作者：Stefano De Anglis,Maria Mazza,等
出版社：电子工业出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
设计的共性——从产品、建筑到城市规划试读：
Preface to the Chinese edition
The Chinese edition of "Designing objects buildings cities”is a history of cultures and friendship.
Design has always been our passion.
The space around us,buildings,streets and cities,are our laboratory:every square,every façade and every building is the pretext for a series of critical remarks aimed at searching for the hidden potential,what could be changed to improve the quality of the space in which we live.We believe that the reason why a large part of the possible improvement of quality of life is “thrown to the winds”in our cities and in our lives is due to the inability to focus on basic questions,on the whys.
The basic concepts of design are,in fact,systematically“watered down” during the teaching and the transmission of information in general,with the result that the essence of things becomes difficult to be found for the majority of people,including designers.
A few years ago,we wrote two small books on the design of buildings and cities,published as e-books,with simple and clear ground rules,and intended both for students and anyone interested in understanding what are buildings and cities today.
Four years ago,we had the chance to meet in Italy with Stone Wen,designer and professor at Wuyi University,during the inauguration of an exhibition of sculptures,at which Stone and Maria had been invited to submit their works:it was the start of a great friendship.
We accepted with enthusiasm when Stone Wen invited us to present our zero-consumption glass building at his university in Guangdong.
The first two conferences in Guangdong were followed by conferences on the future of cities and buildings in six other Chinese universities,as well as several workshops held jointly with Stone Wen,which cemented our friendship:it was a wonderful experience in this huge and dynamic country that is open to the future.
Hence,the request from Stone Wen to further refine our basic texts and to publish in China a book that summarizes the content of our conferences and our workshops,i.e.our planning philosophy.
Our “recipes",impregnated by the comparison between our two reference cultures,Germanic and Latin,have been enriched by the millennial Asian wisdom through our more recent contact with Chinese culture.With Stone Wen,we were received in Beijing by director
Mr.Tan Haiping,to whom we are very grateful for confirming to us,after a brief presentation of the project,that the book was going to be published by PHEI.
The Chinese edition of "Designing objects buildings cities”was born:
thank you Stone!Stefano and Maria
中文版前言
中文版《设计的共性——从产品、建筑到城市规划》是文化碰撞及友谊的硕果。
设计是我们的激情所在。
我们置身于空间中，从建筑到街道、城市，都是我们的实验田。每个广场，每个立面，每幢建筑都将面临一系列苛刻的言论，这些言论志在寻求完善的可能性，将提高我们的居住空间品质。我们相信，由于我们缺乏对一些基本问题，以及导致这样问题源由的把握能力，因此大多数改善我们生活品质的可能提案，被扔置了身后。
设计的基本概念，从本质上说，在教育及传递过程中被系统地削弱了，其结果是对于大多数人，包括设计师，这些事物的本质变得难以寻觅。
好几年前，我们写了两本有关设计建筑及城市的小册子，并出版了电子书，以简洁而清晰的法则告诉那些对今天建筑及城市充满兴趣的学生及大众。
四年前，在意大利我们有机会认识了温为才设计师（五邑大学副教授），在一次雕塑展览的开幕式上，温博士及Maria被邀请展出他们的作品，这是我们珍贵友谊的开始。期间我们接受了温博士的邀请，前往广东展示了我的零能量消耗的玻璃建筑。
在广东我们举办了两个讲座，主题是未来的建筑与城市，在中国其他的六个城市，我们与温博士创办了几个工作坊，这无疑加深了我们的友谊。来到在一个如此巨大且充满活力、奔向未来的国家，我们的体验是非凡的。
因此温博士提议，何不基于我们的讲座内容及工作坊、设计哲学，进一步完善我们的内容，在中国出版一本书呢？
我们的书，孕育在德国及拉丁民族的文化背景之上，通过我们最近对中国文化的接触，现在又加入来自亚洲千年文化的智慧。通过温博士，我们在北京与谭海平社长见面。在经过一番简要的陈述后，谭社长确认，本书可以在电子工业出版社出版，在此，我们表示深深的谢意。
中文版《设计的共性——从产品、建筑到城市规划》得以顺利发行，感谢温博士！Stefano and Maria 夫妇
简介
设计是什么？
设计是改造世界的工具。
我们思考如何开拓周围的空间，反过来，生存的空间也制约着我们的思考。设计就是在生活中不断开拓创新的过程。
近25年来，我们设计了很多建筑，甚至城市的整个片区。我们一直践行着我们的梦想：为人类创造更好的生活空间，让人们在城市中幸福地生活，让未来更加美好。
设计师们经常从图像、概念和符号中汲取灵感，再以同样的方式来有效地表达他们的设计理念。
本书将设计和设计的流程归纳成一些简单的概念和精要的知识点，阅读本书就像一场惬意的旅行。
旅行的第一站我们先了解一些设计的基本原理，在无限微观到无限宏观，这些原理都不会改变，接着是建筑设计的一系列思考，最后讨论的是城市变迁的必然性。
从微观到宏观，从小至原子到大至大都市，我们向读者呈现了这些不变的法则。同时你也会发现只有注重协调性，具备职业道德，充满敬畏的设计才能更好地打造我们现在和将来的生活。
Stefano de Angelis 及 Maria Mazza
Introduction
What does it mean to design？
Design is the tool to improve the world.
