(2019)考研英语经典必背500句(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


发布时间:2020-07-26 06:01:58

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作者:俞敏洪

出版社:浙江教育出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

(2019)考研英语经典必背500句

(2019)考研英语经典必背500句试读:

前言

用句子记单词,用句子学语法,用句子提高阅读速度和口头、书面的表达能力。通过学习经典地道的英文句子,全方位提高考生的英文水平,这应该算是学习英语最有效率的途径之一,这也是本套丛书的出版宗旨。

这本《考研英语经典必背500句》中,句子的选取均基于对历年考研真题地毯式的透彻研究的基础之上,把各种考题中最典型、最具代表性,且考生最易出错的句子一网打尽。通过对每一个句子的分析、讲解与归纳,考生不仅可将考研英语入学考试的所有重要考查点一一攻克,还可以了解出题规律及考试的精髓,从容应对考试。通过学习本书精选的句子,考生还可以进一步充实相关的语法和词汇知识,掌握有效的复习思路,在了解考研试题特点的基础上,提升自己的英语水平。因为书中收纳的句子将从内容、形式及难度上充分体现考研大纲对考生英语水平的要求,而这些要求将具体体现在词汇、语法、阅读及书面表达四个方面。

完形翻译关键句

收录历年考研真题中完形填空、词汇与语法结构及翻译中极具代表性的150个句子,考研大纲要求考生“在交际中更准确、自如地运用语法知识”,可见其对语法考查的要求比以往更高了。本书对每个句型的词法、语法要点进行点评,并给出相关的例句及其分析讲解,帮助考生掌握考研英语语法部分的要点及难点,从而达到事半功倍的良好复习效果。

攻克阅读关键句

收录历年考研真题中造成考生理解障碍的长难句、特殊句和小词活用三类句子200个。纵观历年的考研英语试题不难看出,篇章里的长难句涉及很多考点,而对这些句子的准确理解必然成为取得高分的关键。本书精心挑选的这200个句子,旨在将考生阅读中可能遇到的各类长难句障碍逐一扫清,这样考生便可以一路畅通地将阅读进行到底。书中编排的点睛部分详细分析了句中的难点、重点及词句的妙用,借以提高考生领会文章含义、攻克阅读难关的能力,从而轻松应对在语篇层次的考查。

写作锦囊关键句

收录了学生在考研英语写作中可能会用到的150个实用、精辟的句型或句子,所有句子按所属文体和功能分为议论文、说明文、图表作文及应用文四类。这些精心分类的典型句子能够帮助考生更加清楚各种文体的特点以及写作方法,在研习的同时有针对性地积累,并加以模仿。对于某些句子,本书还会指出其中的难点、重点以及易错点;并从考生的实际出发,指出各个句子可以放在文章的哪个部分,如何使用。这部分就像学生的写作锦囊,随需随查,既方便又实用。

本书收纳的所有句子讲解细致全面,考点归纳到位。考生通过研习这些关键句子就能在短时间内对于基础语法知识要点做到心中有数,对重点内容熟练掌握,对考试中的难点有所突破。愿这本书能够帮助各位考生从容应对即将到来的研究生入学考试,也预祝各位考生在考试中取得优异的成绩!编者完形翻译关键句

1. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.【译文】 毫无疑问,花园表明了人们抑制不住的,想要去创造、表达、追求潮流和美化的冲动,而自我表达无疑是人类的一种基本诉求。然而,看着无家可归者所创建的花园的照片时,令人深有感触的是,尽管这些花园风格多样,但它们都显示出了人类除了想要装饰和彰显个人创造力之外的各种其他基本诉求。【点睛】 本句由两个并列的分句构成,由分号隔开。第一个分句的主干是There is no doubt,后接两个that引导的同位语从句,共同补充说明doubt的内容。第二个分句的主干是it strikes one that...,it作形式主语,that后引导的从句是真正的主语,beyond引导的介词短语起补充说明作用。when引导时间状语从句,其中created by the homeless作定语,修饰photographs。【考点归纳】 There is no doubt that...是常考句型,表示“毫无疑问…”。

类似的句型还有:

* There is no question about sth. 意为“某事是毫无疑问的”。例如:

There is no question about his victory.

