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大学英语四六级试读：
内容提要
这里讲述的内容，主要是大学英语四六级的相关知识，例如大学英语六级考试—改错题解析；大学英语六级写作技巧；英语四六级考试阅读写作经验谈；英语四六级考试新题型分值分布等各种四六级英语题型的相关问题。
大学英语四级考试指导
70%的基本功20%的技巧10%的现场答题的战略、战术与考试状态
经常有人在考完后发出这样的懊悔声：“这道题平时我会做，结果没有做出来”等等，这与考试的战略、战术有关。据此，我们得出考前的注意事项：
一、考前生理准备考试前一天晚上早点睡，考试当天不起早。饮食以清爽、可口、易消化吸收的为住。
二、考前物质准备考试前一天要整理好学习生活用具。首先是准考证与身份证（与学生证）；其次是钢笔、2B铅笔、橡皮等；再次是必要的如手绢、清凉油和防非典的生活用品。
三、考前心理准备成绩优秀的考生应记住：“没有常胜将军”、“不以一次成败论英雄”；成绩不太好的考生要有“破釜沉舟”的决心；考点已采取了防非典措施，不会有什么事。
四、考试当天早晨，应有良好的心理暗示如“我很放松，今天一定能正常发挥”、“今天我很冷静，会考好的”等。
五、注意早餐早晨一定要吃丰盛的早饭，但不能过于油腻。
六、浏览笔记和知识结构主要是浏览一下重要作文模式、进行听力训练一套。
七、自信地前往考点，要暗示自己有信心暗示语如：全部科目我已做好复习；今天考试，我一定能正常发挥；对此我充满自信……
八、进考室前10分钟在考室外最好是一人平静地度过，可就近找个地方坐一会儿，或看一下笔记，再次浏览作文模式。设法避开聊天。
九、入场前提醒自己作到“四心”一是保持“静心”，二是增强“信心”，三是做题“专心”，四是考试“细心”。
十、不要一心想“捞满分”特别是对平时成绩中等上下的同学来说，一心想“捞满分”是大忌。当然，应该捞的分一定要捞，该放弃的敢于放弃。如果有时间再攻暂时放弃的题。
十一、试卷到手，首先填好个人资料要按照考试要求，认真、准确、规范地填好准考证号码、姓名等相关内容。认真倾听监考老师宣读有关规则和注意事项，以免事后惹麻烦。
十二、答题前要纵览全卷领到试卷后，先用1分钟浏览一两遍，做到胸有全局，起到稳定情绪、增强信心的作用。
十三、认真审题，明确要求答题前，一定要高度集中注意力快速、准确地从头至尾认真读题，一句一句地读。对不容易理解的或关键性的字句，要字斟句酌，反复推敲。要做到：
1.认真揣摩题意，明确题目要求；
2.对容易的题要仔细考虑是否有迷惑因素。防止麻痹轻敌；
3.对难题、生题要注意冷静分析题目本身所提供的条件和要求之间的关系，防止心情紧张造成思维障碍。审题时，一是不看错题目，客观准确地把握题意；二是分析要清楚，要善于将问题进行解剖，将那些比较复杂的综合题分解成若干部分，找出已知条件和未知条件之间的关系；三是善于联系。在分析题目的基础上，将题目所涉及到的各个知识点都联系起来挖掘出尽可能多的潜在条件和知识之间的内在联系。
十四、先易后难，增强自信心要先做基本题，再做中档题，最后做综合题；或者先做自己擅长的题，最后再集中精力去做难题。
十五、做题时要避免两种不良倾向一是思想静不下来，心神不定，不知从哪个题目做起，误了时间；二是在某一题上花过多的时间，影响做其他题目。
十六、力求准确，防止欲速不达对答题速度的追求，应该建立在保证准确性的基础之上。如果对试题的要求、解答方案、解题步骤胸有成竹时，便可一气呵成。
十七、卷面整洁，不让扣分答卷字迹工整，书写规范美观，会引起阅卷老师愉悦感，增加评定的分数；反之则会导致印象不好而扣分（特别是作文）。
十八、尽量做完试题，分分必争要做到会多少答多少，即使是没有把握也要敢于写，碰碰运气也无妨。在标准化考试中，敢于猜测的考生有时也会取得较好的分数。
十九、认真检查，把好最后一关要检查试卷要求、检查答题思路、检查答题结果，千万不要提前交卷。
大学英语六级考试-改错题解析
大学英语六级考试有一种题型要求考生识别和改正一篇短文中的错误，这种题型主要测试考生的综合语言运用能力。这类短文篇幅一般都不太长，每篇设计了10处错误，错误可能是语法方面的，也可能是语义或搭配方面的；语义错误可能是句子水平上的，也可能是语篇水平上的；造成错误的原因可能是用错了一个词，也可能是多用或少用了一个词。考生一定要认真通读短文的全文，在正确理解短文的意思后再开始答题。
特别需要提醒的是：
1.必须用规定的符号准确地划出错误所在的位置。未划出错误或划错了位置，则不管答案正确与否，均不能得分。
2.答案拼写必须正确，答案中有拼写错误则要扣分。
现以2005年1月份六级考试中的改错题为例，对考生的答题情况作一简单分析，供读者参考。
The World Health Organization（WHO）says its ten-year
campaign to remove leprosy（麻风病）as a world health
problem has been successful.Doctor Brundtland，head of the
WHO，says a number of leprosy cases around the world has S1._______
been cut of ninety percent during the past ten years.She says S2.______
efforts are continuing to complete end the disease.S3._______
Leprosy is caused by bacteria spread through liquid from
the nose and mouth.The disease mainly effects the skin and S4._______
nerves.However，if leprosy is not treated it can cause permanent
damage for the skin，nerves，eyes，arms or legs.S5.______
In 1999，an international campaign began to end leprosy.
The WHO，governments of countries most affected by the
disease，and several other groups are part of the campaign.
This alliance guarantees that all leprosy patients，even theyS6.______
are poor，have a right to the most modern treatment.
Doctor Brundtland says leprosy is no longer a disease
that requires life-long treatments by medical experts.Instead，
patients can take that is called a multi-drug therapy.This S7._______
modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12 months，
depend on the form of the disease.The treatment combinesS8.______
several drugs taken daily or once a month.The WHO has
given multi-drug therapy to patients freely for the last fiveS9.______
years.The members of the alliance against leprosy plan to
target the countries which still threatened by leprosy.AmongS10.______
the estimated 600，000 victims around the world，the WHO
believes about 70%are in India.The disease also remains a
problem in Africa and South America.
第一、二题分别测试的是冠词和介词的用法。这两行讲的是，在过去10年中全世界麻风病患者的人数减少了90%。表示人或物的“数目”常用the number of，而a number of的意思是“一些”，因而第一道题须将a划出，在后面的空格中填入the。表示减少的程度时通常用介词by，但by有时也可以省略，因而这里在划出of后在空格中填上by或划上一条斜线即为答案。由于可以省略by，有的考生将of改成了表示“大约”意思的副词about，around，nearly，也是可以接受的答案。但不少考生将of改成了off，out，不符合上下文的意思，因而不能作为答案。个别考生将ninety percent改成ninety percents，是没有找准错误的位置，再说percent这个词的词尾是不能加s的。
第三题测试的是词性。这一行讲的是，人们正在继续努力，争取彻底消灭麻风病。这里表示“彻底”不能用形容词complete，须用副词completely。有少数考生虽然知道了这一点，但将completely写成completly，构成拼写错误，被扣了0.5分。有的考生将continuing改成continued或made，也是没有找准错误的位置。还有的考生将complete划去，从语法上来说并没有错，但与原文的意思有出入，因而不能作为答案。值得指出的是，改错时须忠于原文的意思，并应尽可能在所给词词意的基础上加以改正。
第四题测试的是词义辩析。这一行中的动词effects意为“对……产生作用或效果”，不符合上下文的意思，须改成affects。affects意为“对……产生不良影响或后果”，才符合上下文的意思。
第五题测试的是cause damage to sb or sth这一词语搭配。这里的介词只能用to，不能用for。有些考生将damage改成damages，不仅没有找对错误的位置，而且完全没有必要改，因为damage是不可数名词，况且damages的词义是“由于造成损害而支付的赔偿金”。
第六题测试的是连接词even if/even though的用法。该行中状语从句的意思是：即使他们很穷，因而须用even if/even though。有的考生将even改成whatever，however，或在even后面加上who，语法上是不通的。
第七题测试的是关系代词what的用法。该句的意思是：病人可以采用一种叫做多种药物疗法的方法进行治疗。句中需要一个既能连接主句和宾语从句又能在宾语从句中担当主语的关系代词，因而只能用what。有的考生在that前面加了个something，虽非最佳答案，但尚可接受。
第八题测试的是分词短语的用法。该行短语动词depend on所在的句子前半部已有动词cure，因而depend on这里必须用其分词形式，即depending on。
第九题测试的是词义，具体地说是区分副词free和freely的语义差别。freely
的意思是“自由地”、“无拘无束地”，显然不符合本句上下文的意思。本句的意思是：“免费给病人进行治疗”，而free作副词时正是“免费”的意思，如give sb sth free，have/get/take sth free等。
第十题测试的是定语从句或分词短语作后置定语的用法。该行的意思是：“针对那些仍然受麻风病威胁的国家”。which still threatened by leprosy既不是从句也不是分词短语，因而是错的。必须把which划掉，使其成为分词短语，或者在which和still中间加上are，使其成为定语从句。有的考生把are加在still和threatened中间，或者把which改成being，虽不是最佳答案，但也勉强可以接受。
大学英语六级写作技巧
说到英语六级写作，它的要求与四级相比只是增加了一些字数，但实际上它对于词汇的难度，句子的运用技巧，文章的结构都提出了更高的要求，做题时可以用上如下的技巧：
1、多用长句，少用短句，适当加入几句结构较复杂的句子。
2、写好第一句话。这样容易给阅卷者留下一个好印象，最好能用上一个复句，里面要用上2-3个难的单词或词组。
3、结构要清晰。我建议使用四段式，第一段综述，第二、三段分述，第四段做总结，二、三段是重点。竞学网编辑推荐：2000-2005历年四六级作文题目清单
4、多用连接性的词组或单词。如“first，second，moreover，for one thing……，for another，on the one hand……，on the other”等等。可以把它们置于段首或文中比较显著的位置，这样会使文章更具条理性。
5、注意结尾的时候要点题，把自己的观点明确说出来。
6、文章不要写得太长，这样容易引起阅卷者的反感。
7、词汇的使用上请多用六级词汇，以区别于四级。
8、如有可能，适当加上一两句名言或是谚语，以显示你见识的广博。
为了使大家有个更直观的感觉，我把自己的一篇小习作登出以供参考，主要是在行文结构方面，希望对大家备考英语六级作文有所帮助。
[题目]：How to Keep Calm In an Exam？
Anxiety is perhaps the worst problem many college students are faced with in their examinations.They just feel unable to keep their wits about them in those occasions，as a result of which they dont give full play to their abilities.How to solve this problem？
First of all，we should dispel the misgivings about the results of the exams.All of us are eager to chalk up good results in the evaluation tests.However，just remember：More haste，less speed.We should not be too mindful about the results.Take things calmly.
