作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
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上海理工大学考博英语历年真题及详解试读：
2008年上海理工大学考博英语真题（含答案）
Part I Vocabulary (25 points )
Directions: There are 50 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B.,C. and D.. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
1.The police ______ her for hours about the murder.
A. chopped
B. washed
C. diced
D. grilled
2.The situation ______ over and soon people started shouting and fighting.
A. steamed
B. boiled
C. roasted
D. sliced
3. He sat in the corner, ______ with anger about the treatment he had received from his boss.
A. slipping
B. peeping
C. simmering
D. summarizing
4.I just let him ______ for a few hours before I told him the news.
A. dry
B. smoke
C. stew
D. bake
5. I don't want to listen to any more of your half- ______ ideas. Come back when you have some ideas that aren't impractical and stupid.
A. baked
B. peeled
C. rinsed
D. mashed
6. After such a terrible quarrel between Mary and Jane, any ______ would be out of the question.
A. reconciliation
B. reclamation
C. imitation
D. cooperation
7. My sister and I ______ in taking care of our sick mother.
A. alleviate
B. alter
C. alternate
D. shift
8. A priceless ______ was stolen from the art gallery last week.
A. curves
B. canvas
C. campus
D. census
9. He was relieved to hear from his surgeon that the tumor was not malignant; it was ______.
A. soft
B. gentle
C. kind
D. benign
10.Even though she was over 60, she had very little ______ on her face.
A. wrinkles
B. freckles
C. ripples
D. folds
11.It is necessary to strength the ______ of the allied countries.
A. sociology
B. solidarity
C. solidity
D. solitude
12. The bleach bottles carried the warning: "If ______ onto clothing, wash immediately!"
A. dispersed
B. smashed
C. splashed
D. accumulated
13.She tried to be angry, but she ______ herself by smiling.
A. betrayed
B. retreated
C. disclosed
D. discerned
14. After taking the pain-killer for three months, Doris was beginning to wonder if she was it.
A. adhered to
B. adapted to
C. affected by
D. addicted to
15.The photographic magazine my mother ______ to comes out every other week.
A. contributed
B. subscribed
C. purchased
D. ordered
16. The soldier hopefully ______ something open with anxious hands only to discover an empty can ______.
A. rigged
B. rippled
C. raped
D. ripped
17. Some people showed the signs of irritability and often complained this and that after a few days of sleep ______
A. consistency
B. discrepancy
C. deprivation
D. depression
18. I didn't understand his meaning, because his answer was.
A. definite
B. ambiguous
C. pronounced
D. ambitious
19.The policemen went into the area to ______ criminals who were hiding there.
A. flush out
B. take leave of
C. make a mess of
D. fish out
20.Water ______ more and more quickly as the temperature grew.
A. vanished
B. evaporated
C. ascended
D. condensed
21.No ______ from the rules will be allowed.
A. derivation
B. divorce
C. deviation
D. depreciation
22.Anger ______ within me when I heard of the injustice.
A. surged up
B. summoned up
C. mustered up
D. geared up
23.Can you ______ a way of helping her without her knowing it?
A. retrieve
B. contrive
C. discover
D. invent
24. At the memorial service, the president paid to the professor’s outstanding contribution to the educational cause.
A. tribune
B. attribute
C. attitude
D. tribute
25.Fill all the holes with ______ before you paint the wall.
A. pitch
B. plastic
C. plaster
D. gule
26.In the darkness we could see that he was one boat to another.
A. towing
B. tracing
C. tracking
D. toiling
27.The chairman is always elected by a (n) of the voters.
A. consent
B. consensus
C. conscience
D. election
28. In South Korea, the dissatisfied students classes and held demonstration in protest against corruption.
A. assaulted
B. anticipated
C. dismissed
D. boycotted
29.She was frightened, as she noticed there was something ______ in his eyes.
A. obedient
B. obscure
C. obscene
D. obvious
30. Modem printing equipment can quickly turn out ______ copies of textual or pictorial matter.
A. duplicate
B. imitative
C. double
D. anonymous
31.The young woman looked on in ______ at her daughter's sufferings.
A. advent
B. nuisance
C. agitation
D. agony
32.The old man for a little while, but he managed to keep his feet.
A. strolled
B. scattered
C. staggered
D. strove
33.The audience enthusiastically after the performance at the Grand Old Opera.