他的胜利是毫无疑问的。

* There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 意为“(某人)不需要做某事,没有必要做某事”。例如:

There is no need for America to call for military actions. 美国不需要呼吁采取军事行动。

* There is no point in doing sth. 意为“做某事是没有意义的”。例如:

There is no point in buying luxury goods if you have lost your job.

如果你已经失业,购买奢侈品是没有意义的。

2. The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving stability for the states and liberty for individuals.【译文】 美国宪法的起草者试图建立有效的国家政府,同时维护各州的稳定和个人的自由。【点睛】 the United States Constitution即“美国宪法”。attempt to do sth. 意为“试图/努力做某事”,表示付出了某种努力。连词while此处引导动名词短语作时间状语,表示动词preserve和establish所表示的动作同时发生。【考点归纳】 attempt作名词意为“试图,企图,尝试”,其相关短语归纳如下:

* make an attempt to do 打算,试图

The government makes an attempt to control inflation. 政府试图控制通货膨胀。

* make an attempt on sth. 试图夺取某物

Never try to make an attempt on the president's life. 决不要试图谋杀总统。

* in an attempt to 力图,试图

In an attempt to diffuse the tension I suggested that we break off for dinner.

为了消除紧张气氛,我建议我们停下来去吃晚饭。

3. Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.【译文】 健康的心理让我们在别人陷入麻烦时,同情他人;在别人痛苦时,善待他人;无论对方是谁,都能给予无条件的爱。【点睛】 本句的主干是Mental health allows us to view others。其后的with sympathy,with kindness,with unconditional love是三个并列结构作方式状语。with sympathy和with kindness后分别有一个if引导的条件句,with unconditional love后有一个no matter who引导的让步状语从句。【考点归纳】 no matter who相当于whoever,与之类似的关联词还有:

* whatever 凡是,无论什么

Whatever happens, I'm going.

不管发生什么事,我都要走。

* whichever 无论哪一个,任何一个

Whichever you choose, I will support you.

无论你选哪个,我都支持你。

* whomever 任何人,无论谁(whoever的宾格形式)

Whomever you will marry, please remember to tell us. 无论你和谁结婚,都请记得告诉我们。

4. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it shapes is inescapably political—which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily dismissed as unjust.【译文】 当法庭作出有关社会政治的裁决时,受其影响的法律也不可避免地带有政治性,这就是为什么在意识形态上存在分歧的裁决会很容易被视为不公而不予理会。【点睛】 句子的主干是:the law is inescapably polit- ical。when引导时间状语从句;it shapes实际上是省略了that的定语从句,修饰the law;破折号后面是由which引导的定语从句,该定语从句中又包含了由why引导的表语从句;split along ideological lines是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰decisions;表语从句中的谓语是are so easily dismissed。inescap- ably意为“不可避免地”,ideological意为“意识形态上的”,dismiss as意为“因…不予理会”。【考点归纳】 dismiss是考研英语中的重点词汇之一,具有多个不同的意思。

* 让…离开,把…打发走

He was dismissed from the hospital a week later.

他一周之后出了院。

* 解散,遣散

The teacher usually dismisses the class on time.

这位老师通常会按时下课。

* 免…的职,解雇,开除(dismiss from)

He was dismissed from his job.

他被开除了。

*(从头脑中)去除,不考虑,抛弃

She dismissed the idea of going to Paris.

她打消了去巴黎的念头。

* 【律】驳回,不受理

The judge dismissed the case for lack of evidence.

法官因缺乏证据而不受理这宗案件。

5. As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.【译文】 你会逐渐发现,当我们了解到健康的心理无处不在,而且可以信任它时,这会让我们恰到好处地放慢生活的节奏,过上幸福的生活。【点睛】 本句的主语较长,由两个动名词短语构成:knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it,谓语和宾语是allow us,其后的不定式to slow down to the moment and live life happily作allow的宾语补足语。句首的As引导定语从句,as引导定语从句位于句首时常常可译为“正如…”,本句也可译为“正如你会逐渐发现的那样”。to the moment意为“不差片刻地,恰恰在规定时间内”。

6. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs.【译文】 他的论点是:这些人不同寻常的历史使他们经受了前所未有的进化压力,而这种压力导致了这种似乎矛盾的状况。【点睛】 句子的主干为his argument is that ...。句中的两个that分别引导两个从句:第一个为is的表语从句,第二个则为修饰pressures的定语从句。短语subject to意为“使(某物)经受…”,result in意为“导致”。【考点归纳】 that可以用作指示代词,也可以用作从属连词和关系代词引导句子。

* 作为指示代词:

Does that matter? 那有什么关系呢?

