作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
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浙江大学《新编大学英语综合教程（2）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】试读：
Unit 1
一、词汇短语
Part 1. Preparation
by its very nature就其本质而言
unconditional [5QnkEn5diFEnEl] adj. 无条件的，无限制的，绝对的【例句】The victorious army demanded unconditional surrender. 胜方要求敌人无条件投降。【搭配】unconditional surrender 无条件投降
live up to不辜负；做到；实践【例句】In some ways, we failed to live up to one another’s expectations. 在某些方面，我们互相的期望都落了空。
do one’s duty尽职责
Part 2. Reading-Centered Activities
In-Class Reading
severely [si5viEli] adv. 严格地，激烈地【例句】Those responsible for this crime will be severely punished. 犯下这宗罪行的人将受到严厉惩罚。
severe [si5viE] adj. 严厉的，严格的；剧烈的；严重的，严峻的【例句】He’s suffering from severe mental disorder. 他患有严重的精神病。【助记】serve 服务，当仆人的工作非常严厉严格
cripple [5kripl] n. 跛子
v. 使残废，使瘫痪；削弱【例句】She was crippled in the car accident. 她在汽车出事时把腿伤成了残废。【助记】creep + 跛；音：跪跛【派生】crippling adj. 造成严重后果的
crippled adj. 残废的，跛腿的
stare [steE(r)] v. (at)凝视，盯着看；瞪【例句】He stared at the word trying to remember what it means. 他盯着这个单词，努力想记起它的意思。【词组】stare at 凝视，盯住
stare into 凝视
make sb. stare 使某人惊愕【派生】staring adj. 凝视的，目不转睛的；瞪着眼的；显眼的
be ashamed of为…感到羞耻【例句】You ought to be ashamed of your foolish behaviour. 你应当为自己的愚蠢行为而感到羞耻。
unwanted [5Qn5wCntid] adj. 不需要的；多余的；不受欢迎的；有缺点的【例句】This notice should keep unwanted visitors out. 这条启事能把闲人拒之门外。
bother [5bCTE] v. & n. 烦扰，打扰【例句】I’m sorry to bother you，but can you direct me to the railway station?
劳驾，你能不能告诉我到火车站怎么走?【词组】bother about/with烦恼，担心
bother to do特意，特地【助记】bo读：抱，ther＝her。抱她－她在好好背单词呢，你抱她不是打搅，打扰她吗？【派生】botheration n. 麻烦；烦恼
let on泄露；假装【例句】①Don’t let on about this meeting. 不要把这次会议的事泄露出去。
②The old man likes to let on that he is rich. 这位老人喜欢装得很富有的样子。
coordinate [kEu5C:dinit] n. 同等者，同等物
adj. 同等的，并列的
vt. 调整，协调；使同等【例句】Tie it with fabric bows that coordinate with other furnishings. 扎上和其他的饰品相配的布制蝴蝶结。【词组】coordinate with 使协调；配合【助记】co一起 + order 命令，秩序→一起听从命令就是协调【派生】coordinated adj. 协调的
coordination n. 协调，调和；对等，同等
halt [hC:lt] v. （使）停住，（使）停止
n. 止步，停步，停止前进【例句】No one can halt the advance of history. 谁也阻挡不了历史的前进。【词组】bring to a halt (bring a halt to) 使停止，终止，制止
come to a halt 停止前进；停下来
halt on 出错暂停
grind to a halt 慢慢停止【助记】ham 火腿，后腿 + per （音：跛）→后腿跛，后腿弄跛→妨碍，阻碍【派生】halting adj. 犹豫的；蹒跚的；跛的
halting [5hC:ltiN] adj. 跛的；犹豫的；蹒跚的【例句】The old woman’s halting steps revealed the feebleness of her constitution.
老人家蹒跚的脚步显出她体质衰弱。
go along前进，向前走；进行；支持；赞同【例句】①As we went along, the roads became muddier. 我们愈往前走，道路愈泥泞。
②You may have difficulty with this book at first, but you’ll find it easier as you go along.
你刚开始读这本书时可能会有困难，但读下去就会变得容易了。
set the pace (在比赛中)领先；定步速；定出步调(或速度)；起带头作用，带头【例句】The Joneses set the pace and their neighbors try to keep up with them.