Furthermore，we can also adopt some concrete steps to calm ourselves.For example，we may keep our eyes closed and think of nothing for a minute or two just before starting an exam.It helps to keep a cool head and minimize nervousness.As for me，this method always works.
In the final analysis，we ought to bear in mind that calmness is essential for good performance in a test.Overcoming anxiety is not so thorny a problem if we are mentally and physically prepared.
四六级写作精彩句式
一、用于驳性和比较性论文
1.In general，I dont agree with
2.In my opinion，this point of view doesnt hold water.
3.The chief reason why……is that……
4.There is no true that……
5.It is not true that……
6.It can be easily denied than……
7.We have no reason to believe that……
8.What is more serious is that……
9.But it is pity that……
10.Besides，we should not neglect that……
11.But the problem is not so simple.Therefore……
12.Others may find this to be true，but I believer that……
13.Perhaps I was question why……
14.There is a certain amount of truth in this，but we still have a problem with regard to……
15.Though we are in basic agreement with……，but
16.What seems to be the trouble is……
17.Yet differences will be found，thats why I feel that……
18.It would be reasonable to take the view that……，but it would be foolish to claim that……
19.There is in fact on reason for us so believe that……
20.What these people fail to consider is that……
21.It is one thing to insist that……，it is quite another to show that……
22.Wonderful as A is，however，it has its own disadvantages too.
23.The advantages of B are much greater than A.
24.A‘s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration.
二、用于描写图表和数据
1.It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998.
2.There is an increase of 20%in total this year.
3.It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995.
4.It would be expected to increase 5 times.
5.The table shows a three times increase over that of last year.
6.It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996.
7.The total number was lowered by 10%.
8.It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year.
9.Compared with 1997，it fell from 15 to 10 percent.
10.The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995.
11.It has decreased almost two and half times，compared with……
三、用于解释性和阐述性论说文
1.Everybody knows that……
2.It can be easily proved that……
3.It is true that……
4.No one can deny that
5.One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is……
6.The chief reason is that……
7.We must recognize that……
8.There is on doubt that……
9.I am of the opinion that……
10.This can be expressed as follows；
11.To take……for an example……
12.We have reason to believe that
13.Now that we know that……
14.Among the most convincing reasons given，one should be mentioned……
15.The change in……largely results from the fact that
16.There are several causes for this significant growth in……，first……，second……，finally……
17.A number of factors could account for the development in……
18.Perhaps the primary reason is……
19.It is chiefly responsible of……
20.The reasons for……are complicated，And probably they are found in the fact……
21.Here are several possible reasons，excerpt that……
22.Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that……
23.It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon……
24.Different people observes it in different ways.
四、用于文章的开头
1.As the proverb says……
2.It goes without saying tan……
3.Generally speaking……
4.It is quite clear than because……
5.It is often said that……
6.Many people often ask such question：“…？”
7.More and more people have come to realize……
8.There is no doubt that……
9.Some people believe that……
10.These days we are often told that，but is this really the case？
11.One great man said that……
12.Recently the issue of……has been brought to public attention.
13.In the past several years there has been……
14.Now it is commonly held that……but I doubt whether……
15.Currently there is a widespread concern that……
16.Now people in growing number are coming to realize that……
17.There is a general discussion today about the issue of……
18.Faced with……，quite a few people argue that……，but other people conceive differently.
五、用于文章的结尾
1.from this point of view……
2.in a word……
3.in conclusion……
4.on account of this we can find that……
5.the result is dependent on……
6.therefore，these findings reveal the following information：
7.thus，this is the reason why we must……
8.to sum up……
9.as far as……be concerned，I believe that……
10.It is obvious that……
11.There is little doubt that……
12.There is no immediate solution to the problem of……，but……might be helpful
13.None of the solutions is quite satisfactory.The problem should be examined in a new way.
14.It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on……
15.Taking into account all these factors，we may safely reach the conclustion that……
六、用于论证和说明
1.As it is described that……
2.It has been illustrated that……
3.It provides a good example of……
4.We may cite another instance of……
5.History man provides us with the examples of……
6.A number of further facts may be added……
7.The situation is not unique，it is typical of dozens I have heard.
8.A recent investigation indicate that……
9.According to the statistics provided……
10.According to a latest study，it can be predicted……
11.There is no sufficient evidence to show that……
12.All available evidence points to the fact that……
13.Examples given leads me to conclude that……
14.It reveals the unquestionable fact that……
15.The idea may be proved by facts……
16.All the facts suggest that……
17.No one can deny the fact that……
18.We may face the undeniable fact that……
●表示比较和对照关系的句型：
1）A is to B what/as C is to D（A之于B犹如C之于D）。
2）Just as……，so……
3）A and B have sth in common.
4）A is similar to B.
5）The same is true of，The same can be said of（……也是如此）。
6）The advantages of A are much greater than B.
7）compared with B，A has many advantages.
8）The advantages outweigh the disadvantages（利大于弊）。
9）Wonderful as A is，however，it has its own disadvantages too.
10）Although A enjoys considerable advantage over……，it can not compete with B in……
11）Contrary to widely accepted views，I believe that……
12）What people fail to consider is that……
13）It is one thing to insist that……，it is quite another to show that……
14）Nothing can rival……（……是无与伦比的）。
15）……has drawbacks as well as merits.
16）A is superior（inferior）to B.
17）……varies from person to person（……是因人而异的）
18）A is just the opposite（to B）
19）A differs from B in that……（A不同于B在于……）
20）……is not the same（as）
●过渡性句型：
1）this is true that……
2）This is true，no doubt，but……
3）……also……
4）It is one thing to……；it is another to……
●描写图表和数据的句型
1）……rank first（both）in……
2）……in proportion to……
3）A is by far the largest……
4）As many as……
5）The number is……times as much as that of……
6）The figure has nearly doubled/tripled，as against that of last year.
7）It accounts for 35%of……
8）By comparison with……，it decreased/increased/fell from……to……
9）……rise rapidly（slowly）
10）……remain level……
11）……reach……
12）There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid rise/increase demand./income./population./prices./production./decrease/decline/reduction/fall/drop in
13）be on the increase/decrease/rise/decline（……在不断的增加，减少，上升，下降）
●图表作文中的过渡、概括句型：
1）As can be indicated in the table，……
2）As we could find out later……
3）As is revealed in the table……
4）As the survey results show……
5）This table provides several important points of comparison
between……
6）The two graphs depict the same thing in……
7）The key findings taken from the surveys are as follows：
8）According to the figures given in the table，……
9）This chart shows that……
10）As is shown by the graph，……
11）It can be seen from the statistics that……
12）It is generally believed/accepted/thought/held……
●说明原因的句型：
1）There are some/two/many good reasons for……/to do……
2）We have two good reasons for……
3）The reason for……is that+从句
4）Among the most convincing reasons given by people for……，one should be mentioned……
5）One may think of the trend as a result of……
6）The change in……largely results from the fact that……
7）There are several causes for this significant growth in……irst……
8）A number of factors could account for the……
9）It is no simple task to give the reason for……
10）The cause of/reason for higher prices was an increase in demand.
11）Because/As/Now that/Since the demand has increased，the prices are higher.
12）An increase in demand causes/results in/leads to/produces higher prices.
13）The demand has increased.
14）Therefore，/As a result，/For this reason，/Because of this，/Consequently，the prices are higher.
15）If there is an increase in demand，then prices rise./go up./boost./are higher.