With our minds,we create the space around us and likewise the space in which we live shapes our minds.Designing is to create,is to live.
In these 25 years of professional activity,we have designed buildings and parts of cities chasing our dream of creating better spaces and smarter locations for the life of a new man,for a better future:to live happily in buildings and cities is definitely possible and also necessary.
Designers feed on images,concepts,symbols and use them to communicate ideas effectively.
We propose a journey through design and its processes,summarized in simple concepts and targeted information.
This journey of three stages starts with the concepts that underlie the design which,as with the universe,do not change from the infinitely small to the infinitely large and then continues through a series of reflections on building design and the necessary transformation of our cities.
We would like to accompany the readers,those who approach these issues along the path from the infinitely small to the infinitely large,from the atom to the megalopolis,on a journey to discover that the rules do not change and that a design based on coherence,ethics and respect can lead to improving the lives of today and tomorrow.
Stefano de Angelis and Maria Mazza
本书的三大部分产品、建筑、城市规划是 DeltaZERO 的设计理念，以及创建者们思考的具体表述。
设计师和建筑师都担负着重要的社会责任：设计师应该利用好资源，以人为本，尊重环境。
书中阐述的原理都非常直接明了，因为现代社会的读者需要快速接收信息。
当今的社会极其复杂多面，决策者们和想要理解本书的读者们必须在短时间内吸收消化大量的信息。
基于以上考虑，书中的内容分三步讲述：从产品设计，到建筑物设计，再到未来城市设计。这些内容综合起来就像复合药片一样可以一口吞下，但却可以让我们长时间回味、思考。
设计项目及设计法则
任何领域，任何规模（小到一个餐叉，大到一个城市）的设计品质都遵从同样的标准要求，都必须考虑时代特征，以人为本，尊重环境。
本书总结了设计的机制和设计的附带影响。“设计项目及设计法则”这篇内容是作者对设计项目的一般思考总结。
设计无处不在，但好的设计工作并不能轻易完成。设计必须要有职业道德的支撑，普世法则的约束才能为人类做出贡献。
我们需要用一种快速而精准的思维来理解如何做好设计。理解获得一致性设计的流程。坚持使用这些基本法则是获得好的设计品质的最好方式，也是分析设计项目的基本要求，它既非陈词滥调，也非时尚潮流。
The three stages of the journey that proposes Designing objects buildings cities are the application of the DeltaZERO design philosophy and some of the reflections of its founders.
Designers,as builders,have important social responsibilities:the designer has to use resources in a coherent manner,respecting people and the environment.
The principles set out in the texts are very direct and concise:the recipient of information today has little time.
The world is extremely complex and multifaceted:those who want to understand and decision makers must be able to digest huge amounts of information in a short time.
From these considerations comes the proposal for a threestep path through design:designing objects,buildings for a livable world,and cities for the next future are synthesized into pills to be swallowed quickly,but nevertheless allowing for long term reflections.
The project and its rules
The design of quality in all areas and at any scale（from the fork to the city）is based on the same rules and on the application of coherence with respect to time,place and man.