琼斯一家带了头，邻居们尽力赶上他们。
adjust [E5dVQst] vt. 调节；整顿，调整
vi. 适应(to)；使调节【例句】She carefully adjusted her clothes and her hair before going out. 她出门之前仔细地整了整衣服和头发。【词组】adjust oneself to sth. 使自己适应【助记】ad (to) +just（正确）→让它正确→调整【派生】adjustment n. 调整，调节；调节器
despite [dis5pait] prep. 不管，不顾；尽管
n. 轻蔑；憎恨；侮辱【例句】He came to the meeting despite his serious illness. 尽管病得很重，他还是参加了会议。【词组】die of despite抱恨而死，冤死
despite of 不管；不顾in despite of 尽管；不管
despite all that 尽管如此【派生】despiteful adj. 有恶意的；故意为难的
nasty [5nAsti] adj. 肮脏的，卑劣的，下流的；令人厌恶的；威胁的
n. 令人不快的事物【例句】Mr. Palmer was offended by the clerk’s nasty words. 店员的脏话冒犯了帕尔默先生。【助记】na（那）+st（街）+y（why为什么）→那条街为什么那么→脏【派生】nastily adv. 污秽地；不洁地；讨厌地
make it（病痛等）好转；达到预定目标；及时抵达；走完路程【例句】You’ll make it if you hurry. 如果你赶紧点便能及时到达。
sleigh [slei] n. 雪橇
v. 用雪橇运送【例句】They went for a sleigh ride in the snow. 他们去雪地乘雪橇。【助记】音：死累 + weigh 很重死累死累的，雪橇拉的很沉很累
cling [kliN] vi. 粘紧，附着；坚持（意见）；墨守（习惯）
n. 紧抓，紧贴【例句】The baby clung to his mother. 宝宝紧紧偎着他的妈妈。【词组】cling on to 紧紧抱住，死抱不放【助记】音：抠拎，抠住拎着的东西；cl(i)（谐音：克里）+ing→克里依附于共和党进行竞选。
handrail [5hAndreIl] n. 栏杆，扶手
lower [5lEuE] vt. 减弱，减少；放下，降下；贬低
vi. 降低；减弱；跌落
adj. 下游的；下级的；下等的【例句】The temperature has lowered gradually this month. 这个月气温渐渐降低。【词组】lower oneself 失身份；自甘堕落【助记】low低的⇒lower较低的，低等的；下面的，下游的。
tunnel [5tQnl] n. 隧道，地道，山洞
v. 挖隧道【例句】The train passed through several tunnels under rivers. 火车穿过了几条江底遂道。
ice-free [5aIsfri:] adj. 不会冰冻的，不冻的
basement [5beismEnt] n. 地下室，地窖；墙脚【例句】It has central heating and a basement room. 房子里有暖气设备和地下室。【助记】base（基础）+ment（名词后缀）
marvel [5mB:vEl] n. 奇迹
vt. 对…感到惊异
vi. 感到惊讶【例句】①The operation was a marvel of medical skill. 这次手术是医术上的一个奇迹。
②The foreign tourists marvel at the fine view of the West Lake. 外国旅游者惊叹西湖的优美景色。【搭配】marvel at 对…惊奇
subject [5sQbdVikt] n. 题目，主题；科目，学科
adj. 受制于…的，受…影响的，隶属的；易遭…的
vt. 使屈从于…，使隶属【例句】The treaty is subject to ratification. 此条约经批准后才能生效。【词组】subject oneself to蒙受
on the subject of谈到…时，涉及…时
subject…to使服从于…；使某人（物）隶属于…：使经历…
on the subject 就某话题【助记】sub（在下边）+ject（扔）→扔到下面→使屈从于【派生】subjective adj. 主观的；个人的；自觉的
subjectivity n. 主观性，主观
indignity [in5di^niti] n. 轻蔑，侮辱，侮辱的行为【例句】I suffered the indignity of having to say I was sorry in front of all those people.