16）Different people look at……in different ways……
●表示不同看法的句型：
1）Different people have/hold different opinions/views on the question/problem/matter.Some believe that……；Others argue that……：Still others maintain that……
2）They are quite different from each other in their opinions.
3）Some people hold the opinion that it is good to……
4）They think quite differently on this question.
5）Opinions vary from individual to individual，from culture to culture.
●表示必须，紧急，有困难做某事的句型：
1）It is important（necessary，urgent，difficult，easy，convenient，comfortable，expensive，desirable，advisable）for sb.to do sth.
2）……have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time（in）doing sth.（有困难做某事）
英语四级考试试题（2005年1月A卷上）
Part I Section A Listening Comprehension（20 minutes）Directions：In this section，you will hear 10 short conversations.At the end of each convers-ation，a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause，you must read the four choices marked A），B），C）and D），and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example：
You will hear：
You will read.
A）At the office.
B）In the waiting room.
C）At the airport.
D）In a restaurant.
From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening.This conversation iS most likely to have taken place at the office.Therefore，A）“At the office”is the best answer.You should choose[A]on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
Sample Answer[A][B][C][D]
1.
A）The man enjoys traveling by car.
B）The man lives far from the subway.
C）The man is good at driving.
D）The man used to own a car.
2.
A）Tony should continue taking the course.
B）She approves of Tonys decision.
C）Tony can choose another science course.
D）She cant meet Tony so early in the morning.
3.
A）She has to study for the exam.
B）She is particularly interested in plays.
C）Shes eager to watch the new play.
D）She can lend her notes to the man.
4.
A）They will be replaced by on-line education sooner or later.
B）They will attract fewer kids as on-line education expands.
C）They will continue to exist along with on-line education.
D）They will limit their teaching to certain subjects only.
5.
A）Most students would like to work for a newspaper.
B）Most students find a job by reading advertisements.
C）Most students find it hard to get a job after they graduate.
D）Most students dont want jobs advertised in the newspapers.
6.
A）Move the washing machine to the basement.
B）Turn the basement into a workshop.
C）Repair the washing machine.
D）Finish his assignment.
7.
A）Some students at the back cannot hear the professor.
B）The professor has changed his reading assignment.
C）Some of the students are not on the professors list.
D）The professor has brought extra copies of his assignment.
8.
A）She doesnt want to talk about the contest.
B）Shes modest about her success in the contest.
C）Shes spent two years studying English in Canada.
D）Shes very proud of her success in the speech contest.
9.
A）Talking about sports.
B）Writing up local news.
C）Reading newspapers.
D）Putting up advertisements
10.
A）They shouldnt change their plan.
B）Theyd better change their mind.
C）The tennis game wont last long.
D）Weather forecasts are not reliable.
Section B Compound Dictation
Directions：In this section，you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from S8 to SIO you are required to fill in the missing information.You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally；when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.
There are a lot of good cameras available at the moment——most of these are made in Japan but there are also good（S1）_____________models from Germany and the USA.We have（S2）_______________range of different models to see which is the best（S3）___________________money.After a number of different tests and interviews with people who are（S4）_________________assessed，our researchers（S5）______________________with the different cameras being the Olympic BY model as the best auto-focus camera available at the moment.It costs$200 although you may well want to spend more——（S6）_______________much as another$200——on buying（S7）_________________lenses and other equipment.It is a good Japanese camera，easy to use.S8）_________________________________________________________________whereas the American versions are considerably more expensive The Olympic BY model weighs only 320 grams which is quite a bit less than other cameras of a similar type.Indeed one of the other models we looked at weighed almost twice as much.（S9）__________________________________________________________ALL the people we interviewed expressed almost total satisfaction with it（S10）___________________________________________________________________
Part II Reading Comprehension（35 minutes）
Directions：There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D）.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Scratchy throats，stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery，but being able to tell if the cause is a cold orflu（～，～）may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.
The American Lung Association（ALA）has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu（流感），and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart.Thats because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in.As for colds，the sooner aperson starts taking over-the-counter remedy，the sooner relief will come.
The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses.More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms，while the flu is caused by three viruses-flu A，B and C.There is no cure for eitherillness，but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine（～-～），which is，for most people，the bestway to fight the flu，according to the ALA.
But if the flu does strike，quick action can help.Although the flu and common cold have manysimilarities，there are some obvious signs to look for.
Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose，runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually，and adults and teens often do not get a fever.On the other hand，fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages.And in general，flu symptoms including fever and chills，sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.
The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu.It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.
Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well.However，children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome（综合症），a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.Reye syndrome.
There is，of course，no vaccine for the common cold.But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of Catching one.
11.According to the author，knowing the cause of the misery will help
A）shorten the duration of the illness
B）the patient buy medicine over the counter
C）the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugs
D）prevent people from catching colds and the flu
12.We learn from the passage that
A）one doesnt need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flu
B）aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the flu
C）delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous system
D）over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu
13.According to the passage，to combat the flu effectively，
A）one should identify the virus which causes it
B）one should consult a doctor as soon as possible
C）one should take medicine upon catching the disease
D）one should remain alert when the disease is spreading
14.Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold？
A）A stuffy nose.
B）A high temperature.
Ci A sore throat.
D）A dry cough.
15.If children have flu-like symptoms，their parents
A）are advised not to give them aspirin
B）should watch out for signs of Reye syndrome
C）are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccination
D）should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States，many Americans are turning to Japan，a country of high academic achievement and economic success，for possible answers.However，the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find.Inmost Japanese preschools，surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction.In one investigation，300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers，child development specialists，and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education.Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents（答问卷者）listed“to give children a good startacademically”as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools.In contrast，over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices.To prepare children for success ful careers in first grade and beyond，Japanese schools do not teach reading，writing，and math ematics，but rather skills such as persistence，concentration，and the ability to function as a member of a group.The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.
In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education，91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools.Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented（强调个性发展的）Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices.An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.
Like in America，there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education.Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims，such as early musical training or potential development.In large cities，some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools.
Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program，it will increase the childrens chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities.Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.
16.We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe
A）Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parents
B）Japans economic success is a result of its scientific achievements
C）Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction
D）Japans higher education is superior to theirs
17.Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach importance to
A）problem solving
B）group experience
C）parental guidance
D）individually-oriented development
18.In Japans preschool education，the focus is on
A）preparing children academically
B）developing childrens artistic interests
C）tapping childrens potential
D）shaping childrens character
19.Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to
A）broaden childrens horizon
B）cultivate childrens creativity
C）lighten childrens study load
D）enrich childrens knowledge
20.Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university：based kindergartens？
A）They can do better in their future studies.
B）They can accumulate more group experience there.
C）They can be individually oriented when they grow up.
D）They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.
Passage Three Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Lead deposits，which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960‘s and 70’s，were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States.In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States，the lead accumulation world-wide has decreased significantly.
A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland.The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr.Charles Boutron，an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France.A study by Dr.Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic（北极的）snow were declining.
In his new study，Dr.Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European，Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate（分区）the lead sources.The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.
In a study published in the journal Ambio，scientists found that lead levels in soil in the North-eastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.
Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.
The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England，New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990.
The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.
Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem（生态系统）respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution，but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.
21.The study published in the journal Nature indicates that
A）the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results
B）lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase
C）lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected
D）the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow
22.Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US
A）was discouraged
B）was enforced by law
C）was prohibited by law
D）was introduced
23.How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland？
A）By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.
B）By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.
C）By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.
D）By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.
24.The authors of the Ambio study have found that
A）forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected
B）lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with
C）lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US
D）the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions
25.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists
A）are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution
B）feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline
C）still consider lead pollution a problem
D）lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution
大学英语六级考试试题（2005年1月B卷上）
Part I Listening Comprehension（20 minutes）
Section A
Directions：In this section，you will hear 10 short conversations.At the end of each Conversation，a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause，you must read the four choices marked A），B），C）and D），and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example：You will hear：
You will read：
A）2 hours.
B）3 hours.
C）4 hours.
D）5 hours.
From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 oclock in the morning and have to finish by 2 in the afternoon.Therefore，D）“5 hours”is the correct answer.You should choose[D]on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
Sample answer[A][B][C][D]
1.
A）Furnished apartments will cost more.
B）The apartment can be furnished easily.
C）She can provide the man with the apartment he needs.
D）The apartment is just what the man is looking for.
2.
A）He quite agrees with Mr.Johnsons views.
B）Mr.Johnsons ideas are nonsense.
C）Mr.Johnson is good at expressing his ideas.
D）He shares the womans views on social welfare.
3.
A）Avoid distractions while studying in her dorm.
B）Improve her grades gradually.
C）Change the conditions of her dorm.
D）Study in a quiet place.
4.
A）It will be held in a different place，
B）It has been put off.
C）It has been cancelled.
D）It will be rescheduled to attract more participants.
5.
A）Janet is very much interested in architecture.
B）Janet admires the Sydney Opera House very much.
C）Janet thinks its a shame for anyone not to visit Australia.
D）Janet loves the beautiful landscape of Australia very much.
6.
A）It falls short of her supervisors expectations.
B）It has drawn criticism from lots of people.
C）It can be finished in a few weekstime.
D）It is based on a lot of research.
7.
A）Karen is sure to pass the interview.
B）He knows Karen better now.
C）Karen is very forgetful.