The text summarizes the mechanisms of design and its side effects.
The project and its rules are a summary of the thought of Stefano de Angelis and Maria Mazza on the project in general.
The design,a universal act,the principal activity of those who do good,cannot be improvised and must be supported by ethics and universal regulation principles to lead to positive effects for humans.
A pattern of quick and concentrated thinking is proposed to understand how to design well,identifying the processes that form the basis of a “coherent design".Consistent application of the basic rules is the best way to design quality and for analysis of a project beyond the cliches and fashions.
i时代建筑设计
好建筑产出的能量跟它消耗的能量一样多，而且不产生垃圾物，能够保证空气舒适清新，这样的建筑设计集高度的连贯性概念、美学、技术于一体，这才是一项负责任的设计成果。
本书是建筑专业同学的实用手册，对现代建筑设计感兴趣的读者也可将它作为剖析设计流程的好工具。“i时代建筑设计”源于Stefano de Angelis在米兰理工大学开讲两门建筑技术课程。一幢先进、稳固、方便维护、低能耗的建筑设计必须有这些基本理论的支撑。SdA开展系列讲座的目的就是将这些最基本的理论法则打包成极易消化的知识压缩包。
2050城市规划设计（再规划）
城市就是我们这个时代的写照：混乱不堪，污染严重，毫无生机。
但是，到底什么是城市？在不远的将来城市将变成什么样子？它们要如何转变才能迎接未来的挑战？
本书大致罗列了一些分析城区的基本标准，并为改造城市的设计提出了一套可行的指导措施，以期将来人们都拥有更体面的生活，不仅是个体本身，他周围的人们都能拥有更多的成长机会，就像在民主平等的社会，大家都拥有和谐平静的生活。“2050城市设计（再设计）”是Stefano de Angelis和Maria Mazza 关于未来城市一系列讲座的理论成果。
Design a building for the iGeneration
A good building nowadays produces as much energy as it consumes,produces no waste,and ensures a comfortable atmosphere:it is the result of a complex and responsible design process,integrating conceptual,aesthetic and technical considerations with a high degree of coherence.
The text is a manual for architecture students but also for anyone interested in understanding the process of designing a contemporary building or for those interested in analyzing a building with a clear and supple verification tool.
Design a building for the iGeneration is the translation onto paper of two series of courses in architectural technology held by Stefano de Angelis（SdA）at the Politecnico di Milano.The lecture series was developed by SdA to transmit those basic principles necessary for the design of an advanced,long-lasting,maintenance-friendly and low power consumption building in easily digestible but high conceptual-density pills.（Re）Designing towns for 2050
Cities are the mirror of our times:chaotic,polluted and unattractive.
But what is the city?How will cities evolve in the near future?How will they have to change in order to overcome the difficult challenges of the coming decades？
The text outlines the basic criteria for the analysis of urban land and proposes a set of guidelines for applying measures to design for the necessary transformation of cities,to allow future generations a dignified life rich with opportunities for personal and collective growth:a peaceful life in harmony with the principles of democracy and equality.（Re）Designing towns for 2050 is the transfer onto paper of a series of lectures by Stefano de Angelis and Maria Mazza on the future of cities.
城市将很快成为人们评估环境的参照物。因此，我们应该关注城市，让我们的生活和梦想融入我们的城市，让城市成为我们的欣喜之地。
本书的内容并不是随意的拼凑，也不是生硬的教条，而是一种认识，我们这个飞速变化的世界就像我们的思维一样，是可延伸的，灵活的，势不可挡的。
要找到解决难题的答案，我们就应该摒弃原有的、套用现成配方的这种想法。我们应该学会思考，持着怀疑的态度，不断探索研究。
希望接下来的内容和图片可以抛砖引玉，引起大家的思考，有机会来验证我们坚定的信念，为改善我们的生活贡献一份力量，为那些决定开启艰难旅程来“一探究竟”的人们提供一点支持。
Cities are soon going to be the environment of reference for the entire population of our planet.For this reason,we should pay attention to our cities and make them stimulating places in tune with our lives and our dreams.
