protein
D. fat
2. The word “hominid” in Line 3, Paragraph 1 means _____.
A. intelligent
B. primitive
C. able
D. flexible
3. After meat became part of our ancestors’ diet, _____.
A. their bodies and brains were both improved
B. they no longer needed sweets
C. they began to cat around the clock just to keep going
D. they could depend mostly on strength and speed to obtain food
4. The major physical characteristics of early humans can be found in a modern _____.
A. scientist
B. marathon runner
C. child
D. man
5. According to the passage, the appetite for sweets and meat did not lead to obesity of our ancestors because all of the following EXCEPT _____.
A. the meat they ate was high in protein but low in fat
B. they tried to lose weight
C. they did not have a steady supply of any particular food
D. they needed to do enormous physical work【答案与解析】
1.B 文章第一段第一句提到“Our love affair with sugar and also with salt, another crucial but not always available part of the diet goes back millions of years.”，后文提到人类食用动物肉类和蛋白质比起对糖与盐的热爱则更晚一些。由此可知，人类最早大量食用的是糖类。故选B。
2.B 文章主要围绕着“原始人的食谱”展开讨论，而原始人是人类的祖先。由此可推测hominid ancestor指的是人类“原始的祖先”，hominid即指“原始的”。故选B。
3.A 文章第二段第一句提到“meat provided a concentrated source of protein…that helped our human ancestors grow taller.”，人类食谱中的肉提供了大量营养，使得人类能长得更高。结尾提到“Besides building our bodies…the fatty acids found in animal-based foods would have served as a powerful raw material for the growth of human brains.”，肉类中的脂肪酸可以给人类大脑提供生长原料。由此可知，人类食谱中的肉类可以让人类的身体和大脑能力都得到增强。故选A。
4.B 文章最后一段最后一句提到“To get a sense of their endurance, cardiovascular fitness, musculature and body fat, say evolutionary anthropologists, look at a modern marathon runner.”。由此可知，据研究，原始人的耐力、强健的心血管、肌肉组织和体脂含量都和现代的马拉松运动员差不多。故选B。
5.B 根据题干关键词“obesity”定位至文章倒数第二段。该段提到了一些原始人摄入肉类和糖，但不会导致肥胖的原因：原始人的食物是高蛋白、低脂肪的；特定食物供应来源不稳定。文章最后一段又提到原始人为了生存而进行的打猎和采集活动需要大量体力。原始人不会刻意去减肥。故B项错误。Passage B
There was a time when Americans thought they understood class. The upper crust vacationed in Europe and worshiped an Episcopal God. The middle class drove Ford Fair lanes, settled the San Fernando Valley and enlisted as company men. The working class belonged to the A.F.L.-C.I.O., voted Democratic and did not take cruises to the Caribbean.
Today, the country has gone a long way toward an appearance of classlessness. Americans of all sorts are awash in luxuries that would have dazzled their grandparents. Social diversity has erased many of the old markers. It has become harder to read people’s status in the clothes they wear, the cars they drive, the votes they cast, the god they worship, the color of their skin. The contours of class have blurred; some say they have disappeared.
But class is still a powerful force in American life. Over the past three decades, it has come to play a greater, not lesser, role in important ways. At a time when education matters more than ever, success in school remains linked tightly to class. At a time when the country is increasingly integrated racially, the rich are isolating themselves more and more. At a time of extraordinary-advances in medicine, class differences in health and lifespan are wide and appear to be widening.
And new research on mobility, the movement of families up and down the economic ladder, shows there is far less of it than economists once thought and less than most people believe. In fact, mobility, which once buoyed the working lives of Americans as it rose in the decades after World War II has lately flattened out or possibly even declined, many researchers say.
Mobility is the promise that lies at the heart of the American dream. It is supposed to take the sting out of the widening gulf between the have-mores and the have-nots. There are poor and rich in the United States, of course, the argument goes; but as long as one can become the other, as long as there is something close to equality of opportunity, the differences between them do not add up to class barriers.
However, the trends are broad and seemingly contradictory: the blurring of the landscape of class and the simultaneous hardening of certain class lines; the rise in standards of living while most people remain moored in their relative places.
Even as mobility seems to have stagnated, the ranks of the elite are opening. Today, anyone may have a shot at becoming a United States Supreme Court justice or a C.E.O. and there are more and more self-made billionaires. Only 37 members of last year’s Forbes 400. a list of the richest Americans, inherited their wealth, down from almost 200 in the mid-1980’s.
So it appears that while it is easier for a few high achievers to scale the summits of wealth, for many others it has become harder to move up from one economic class to another. Americans are arguably more likely than they were 30 years ago to end up in the class into which they were born.
A paradox lies at the heart of this new American meritocracy. Merit has replaced the old system of inherited privilege, in which parents to the manner born handed down the manor to their children. But merit, it turns out, is at least partly class-based. Parents with money, education and connections cultivate in their children the habits that the meritocracy rewards. When their children then succeed, their success is seen as earned.
The scramble to scoop up a house in the best school district, channel a child into the right preschool program or land the best medical specialist are all part of a quiet contest among social groups that the affluent and educated are winning in a rout.“The old system of hereditary barriers and clubby barriers has pretty much vanished.” said Eric Wanner, president of the Russell Sage Foundation, a social science research group in New York City that recently published a series of studies on the social effects of economic inequality.