D）The woman should have reminded Karen earlier.
8.
A）Skip the class to prepare for the exam.
B）Tell the professor shes lost her voice.
C）Attend the lecture with the man.
D）Ask Joe to apologize to the professor for her.
9.
A）The woman is working in a kindergarten.
B）The man will go in for business fight after high school.
C）The woman is not happy with the mans decision.
D）The man wants to be a business manager.
10.
A）They are busy all the year round.
B）They stay closed until summer comes.
C）They cater chiefly to tourists.
D）They provide quality service to their customers.
Section B Directions：In this section，you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11.
A）Boss and secretary.C）Classmates.
B）PR representative and client.D）Colleagues.
12.
A）He thought the boss was unfair to him.
B）His clients complained about his service.
C）He felt his assignment was tougher than Sues.
D）His boss was always finding fault with his work.
13.
A）She complains about her bad luck.
B）She always accepts them cheerfully.
C）She is unwilling to undertake them.
D）She takes them on，though reluctantly.
14.
A）John had to quit his job.
B）Both John and Sue got a raise.
C）Sue failed to complete her project.
D）Sue got promoted.
Passage Two
Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
15.
A）By displaying their feelings and emotions.
B）By exchanging their views on public affairs.
C）By asking each other some personal questions.
D）By greeting each other very politely.
16.
A）Yell loudly.C）Express his opinion frankly.
B）Argue fiercely.D）Refrain from showing his feelings.
17.
A）Doing credit to ones community.
B）Distinguishing oneself.
C）Getting rich quickly.
D）Respecting individual rights.
Passage Three
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
18.
A）When tests show that they are relatively safe.
B）If they dont involve any risks.
C）When the urgent need for them arises.
D）If they produce predictable side effects.
19.
A）Because they are less sensitive to it than those who have been tested for it.
B）Because they are not accustomed to it.
C）Because their genes differ from those who have been tested for it.
D）Because they are not psychologically prepared for it.
20.
A）They will become physically impaired.
B）They will suffer from minor discomfort.
C）They will have to take ever larger doses.
D）They will experience a very painful process.
Part II Reading Comprehension（35 minutes）
Directions：There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D）.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage ONE
Questions21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Throughout the nations more than 15，000 school districts，widely differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged.Though there can be strength in diversity，a new international analysis suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster（平淡的）achievement scores by U.S.children relative to their peers in other developed countries.
Indeed，concludes William H.Schmidt of Michigan State University，who led the new analysis，“no single intellectually coherent vision dominates U.S.educational practice in math or science.”The reason，he said，“is because the system is deeply and fundamentally flawed.”
The new analysis，released this week by the National Science Foundation in Arlington，Va.，is based on data collected from about 50 nations as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study.
Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual U.S.communities，the report finds，but there appears to be little strategic focus within a school district‘s curricula，its textbooks，or its teachers’activities.This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries.
On average，U.S.students study more topics within science and math than their international counterparts do.This creates an educational environment that“is a mile wide and an inch deep，”Schmidt notes.
For instance，eighth graders in the United States cover about 33 topics in math versus just 19 in Japan.Among science courses，the international gap is even wider.U.S.curricula for this age level resemble those of a small group of countries including Australia，Thailand，Iceland，and Bulgaria.Schmidt asks whether the United States wants to be classed with these nations，whose educational systems“share our pattern of splintered（支离破碎的）visions”but which are not economic leaders.
The new report“couldnt come at a better time，”says Gerald Wheeler，executive director of the National Science Teachers Association in Arlington.“The new National Science Education Standards provide that focused vision，”including the call“to do less，but in greater depth.”
Implementing the new science standards and their math counterparts will be the challenge，he and Schmidt agree，because the decentralized responsibility for education in the United States requires that any reforms be tailored and instituted one community at a time.
In fact，Schmidt argues，reforms such as these proposed national standards“face an almost impossible task，because even though they are intellectually coherent，each becomes only one more voice in the babble（嘈杂声）。”
21.According to the passage，the teaching of science and math in America is
A）losing its vitality gradually
B）characterized by its diversity
C）going downhill in recent years
D）focused on tapping studentspotential
22.The fundamental flaw of American school education is that________.
A）it attaches too much importance to intensive study of school subjects
B）it relies heavily on the initiative of individual teachers
C）it sets a very low academic standard for students
D）it lacks a coordinated national program
23.By saying that the U.S.educational environment is“a mile wide and an inch deep”（Line 2，Para.5），the author means U.S.educational practice________.
A）scratches the surface of a wide range of topics
B）lays stress on quality at the expense of quantity
C）encourages learning both in depth and in scope
D）offers an environment for comprehensive education
24.The new National Science Education Standards are good news in that they will
A）solve most of the problems in school teaching
B）provide depth to school science education
C）quickly dominate U.S.educational practice
D）be able to meet the demands of the community
25.Putting the new science and math standards into practice will prove difficult because________.
A）many schoolteachers challenge the acceptability of these standards.
B）there is always controversy in educational circles
C）not enough educators have realized the necessity for doing so
D）school districts are responsible for making their own decisions
Passage TWO
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves.One January，I had to officiate at two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community.Both had died“full of years，”as the Bible would say；both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life.Their homes happened to be near each other，so I paid condolence（吊唁）calls on the two families on the same afternoon.
At the first home，the son of the deceased（已故的）woman said to me，“If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow，she would be alive today.Its my fault that she died.”At the second home，the son of the other deceased woman said，“If only I hadn‘t insisted on my mother’s going to Florida，she would be alive today.That long airplane ride，the abrupt change of climate，was more than she could take.It‘s my fault that she’s dead.”
When things dont turn out as we would like them to，it is very tempting to assume that had we done things differently，the story would have had a happier ending.Priests know that any time there is a death，the survivors will feel guilty.Because the course of action they took turned out badly，they believe that the opposite course-keeping Mother at home，postponing the operation-would have turned out better.After all，how could it have turned out any worse？
There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt.The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense，that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens.That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.
The second element is the notion that we are the cause of what happens，especially the bad things that happen.It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault.The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood.Psychologists speak of the infantile myth of omnipotence（万能）.A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs，and that he makes everything happen in it.He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks.He cries，and someone comes to attend to him.When he is hungry，people feed him，and when he is wet，people change him.Very often，we do not completely outgrow that infantile notion that our wishes cause things to happen.
26.What is said about the two deceased elderly women？
A）They lived out a natural life.
B）They died due to lack of care by family members.
C）They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride.
D）They werent accustomed to the change in weather.
27.The author had to conduct the two womens funerals probably because________.
A）he had great sympathy for the deceased
B）he wanted to console the two families
C）he was priest of the local church
D）he was an official from the community
28.People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because________
A）they believe that they were responsible
B）they had neglected the natural course of events
C）they couldnt find a better way to express their grief
D）they didnt know things often turn out in the opposite direction
29.In the context of the passage，“…the world makes sense”（Line 2，Para，4）probably means that________.
A）we have to be sensible in order to understand the world
B）everything in the world is predetermined
C）theres an explanation for everything in the world
D）the world can be interpreted in different ways
30.People have been made to believe since infancy that________.