我得在那些人面前道歉，这等于受了侮辱。【搭配】put an indignity upon sb. 贬损某人的尊严，侮辱某人
inflict an indignity on someone对某人加以侮辱
be subject sb. to indignities贬损某人的尊严，侮辱某人
submit a person to indignities对某人加以侮辱【助记】in不 + dignity尊贵→不尊重别人→侮辱
bitterness [5bitEnis] n. 苦味；苦难；怨恨【例句】I still feel bitterness and anger towards the person who knocked me down. 我仍然对撞倒我的人愤恨不已。
complaint [kEm5pleint] n. 诉苦，抱怨，牢骚；控告；疾病【例句】You have no real grounds for complaint. 你没有真正的理由发牢骚。
now that既然；由于【例句】Now that you put your hand to the work, you should do your utmost to finish it.
既然你已经着手这项工作了，那就应该尽力完成它。
judge [dVQdV] vt. 判断；审判
n. 法官；裁判员
vi. 审判；判决【例句】I judge him to be about 40. 我断定他有40来岁。【词组】judge by 根据…作出判断【助记】音“榨汁”，又音“喳吱”。社会上有种说法“吃了原告，吃被告”。有些法官会“榨汗”，榨原告被告的油汁。法官喳喳吱吱时候，是在纠问式审判，现在是听判式，法官很少“喳吱”了。【派生】judgement n. 意见；判断力；审判；评价
precisely [prI5saIslI] adv. 精确地；恰好地；严谨地，严格地；一丝不苟地【例句】That is precisely the result the system is designed to produce. 那恰恰是设计该系统时所希望达到的结果。
engage [in5^eidV] v. (in)从事，着手；（使）订婚；雇佣；保证；约定【例句】Tom is engaged to Anne，and the wedding will be in October. 汤姆已与安订婚了，婚礼将在10月份举行。
I have no time to engage in gossip. 我无暇闲聊。【词组】be engaged to已订婚的
be engaged in/on忙于做
engage with 交战；与…接洽【助记】en（使…）+gage（挑战）→从事于挑战【派生】engagement n. 婚约；约会；交战；诺言
participate [pB:5tisipeit] v. (in)参与，参加；分享，分担；含有，带有【例句】In a modern democracy people want to participate more fully. 在现代民主政体中，人们要求更多的参与。【派生】participant adj. 参与的；有关系的
knowledgeable [`nClIdVEbl] adj. 知识渊博的；有见识的【搭配】knowledgeable person一百事通
knowledgeable employees知识型员工【助记】knowledge + able
memorable [5memErEbl] adj. 显著的，难忘的；值得纪念的【例句】The veteran soldier has fought many memorable battles. 这个老兵参加过许多难忘的战斗。【搭配】a memorable experience, concert, trip难忘的经历、音乐会、旅行
memorable sight难忘的情景
memorable years难忘的岁月
break out爆发（火灾，战争等爆发）
punch [pQntF] n. 猛击；穿孔；殴打；感染力；鸡尾酒
v. 打洞器；以拳重击；开洞【例句】He punched two holes in the tin of oil，and then poured it out. 他在油筒上打了两个孔，然后把油倒了出来。【词组】beat to the punch 比…先行动【助记】象声，乓哧一声打了一拳，打了个洞。
shove [FQv] n. 推，挤
v. 推，猛推；强使；乱推；乱塞【例句】①The car won’t start. Can you give it a shove? 车发动不起来了，你能帮忙推一下吗？
②Don’t try to shove all the work onto me! 别把工作都推给我！【词组】shove off开船离岸；走开，离去
shove sb. aside将某人推到一边【助记】shave 刮，剃；shove 是反方向向外推
content [kEn5tent] v. 使满足，使满意，使安心
n. 内容，容量；[ pl. ]目录；满足
adj. 满足的，满意的【例句】He is quite content with his present fortune. 他对自己目前的境遇颇为得意。【词组】be content to满足于…的