In place of the old system, Dr. Wanner said, have arisen “new ways of transmitting advantage that are beginning to assert themselves.”
6. Which of the following leaves an impression on people that class distinctions are disappearing in America?
A. Americans of all sorts are enjoying luxuries.
B. Children of the wealthy families tend to be more successful in schools.
C. The rich receive better medical treatment.
D. The rich have a longer life span.
7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. Americans once thought that they understood what class meant.
B. America has become a classless country.
C. Class differences in some fields are widening.
D. Class is now playing a greater role in American society than before.
8. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the American dream?
A. Mobility is a core tenet of the American dream.
B. Americans are more likely than before to end up in the class into which they were born.
C. It has become more difficult for most people to realize the American dream.
D. Americans have given up their American dream.
9. What does the word ‘‘contradictory” in Line 1, Paragraph 6 mean?
A. conflicting
B. complementary
C. cooperative
D. harmonious
10. What is the correct expression about the American meritocracy?
A. Advancement is not based on individual ability or achievement.
B. Merit is class-based to some extent in America.
C. It fails to make those excellent people succeed.
D. Only the rich can benefit from the stem.【答案与解析】
6.A 文章第二段提到了美国阶级消失的一些表现：所有阶层的美国人都接受了奢侈品的洗礼；社会多元化抹除了一些旧的标志。由此可知，美国阶级消失的表现之一就是所有阶层的美国人都能享用奢侈品。故选A。
7.B 文章开头提到“There was a time when Americans thought they understood class.”；第三段第二句提到“Over the past three decades, it has come to play a greater, not lesser, role in important ways.”，结尾提到“At a time of extraordinary-advances in medicine, class differences in health and lifespan are wide and appear to be widening.”。因此A、C、D三项正确。文章第三段第一句提到“But class is still a powerful force in American life.”，由此可知美国还没有实现“无阶级”，因此B项错误。
8.D 文章第五段第一句提到“Mobility is the promise that lies at the heart of the American dream.”，流动性是美国梦的中心；第八段提到“Americans are arguably more likely than they were 30 years ago to end up in the class into which they were born.”；文中提到“流动性似乎已经停滞”，矛盾逐渐加大，由此可推断美国梦的实现变得更困难。故A、B、C三项正确。文中没有说到“美国人放弃了美国梦”，故D项错误。
9.A 文章第六段对潮流进行了解释：阶级景象的模糊化与同时出现的特定阶级分割线的加强；生活水平的提高与大多数人依旧停留在与他们相关的地方的情况。这些情况形成了对比，由此可知“contradictory”即表示这个意思。conflicting意为“矛盾的”，最符合题意。故选A。
10.D 文章倒数第四段提到在美国精英教育中，“Merit has replaced the old system of inherited privilege, in which parents to the manner born handed down the manor to their children.”；倒数第三段提到父母的这些做法都属于“a quiet contest among social groups that the affluent and educated are winning in a rout.”。由此可推断，只有富裕的、受过教育的社会群体才能成功。故选D。
Section 2 Answering questions (20’)
Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer on your answer sheet.
Questions 1~3
He sleeps the day away, and is irritable when he’s awake. She’s moody and mopes around. He cats everything or almost nothing. She hides in her room, shunning even the simplest chores. Does this sound like a teenager you know?
Neuroscientists suspect the adolescent brain is wired for emotional turbulence and retreat from the family. These tendencies may help teenagers separate from their parents and reach out to peers. But those same tendencies can make it hard to tell when the work of growing up is turning into a depression that deserves treatment. Roughly one out of 12 teens suffers significant depression before the age of 18. Girls, once they reach puberty, are twice as likely as boys to become depressed. Approximately half of the teenagers with untreated depression may attempt suicide, which remains the third leading cause of death in this age group.
Important differences separate the growing pains of adolescence from depression. A painful breakup, a rejection by peers, a bad grade or a humiliating disagreement with an adult may cause unhappiness or frustration for a few days. Depression dominates life for weeks or months, and may appear for no known reason. Depressed kids who may be biologically more vulnerable than others to environmental stress feel almost constantly miserable and enjoy very little. But depression isn’t always expressed as sadness. The teen may be irritable, or complain of headaches or stomach pains instead of describing a bad mood. Energy, sleep and appetite may suffer. Some depressed kids function poorly at school or withdraw from friends and family. And while it is normal for adolescents to think about mortality and the meaning of life, it’s not normal to be preoccupied with death or to seriously contemplate suicide.
Antidepressants are neither panacea nor poison, but they do help many kids. The worries about these drugs are famous. Right after starting an antidepressant, some kids do become more anxious or restless, and a few may have an increase in suicidal thoughts. But depression itself carries greater risks, it is much more likely to cause suicide, and it can thwart healthy development. Any teen starting anti-depressant therapy should be seen regularly by the prescribing doctor, and the family should call immediately if the child gets worse instead of better.
Medications are only part of good treatment, though. The measures that promote healthy adolescent growth also are helpful for depression. Moderate aerobic exercise relieved depressive symptoms in almost half of young adults in one recent study. Good sleeping and eating habits, while sometimes a tough sell to adolescents, can also improve mood. Psychotherapy can help teens figure out what makes them feel helpless or self-critical and develop strategies to put things right. And when adolescents latch on to an activity they value that also helps others, their mood improves, and so does their sense of self.
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