Designing objects buildings cities does not want to give recipes;it is not based on dogma but on the understanding that our rapidly evolving world is ductile,flexible and unstoppable like the thought.
To direct the thinking towards the solution of complex problems,we have to break away from the belief that we need recipes:thought must be trained toward reflection,doubt,research.
The text and images that follow are intended to be a starting point for reflection,an opportunity for verification of convictions and a contribution to the relentless pursuit of all of us committed to improving our life,of those who have decided to embark on the difficult journey into the “why”.
理论篇-FOUNDATION
1 事物的原理-TOE（Theory Of Everything）
1 事物的原理
如果仔细回想我们的日常生活，我们就会发现，不论是我们的生活空间，还是我们生活需要的一切物品，都是为了满足某种特定的需求而设计的，是我们思考和行动的一种结果，也是一项设计项目的成果。
一个好的设计项目，不管它是一副餐叉，一幢大楼，还是一座城市，评判优劣的基本标准却是一样的。设计项目里的元素（形式，范围，规模）虽大相径庭，但它们却遵循同一套标准，演绎着同一个正确的理念。
1 TOE（Theory Of Everything）
If we analyze our everyday life,we realize that what surrounds us,everything in which we live and what we live with,was built,designed and responds to specific needs or is the consequence of an action or a thought;it is the result of a project.
The basic rules for a good project are surprisingly the same whether it's a fork,a building or a city.Elements apparently so different in form and scope,very different in scale,share the rules that lead to a correct conception.
01 西兰花，宏观比例01-cavolo romanesco,macro scale
02 西兰花，微观比例02-cavolo romanesco,micro scale
西兰花
通过电脑处理的几何图形可以按不同比例不断重复，就像几何中的分形结构，在大自然中，我们也可以找到有同样特征的元素。
无论在宏观还是微观比例下，西兰花的尖点也有同样的形状。
CAVOLO ROMANESCO
Like fractals,geometric representations processed through a computer that have shapes repeated at different scales,we find elements with such characteristics even in nature.
Broccoli crowns have the same shape at both the macro and micro scale.“万物理论”的观点是：小到原子大到超引力，所有的系统和机制都是相似的。同样，设计领域里也是如此：不论何种规模的设计，指导原则却是一样的。
不管设计的规格尺寸如何地不同，看待整个项目的思维是一样的。
所有满足人类需求的项目，只要是从职业道德和社会观点来看是正确的，它的内在机制和法则就都是一样的，无论从无穷大还是无穷小的角度来看，这点也不会改变。
As in the "Theory of everything"（from the atom to infinity,the forces,systems and mechanisms are similar）,so also in design the guiding principle at different scales is always the same.
No matter the scale,no matter the size of what you are designing,it is the clarity of thought that determines the project.
From the infinitely large to the infinitely small,the mechanisms and rules leading to a project that meets the needs of man and is correct from the point of view of ethics and society are the same.
03 宇宙群，宇宙，银河系03-multiverse,universe,galaxy
04 太阳系04-solar system
05 原子05-atom
宇宙群
多个宇宙组成的多重宇宙
多个银河系组成的宇宙
多个太阳系组成的银河系
无数的原子组成太阳系
multiverse-set of universes
universe-set of galaxies
galaxy-set of solar systems
solar system-set of planets
atom-set of atomic particles
2 合理性和独创性-RATIONALITY AND CREATIVITY
2 合理性和独创性
一位好的设计师或者是建筑师，不仅应该懂得如何去设计，而且还必须能够全面认识他所设计的东西。
亲身体验建造的过程，有所收获的过程，才能总结出有用的知识来提升整个计划本身。
现如今，一位好的设计师应具备以下几点能力：
•熟知并能运用当前的先进技术
•能管理好一个团队
•对整个项目的经济金融运作有良好的把控能力。
有需求才会有设计，设计的成品有可能是产品，也有可能是建筑物或者是一个城市。成品经过一系列的创新和验证后开始生产，并投放市场销售。
设计过程分为以下几个主要阶段 ：
•数据收集
•分析数据
•对数据进行整合、过滤
•验证和修正
设计是一项具有创造力的活动，通过这项活动，一个人或是几个人的创意就能将需求成功转化为物品。
设计过程最大的特点就是要经过多个环节不断地补充，再通过框架环境条件过滤，待时机成熟时才形成产品的确切定义。
2 RATIONALIT Y AND CREATIVIT Y
A good designer or architect must not only know how to design,but must also be able to realize what he designs.