content with 满足于…；对…感到满意【助记】con+tent 共同的伸展，花开两朵，各表一枝，两方面同时写，内容。【派生】contented adj. 满足的；心安的
contentment n. 满足；满意
unaided [5Qn5eidid] adj. 未受协助的，独立的【例句】She professed that she could do nothing unaided. 她承认自己不能独立无助地做任何事。
frustration [frQs5treiFEn] n. 挫败；挫折；受挫【例句】He ground his teeth (together) in frustration. 他因失败而把牙咬得咯咯响。【词组】end in frustration以失败告终
deep frustration 灰心丧气
fighter [5faitE] n. 斗士，战士
urge [E:dV] v. 催促；怂恿；强调；鼓励，促进
n. 强烈的欲望【例句】He has an urge to become a film star. 他非常希望成为电影明星。【词组】urge sth. (on/upon sb. /sth. ) 竭力推荐或力陈某事物【助记】哦紧（有急事）。使劲赶（马）；推动。
take a dive认输；假装被击倒；突然下降，（市价）暴跌
bout [baut] n. （疾病等的）发作；（工作、活动等的）一阵；回合：较量【例句】①It may be too late to avoid another bout of price rises. 或许想避免下一轮的价格上涨为时已晚。
②He beat his opponent at one bout. 他一下子就打败了对手。【助记】boat out 出去赛船，比上一回合
vicarious [vai5kZEriEs] adj. 设身处地的，间接感受到的；代别人做的、感受的或经历的【例句】His success gave her vicarious pleasure. 他的成功给她如同身受的快乐。【派生】vicariously adv. 代理地，担任代理者地；间接感受到地【助记】vicar（ n. 代理主教：代替神父或主教的神职人员），ious：代理的
on leave休假；在休假中
see to it that务必做到，保证【例句】You must see to it that all the goods measure up to the specifications. 你们得保证所有商品都符合规格。
wonder [5wQndE] n. 奇迹；惊奇，惊愕
v. 诧异，奇怪；纳闷，想知道【例句】They were filled with wonder when they saw the spaceship. 他们看到太空船，不禁惊叹起来。【词组】no wonder 难怪；怪不得
wonder at 对…感到吃惊【助记】记忆：won-d-er，won是win赢的过去时 d的 er人，赢的人就能创造奇迹。【派生】wonderful adj. 奇妙的；极好的
reluctance [rI5lQktEns] n. 勉强，不情愿【例句】He went to the concert with much reluctance though he doesn’t like pop music at all.
他根本不喜欢流行音乐，但他还是很勉强地去听了那次音乐会。【搭配】with reluctance不情愿地，吞吞吐吐地，依依不舍地
unworthy [Qn5wE:Ti] adj. 不值得的，不配得到的；不相称的；不合身份的；卑鄙的，可耻的【例句】①I am unworthy of this honor. 我不配得到这一荣誉。
②Unworthy buildings should be demolished. 无价值的房屋应予以拆除。【词组】is unworthy of 不值得，不配【派生】unworthily adv. 不相称地；可耻地；不值得尊敬地；无价值地
unworthiness n. 无价值；不相称
complain [kEm5plein] v. 抱怨；控诉【例句】Stop grumbling! You’ve got nothing to complain about. 别抱怨了!你没什麽可抱怨的。【词组】complain about 抱怨
complain (to sb. ) of/about sth. 抱怨【派生】complaining adj. 抱怨的
complaint n. 抱怨；诉苦；疾病；委屈
trifle [5traifl] n. 少量；小事，琐事
v. （常与with连用）嬉耍，玩弄；忽视【例句】The topic is a trifle not worthy of such heated argument. 该问题只是件小事，不值得这么激烈地争论。【词组】trifle with 玩弄；视同儿戏；心不在焉地做【助记】音：穿衣服，这种小事不值一提【派生】trifling adj. 微不足道的；轻浮的
