作者：常章富,贾德贤,James Bare
出版社：人民卫生出版社
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Chinese Materia Medica中药学试读：
Editors
: Zhou Ling, Lara Deasy ＆ Liu ShuiCopy Editor: Xu Qian-qian
Book Designer: Li Xi
Cover Designer: Li Xi
Typesetter: Shan Si
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中药学= Chinese materia medica：英文/常章富，贾德贤，（美）贝今墨（Bare，J.）主编. —北京：人民卫生出版社，2011
国际标准化英文版中医教材
ISBN 978-7-117-19647-5
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International Standard Library of Chinese Medicine
Chinese Materia Medica
Chang Zhang-fu （常章富）
Professor, Chief Physician, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Jia De-xian （贾德贤）, Ph.D. TCM
Professor of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
James Bare, Ph.D., L.Ac.
Administrative Dean, New York College of TCM, Mineola, NY, USA
Associate editor
Guo Xin （郭忻）, M.S. TCM
Professor, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
Cui Ying （崔瑛）, Ph.D. TCM
Professor, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
Lan Sen-lin （蓝森麟）, Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Guangzhou University of TCM, Guangzhou, ChinaCopyright(in English)
Website: http://www.pmph.com/en
Book Title: Chinese Materia Medica (International Standard Library of Chinese Medicine) (DVD Included)
中药学（国际标准化英文版中医教材）（含光盘）
Copyright © 2014 by People’s Medical Publishing House. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a database or retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, photocopy, or other recording means, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
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This book is for educational and reference purposes only. In view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical science, the author, editor, publisher and any other party involved in the publication of this work do not guarantee that the information contained herein is in any respect accurate or complete. The medicinal therapies and treatment techniques presented in this book are provided for the purpose of reference only. If readers wish to attempt any of the techniques or utilize any of the medicinal therapies contained in this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for any such actions. It is the responsibility of the readers to understand and adhere to local laws and regulations concerning the practice of these techniques and methods. The authors, editors and publisher disclaim all responsibility for any liability, loss, injury, or damage incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents of this book.
First published: 2014
ISBN: 978-7-117-19647-5/R·19648
Cataloguing in Publication Data:
A catalogue record for this book is available from the CIP-Database China.
Printed in The People’s Republic of China
Contributors (Listed alphabetically by name)
Feng Zhi-yi (冯志毅), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
He Shi-min (何世民) , Ph.D. TCM
Lecturer, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
Jin Su-an (金素安) , Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
Lan Hai (蓝海), M.S. TCM
Associate Professor, Guangzhou University of TCM, Guangzhou, China
Luo Xing-hong (罗兴洪), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Pharmacist, Simcere Pharmaceutical Group, Nanjing, China
Mao Min (毛敏), M.S. TCM
Pharmacist-in-charge, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
Wang Hai (王海), B.A. TCM
Experimentalist, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Wang Hui (王辉), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
Wang Jun-ming (王君明), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
Wu Hao-zhong (吴浩忠), B.A. TCM
Experimentalist, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Wu Jia-rui (吴嘉瑞), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Yuan Ying (袁颖), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
Zhou Chi (周驰), M.S. TCM
Editor, China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,
Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
Translators
Hu Su-min (胡素敏), Ph.D. TCM
Professor, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Gao Zeng-ping (高增平), Ph.D. TCM
Professor, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Zhang Lin (张林), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Zhang Chun-yue (张春月), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Wang Qian (王谦) , Ph.D. TCM
Professor, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Huang Jian-mei (黄建梅), Ph.D. TCM
Professor, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Xi Sheng-yan (奚胜艳), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Ni Sheng-lou (倪胜楼), Ph.D. TCM
Editor, China News of TCM
Wang Jing-xia (王景霞), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Ou Li-na (欧丽娜), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Zhou Ling (周玲), M.S. TCM
Editor, People’s Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China
Yin Sheng-jun (殷胜骏), Ph.D. TCM
Physician, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
English Editors
James Bare, Ph.D., L.Ac.