A）every story should have a happy ending
B）their wishes are the cause of everything that happens
C）life and death is an unsolved mystery
D）everybody is at their command
英语六级成绩查询
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英语四级-完形填空的形式
完形填空一般第一句话不出现空白，从第二句开始，每8～16个词之间出现一处空白，空白越多，难度越大。完形填空一般有以下五种测试形式：
1）最初的测试方式是按固定比例来删词，即在一篇文章中，每隔一定数量的单词（一般为5～11个单词），有规律地删去一个单词或短语，有规则地留出空白，让考生来填；
2）与第一种类型相似，但所有答案已经全部给出，只是排列无序，不规则，让考生采取对号入座的选择方式做题；
3）删掉的词仅限于某一类语言现象，如动词，名词，介词等。这样，原来隔固定词数删词的标准仅供参考；
4）多项选择形式，试题设计者为每个空白提供四个备选答案，由考生选择唯一正确的答案来填空。这种形式是国内采用最普遍的完形填空测试形式。
5）试题设计者把去掉的每个单词的第一个字母给出，让考生把其它字母补全。
大学英语四级考试经验
我是外交学院非英语专业的一名在读生，于1999年6月参加了全国英语普通四级考试，成绩是97分，当时也是全国前几名吧。再考虑到我一个星期的准备时间，应该讲是最有效率了。现在谈一下我当时的一些准备经历以及对中国诸如四六级这种考试的认识与感受，与大家交流一下看法。
先说一下当时的整个过程吧。
我当时可以讲是给自己限制死了时间。就是一个星期的准备。一方面，是由于我们学校很重视外语的学习，从一年级开始我们就接受到了包括两名外教在内的比较系统而专业的培训，学生普遍对自己的水平很自信；另一方面，是由于我当时也是事情太多，脱不开身。
我是从做一套往年的真题开始接触四级的。这样的开始最直接，做完第一套题就大体给出了四级考试总体的难度范围以及自己水平与四级考试的适应程度。当时的感觉是试题总体难度不大，但是阅读理解题的答案倒是挺耐人寻味的，不过试题总的来讲在我的水平控制范围之内。
接下来便是制定计划复习。白天得上课，没有时间，便自然都压倒了晚上。依然是以做题为主，我采用了四级考试委员会与上海外语教育出版社出的一本《四级考试历年考试题及答案详解》，书中一共10套题，每晚6：00到10：30做两套题加总结分析，这一段时间可谓是黄金时间，我是绝对地集中精力，做题时模拟考试场景，给自己规定时间，做完题后结合书后的答案详解，仔细分析错题的原因。
分析试题是当时的重点，我当时给每一套做过的题都做了一些数字统计，包括语法单词选择题每套考几道纯语法题，几道单词辨析题，包括阅读理解题每套考几道综合分析推理，几道回归原文找答案等。这样就相当于把一套考试题做了一次清楚而较彻底的解剖，几套题做下来，四级考试题考察的知识类型、范围就基本上脉络清晰了。
当然不能为统计分析而分析，最重点的还是结合自己的实际开动脑筋，对题目反复思考，体会出题人的思路，找出题目的规律。这是最核心的部分。我当然思考的重点是阅读理解部分，因为这一块分值大（40分），由于思路不对而非水平不够失掉分的可能性也大。
我当时可以讲是对所有的分析推理题，也就是所谓“隐含意”的题都进行了彻底的思考，一次次地把自己的思路往答案需要的方向，也就是出题人的思路上靠，最后终于是做到了一看到题，就会有到位的反应。
由晚上11：00至12：30左右则是复习四级单词时间。四级题目中为一些四级范围单词量身定做的题目不少，因此这一部分必须准备，用的书可以选择的范围很大，书店里巨多，我也就不必指出一本了。就这样，我有条不紊把按部就班地复习了七天，就上考场了。我的经历中并未提及听力与作文部分，因为这两部分客观地讲是你实力就根本的表现，不是做题找规律能提高多少的，不过当然在规定时间内多做几篇文（可以参考一下TOEF作文），抽空多听听英语题也有一定作用。
以上的经历归结为一条经验，把题做熟了，把题思考透了，你就已经尽到最大的努力了。
一个星期的经历，使我对中国的这种英语水平测试有了进一步的认识。从高考到四级，无非是一条路线，即考你合面扎实的语法基础，说实话，特别是后者，与你的英文水平联系不是特别大，当然，你没有一定的英文基础也是不行的，但是有了基础后就得去找这些不属于语言学而属于“题目学”的规律了。
因此我在这儿劝那些真正有志于“学”的同学们，别把这考试太当回事，平时该怎么学就怎么学，注意水平的积累，不要整天按考试的日程走。只有这样，你学到的，才是会使你一生受益的知识，而不是会使你一时受益的技巧。
本文作者注：本文纯属个人经验，适用于有一定英文基础者，如单词还记不住几个，那还是选把单词背了，把高中大学英语课补了再来阅读此文。祝大家都有一个好运气，一个好成绩。
英语四级听力要求
四级考试听力理角的难易程度是根据《大学英语教学大纲》中对大学英语四级听力方面所提出的要求来确定的。99新大纲对听力要求做了调整；四级语速每分钟130——150词（旧大纲要求四级语速每分钟120词）。研究表明，听力语速慢会使英语学习者在听音时有可能将所听内容译成本族语，影响了听力理解率，妨碍了学习者听力水平的大幅度提高，因此在英语学习时应尽早听正常语速的材料。此外，英语为母语者的讲话语速通常总是根据内容和对象而有所变化，他们的语速一般为每分钟165——180词，演讲时的语速一般为每分钟140词，还有研究指出，语速在每分钟145——185词时通常并不影响英语学习者的理解程度。根据上述研究和我国学生一修订后的新大纲取一变化幅度值，且下限略低于每分钟140词的演讲语速，这是符合实际、可以达到的指标。
为了达到以上要求，学生必须掌握一定听力技能（Listening Skills）《大纲》要求学生在学完四级时，掌握以下听力技能：（1）辨别语流中的音素；（2）辨别重音类型（3）理解婉诉使句的声调，理解表达不确定、疑问句、陈述句的升调以及反意疑问句的语调；（4）理解句子和话语的交际价值；（5）通过声音的高低、快慢，辨认语篇中的要点和主要信息；（6）作准确的判断；（7）做笔记。
考生是否具力求这些技能，是关系到能否顺利通过这一部分考试的关键。第一、二项技能是理解句子表层意义的基本条件。第三项技能对了解讲话人的情感、态度从而正确地判断说话人之间的关系以及话语的实际们含义是不可缺少的。有时讲话人采用的语音形式与期望传递的信息不一致，例如：使用问句却无意要求回答，使用陈述句却达到祈使目的等。因此，考生必须掌握第四项技能（即了解话语在社会活动中可能产生的实际效果或对话人的行为可能产生的影响），才能真正理解讲话人的意图。第五项技能对解答考试中听力理解B节的试题十分重要。要理解语篇材料的主旨在磁电，并记住其中的重要事实，具备辨认这些信息的能力则是先决条件。第六项技能要求能通过对话内容，判断讲话人之间的关系、讲话人所处的场所以及未经讲话人点明的事实。第七项技能是“做笔记”。虽然四级考卷中没有直接的笔记题，但新增设的“听写”题型实则是这一技能的另一种非常扫接近的测试形式，记下的应是关键词句。加强这一技能的训练，能帮助考生在考试过程中及进、准确地抓住所需信息，这一点在B节中尤为重要。
总之，四级考试听力理解部分虽然没有完全按《大纲》要求掌握的技能分门别类一一了题，但要真正提高听的能力并在考试中取得好成绩，掌握以上各项技能是必要条件。所以，考生要想顺利的完成这部分考试题，不但要多听多练，还要多思考、多归纳、多总结。训练中，以基本功为基础再辅以一定的技能，切莫本末倒置，得技巧而轻基础，使听力训练误入歧途，成为空中楼阁。
另外，必须指出，要达到《大纲》所规定的听能，考生还必须具备一定的快速阅讯能力和一定的词汇量。词汇量不足无疑会影响理解质量，很难想象一个人会听懂生词满篇的材料。除词汇量外，阅读速度对于听力理解同样至关重要，因为考试中仅有15秒的时间供考生阅读每道题的选择项并做出正确选择，阅读速度太慢显然是不物行的，考生必须抢间隙时间看。因此，略读和快速查读这两项快速阅读技能是十分重要的。
四六级作文常用句式
以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的1——2个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。
1.表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this.
2）The reasons for this are as follows.
3）The reason for this is obvious.
4）The reason for this is not far to seek.
5）The reason for this is that……
6）We have good reason to believe that……
例如：
There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly，peoples living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.
注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life.There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。
2.表示好处
1）It has the following advantages.
2）It does us a lot of good.
3）It benefits us quite a lot.
4）It is beneficial to us.
5）It is of great benefit to us.
例如：
Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.
3.表示坏处
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages.
2）It does us much harm.
3）It is harmfulto us.
例如：
However，everything dividesinto two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi-sion.
4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb.to do sth.
2）We think it necessary to do sth.
3）It plays an important role in our life.
例如：
Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business.Soon，computers will be found in every home，too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.
5.表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures.
2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties.
3）We should do our utmost in doing sth.
4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with.
例如：
The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it.
6.表示变化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications.
3）The computer has brought about many changes in education.
例如：
Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.
7.表示事实、现状
1）We cannot ignore the fact that……
2）No one can deny the fact that……
3）There is no denying the fact that……
4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
5）However，thats not the case.
例如：
We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.
8.表示比较
1）Compared with A，B……
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
3）There is a striking contrast between them.
例如：
Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least，they contribute to peoples health by giving them due physical exercise.
9.表示数量
1）It has increased（decreased）from……to……
2）The population in this city has now increased（decreased）to 800，000.
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15%compared with that of January.
例如：
With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.
再如：
From the graph listed above，itcan be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.
注：“From the graph listed above，it can be seen that”见句式12。考生将句式9和句式12结合在一起，便可较好地写出2002年6月CET-4、6短文写作的第一段。
10.表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth.
2）People have different opinions on this problem.
3）People take different views of（on）the question.
4）Some people believe that……Others argue that……
例如：
People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success.
Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However，others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.
再如：
Dolucky numbers really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it.
注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。
11.表示结论
1）In short，it can be said that……
2）It may be briefly summed up as follows.
3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that……
例如：
From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however，its method should be improved.
注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。
12.套语
1）Its well known to us that……
2）As is known to us……
3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about.
4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that……
5）As aproverb says，Where there is a will，there is a way.
例如：
As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus.
The reason for this is obvious.Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer anivory tower.As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus.Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate.
再如：
Does it pay to be honest？This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it.