envious [5enviEs] adj. 嫉妒的，羡慕的【例句】Aged people are always envious of young people’s energy. 上年纪的人总羡慕年轻人的精力。【词组】envious of羡慕；妒忌【助记】envy 嫉妒的
regain [ri5^ein] v. 取回，收回；恢复【例句】I tried to regain my balance but I fell into the drink. 我试图恢复平衡，但我却掉进了水里。【搭配】regained the summit再次攀上顶峰
regain consciousness苏醒；恢复知觉
After-Class Reading
on duty值班，上班
observe [Eb5zE:v] v. 观察，看到，注意；遵守；监视；评述，说【例句】He said he would help，and he observed it. 他说过要帮忙的，他兑现了。【助记】ob（表方向）+serve（保持）→保持在眼前→观察【派生】observed adj. 观察的；观测的
observant adj. 善于观察的；机警的；严格遵守的
observation n. 观察；监视；观察报告
scrapbook [5skrApbJk] n. 剪贴簿
lap [lAp] n. 膝；衣服下摆；（跑道的）一圈；一段路程；工作阶段
v. 重叠；拍打；围住【例句】Her little girl sat on her lap. 她的小女儿坐在她的腿上。【助记】好像腿(leg)一样重叠起来。
reminisce [remI5nIs] v. 追忆，怀旧【例句】I don’t like reminiscing because it makes me feel old. 我不喜欢回忆旧事，因为这让我觉得我老了。【搭配】reminisce about her childhood回忆她的童年时光【助记】remin＝remind( v. 使想起)，isce－回忆
bygone [5bai^Rn] adj. 过去的；以往的
n. 过去的事【例句】Let bygones be bygones. 过去的事就让它过去吧。【搭配】in bygone days在逝去的岁月里【助记】by 过去 + gone 走过的过去分词→走过去的，pass by 经过
blond [blRnd] adj. 白肤金发的；浅色头发的，金黄色头发的
n. 白肤金发男子(女性为：blonde)【例句】Jenny has short, blond hair. 詹妮有一头金色的短发。【词组】blond hair金发
lover [5lQvE] n. 爱人；爱好者；情人
wrinkle [5riNkl] n. 皱纹
v. 使皱，皱缩【例句】Too much sunshine will wrinkle your skin. 过多的阳光会使你的皮肤起皱纹。【词组】wrinkle up 使起皱纹【助记】wr开头的词有“拧，转”的意思
monopoly [mE5nCpEli] n. 垄断；专利，专利权，专利事业【例句】The shop has a monopoly on imported air-conditioners. 这家商店专卖进口空调机。【词组】gain/hold/secure a monopoly 获得[持有/得到] 专利权【助记】mono（单个）+poly（运用）→一个人用一垄断【派生】monopolistic adj. 垄断的；独占性的；专利的
commodity [kE5mCditi] n. 商品，货物；日用品【例句】May is the season for this commodity on our market. 五月份是这种商品在我方市场上销售的季节。
lounge [laundV] n. 休息室；闲逛；躺椅；（英）酒吧间
vi. 闲逛；懒洋洋地躺卧；闲混
vt. 虚度光阴【例句】After dinner we all adjourned to the lounge. 饭后我们都到休息室去了。【助记】lounge 音“浪迹”→浪迹天涯的游子懒散地。
stroll [strEul] n. 散步，闲逛
v. 散步，遛达【例句】The boy was strolling in the street. 男孩在街上闲逛。【词组】take/have/go for a stroll 闲逛，散步，漫步【助记】st（联想：街道）+roll（滚动）→在大街上缓缓滚动→散步。
porch [pC:tF] n. 门廊，入口处【例句】A pigeon perched on our porch railing. 一只鸽子栖息在我们门廊的栏杆上。【助记】porch 音“抛弃”→把孩子抛弃在走廊里。
lawn [lC:n] n. 草地，草坪【例句】He busied himself in the lawn. 他忙于在草坪上干活。【助记】law（法律）+n（像一个门）→很多人乱踏草坪，所以要运用法律制一道保护的门。
devotion [di5vEuFEn] n. 献身；忠诚；奉献；热爱【例句】His devotion to the cause of peace is well known. 他对和平事业的献身精神是众所周知的。【搭配】devotion to duty忠于职守(常用于正式嘉奖大会上)