Administrative Dean, New York College of TCM, Mineola, NY, USA
Li Hui (李蕙), Ph.D., L.Ac.
Professor, Pacifc College of Oriental Medicine, New York, USAAbout the
Author
sChang Zhang-fu（常章富）
Chang Zhang-fu, professor, clinical doctor, ex-dean of the Clinical Pharmacology Faculty, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), member of China Association of Chinese Medicine and Chinese Pharmaceutical Association, consultant of Pharmacist Certification Center, State Food and Drug Administration, consultant of Chinese Medicine Doctor Certification Center, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, has published 30 papers, about 50 books (writer or co-writer) and 100 articles in popular Chinese Medicine Journals.
Jia De-xian（贾德贤）
Jia De-xian, Medical Doctor, Ph.D. of Chinese Medicine, professor and medical doctor of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Vice Dean of International School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Executive Council Member of the 2nd Board of Specialty Committee of Translation, WFCMS. She has published 22 papers and 19 books (writer or co-writer) on Chinese medicine, Chinese materia medica, diabetic nephropathy laboratory research and relevant English translations including Chinese Medicine Terms and State Pharmacopeia of People’s Republic of China. She has worked in Norway, Sweden, England and Singapore as an invited professor.
James Bare
James Bare graduated from Johns Hopkins University and received his Ph.D. in Linguistics from the University of Michigan. He has held academic positions at Lawrence University, Oberlin College, Carleton College, SUNY New Paltz, and the University of Minnesota, and has lived and worked abroad in Taiwan, India, Singapore and Korea. He graduated in 1998 from New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NYCTCM), and has worked there since that time as Administrative Dean.Editorial Board for International Standard Library of Chinese Medicine
Executive Directors
Li Zhen-ji (李振吉)
Vice Chairman and Secretary-General, World Federation of Chinese Medical Societies, Beijing, China
Hu Guo-chen (胡国臣)
President and Editor-in-Chief, People’s Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China
Directors
You Zhao-ling (尤昭玲)
Former President and Professor of Chinese Medical Gynecology, Hunan University of TCM, Changsha, China
Xie Jian-qun (谢建群)
President and Professor of Chinese Internal Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
General Coordinator
Liu Shui (刘水)
Director of International TCM Publications, People’s Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China
Members (Listed alphabetically by last name)
Chang Zhang-fu (常章富)
Professor, Chief Physician, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Chen Hong-feng (陈红风), Ph.D. TCM
Professor of Chinese External Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
Chen Jia-xu (陈家旭), Ph.D. TCM
Professor of TCM Diagnostics, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Chen Ming (陈明), Ph.D. TCM
Professor of Shāng Hán Lùn, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Cui Hai (崔海), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor of TCM, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Deng Zhong-jia (邓中甲)
Professor of Chinese Medicinal Formulae, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
Ding Xiao-hong (丁晓红)
Associate Professor of Tui Na, International Education College, Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing,China
Doug Eisenstark, L.Ac
Professor of Chinese Medicine, Emperor’s College, Los Angeles, USA
Stephen X. Guo (郭鑫太), M.A. International Affairs
Director of Jande International, New York, USA
Han Chou-ping (韩丑萍)
Associate Professor, International Education College, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
Hu Jun (胡俊), B.A. Medical English
Currently Pursuing Master’s Degree of Science in Social History of Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
Hu Ke-xin (胡克信), Ph.D. TCM
Professor of Otorhinolaryngology, Keelung City Municipal Hospital, Taiwan, China
Hu Zhen (胡臻)
Professor and Head of Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
Huang Fei-li (黄霏莉)
Professor of Cosmetology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
Russell William James, M.S. TCM
IELTS Examiner ＆ Marker, Beijing, China
Jia De-xian (贾德贤), Ph.D. TCM
Professor of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Jin Hong-zhu (金宏柱)
Professor of Acupuncture ＆ Tui Na, Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing, China
Lixing Lao (劳力行), Ph.D. MB, L.Ac.