大学英语四六级考试新计分体制
8月15日，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会公布了大学英语四、六级考试新的计分体制和成绩发布方式。自2005年6月考试起，总分满分为710分，各单项分之和等于总分。总分在220分以上？穴含220分？雪的考生可获成绩报告单。计分体制改革后，各校须严格执行“学完四级考四级、学完六级考六级”的规定，避免学生提前报考。考委会将根据前一次四级考试的总体情况，在420分至480分之间确定一个分值，作为当次报考六级的资格线，此资格线适用于历次参加过四级考试的在校生。此外，从2007年1月起，四、六级不再接受非在校生报名。
自2005年6月起，四、六级考试的分数在经过加权、转换等数据处理后，总分满分为710分，各单项分之和等于总分。考试不设及格线，取消证书，改发成绩报告单，以利于广大师生和学校行政部门根据本校的教学实际，合理使用四、六级考试的成绩和相关数据。
2005年6月大学英语四、六级考试各单项成绩计分如下：听力？穴20%？雪满分为142分；阅读？穴（40%？雪满分为284分；综合？穴25%？雪满分为178分；作文？穴15%？雪满分为106分。单项部分如没有作答或全部答错，该部分成绩为0分。
自2005年6月考试起，总分在220分？穴含？雪以上的考生可以获得成绩报告单。凡总分在220分以下者，其单项分和总分均为0分，不发成绩报告单。
考试成绩发布后，考生可根据考试委员会提供的分数百分位对照表和单项分数百分位对照表，了解自己的成绩在所有考生中的位置。
大学英语四、六级考试成绩报告单由教育部高等教育司委托全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会发放。成绩单内容包括：总分、各单项分、考生姓名、学校和院？穴系？雪、考试时间、准考证号、身份证号或其它有效身份证件号、成绩单编号、考生照片等。
计分体制改革后，各校须严格执行“学完四级考四级、学完六级考六级”的规定，避免学生提前报考。计分体制改革后不设固定的六级报考资格线。考委会将会根据前一次四级考试的总体情况，在420分—480分之间确定一个分值，作为当次报考六级的资格线，过了此资格线的考生才能考六级。2005年6月以前已获得四级证书的在校学生，凭四级证书报考六级。2007年1月起，不再接受非在校生的报名。
此外，改革后报考口语考试的资格线，四级暂定为550分；六级暂定为520分。2005年6月以前已获得四、六级证书的在校学生，报考口语考试的资格线仍为四级80分或六级75分。
备战英语四级考试的招术
听力——
▲【应对招数之一】
了解题型：听力对话部分，通常涉及到的是日常生活中遇到的事情，比如计算时间、价格，判断人物的身份及之间的关系等。这些都与日常生活有关。
听对话的时候要注重技巧，要听对话中的“信号词”（keywords）。举例说，如果听到stamp这个词，出题问地点时答案可能就是“邮局”，问关系则可能是“邮局工作人员和客户的关系”。如果听到medcine，对话则很可能发生在药店或医院。
▲【应对招数之二】
疯狂练习：听力在短时间飞速提高不太可能，但是熟能生巧。拿周杰伦的歌为例，刚开始听可能不知道他在唱些什么，但是听个十遍八遍就听懂了。所以说，听得越多，提高得就越快。
注意：听得越多越熟悉，不是要听多少盒磁带，而是要一盒磁带听多少遍。通常情况考生准备两盘磁带就够了，磁带最好是历年的真题。然后疯狂去听，疯狂去练。
王教授说，考生平时听的磁带一盒60分钟，按听力题的标准语速四级每分钟120个词、六级140个词每分钟去计算，一盒磁带有六七千个词汇，除去重复的，至少有八百到一千个词汇。反复听，在这个磁带上能听懂的词汇，换到别的磁带上也能听懂。
▲【应对招数之三】
随时动笔：“可以利用点滴时间去听”，“也可以用整块时间去听，每次最多半个小时（时间太长容易乏味）”，王教授提醒考生，不但要做到每个单词都能听懂，知道是什么意思，还需要知道怎么去写。因为新旧题型中都有“听写”，而听写每年的分值都很低，所以考生在练习听的同时必须要练习写。听了一句话后，立即按下暂停键，把听到的句子写下来，检查自己是否能写正确。“动笔”不单单应对“听写”，对理解、选择也很有帮助。很多时候，考生当时听懂了但一转眼就忘了，所以平时训练时就要记笔记，一边听一边把“keywords”记下来。全文听完后把keywords串起来，一篇文章大概的意思就明白了。
阅读——
阅读理解部分考查考生多方面的能力，包括词汇、语法、阅读等，更看重考查考生的综合能力。新题型中，阅读理解部分的分值减少，题型变化，更符合教学大纲的要求。“语篇分析”是一种比较难的能力测试，对一个词的理解要放在整篇文章中去。
▲【应对招数之一】
储备词汇：想要做好阅读理解，词汇量必须达到基本要求，语法知识也必须掌握。CET考试逐渐淡化“纯粹”的词汇、语法考查，但不意味着考生可以放弃词汇、语法。王教授指出，单词背不住有两个原因：功夫没到家；没有掌握技巧。有些技巧可以助考生事半功倍，比如联想法、串联法等。
▲【应对招数之二】
博闻广记：考生要注意一种现象，在阅读理解中有些词很“面熟”，也知道是什么意思，但整个句子理解起来却有些别扭。这是因为常用词在特定语境中，也可能出现它的某一个次常用含义。如果考生不知道，就会造成阅读障碍，这就要求背单词时不能光看第一个意思，而忽略后面的意思。
单词掌握好，语法知识也不能忽略，不排除在阅读理解中遇到一些比较复杂结构的句子。如果一个句子中有多个从句，如果不能理解从句之间的关系，就理解不了句子，而影响到整篇文章的理解。
▲【应对招数之三】
关注语境：四六级考试中有这样一种现象：文章读起来不难，做起题来感觉难，尤其是类似于“本文推断、暗示出什么？”这样的题目。原因是考生感觉理解文章了，但理解仍停留在表面，所以就需要有技巧地阅读，也就是说要：read between the lines（透过字里行间去读），要从提供的语境中揣摩某个句子某个词是什么意思。
比如小强做什么事情时小红总指手画脚、不停教导，有一次又是这样，小强对小红说，“Are you telling me？”这时候，句子就不再是表面意思“你正在告诉我吗？”而是“这还用你说吗？”“用不着你说！”的意思，表达情绪的不满。
▲【应对招数之四】
改变坏习惯：有些考生的阅读习惯很糟糕，比如lip reading和Poiting reading。阅读时即使不出声但嘴巴在动，属于lip reading，还有的考生必须用笔或手指帮助阅读，也就是poiting reading。这比用眼睛看要花费更多时间，阅读习惯直接影响阅读速度。正确的习惯是eye moving，且不是一个单词一个单词地看，而是一组一组地看，以“sense group”意群为单位阅读文章。在做题看选项时，要认真看、准确把握题干中的信号词，以便在文章中准确找到相关信息。
▲【应对招数之五】
快速阅读题型将在新题型试卷中首次出现。考生在复习阶段必须有意识地培养快速阅读能力。在平时的训练过程中，应注意通过对逻辑关系、标点符号及一些特征语言信息点等方法的积极运用，实现文章主旨的快速把握，并对随后的题目进行有效地判断和填写。
综合测试——
▲【应对招数】
做真题可以达到巩固知识、练习题型的目的，如果做题时和考场上一样限定时间，效果也不错。对于改错题和“汉译英”，则可以找一些正规出版社出版、时间较近的参考书、题册进行专项练习。
写作——
王教授曾多次参加四六级阅卷，他发现作文对许多考生来说是块难啃的“硬骨头”，提高起来有难度。不过，只要现在开始勤加练习，写出一篇及格的文章并不很难。四级考试要求，30分钟120个词左右，体裁有议论文、说明文、应用文。议论文、应用文的可能性比较大。无论哪种文体，都应做到“一个切题，三个避免”。
▲【应对招数之一】
三个避免：“切题”指首先要保证所写文章必须围绕给定的题目，避免拼写错误；避免语法错误；避免中文式英语。
▲【应对招数之二】
喜“新”厌“旧”：写作文时做到一个切题、三个避免，拿到基本分问题就不大了。要想让分数上一个档次，文章中就需要多几个闪光点。闪光点体现在用词上、用的句子结构上。在用词时要喜“新”厌“旧”，尽量不要用中学时“小儿科”的词汇，多用四六级词汇表中的“新词”。比如写作时用“be indiffrent to”表示“对……冷漠、漠不关心”就比“be cool to”好，后者比较普通，没有新意。
写议论文、说明文都需要讲理由，就需要排序，考生多用first，second，third等，就不如用新颖些的in the first place，效果要好。
句子结构也要尽量新鲜。比如Every body know that.就不如It is well-known to everyone that.来得精彩，更能博阅卷老师青睐。
▲【应对招数之三】
讲究语篇结构：写作时，考生还需要注意文章章法的合理性，做到起、承、转、合，有头有尾；确保主体段落有明确的中心思想句，后面的扩展层次清楚；用不同的形式开始句子，注意句子的长短结合。如果能做到连贯性和整体性，整篇文章就不错了。
新四级选词填空和快速阅读
英语四级新样题出炉，本报邀请相关专家详解新四级在阅读、听力等题型上的变化
上周，北京新航道学校国内考试中心第一时间拿到了四级新样题，据新航道学校校长胡敏说，除写作篇因为多年来一直在更新变化，此次新样题中变化较少外，阅读篇、听力篇、综合篇、语法词汇篇都更加注重对考生英语运用能力的考核。
阅读篇新增选词填空和快速阅读
新四级阅读理解的分值比重由过去的40%下降到35%.在测试内容方面，仔细阅读的文章减少至两篇，新增加了选词填空和快速阅读。选词填空考查方式为：从一篇220字左右的文章中，留出10个单词的空格，从给出的15个备选单词中选出10个填入空格处，使文章意思通顺，表达正确。这部分主要考查考生对词汇的认知和语法的理解。另外，快速阅读要求在15分钟内完成一篇1200字左右的文章和后面的10道题，前7个是判断正误题，后3个是填空题。由此不难看出，“快速+准确”是今后四级阅读部分考查的重点。
听力篇增加长对话淡化答题技巧
从最新的样题中可以看出，听力总共分为三个部分：第一部分由八个小对话和两个长对话组成；第二部分是三篇小文章；第三部分为复合式听写。主要的变化来自第一个部分，小对话由原来的十个减少到八个，增加了两个长对话，每个长对话之后会有3至4道题。测试时间的长度也从原来的20分钟增加到了35分钟。
听力部分在改革后的新四级中将呈现以下几个特点：（1）加大分值比重。从分值上看，由原来的20%增加到了35%，和阅读理解平分秋色，可以看出改革之后听力在四级考试中的重要性。（2）增加听力难度。从题型上看，增加了长对话。长对话要求考生注意力更加集中。（3）淡化答题技巧。新四级试题中看选项就能直接得出正确答案的题目越来越少。可以预见，原来那些所谓的解题技巧在今后的新四级中将逐步淡出舞台。
综合篇不能忽视改错和简要回答
综合部分主要包括完型填空或改错、汉译英或简要回答问题。此次最新样题中在综合部分出现了完型填空和汉译英，但在《大学英语四级考试（CET-4）试点考试样卷》中有这样一句话值得各位考生注意：四、六级考试改革项目组和考试委员会在试测的基础上设计了本样卷，即改革后四级考试的范型卷。实际考试中，可根据附表中所描述的框架结构，采用与样卷不完全相同的题型。所以考生在备考过程中改错和简要回答也是需要精心准备的。
语法词汇篇融入其他题型
自2004年6月以来，语法题就彻底退出了四级舞台，但这并不意味着四级考生可以忽视语法的重要性。在《大学英语四级考试（CET-4）试点考试样卷》中，第六部分出现了五道汉译英试题，共35分（710分制），当中至少有两道题涉及到了语法知识点；最新样题的第四部分选词填空，既考查考生对词汇意思的掌握，又考查了一些基本的语法知识点。此外词汇部分在改革后的四级中也将不复存在，而将考查融入到了其他部分。在未来新四级中，要求的核心词汇量应在2500词左右。
大学英语四级听力例句
1、across
1、表方位。
Lets go to the restaurant across the street and get something to eat.