A. applauded
B. chatted
C. slapped
D. stamped
34.The old couple the past with a feeling of longing and respect.
A. contemned
B. contemplated
C. contaminated
D. consumed
35.The sunrise as seen from the top of the mountain was a tremendous .
A. spectator
B. spectacle
C. spectrum
D. speckle
36.Some old people to their lost youth.
A. cling
B. clasp
C. abide
D. stick
37. To keep his job, he ______ his own interests to the objectives of the company.
A. attributed
B. subtracted
C. contributed
D. subordinated
38.I can't believe that her parent's house is still ______ by oil lamp.
A. illustrated
B. emitted
C. illuminated
D. ventilated
39. We must ______ with the regulations , otherwise we must take the consequences.
A. comply
B. concede
C. defy
D. decline
40. As early as the eleventh century, the Pueblo people ______ in large cities that were constructed from boulders and mud bricks.
A. resigned
B. dwelt
C. retired
D. dwindled
41. The two girls quarreled the day before yesterday, but now they completely ______.
A. coincided
B. reckoned
C. reconciled
D. conceded
42.Be sure not to make the mistakes that cannot be ______.
A. reclaimed
B. retorted
C. rectified
D. renovated
43.The wagon trains had to ______ Indian territory to reach California.
A. transpose
B. traverse
C. transfer
D. transmit
44. A sudden breeze ______ the calm surface of the lake.
A. rippled
B. wrinkled
C. folded
D. ruptured
45.The electricity failure ______ the production of the factory.
A. corroded
B. lamed
C. magnified
D. crippled
46.The bus ______ to avoid striking a pedestrian.
A. swung
B. swerved
C. swayed
D. swarmed
47. He is still working very hard despite all the ______. I can't admiring his indomitable spirit.
A. adversities
B. anniversaries
C. universalities
D. adversaries
48. Make sure that you know what fixtures and ______ will be left at your new home.
A. affiliates
B. linings
C. accessories
D. fittings
49. This is a mere ______ that the woman reported dead looked like her daughter.
A. accident
B. incident
C. coincidence
D. agreement
50. Of the leg can be very serious in old people.
A. Fracture
B. Friction
C. Mixture
D. Fixture
Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
Education is compulsory in Britain, whether at school or otherwise"; and "otherwise" is becoming more popular. In 1999, only 12,000 children were listed as being home-schooled. Now that figure is 20,000, according to Mike Fortune Wood, an educational researcher. But he thinks that, as most home-taught children never go near a school and are therefore invisible to officialdom, the total is probably nearer 50,000.
As usual, Britain lies between Europe and America. In Germany, home teaching is iliegal. In America, its huge; over 1 million children are home-schooled, mainly by religious parents. These are a small minority among British home educators, who consist mainly of two types: hippyish middle-class parents who dislike schools on principle, and those whose children are unhappy at school.
The growth is overwhelmingly in this second category, says Roland Meighan, a home-education expert and publisher. One reason is that technology has made home-education easier. The internet allows parents to know as much as teachers. It is a way of organizing get-togethers, sharing tips and outwitting official hassles. That supplements events such as the annual hoe-education festival last week, where 1,600 parents and children enjoyed Egyptian dancing and labyrinth-building on a muddy hillside in Devon.
But a bigger reason for the growth is changing attitudes. Centralization, government targets and a focus on exams have made state schools less customer-friendly and more boring. Classes are still strictly based on age groups, which is hard for children who differ sharply from the average. Mr. Fortune Wood notes that the National Health Service is now far more accommodating of patients' wishes about timing, venue and treatment. "It's all happened in health. Why cant it happen in education?" he asks.
Perhaps because other businesses tend to make more effort to satisfy individual needs, parents are getting increasingly picky. In the past, if their child was bullied, not coping or bored, they tended to put up with it. Now they complain, and if that doesn't work they vote with their (children's) feet. Some educationalists worry that home-schooling may hurt children's psychological and educational development. Home educators cite statistics showing that it helps both educational attainment and the course of grown-up.
Labor's latest big idea in education is "personalization", which is intends to allow much more flexible timing and choice of subjects. In theory, that might stem the drift to home-schooling. Many home educators would like to be able to use school facilities occasionally —- in science lessons, say, or to sit exams. But for now, schools, and the officials who regulate them, like the near-monopoly created by the rule of "all or nothing".