Professor and Director, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Adjunct Professor, Center for Integrative Medicine,
University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Past Co-President of the Society for Acupuncture Research
Vice President, World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies (WFAS)
Hon K. Lee (李汉光), Dipl. OM, L.Ac.
Director of the Jow Ga Shaolin Institute, Herndon, Virginia, USA
Li Dao-fang (李道坊), Ph.D. TCM
President of Florida Acupuncture Association; Executive Board Director, National Federation of Chinese TCM Organizations, Kissimmee, USA
Mei Li (李梅), M.S. TOM, L.Ac.
Translator and Editor, People’s Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China
Li Ming-dong (李名栋), Ph.D. OMD, L.Ac.
Professor of Chinese Internal Medicine, Yo San University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
Li Wan-ling (李云宁)
Qi Gong and TCM Translator, Beijing, China
Liang Li-na (梁丽娜), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
Liu Zhan-wen (刘占文)
Professor of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Lü Ming (吕明)
Professor of Tui Na, Changchun University of CM, Changchun, China
Mark L. Mondot, B.A. Chinese Language, L.Ac.
Translator and Editor, People’s Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China
Jane Lyttleton, Hons, M Phil, Dip TCM, Cert Ac.
Lecturer, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Julie Mulin Qiao-Wong (乔木林)
Professor of Chinese Medicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
Andy Rosenfarb, M.S. TOM, L.Ac.
Acupuncture Health Associates, New Jersey, USA
Paul F. Ryan, M.S. Dipl.OM, L.Ac. (NY, CA, China)
Acupuncture Preceptor, Lutheran Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Brooklyn, New York, USA
Martin Schweizer, Ph.D. Molecular Biology, L.Ac.
Emeritus Professor of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, USA
Secondo Scarsella, MD, DDS
Visiting Professor of Tui Na, Nanjing University of TCM, China Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, San Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Italy
Sun Guang-ren (孙广仁), M.S. TCM
Professor of TCM Fundamentals, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, China
Tsai Chun-hui, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
Tu Ya (图娅)
Professor of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Wang Shou-chuan (汪受传)
Professor of TCM Pediatrics, Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing, China
Wei Qi-ping (韦企平)
Professor of Ophthalmology, Beijing University of CM, Beijing
Douglas Wile, Ph.D.
Former Professor of History ＆ Philosophy of Chinese Medicine and of Chinese Language at Pacifc College of Oriental Medicine, New York; Professor of Chinese language at Alverno College, Milwaukee, USA
Jane Frances Wilson, M.S., L.Ac.
Senior Lecturer of School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
Xiao Ping (肖平)
Associate Professor, Hunan University of TCM, Changsha, China
Xu Shi-zu (徐士祖), M.A. Chinese Martial Arts
Chinese Traditional Sports and Health Cultivation Instructor, School of Physical Education, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
Yan Dao-nan (严道南)
Professor of Otorhinolaryngology, Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing, China
Ye Qiao-bo (叶俏波), Ph.D. TCM
Physician, Lecturer of Chinese Medicinal Formulas, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
Zhang Ji (张吉)
Professor of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Zhang Ji (张季), Ph.D. TCM
Professor of Chinese Materia Medica, Emperor’s College of Oriental Medicine, Alhambra University, Dongguk University, Los Angeles, USA
Helen Q. Zhang (张齐), Ph.D. TCM, L.Ac.
Director of Qi TCM Clinic, New York, USA
Zhang Qing-rong (张庆荣)
Professor of TCM Fundamentals, Liaoning University of TCM, Shenyang, China
Zhao Bai-xiao (赵百孝), Ph.D. TCM
Professor of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,
Dean, School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing University of TCM, China
Zhao Xia (赵霞), Ph.D. TCM
Professor of TCM Pediatrics, Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing, China
Zhou Gang (周刚), Ph.D. TCM
Lecturer of Shāng Hán Lùn, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Greg Zimmerman, M.S., L.Ac.
Acupuncturist, Yi An Chinese Medicine Clinic, Irvine, CA
Sponsored by
World Federation of Chinese Medical SocietiesPreface
We are so grateful and proud that Chinese medicine is one of the many traditional medicines in this world which are making contributions to preserve health and save life.