dependent [di5pendEnt] n. 受抚养者；靠他人生活者【例句】The dependent cannot live independently. 依靠别人的被赡养者不能独立生活。
ritual [5ritjuEl] n. 典礼，（宗教）仪式，礼节；习惯，老规矩
adj. 典礼的，（宗教）仪式的【例句】There they are engaged in an entirely different ritual. 在那里，他们执行一套完全不同的仪式。【助记】来自rite（ n. 仪式），仪式(rite)要正确(right)【派生】ritually adv. 仪式上地；依据仪式上地
rite n. 仪式；惯例，习俗；典礼
medication [7medi5keiFEn] n. 药物治疗，药物处理，药物【例句】The infection is at last responding to medication. 药物治疗终于开始对感染显出效果。
nightgown [nait^aun] n. 女睡衣
slipper [5slipE(r)] n. 拖鞋；便鞋【例句】This pair of slippers is my favorite. 这双拖鞋是我最喜欢的。
await [E5weit] vt. 等候，期待；（事情等）降临于【例句】Death awaits us all. 死神在等着我们所有的人。
watchful [5wCtFful] adj. 警惕的，戒备的；注意的【例句】①The children played under the watchful eye of their father. 孩子们在父亲的小心照看下玩耍。
②You must be watchful of your health. 你必须注意你的健康。【词组】be watchful for/be careful of 当心【派生】watchfully 警惕地
watchfulness 警觉性
pill [pil] n. 药丸，药片
vt. 把…制成丸剂；使服用药丸【例句】This pill is to be sucked，not swallowed. 此丸宜含服。【词组】sugar/sweeten the pill降低某事物令人厌恶的程度【助记】解字：p（people）+ill，记忆：人（们）病了要吃→药丸。
tuck [tQk] v. 塞进，插进；卷起，折起；打褶桐【例句】She tucked her scarf into her blouse. 她把围巾塞进罩衫内。【词组】tuck away畅饮，大嚼
tuck in紧缩；塞入；尽情地吃
frail [freil] adj. 虚弱的，脆弱的
n. 灯心草篓；少妇；少女【例句】His frail hands could hardly hold a cup. 他虚弱的手连杯子也拿不住。
overnight [5EuvE5nait] adv. 通宵；突然；昨晚
adj. 晚上的；通宵的；前夜的
n. 头天晚上；一夜的逗留
vt. 连夜快递
vi. 过一夜【例句】We stayed overnight with my mother. 我们整个晚上都和妈妈在一起。
deprive [di5praiv] vt. 使丧失，剥夺【例句】The court ruling deprived us of any share in the inheritance. 法庭裁决剥夺了我们全部的继承权。【词组】deprive sb. of… 剥夺某人的…，使某人丧失…；免去某人（职务）【助记】dep―深的(deep)的近似拼写；rive―河(river)的近似拼写。记忆：这条很深的河夺去了她的生命。【派生】deprivation n. 剥夺；损失；免职
tender [5tendE] adj. 嫩的，温柔的；脆弱的；疼痛的；易受伤害的，善良的
vt. （正式）提出；提供；投标
vi. （常与for连用）投标（做某事）
n. 照管者，照料者【例句】My finger is tender because I cut it yesterday. 我的手指一碰就疼，因为我昨天把它割破了。【词组】tender (for sth. )投标【助记】疼的（谐音）→皮肤娇嫩的人被打了一下→疼的【派生】tenderness n. 亲切；柔软；柔和；敏感
rail [reil] n. 栏杆，扶手；[ pl. ] 铁路，铁轨
vi. 责骂，抱怨【例句】She did not rail at her husband. 她没有责备丈夫。【词组】by rail 由铁路，乘火车
on the rails 正常进行；在正常轨道上
off duty下班
motionless [5mEJF(E)nlIs] adj. 不动的, 静止的【例句】He has this ability of being able to remain as motionless as a statue, for hours on end.
他有能像雕塑一样连续数小时保持静止的能力。【搭配】motionless satellite同步卫星【助记】motion + less
shift [Fift] n. 转换，转变；（轮）班，（换）班
vt. 替换，移动，改变【例句】See me safe up: for my coming down，I can shift for myself.