51.Why does the writer believe that British is between Europe and the United States?
A. Because home-schooling is legal, but relatively few parents choose to do it.
B. Because some parents home-school their children, but not for religious reasons.
C. Because home-schooling is legal, but not for religious reasons.
D. Because Britain is usually between Europe and the United States on social issues.
52.Parents who home-school their children use the internet for ______.
A. teaching their children a common syllabus
B. teaching their children better than teachers in schools
C. sharing ideas on how to avoid problems with government officials
D. teaching their children practical skills such as dancing and building
53.Why does the writer compare education and health service?
A. They are both services provided by the state.
B. More people are choosing private education and private health services nowadays.
C. The writer wants to show that state-run organization can be flexible.
D. The health service is used to dealing with children who differ from the average.
54.What is the meaning of "picky" la paragraph-5, line 2?
A. choosy
B. impatient
C. outspoken
D. optional
55.The main purpose of the text is to ______.
A. support home-schooling
B. oppose home-schooling
C. point out that parents (mums and dads) may be mistaken if they believe that home-schooling offers them more choice.
D. outline the reasons behind the growth in home-schooling in BritainPassage 2
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:
Commuter trains are often stuffy and crowded, and they frequently fail to run on time. As if that were not bad enough, Tsuyoshi Hondo, a physicist at Tohoku University in Japan, published a paper in 2002 that give commuters yet another reason to feel-uncomfortable: Dr. Hondo examined mobile-phone usage in enclosed spaces such as railway carriages, bushes and lifts, all of which are in essence, mete) boxes. His model predicted that a large number of passengers crowded together, all blathering sending text messages, or browsing the web on their phones, could produce levels of electromagnetic radiation that exceed international safety standards. That is because the radio waves produced by each phone are reflected off the metal walls of the carriage, bus or lift. Enough radiation escapes to allow the phone to communicate with fee network, but the rest bathes the inside of the carriage with bouncing microwaves.
This sounds worrying. Bui maybe it isn't after all. In a paper published recently in Applied rhymes Letters, Jaime Ferreer and Lucas Fernandez-Seivane from the University of Oviedo in Spain — along with colleagues from the Polytechnic of Madrid and Telefonica Movies, a Spanish mobile operator dispute Dr. Hondou's findings. They conclude that the level of radiation is safe after all.
They key addition to the new research is the effect of the passengers themselves. Wh.ie each phone produces radiation that bounces around the car, the passengers absorb some of it, which has the effect of reducing the overall intensity, just as the presence of an audience changes the acoustics of a concert hall, making it less reverberant. Dr. Hondou's model, in short, was valid, only in the case of a single passenger sitting in an empty carriage with an active mobile phone on every seat.
While Dr. Hondou acknowledged this in his original paper, he did not specifically calculate the effect that leaving out the other passengers would have on the radiation level. As a result, say the authors of the new paper, he significantly overestimated the level of electromagnetic radiation. When one is sitting on a train, Dr. Ferrer and his colleagues found, the most important sources of radiation are one's own phone, and those of one's immediate neighbors. The radiation from these sources far exceeds that from other phones or from waves bouncing around the carriage. And all these sources together produce a level of radiation within the bounds defined by the 1CNIRP, the international body that regulates such matters.
56. According to paragraph 1, the essential common characteristic of train carriages, bushes, and lifts is that ______.
A. they are all metal boxes
B. they are often stuffy and overcrowded
C. they all allow enough radiation to escape for mobile communications to take place
D. people use their mobile phones in them
57. How could "levels of electromagnetic radiation that exceed international safety standards" be produced?
A. Mobile phones give off a lot of electromagnetic radiation.
B. Train carriages, bushes, and lifts are not safe places to use mobile phones.
C. A lot of people could use their mobile phones in a confined space at the same time.
D. Blathering produces radio waves which bounce around the interior of these places.
58.Why do the Spanish researchers dispute Dr. Hondou's theory?
A. Because they are funded by a mobile phone operator.
B. Because people absorb electromagnetic radiation.
C. Because electromagnetic radiation isn't dangerous at all.
D. Because Dr. Hondou assumed that every single person was using their mobile phone at exactly the same time.
59.Dr. Hondou's research was not enough because ______.