The experience of building,of achieving,is fundamental to acquiring useful knowledge and improving the quality of the planning process itself.
Nowadays,the good designer ：
•knows and can use the technologies currently available
•has the skill to manage a team of people
•knows and respects the economic and financial framework of the project.
The design of a product（be it an object,a building or a city）arises from an assignment that was born from a need,develops through a series of creative and verification phases that end with the start of production and the subsequent commercialization.
The main stages of the design process are ：
•data collection
•analysis
•combination and distillation
•verification and correction
Design is a creative act by which one or more minds capable of conceiving ideas succeed in converting requirements into objects.
The process is distinguished by a series of inputs that with a sequence of phases,and passage through the filters of the framework conditions and time,reaches maturity and subsequently the product definition.
设计的过程就是人自己思维里两股势力不断相互扭打的过程：
•合理性（规则）：原理
•独创性（构想出新的东西）：创意
对于一项优秀的设计来说，合理性和个人情绪思维应该能做到和谐共处，相互平衡。
原理和规则是设计之身，而灵感创意是设计之魂。没有灵魂的身躯终归也是没有生命的。
The design process is characterized by the continuous interaction of two forces of man's own mind：
•rationality（rules）:principles
•creativity（the ability to conceive the new）:idea
For a winning design,both the rational and the emotional thinking need to be in harmony and in balance with each other.
The principles and rules are the body of a good design;the idea is the soul,without which the body does not have any life.
06 合理性和独创性06-rationality and creativity
3 一致性-COHERENCE
3 一致性
内在连贯性是指系统或任何实体内各个部分之间相互独立却又相互联系这样一种关系。
一致性是思想和行为之间逻辑关系的一种表现。
连贯性是任何设计的重要原理之一。
设计项目的理念贯穿设计过程的每个环节，而且很容易从设计成品上识别出来。
3 COHERENCE
The term coherence refers in general to the connection and interdependence of the parts of a system,an object or any entity.
Coherence indicates a logical relationship between thought and deed,between the design idea and the designed object.
The principle of coherence is one of the cornerstones of design at all scales.
The idea upon which a project is based must guide every choice during the design process and has to stay recognizable in the final product.
07 捷豹C-X17概念车-外观07-Jaguar C-X17 concept-exterior
08 捷豹C-X17概念车-外观08-Jaguar C-X17 concept-exterior
捷豹C-X17
捷豹C-X17概念车是时尚与高端的标志：高端，积极，富有未来感。如果捷豹C-X17搭配的是09图的内饰（劳斯来斯幻影的内饰），任何人都能马上发现有点不对劲：让人明显感觉到不一致，就是因为没有遵循设计的一致性原则。如果将概念车的现代化高端技术设计理念搭配很古老传统的外观材质就会违背一致性原则。
JAGUAR C-X17
The concept car Jaguar C-X17 is an icon of the high-end fashion vehicle:it is high-tech,aggressive,and looks to the future.If the Jaguar C-X17 was set up with the interiors depicted in picture 09（those of a Rolls Royce Phanton）,anyone would realize immediately that there is something wrong:the clear perception of inconsistency would be due to not respecting the principle of coherence.
The principle of coherence would be betrayed by associating the concept car's idea of contemporary design and high tech with some very traditional and antique looking finishes and materials.
The design concept,which is the basis of the design and aesthetics of a car,must be reflected in all its parts,including the interiors.
09 劳斯来斯-幻影-内饰09-Rolls Royce Phanton-interior
10 捷豹C-X17 概念车-内饰10-Jaguar C-X17 concept-interior
4 基本原理和法则-BASES AND PRINCIPLES
4 基本原理
一项好的设计，不管是日常用品设计、建筑设计还是城市设计，都必须有三项基础支撑要素：
•人
•框架环境
•时代性
设计规划也就意味着重视这三大要素互相协调一致的原则。
每一个设计项目，每一个设计成品都必须符合这三项基本原理，即
•必须满足人们的实际需求，
•必须与成品所处环境的规范和文化相适宜，
•必须与成品产出历史时期的技术相关。
4 BASES
The design,whether it is for an object of daily use,a building or a city,is based on three pillars that form the basis,the foundation of a good project：
•man
•framework conditions
•time
Planning means respecting the principle of coherence in relation to the three pillars.