* 作为从属连词,可以引导陈述分句,只起语法作用,没有词汇意义:

He said that you would never be able to visit the old man. 他说,你将再也拜访不了那位老人了。

* 作为关系代词,引导定语从句,并且在从句中担当成分:

In this way you may face a lot of troubles that will make you upset.

这样一来,你会遇到不少令你坐立难安的麻烦。

7. The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and 16th-century explorations of North America.【译文】 15和16世纪对北美洲的探索过了一百多年之后,第一批满载移民的船只横渡大西洋,驶往现在被称为美国的那片土地。【点睛】 本句的主干是The first shiploads of immigrants crossed the Atlantic。immigrants后的bound for the territory which is now the United States作主语的后置定语,其中还包含一个which引导的定语从句修饰territory。more than a hundred years...是本句的时间状语。

8. It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with once for all.【译文】 期望有什么社会可以一次性解决其面临的所有社会问题,是很天真的。【点睛】 句型it is+形容词+不定式结构(to do sth.)意为“做…很…”,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语是不定式结构to do sth.。该句中that引导的是expect的宾语从句,其中it is faced with是以problems为先行词的定语从句。短语once for all意为“一劳永逸地”,作谓语动词resolve的状语。【考点归纳】 与once相关的常用短语还有:

* once again/more 再一次

Please do that once again. 请再做一遍。

* all at once 突然

All at once there was a loud knock on the door.

突然传来很响的敲门声。

* once in a while 偶尔

I write to my parents once in a while.

我偶尔给父母写封信。

* at once 立刻;同时

Don't speak at once. 大家不要一起说。

9. The chairman of the board pressed on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.【译文】 董事长硬将一项不落好的工作派给我,让我解雇公司无力支付薪水的那些优秀员工。【点睛】 press sth. on sb. 意为“将某事物强加于某人,强迫某人接受某物”。介词of+动名词短语dismissing...用于解释说明job的具体内容。the firm...employ是以workers为先行词的定语从句,省略了关系代词,其中afford和情态动词can连用表示“付得起钱”。【考点归纳】

与动词press相关的常见短语还有:

* press(sb.)for 为得到…而催促某人

That company is pressing me for a decision on their offer.

那家公司正催我对他们提供的工作做出决定。

* press sb. to do sth. 极力劝说某人做某事

Lisa pressed me to stay a little longer.

莉萨极力劝我再多待一会儿。

* press sb./sth. into service(因急需)征用某人/某物(习语)

Their neighbors were pressed into service when the Whites are very busy.

怀特一家特别忙的时候,他们的邻居都来帮忙。

10. But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.【译文】 但是美国特有的地理条件,不同民族之间的相互影响,以及在这个原始的新大陆上维持原有生活方式的高难度引起了巨大的变化。【点睛】 本句的主语较长,由三个名词短语构成:the force of..., the interplay of..., the sheer difficulty of...。句子的谓语和宾语是caused significant changes。【考点归纳】

sheer作形容词有三层意思:

* 表示强调,纯粹的,如sheer delight“纯粹的喜悦”。

* 形容悬崖峭壁等陡峭的、完全垂直的,如a sheer drop“一个陡坡”。

* 形容衣料非常轻薄、精致,如sheer muslin“薄纱”。

11. It was no coincidence that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.【译文】 劫案发生的时候,他的车在银行旁边被发现,这并不是巧合。【点睛】 该句为“it+be+名词+that从句”的句式,其中it为形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。当作主语的句子较长时,通常要将其后置,以免出现头重脚轻的情况。【考点归纳】

引导主语从句的连接词主要有以下三种:

* 连词that, whether等:

It's certain that prices will go up.

物价要上涨是肯定的。

* 连接代词who,what,which以及其强调形式whoever,whatever,whichever:

Whatever you did was right.