Chinese medicine was the protective god for Chinese peoples’ lives before Western medicine was introduced to China about 400 years ago. It is different in many ways when compared to modern medicine and to other traditional medicines, and these differences include the understanding of the body, health, disease, how the disease happened, and the principles, materials and techniques of the treatment. Many people who have experienced it say that Chinese medicine is so effective and wonderful, yet some others say that it is strange and unscientific. We would say that different types of medicine are complementary one to another, and they should be used in integration, since each kind of medicine has its own advantages and weaknesses. Chinese medicine is welcomed for its effectiveness, convenience and ecological harmony.
Chinese herbal medicine, which treats patients mostly with medicinal plants and other medicinal substances such as animal products, mineral products, extracts and synthetics from natural compounds, is supposed to treat the body from inside to outside, and acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping and scraping are supposed to treat from outside to inside. Even though they are often used together or in conjunction, herbal treatment is considered the mainstream in China.
This book, “Chinese Materia Medica”, is going to introduce more than 300 Chinese medicinal substances with illustrations and botanical pictures, including information on the Source, Explanation of Name, Habitat, Collection, Processing, Properties, Entered Channels, Characteristics, Actions, Clinical Applications, Dosage ＆ Administration, Cautions ＆Contraindications, Ingredients and Pharmacological Research. Its aim is to show the herbs from as many aspects as we could, the traditional development and the contemporary new fndings, the cultural legacy and the scientifc evidence, the positive side and the negative side. Chinese medicine is sacred but not an enshrined bible. It is just a medical science continuously in development. Please feel it, enjoy it, study it and develop it together with us.
Studying Chinese medicine is not easy, since it has traditional language style, special terms and different concepts in which you can feel the influence from ancient Chinese philosophy, Taoism and Confucian culture, so we have tried to compose it and translate it very carefully with our full heart, with an understanding of Chinese medicine theoretically and clinically, as well as with recognition that many of our readers may have only limited or no knowledge of the Chinese language. We would like to transmit to you an original and practical Chinese medicine and the usage of herbs.
The herbs in this book are categorized according to the problem or disease pattern, which is surely different from the common understanding, but you will f ind the relevant information that you want, because we have cross-referenced the commonly-used disease or syndrome name under Clinical Applications. For instance, the term “hay fever” is never mentioned in Chinese medicine, but it is covered under “exterior syndromes” in Chinese medicine, and through the cross-reference you def initely can f ind the corresponding terms and the suitable herbs for you or your patients.
For the purpose of clearly understanding the difference between similar herbs and to get the whole image of the herbs in each chapter, we made a chapter summary at the end in table form. Questions are also given that are helpful for reviewing and improving study.
Mr. Chang Zhang-fu, an excellent medical doctor and professor of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), main author of this book, excels at the literature and clinical application study and is in charge of the Chinese edition. Mrs. Jia De-xian, medical doctor and Ph.D. of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Herbal Medicine professor of BUCM, main author of this book, having rich experience in the clinical application of Chinese medicine, and having taught Chinese medicine in English for international students inside and outside China, is in charge of the English translation and primary rectifcation. Mr. James Bare, working at the New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NYCTCM) as administrative dean and thus knowledgeable in Chinese Medicine, is in charge of f inal rectifcation.
We wish to express our appreciation to Dr. Zhang Ji (Emperor’s College of Oriental Medicine), Dr. Al Stone, and Lara Deasy who have helped organizing the herb list and compiling sample chapters for the book. We also give thanks to Ph.D and postgraduate students from Beijing University of CM who have been of inestimable help to us in achieving this work; they include Zhang Qian (张骞), Yuan Meng-xian (袁梦贤), Chang Dan (常丹), Xu Zi-wei (徐自伟), Zhu Si-yuan (朱思媛), Lai Yuan-yuan (来媛媛), Li Yu-jie (李玉杰), Liu Xiujuan (刘秀娟), Zhang Meng-qi (张梦奇), Zhang Yue (张月) and Gao Tian-cheng (高天承).