我不会出事的：即使我落魄，也可以自谋生路。【词组】make shift代用，将就使用
shift for oneself自谋生计
shift away 把…移走；搬走【助记】电脑键盘上的shift键，shift 转换，很快地转换【派生】shifting n. 移位
come back to life复活；恢复健康，苏醒过来
puzzle [5pQzl] n. 谜，迷惑，难题
vt. （使）迷惑；（使）为难；（使）苦思
vi. 迷惑；冥思苦想【例句】She listened with a puzzled expression on her face. 她带着困惑的表情倾听着。【词组】puzzle out 苦苦思索而弄清楚【派生】puzzlement n. 迷惑；费解
recognition [7rekE^5niFEn] n. 认出，辨认；承认；赏识【例句】My recognition of him was immediate. 我立刻认出是他。【词组】in recognition of表彰，报偿
beyond recognition 面目全非；识别不出
well up涌出；流露；萌发【例句】The workers were excited when oil welled up. 当原油从地下喷出的时候，工人们都激动了。
slide [slaid] v. 滑动，滑行
n. 幻灯片；滑梯；下降，下滑；滑坡【例句】She fell over and slid across the shiny floor. 她跌倒了，滑过了发亮的地板。【词组】slide down 滑下，往下滑；塌陷；下滑音
slide over 略过；回避【助记】s+lid（盖子）+e→盖子太滑，从桌子上滑了下去。【派生】sliding n. 滑；移动
pamper [5pAmpE] vt. 姑息纵容，娇生惯养；使满足【例句】Don’t pamper your little daughter. 别把你的小女儿娇惯坏了。【搭配】pamper one’s stomach放纵食欲，满足胃口
pamper oneself after a hard day at work 劳累工作一日之後放纵自己【助记】原指使吃得过饱，音：胖胖，使自己的孩子成了小胖胖，太关心娇惯了
staff [stB:f] n. 全体工作人员；棍，棒；拐杖；参谋部
v. 配备工作人员【例句】I have arranged that one of my staff will meet you at the airport. 我已经安排好派一个职员到飞机场接你。【助记】一个明星(star)后面都跟着一群工作人员(staff)。
gaze [^eiz] v. & n. 凝视，注视【例句】The child gazed at the toys in the shop window. 孩子眼睛盯着商店橱窗里的玩具。【词组】gaze at盯着看，凝视
at gaze （惊讶地）站着凝视的
gaze on/upon sb/sth看某人/某事物【助记】谐音“盖茨”。看到比尔·盖茨会凝视，很感兴趣的看。
withdraw [wiT5drC:] vt. 收回，撤消
vi. 缩回，退出，撤退；提取（钱）【例句】I want to withdraw a statement I made earlier. 我想收回我早些时候发表的一项声明。【派生】withdrawal n. 撤退，收回；提款；取消；退股
restless [5restlis] adj. 得不到休息的；不平静的；坐立不安的，烦躁不安的【例句】From the audience came increasing restless sounds. 从观众中传来了越来越大的焦躁不安的声音。
insecure [7insi5kjuE] adj. 不安全的；(诺言等)不可靠的；(地面、冰等)易坍陷的；没有把握的【例句】She feels very insecure about her marriage. 她对自己的婚姻缺乏信心。【搭配】insecure of the future对前程无把握
insecure (about sb/sth) 缺乏安全感的；感到无保障的；信心不足的
an insecure footing不稳固的立足地【助记】secure（ adj. 安全可靠的；放心的；无虑的）; in 不 + secure
impulsively [im5pQlsivli] adv. 易冲动地【例句】Impulsively, she dropped them into her purse. 一时心血来潮，她抓起它们扔进钱包里。
floodgate [5flQd^eIt] n. 水门，(河流, 运河的)水闸，防潮水闸
turn up出现；发生；开大；发现
confidential [kCnfi5denFEl] adj. 秘（机）密的；表示信任的；担任机密工作的【例句】Don’t repeat what I said (to anyone), it’s confidential. 别把我的话告诉别人——这是秘密。【助记】con 一起 + fident→只让相信的人知道→机密的。
confidentially [7kCnfi5denFElI] adv. 秘密地；亲密地，十分信任地【例句】He told me confidentially that he’s thinking of resigning next year. 他私下告诉我他打算明年辞职。
throat [WrEut] n. 咽喉；喉咙；嗓子【例句】He always ram his political opinions down my throat. 他常把自己的政治观念强加于我。【词组】cut one’s own throat （因愚蠢﹑顽固等）做损害自己或自己利益的事，卡自己的脖子
have a sore throat 嗓子疼
clear one’s throat 清嗓子
melodious [mi5lEudjEs] adj. 音调优美的，悦耳的【例句】This string of bells he made sounds very clear and melodious. 他制作的这个串铃声音清脆悦耳。【搭配】the melodious song of a bird鸟儿悦耳的歌声
a melodious voice悦耳的嗓音
clear and melodious清脆
二、课文精解
Part 1. Preparation
1．Motherly love by its very nature is unconditional.
motherly形式上像副词，但其实为形容词，表示“母亲的，慈母般的”。
词组by its nature意为“其性质”。
unconditional无条件的，绝对的。
2．…or lived up to any expectation.
live up to意为“不辜负，做到；实践”。
例：Where we need to improve, or where we fail to live up to our ideals, we want the criticism.