你所做的一切都是对的。

* 连接副词when,where,how,why等:

It's not important why he left.

他为什么离开并不重要。

12. When people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that produces pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to connect with one another.【译文】 当人们信任某个人或某个机构时,他们的大脑会释放出催产素,一种产生愉悦感的荷尔蒙,这种荷尔蒙会引发群居本能,促使人们相互联系。【点睛】 本句主干是brains release oxytocin。句首是when引导的时间状语从句。a hormone that produces...with one another作为同位语解释说明前面的名词oxytocin,其中包含两个that引导的定语从句。第一个that引导的定语从句“that produces pleasurable...herding instinct”修饰a hormone,第二个that引导的定语从句“that prompts humans to connect with one another”修饰herding instinct。place one's trust in sb./sth. 意为“相信某人/某事”;trigger意为“引起,引发”;herding instinct意为“群居本能”;prompt意为“促使;引起,激起”,常用的固定搭配prompt sb. to do sth. 意为“促使某人做某事”。

13. Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.【译文】 我们用church这个词来指代所有的宗教机构,包括基督教、伊斯兰教、佛教、犹太教,等等。【点睛】 as we use the word是以church为先行词的定语从句,其中as是the word的同位语。be they Christian, Islamic...相当于whether they are Christian, Islamic...,表示“不管它们是基督教、伊斯兰教…”,是倒装句的一种情况,省略了whether引导的让步状语从句,常用be+主语+其他。

14. Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to that it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.【译文】 在一个人们花很多时间听他人说话和听他人对自己说话的社会,社会已经失去了为自身说话的意愿和技巧,这时会话的力量就变弱了。【点睛】 第一个that引导的是以society为先行词的定语从句。so和第二个that构成so...that...句型,表示“太…以至于/以致”,that引导的是结果状语从句。spend time(in)doing sth. 表示“花时间做某事”。介词but出现在all之后表示“除…之外什么都没有”,用以表示强调。【考点归纳】

以下两种搭配均可以表示“花时间做某事”:

* spend some time on sth./(in) doing sth.

He spent two hours on computer games.

他花了两个小时玩电脑游戏。

I spent half a day(in)doing the homework.

我花了半天的时间做家庭作业。

* it takes sb. some time to do sth.

It took me half a day to wash my clothes.

洗衣服花了我半天的时间。

15. One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. By this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.【译文】 翻译的困难之一在于获得相对应的概念,也就是说,在翻译过程中,一种语言中的某一概念的含义会丧失或改变。【点睛】 名词difficulty常与介词in搭配,表示“…方面的困难”。句型By...is meant that...可以看成是What is meant by...?的变形,用于解释说明前文的内容。【考点归纳】 和mean有关的常见句型还有:

* I mean...我的意思是…,我是说…

I mean it's unfair.

我是说这不公平。

* What do you mean by...?你怎么能做/说…?

What do you mean by calling me at this time of night?

你怎么这么晚还给我打电话?

* be meant to do sth. 应该做某事

The police are meant to protect people.

警察应该保护人民。

16. The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is nothing more than an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.【译文】 个体的电视观众总是觉得自己在众多不同的观众中不过是无名无姓、微不足道的。【点睛】 副词invariably为senses的状语,意为“始终不变地,永远如此地”。that引导的是senses的宾语从句。nothing more than意为“仅仅”。名词audience意为“观众,听众”,强调个体时,谓语动词用复数;强调整体时,谓语动词用单数。

17. If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.【译文】 如果我是在演电影的话,该是我抱头痛哭的时候了。【点睛】 本句包含虚拟条件句和it's(high/about) time that...两个虚拟句式。条件状语从句的谓语用were,表示与现在事实相反的假设,主句相应采用了过去将来时。在it's(high/about) time that...的句式中,that引导的从句通常用一般过去时,表示一种虚拟概念。【考点归纳】 虚拟条件句在考试中经常涉及,现将其用法归纳如下:

* 对现在事实相反的虚拟:if条件从句用一般过去时,主句用should/would+动词原形。

If they were here, they would help you.

如果他们在这儿,就会帮你。

* 对过去事实的虚拟:if条件从句用过去完成时,主句用should/would have+过去分词。

If he had worked harder, he would have passed the exam.