让我们去街对面的餐馆买些吃的。
2、表动作，穿越。
You must go across the bridge and then turn right.
你必须先过桥，然后再往右拐。
2、age
1、年龄。最一般的表达。在此不赘述。
2、衰老。
the aging people=the old people
现代社会出现越来越严重的aging problem（人口老龄化问题）等。
3、all
1、shake all over 浑身颤抖
2、all of a sudden 突然地
All of a sudden，I remembered her name.我突然想起了她的名字。
3、by all means 一定
Ill come by all means.我一定会来的。
4、all night long 整晚
My present neighbor plays piano all night long.我现在的邻居整晚都弹钢琴。
4、apply
这里我们详细串联一下在听力考试中涉及到的与求职相关的短语。
apply for（申请），这是工作的第一步；既然要申请，必然需要递交letter of application（求职信），只要你足够confident about yourself，就有可能获得job interview（工作面试）的机会。是否能够give a good impression（留个好印象）给主管，那就得看你个人犄造化了。
有些工作岗位会require much traveling，（要求经常出差）还有些工作，做不了多久就会希望find a way out（找到出路）。
正所谓城里城外，各有风光。没工作的人想工作，有工作的人又烦工作。
5、as
1、作为，当作。
I am working as his teaching assistant.我作为他的助教进行工作。
2、as……as 就像……一样
Ive heard that he is as well-known as Johnson herself.我听说他跟约翰生本人自己一样著名。
I dont think it would be as boring as working in an office.
我并不认为这会跟在办公室工作一样枯燥。
It wasnt as easy as I had thought.这不像我想的那么简单。
Its not as bad as it looks.这并不像看上去的那么糟糕。
Is that optional course as hard as everybody says？
那个选修课真的就像每个人说的那样难吗ײַ
3、as far as I know 据我所知
As far as I know，whether therell be such a trip is yet to be decided.
据我所知，是否有这么一趟旅行尚未决定。
As far as I know，he works until midnight every day.
据我所知，他每天都工作到半夜。
4、as well 也
If the weather is this hot tomorrow，we may as well give up the idea of playing tennis outside.
如果明天温度还是这么高，我们也可能放弃到户外进行比赛的主意。
1、as soon as 一……就，尽快
I will do that for you as soon as I have fixed the machine.
一修好机器我就会尽快为你完成那个工作。
6、awfully
非常地，相当地。在口语中用于表程度的比例十分高。
awfully nervous 相当紧张；awfully cold 相当冷；awfully sorry 十分抱歉
Tom looks awfully nervous.汤姆看上去相当紧张。
I am awfully sorry.I didnt mean to hurt you.十分抱歉。我不想伤害你的。
7、be bound to
肯定，注定
The movie starts in 5 minutes and theres bound to be a long line.
电影还有5分钟就开始了现在那里肯定排着长队。
8、be tired of
厌烦。当一个人感到厌烦的时候，也是最容易lose ones temper（生气）的时候。
Im tired of movies about romantic stories.我已经彻底厌烦了电影中的浪漫故事。
9、be worn out
1、筋疲力尽，这个表达不太正式，多用于口语。
Im usually worn out at the end of the day.在一天快结束时我时常觉得很累。
2、破旧不堪。
My soles were worn out after a long time trip.经过长时间的旅行，我的鞋底已经破旧不堪。
10、better
1、d better 最好是
Id better read one of the articles for the class.我最好还是为上课读篇文章准备一下。
I think youd better find another partner.我想你最好还是另找一个搭档吧。
2、make it better 让……更好
Id rewrite the last two paragraphs to make it better.我已经重写了最后两段以使它更好。
3、be better 更好些
I told you it would be better for you if you took fewer courses during the first semester.
我告诉过你如果你在第一个学期少选一些课程会比较好一些。
11、bill
1、账单，买单。
I will pay the bill this time because last time you did it.这次我来买单，因为上次是你。
2、提案。
We all passed the bill on yesterdays board meeting.
在昨天的董事会上我们全票通过该提案。
3、纸币。
Here‘s a 10-dollar bill.Give me two tickets for tonight’s show please.
这是一张10美元的纸币，请给我两张今晚演出的票，谢谢。
12、book
1、书。本意，简单名词。
2、预定，订购。be booked up 被预定空了；booking office 售票处
All the morning flights have been booked up.所有明早的飞机票都预定光了。
13、briefing
1、简介。会议之前，总要有一个项目叫做Give a briefing.
Mrs.Lungs briefing seems to go on forever.Lung女士的简报似乎没完没了。
2、news/press briefing 新闻发布会
14、change
1、改变，更改。这是该词的基本意思，看两个例子回顾一下。
Id love to see a different type of movie for a change.我想换换口味，看场不同类型的电影。
Ill have to get my ticket changed.我必须得更改我的票。
2、零钱。这是在口语中经常使用的意思。
Two tickets and heres a dollar forty cents change.这是两张票以及一美元四十美分的找零。
Jane，do you have some change？I have to make a call on the payphone.
Jane，你有零钱吗？我想在公用电话亭打个电话。
15、check
1、检查。基本意思。check our baggage 检查行李
Could you check for me who borrowed it？你能帮我查查是谁借走了吗？
Did you check the power plug and press the play button？
你是否检查了电源插头并按了播放键了呢？
2、登机台。check-in counter
Is this the check-in counter for Flight 914 to Los Angeles？
这是飞往洛杉矶的914号航班的登机台吗？
3、询问。check on it 问问看
Maybe I should call to check on it.也许我应该打个电话问问看。
4、支票。
Sign the check.签这张支票。
16、copy
1、一本，一份。a copy of 口语中经常使用。
I‘d like to buy a copy of Professor Franklin’s book On American Culture.
我想买本富兰克林教授写的关于美国文化的书。
Would you like a copy of professor Smiths article？
你想要份史密斯教授的文章吗？
2、复印。简单动词。
Could you copy this article for me？你能为我拷贝一下这篇文章吗？
17、count
1、数数。
She is counting the days.她每天都在数着日子。
2、指望。count on 依赖
Well have to count on good weather.我们不得不指望一个好天气。
18、cover
1、封面。hard cover 精装书，与hard back book同意。另外，每个娱乐杂志的封面都免不了会有一位漂亮时尚的cover figure（封面人物）。
The hard cover is on sale for the same price as the paperback this week in the bookshop.
在书店，这些精装本与平装本价格相同。
2、读完，完成。
I think weve covered everything.我认为我们完成所有事情了。
I just covered a few chapters which interested me most.我只读完了自己最感兴趣的几章。
19、crossword puzzle
纵横字谜，一种填字游戏。既可以entertain oneself（自我娱乐），也是一种不错的智力训练。
This is not a game.Its only a crossword puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary.
这不是游戏。这只是可以帮助我提高单词量的一种纵横字谜。
20、drama
戏剧。这是一种西方的艺术形式。四级听力中曾经多次出现。其他的艺术形式还有TV play（电视剧），soap opera（肥皂剧），concert（音乐会）……
Some people just cant seem to appreciate real-life drama.