A. he didn't have enough time to assess everything before his paper was published
B. he didn't admit that the people in the train carriages, bushes, and lifts could influence the level of electromagnetic radiation.
C. he didn't investigate the effect of people on electromagnetic radiation levels
D. Japan is a crowded country where people often use mobile phones, so he only looked at that specific situation.
60. According to the Spanish researchers, which of the following statements is true?
A. The closer you are to a mobile phone, the greater your exposure to electromagnetic radiation.
B. The closer you are to a mobile phone that is being used to send and receive signals, the greater your exposure to electromagnetic radiation.
C. The amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected by metal is almost too small to be measured.
D. You shouldn't stand close to people who are using their mobile phones in train carriages, bushes, and lifts.Passage 3
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage:
Men and women do think differently, at least where the anatomy of the brain is concerned, according to a new study. The brain is made primarily of two different types of tissue, called gray matter and white matter. This new research reveals that men think more with gray matter, and women think more with white. Researchers stressed that just because the two sexes think differently, this does not affect intellectual performance.
Psychology professor Richard Haier of the University of California, Irvine led the research along with colleagues from the University of new Mexico. Their findings show that in general, men have nearly 6.6 times the amount of gray matter related to general intelligence compared with women, whereas women have nearly 10 times the amount of white matter related to intelligence compared to men. "These findings suggest that evolution has created two different types of brains designed for equally intelligence behavior," said Haier, adding that, "by pinpointing these gender-based intelligence areas, the study has the potential to aid research on dementia and other cognitive impairment diseases in brain.
The results are detailed in the online version of the journal Neurolmage. In human brains, gray matter represents information processing centers, whereas white matter works to network these processing centers. The results from this study may help explain why men and women excel at different types of tasks, said co-author and neuron-psychologist Rex Jung of the University of New Mexico. For example, men tend to do better, with tasks requiring more localized processing, such as mathematics, Jung said, while women are better at integrating and assimilating information from distributed gray-matter regions of the brain, which aids language skills. Scientists find it very interesting that white men and women use two very different activity centers and neurological pathways, men and women perform equally well on board measures of cognitive ability-such as intelligence tests.
This research also gives insight to why different types of head injuries are more disastrous to one sex or the other. For example, in women 84 percent, of gray matter regions and 86 percent of white matter regions involved in intellectual performance were located in the frontal lobes, whereas the percentages of these regions in a man's frontal lobes are 45 percent and zero, respectively. This matches up well with clinical data that shows frontal damage in women to be much more destructive than the same type of damage in men. Both Haier and Jung hope that this research will someday help doctors diagnose brain disorders in men and women earlier, as well as provide help designing more effective and precise treatments for brain damage. 61. Which of the following statements is true, according to paragraph 1? A. The brain is a monolithic organ. B. Intellectual ability depends on which part of the brain is used. C. Intellectual ability varies between men and women. D. The anatomy of men's brains and women's brains differ.
62. According to paragraph 2, this discovery is significant because ______.
A. it is necessary to understand the anatomy of the brain when dealing with disease that affect thought processes.
B. it shows that men and women are equally intelligent
C. it shows that men and women are equally intelligent overall, but specialize in different ways of thinking
D. many diseases of the brain are specific to gender or the other
63.Which of the following statements is true about gray brain matter?
A. It helps put together information from different parts of the brain.
B. It is used for processing information.
C. There is less of it in men's brains.
D. There is a direct correlation between the amount of gray matter and mathematical ability.
64.Which of the following statements is true about white brain matter?
A. Women have more of it than men.
B. It is used for putting together information from different parts of the brain.
C. There is a direct correlation between the amount of white brain matter and linguistic ability.
D. The amount of white brain matter is not directly related to overall intelligence.
65.The final paragraph suggests that ______.
A. Men and women are equally intelligent
B. Men and women have different frontal lobes
C. Head injuries can have varied effects, according to whether a person is male or female
D. The research will be useful to other scientists
Passage 4
Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage:
Children are getting so fat they may be the first generation to die before their parents, an expert claimed yesterday.
Today's youngsters are already falling prey to potential killers such as diabetes because of their weight. Fatty fast-food diets combined with sedentary lifestyles dominated by televisions and computers could mean kids will die tragically young, says Professor Andrew Prentice, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical
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