如果他当时更加努力地学习,他就会通过考试了。

* 对将来的虚拟:若if条件从句用一般过去时,则主句用should+动词原形;

If you succeeded, everything should be all right.

如果你成功了,一切就都好了。

若if条件从句用were+不定式,则主句用would+动词原形;

If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.

如果你成功了,一切就都好了。

若if条件从句用should+动词原形,则主句用would+动词原形。

If you should succeed, everything would be all right.

如果你成功了,一切就都好了。

18. Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.【译文】 好消息有时会提前发布,英国夺回港口这一消息就是在占领者真正投降的半天前发布的。【点睛】 with引导的介宾短语作整个句子的状语,其中announced为British recapture of the port的后置定语,两者之间为被动关系。before引导时间状语从句限定动作announced发生的时间。

19. According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one had best wait instead of searching for it.【译文】 有一种信念认为真相若要被知晓,它自会现身,因此人们最好是等待而不是去寻找。【点睛】 according to...为整句的状语。if引导的条件状语从句中,is to be known为将来时的被动语态。so引导的结果状语从句中,had best意为“最好”,其后直接跟动词原形。【考点归纳】 与had best含义相近的短语还有:

* had as good/well 倒不如,还是…的好

You had as good go there on foot as wait for the bus, since the company is not far away.

公司离这儿不远,你在这儿等车,倒不如走过去的好。

* had better 最好还是

We had better finish doing this today, for tomorrow we will have other important things to do.

我们最好还是今天把它干完,因为明天还有其他重要的事情要做。

20. She felt suitably humble just as she had when she had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.【译文】 她又有了那种卑微的感觉,就像她第一次看自己一副城里人打扮时的那种感觉,当时她一头金黄色卷发,指甲又红又尖。【点睛】 as引导方式状语从句,其中又包含when引导的时间状语从句。第一个had之后实际上省略了与主句相同的谓语动词felt。hair...pointed为her city self的补语,用于具体说明her city self。

21. There was no sign that Mr. Johnson, who keeps a firm control on the party despite from having resigned leadership of it, would intervene personally.【译文】 约翰逊先生虽然已辞去领导职务,但一直控制着政党,然而并没有迹象表明他会亲自干预政权。【点睛】 that引导的是sign的同位语从句,用于具体说明sign。who引导的是以Mr. Johnson为先行词的定语从句,其中despite from...为该从句的状语。【考点归纳】 同位语从句的常见用法如下:

* 直接跟在名词之后,由that引导,that不可省略。

There is no doubt that you are a scholar.

毫无疑问,你是位学者。

* 有时不直接跟在名词之后。

The news got about that you had won a car in the lottery.

有消息传开说你彩票中奖得了一辆汽车。

* 可由连接代词或连接副词引导。

You have no idea how worried your parents were.

你不知道你父母有多担心。

22. So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.【译文】 孩子们太沉迷于电脑,使得计算机夏令营的领导们不得不常常强迫他们停下来做运动、玩游戏。【点睛】 由于so位于句首,句子后面用助动词do构成了部分倒装的形式。在that引导的从句中,at summer computer camps作leaders的后置定语,for sports and games作break的目的状语。【考点归纳】 当一些含限定或否定意义的副词和副词短语,为了表示强调而置于句首时,句子要主谓倒装,常见的此类副词和副词短语有:

hardly everon

no account

hardly...when

only by

in no circumstances

only in this way

neither/nor

only then

never

scarcely ever

no sooner...than

not only

seldom

not until

so

nowhere

23. Continued exposure to stress has been linked to worsened functioning of the immune system, leaving a person more liable to infection.【译文】 持续处于压力之下和免疫系统功能的弱化存在着某种关联,免疫系统功能的弱化使人更容易受到感染。【点睛】 动词过去分词continued和worsened分别为名词exposure和动名词functioning的定语,表示一种被动关系。现在分词短语leaving...作句子的伴随状语,其中more liable to...作person的补语,表示“更容易…”。

24. The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer at the moment he composes.【译文】 理想的听众在音乐演奏的时候既融入其中,又置身其外,几乎就像作曲家作曲时那样享受音乐。【点睛】 两个at the moment引导的都是时间状语从句。stays和enjoys为句中并列的谓语动词。比较结构as much as...比较了听众和作曲家对音乐的欣赏程度。句中的两个it指代的都是music,he指代的是composer。