有些人似乎不愿意欣赏真实生活的戏剧表演。
21、drop
1、拜访。drop by
I wonder if you can drop by tomorrow evening.我想知道你能否在明晚过来。
1、载人一程。
Im going home，but I can drop you at the supermarket.我要回家，但我可以载你到超市。
2、忘掉，放弃。drop it
We can drop it this time.But dont do it again.这次我们可以算了，但下次不要再犯。
I have to drop it this time.我这次不得不放弃。
22、drunk driving
酒后驾驶。在四级听力中出现，一般都是作为traffic accident（交通事故）的主要原因之一。
I think its high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunk driving now.
我认为这是我们必须重视酒后驾驶的危险性的时候了。
23、expect
愿意“期待，期望”。
Nobody expects you to be a superstar.没有人指望你会成为超级明星。
引申意思为“等待，预期”。
The lecture was much more difficult to follow than I had expected.
这个演讲比我预期的要难懂多了。
Mr.Smith is expecting you at 3 oclock.史密斯先生等待着你三点钟到来。
24、extremely
使用频率非常高，不亚于very，这个东西extremely expensive。
The speech the blind girl gave this evening was extremely moving.
今晚那个盲的女孩的演讲非常感人。
25、film
1、电影。最常见用语。
2、胶卷。
ran out of film 胶卷用完；a roll of film 一卷胶卷；develop the film冲洗胶卷，说成wash就完蛋了。
3、拍摄。
film the river bank 拍摄河岸景致
26、gains and losses
得与失。
Think about the gains and losses before you make the decision.
在你做出决定之前，一定要好好想想得与失。
27、give
1、give sb a ride 请某人搭便车
Could you give me a ride to school tomorrow？你明天能载我一程去学校吗？
2、give sb a hand 帮助某人
Can you give me a hand，Mike？麦克，你能帮我一下吗？
3、give sb a ring 打电话给某人
I need to give Mum a ring and tell her I will not be back for dinner.
我要给妈妈打电话告诉她不回去吃晚饭了。
28、go
1、go broke 破产；身无分文
2、go for a ride 乘车外出
My sister wanted to go for a ride around town.我的姐姐想乘车去镇上转一转。
3、go Dutch 各付各的
4、go ahead 向前进；继续下去
Go ahead，please.请继续向前进。
5、go on forever 永远继续下去
Mrs.Lungs briefing seems to go on forever.郎女士的演说似乎没完没了。
6、go against 不顺心
Oh，yes，but not a thing to go against me.
哦，是啊，没有什么不顺心的事情发生在我身上。
7、go over 复习，温习
I‘ve have to go over my notes for tomorrow’s midterm.
我不得不为明天的期中考试复习笔记。
29、item
1、物品。I want to move a few heavy items into the car.我想把一些很重要的东西搬进车里。
2、项，东西。如果填表（fill in a form），就必然有many items to write。
3、指代工作。
What about a cup of coffee before we move onto the next item？
在进入下一个议程前要不要来杯咖啡。
30、keep
1、keep in touch（with）保持联系
But well keep in touch.但是我们会保持联系的。
Do you still keep in touch with your parents regularly after you leave them？
你离开父母以后还仍然与他们继续保持经常的联系吗？
2、keep an eye on 看守。
大学英语四级成绩查询
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大学英语四级 六级考试听力指导
1、问题类型
A节每组对话一般是在一男一女之间进行的一问一答。问题一般由先讲话的人提出。题目均以问句形式出现，其中多数是特殊疑问句。这些问题涉及的内容大致归纳如下：
A、多用来问以下内容：
1）问“是什么、要什么、讨论什么、什么种类”等，如：
What is the mans answer？
What does the woman want for lunch？
What are they talking about？
What kind of books does the man want to borrow？
2）问“做什么”，如：
What does the woman tell the man to do first？
What are the speakers doing now？
What will happen if John fails the exam？
3）问“什么含义”，如：
What does the man mean（imply）？
What does the womans answer suggest？
4）问“从对话中能获得什么信息或结论”，如：
What can we learn from the conversation？
What can be concluded from this conversation？
5）问“对某人或某事有什么看法”，如：
What does the man think of Miss Brown？
What does the woman think of the plan？
B、A节中用提出的问题主要问“对话可能是在什么场所发生的”，即：
Where does this conversation most probably take place？
Where does this conversation most likely occur？
Where are the man and woman？
C、可能问以下几个方面的情况：
1）问钟点（可用替换），如：
Man（M）：What time did yesterdays football match start？
Woman（W）：It was supposed to start at a quarter to 7，but it was delayed an hour.
Question（Q）：When did the game finally start？
2）问在哪个星期或星期几（后者可用替换），如：
W：I thought to go to town now.I have some shopping to do.
M：Don‘t spend too much，I won’t get paid until next week.
Q：When will he be paid？
3）问日期，如：
When will the winter vacation begin？
D、用提问的问题可以问原因，也可以问目的，如：
Why is the man late？
Why did the man repair the car by himself？
E、可能问对话者某一方的身份、对话人之间的关系或对话中涉及到的其他人的情况，如：
W：May I help you，Sir？
M：I hope so.It‘s my watch.I brought it in to be repaired，but I’ve lost the Receipt.
Q：Who is the man？
F、主要针对以下内容提问：
1）问做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具，如：
How did the teacher usually begin his class？
How does the man usually go to work？
2）问“对某事的感受如何”，如：
How does the man feel about the movie？
How do you like the film？
G、问“多少”，属于涉及数字的题，可能有以下几种形式：
How many persons……？
How many dozens of……does……want？
How much does……？
How old is……？
How long does it take……to……？
A节的问句根据疑问词划分，大致可以归为以上七类。A节中偶尔也有个别一般疑问句。但也可能出现其它类型的问句，（如以Whom，Whose，Which提问），或针对以上未归纳的内容进行提问。
2、对话内容分类
若按对话内容分类，则可分为以下几种类型：
A、时间类：包括直接型和计算型。如：
W：Your library books are due on December 13th.If you have notfinished using them by then，you may renew them once.
M：Thank you very much.I only need them for a few days.
Q：When must the man return his books to the library？
B、数字类：包括直接型和计算型。如：
W：Do you live in a college dormitory？
M：Yes，I do.Its a six-man suite，but at the moment only four of us live there.
Q：How many people share the suite now？
C、地点类：包括直接型和含蓄型。如：
M：I need to cash this check？
W：Will you step right over to the tellers window，please？
Q：swheresis the conversation most probably taking place？
D、否定类：此类对话既可以含有not，no，neither，nor等否定词，也有but，although等转折词，或由would rather，too……to结构及虚拟语气等表达。因此，对于后者要特别加以注意。如：
M：Ann，do you have any extra money you could loan me？
W：I wish I could help you.I went shopping yesterday.Now I have only two dollars till the end of the week.
Q：Will the man borrow any money from the woman？
此题的答案肯定是No。听这段话时要抓住I wish I could help you.这一关键话语。这句话虽然从表面上看是肯定式，但却隐含着I‘m sorry I can’t help you.的意思。
E、人物类：包括人物关系、人物身份两类。此类对话提供一个情节，能反映所涉及的人的关系或身份。如：
M：Good evening，Madam.There is a table for two over there.Thisway，please.
W：Thank you.Could I see the menu，please？
Q：Whats the relationship between the man and woman？
A）Husband and wife.B）Waiter and customer.
C）Salesman and customer.D）Host and guest.
F、活动类：这一类谈话内容可涉及上课、娱乐、工作、日常生活等各种情况。如：
W：Are you going to New York next weekend？
M：Yes，I‘m going to look up Bill while I’m there.
Q：Whats the man going to do？
这类对话中往往先后出现几种情况，要注意听问句是什么，然后再作出选择。
3、几种常见的解题方法
A节中的对话虽然简短，但多数情况下，往往不能从听到的内容中找到与选择项内容完全相同的部分，即对话中一般没有现成的答案。因此，在听的时候要注意抓住选择项的同义或反义词（组）用辨别法答题（解活动类多用此方法），或根据对话内容采用归纳、推论或辨别的方法回答。用这种方法答题，类型不仅仅限于诸如“what does the man mean？”这样的题目，其它如含蓄人物类、人物身份类、含蓄地点类、否定类题目也与此类似。如：
W：How do you like the play you saw last night？
M：Well，I should have stayed at home.
Q：What does the man think of the play？
A）It is exciting.B）It is boring.
C）He didnt see the play.D）He like it very much.
对话中“I should have stayed at home.”（我真该待在家里），这句话已婉转地表明他不喜欢这出戏，而对没有待在家里表示遗憾、后悔（should have done something这种结构可用来表示“对应该发生而实际上没有发生的事情表示遗憾、后悔或谴责”）。能使他产生此感想的原因自然是“The play is boring.”（演出令人厌烦），因而B是正确的答案。否定类题目多含有虚拟语气、语气否定、暗示比喻、强化意见等形式。这一节属于此数字类题目的对话中，多出现两处，甚至三、四处数字或时间，因此，除了用辨别方法外，有时必须用计算方法才能得出正确答案。
2005年1月英语四级考试试题（B卷下）
Passage FOUR Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Lead deposits，which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960‘s and 70’s，were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States.In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States，the lead accumulation world-wide has decreased significantly.
A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland.The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr.Charles Boutron，an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France.A study by Dr.Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic（北极的）snow were declining.
In his new study，Dr.Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European，Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate（分区）the lead sources.The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched
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