We hope that our work could offer you some useful knowledge and that we could share with you the benef its of Chinese medicine.AuthorsJuly 2014Part One General DiscussionIntroductIon
Chinese herbal medicine constitutes a major component of traditional Chinese medicine. It is a special characteristic of Chinese culture that the knowledge of Chinese herbs, based on TCM fundamental theory, refects the historical utilization of natural resources from plants and minerals for the main stream healthcare in China.
More than 3,000 herbs were recorded in ancient texts. Over the years Chinese herbs have continued to develop and the latest f igures haved reached a total of 12,800 species. For thousands of years Chinese herbs have served to safeguard the health of Chinese people.
Chinese pharmacology is the study of the origin, collection, processing, properties and effects of Chinese herbs, and is a key part of traditional Chinese medicine.The Origin of Chinese Herbal Medicine
The origin of Chinese herbs can be traced back to primitive society circa 2070 B.C. The ancient Chinese people through the process of trial and error, worked out the benef its of Chinese herbs to target treatment of diseases, and also figured out the poison categories which should either be avoided or taken with certain precautions. At the same time, they learned to utilize certain poisonous herbs to induce vomiting and purgation to achieve treatment results. Through many years of clinical experiments, the treatment of diseases using Chinese herbs and herbal formulas was established. Over time, knowledge was accumulated that certain plant foods could also be incorporated into herbal medicine, establishing the intimate association between food and medicinals known as “medicinals and foods are of the same source” philosophy. Later, with the development of farming, hunting and fishing, other food sources were introduced into the diet and gradually these as well as minerals were also included into the categories of herbal medicine.Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine1. Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties (circa 2070-221 B.C.)
During the Xia Dynasty, it was discovered that wine could be produced from the fermentation of grains and fruits. This wine was not only used as a beverage but also as an herbal wine for the treatment of many diseases. Herbal wine was utilized to unblock blood vessels and also served as an herbal guide as well in that it could be used as an ethanol base to extract ethanol-soluble herbs.
With the advent of pottery during the Xia and Shang Dynasties, Chinese herbal formula decoctions were developed. Examples were recorded in the Yi Yin’s Decoction Classic (Yī Yĭn TāngYè Jīng, 伊尹汤液经).
During the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 B.C.) the word herb “药” was mentioned in the Jinwen oracle. During the Eastern Han period, Xu Shen stated in Elucidations of Script and Explications ofCharacters (Shuō Wén Jiě Zì-Căo Bù, 说文解字·草部) that plants can be used as herbal medicine.
In 1046-771 B.C. (Western Zhou Dynasty), the book of Zhou Li: Heaven Official Chief Minister (Zhōu Lĭ-Tiān Guān Zhŏng Zăi, 周礼·天官冢宰) recorded the “five flavors and five grains for treatment of diseases”. “The f ive herbs nominated are plants, wood, insects, stones and grains.” This shows that there was a general understanding of herbal medicine for treatment of many ailments. There was a total of approximately more than 300 species incorporating plants, minerals and others which could be used as herbal medicine.
In 1973, the discovery of the ancient grave of Mawangdui in Changsha unearthed China’s oldest medical text, Formulas for Fifty-two Diseases (Wŭ Shí Èr Bìng Fāng, 五十二病方), estimated to be compiled around the 3rd century B.C. There were a total of more than 300 formulas with no less than 290 species of herbs being used. A documented detailed description was recorded on the methods of preparation of the herbs, their usage and contraindications, etc.2. Qin and Han period (221-220 B.C.)
During the Western Han period, the extant text entitled Shen Nong’s Classic of the MateriaMedica (Shén Nóng Bĕn Căo Jīng, 神农本草经), also known as “Bĕn Jīng”, was written. This book was not written by one author but was compiled over an extensive period with revision and supplementation to the original content. The actual date of the book’s completion subject to much debate but is estimated to be not more than 2nd century B.C. The original text is no long extant; the current version was collated and compiled by scholars of the Ming and
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