Each project,each realization,must be consistent with the three fundamental principles,namely it
•must respond appropriately to the real needs of man，
•should be adapted in accordance with the rules and the cultural context in which it is inserted，
•must relate to the technology available in the historical moment in which it is conceived.
人
人是规划环节中的一个关键因素。
制成品定义的核心就是人们的需求，而人们在使用这件制成品的时候这项需求必须能够得到满足。
设计师所肩负的任务就是通过创造性活动让人们的需求得到满足。
这项独创性的活动是产出成品必不可少的环节，而设计产品是一个复杂的过程，设计师不仅要考虑产品的功能需求，还要考虑社会需求以及那个时代其他方面的多元需求。
MAN
Man is the key element of the planning process.
At the center of the process that leads to the definition of the artifact are the human needs that must be met through the use of the designed artifact.
Meeting human needs is the task that the designer has to attain through a creative act.
The creative act is necessary to conceive a design and the design process is complex because,in addition to mere functional needs,the designer must respond to social needs that are more and more multi-faceted,correctly interpreting the demands and opportunities of his time.
11 列奥纳多·达·芬奇，维特鲁威人11-Leonardo da Vinci,Vitruvian Man
框架语境
框架语境是指客观环境和文化环境所设定的元素，对设计项目的理念有着直接的影响。
框架语境这个词看上去会让人觉得像是对设计师思维和行动的一种拘限，但是如果我们用开放的思维和创新的精神去诠释它，那它将成为设计灵感的巨大源泉。
即使是同一项人类需求也会因为时代、文化和社会总体环境的变化而产生出不同的设计。
FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS
The framework conditions are the elements given by the environment,both physical and cultural,that channel the idea of the project.
At first sight,the framework conditions may be a limit to the thought and action of the designer but,if interpreted correctly with an open mind and creative spirit,they represent a powerful inspirational force.
A mutation of the temporal,cultural or social framework conditions can give rise to different design responses for the same requirement of man.
12 餐具（欧洲）12-cutlery（europe）
13 筷子（中国）13-chopsticks（china）
饮食
人类的首要需求就是“吃”（把食物放进嘴里）。
在欧洲文化和亚洲文化中，解决人类这一需求的方式却截然不同：刀叉和筷子。
EAT
Man's primary need:to eat（bring food to the mouth）.
Different answers to the same primary requirement in the European and Asian cultures:cutlery and chopsticks.
时代
这个项目可称得上是“时代的产物“。
一项好的产品应该与它所处历史时代有一致的体现，产品采用当时的技术和材料，因而通过产品能辨识出历史的痕迹。
TIME
The project must be "child of his time”.
A good product should be a coherent expression of the historical period in which it is conceived,utilizing the available technologies and materials,thus becoming recognizable in time.
14 电话（1890）14-phone（1890）
15 智能手机（2013）15-smartphone（2013）
沟通
人类的主要需求：远距离通信。
在不同时代，解决人类远距离通讯的方式不一样：带有拔手选择的曲柄话机，带有触屏的智能手机。
COMMUNICATE
Man's primary need:to communicate at a distance.
different answers to the same primary need separated by a century:crank phone with number selection by disc and smart phones with touch screen.
4 法则
我们可以从任何优秀的产品、建筑和城市设计中发现优秀设计所遵从的基本原理，也是创造性设计活动中最根本的原理，即
•形式要符合功能要求
•简洁
•可辨识度高
•尊重能源
•善于利用现有技术
在运用这些原理时还必须注重内在连贯一致这样一种概念，原理的运用必须相互协调一致，只有这样，设计项目的根本理念才能得到落实和体现。
4 PRINCIPLES
The rational part of the creative process that is the basis of good design is based on the fundamental principles that we find in any good product of design,architecture and urbanism：
•form follows function
•simplicity
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