对我们需要改进的地方，或者距离理想状态尚有不足的地方，我们也欢迎批评。
3．I love you because you fulfill my expectations, because you do your duty, because you are like me.
do your duty承担责任，尽职，尽本分。
例：Do your duty to your country. 为你的国家尽义务。
Part 2. Reading-Centered Activities
In-Class Reading
1．More than I realized, Dad has helped me keep my balance.
more than多余，超出。此处表示“我没有意识到”。
balance平衡。keep与balance连用为固定用法，意为“保持平衡”。
2．…and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm for balance…
此处是省略了分词being的独立主格结构，修饰谓语walk together。原句应为his hand(being)on my arm for balance。
3．I would be ashamed of the unwanted attention.
be ashamed of为…感到羞耻。
例：You should be ashamed of your bad manners. 你应该对自己的不礼貌感到羞耻。
与该词组意思相近的是be guilty of，意为“对…感到内疚”。
4．Once there, he would cling to the handrail until he reached the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept ice-free.
此处的状语从句省略了he was，即once (he was) there。
once用作连词时，意为“一旦…就…”，相当于as soon as。
cling to坚持；依靠；紧握不放。
例：The mother clung to her son as he said good-bye. 儿子告别时，母亲紧紧抓住他不放。
that引导的定语从句修饰lower steps。
ice-free“不冻的，不会冰冻的”是一个复合形容词，后缀-free表示“没有，不含有”。
5．…and he would not have to go outside again until we met him in Brooklyn on his way home.
not…until…句型，意为“直到…才…”。
6．When I think of it now, I marvel at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to subject himself to such indignity and stress.
how引导名词性从句作marvel at的宾语。
marvel at对…惊奇。
例：Her fellow members marvelled at her seemingly infinite energy.
她的同事们对她那似乎无尽的精力大为赞叹。
must have taken表示对过去的推测，表示“肯定”。
take courage鼓起勇气。
subject oneself to蒙受。
例：In legal practice, a lawyer shall subject himself to supervision of the State, society and the parties concerned.
执业应当接受国家、社会和当事人的监督。
7．He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able.
talk about…as…说…是…。与其类似的结构有：think of…as…，consider…as…。表示否定定义的nor放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
例：It should not be, nor will it be, the last plan of action we propose.
它也不应该，也将不可能成为我们设想的最后的行动方案。
envy of羡慕，嫉妒。
the+形容词表示一类人。
8．What he looked for in others was a “good heart”…
what引导名词性从句，在句中作主语。
9．Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people, even though I still don’t know precisely what a “good heart” is.
now that“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句。
例：All that extra effort counts for nothing now that they have cancelled the whole project.
既然已经取消了整个项目，所以，一切额外努力便毫无价值了。
介词(by)+关系代词(Which)引导限制性定语，修饰standard。
10．On one memorable occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving.
on…occasion在…场合。如：
on every occasion在每一个场合；每逢；动不动。
on rare occasion难得；在个别情况下。
break out爆发，突发。
例：A regional war is likely to break out, which from our perspective will be an existential conflict.
可能爆发一场局部战争，在我们看来，将是一场事关存亡的冲突。
with everyone punching and shoving是with+分词的独立主格结构。
11．But the next day people kidded him by saying it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive even before the bout began.
take a dive为美国俚语，意为“假装被击倒，佯倒”。
例：Dad, your polls take a big dive this week. 老爸，这星期你的民意支持率大幅下降。
12．And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office.
see to it that =see that/make sure that/check that，意思是“确保，务必”，这里所提到的that从句中的将来时都要用一般现在时替代。
13．Introducing me, he was really saying, “This is my son, but it is also me, and I could have done this, too, if things had been different. ”
现在分词短语introducing me作状语，表示动作发生的时间。I could have done this…if things had been different为虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反。
14．He has been gone many years now, but I think of him often.
现在完成时has been gone(去世)表示这个状态从过去持续到现在。
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]