25. One sign that you are making progress in an art such as painting or photography is that you begin to realize how much there is to learn.【译文】 你在诸如绘画或摄影这样的艺术上取得进步的标志之一是:你开始意识到有很多东西要学习。【点睛】 该句中两个that所引导的从句有所不同:第一个that引导的是sign的同位语从句,其中such as...用以举例说明art的具体形式。第二个that引导的是表语从句,其中how much引导的是realize的宾语从句。

26. See to it that you include in the examination paper whatever questions they didn't know how to answer last time.【译文】 你务必要在这次的试卷中涵盖所有上次他们不知道答案的问题。【点睛】 see to it that意为“一定注意到,务必”,相当于make sure that。in the examination paper为include的状语,whatever questions为include的宾语。they didn't know...是以questions为先行词的定语从句。【考点归纳】 与动词see相关的常见短语还有:

* see about 安排,着手处理

You'd better see about dinner.

你最好安排一下晚饭。

* see sth. in sb. 注意到某人身上的某事物

I saw a gentleness in you.

我觉得你有一种温柔的气质。

* see sth. out 坚持把某事做完

I don't enjoy the course, but I'll see it out.

我不喜欢这门课,但我会坚持把它上完。

27. The ruling party could even lose its majority in the lower house of parliament, starting a period of prolonged struggling.【译文】 执政党甚至可能在下议院失去其多数党地位,并因此开始长期的抗争。【点睛】 现在分词短语starting...为句子的伴随状语,其中过去分词prolonged为struggling的定语,两者之间为被动关系。

28. If the letter to be mailed was placed on the writing table an hour ago, it is certain to be there now.【译文】 如果那封要寄的信一个小时前是放在写字台上的,那它现在肯定还在那儿。【点睛】 在if引导的条件状语从句中,to be mailed为letter的后置定语,表示将来的概念。该题考查不定式的用法,当certain在句中作表语,表示“一定会…”时,其后要跟动词不定式或that引导的从句。

He is certain to win the game.

他一定会赢得比赛。

He is certain that they will win the game.

他认定他们将赢得比赛。【考点归纳】 将来时的表达方式:

* be going to do

It's going to rain.

要下雨了。

* be about to do

They're about to leave.

他们就要走了。

* be to do

You are not to smoke in the office.

你不能在办公室里抽烟。

29. Having been isolated on a remote island, with little work to occupy them, the soldiers suffered from boredom and low spirits.【译文】 那些士兵身处在一个偏远的岛上,与世隔绝又无事可做,因此闲得无聊,情绪低落。【点睛】 句中Having been isolated是分词结构的被动表达,意为“被隔离”;occupy oneself with的意思是“从事…,忙于…,专心于…”,因此该句中with little work to occupy them意为“没有事情可做”。

30. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence shared the ideals of representative government.【译文】 许多争取独立的领导人都出生于旧式政体和伊比利亚殖民主义的危机时期,他们都抱有代议制政府的理想。【点睛】 该句的主干是leaders shared the ideals。过去分词短语born in...Colonialism作句子的状语,其中born和many of the leaders是被动关系。

31. Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a particular set of laws.【译文】 通常有一种观点,认为新的国家应该是独立自主的,土地面积大到在经济上可以生存,并且通过一套特定的法律统一在一起。【点睛】 that引导的是belief的同位语从句。sovereign和independent含义相近,表示“独立自主的”。large enough...laws作states的补语,其中large和integrated是并列关系。【考点归纳】 set作名词时有以下几个常见义项:

* 一套,一组

a set of tools 一套工具

*(电视、无线电的)接收装置

a colour television set彩色电视机

*(舞台)布景,场景

The play wasn't good, but the set was impressive.

这出戏并不好,但布景倒是让人印象深刻。

32. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because, unlike animals, we stand upright.【译文】 和动物相比,人类通常被认为是嗅觉迟钝的,但这主要是因为我们和动物不同,是直立行走的。【点睛】 compared with animals作第一个分句的状语。第二个分句中,because引导的是原因状语从句,其中largely意为“主要地”,unlike animals为插入语,用于补充说明下文中的we。【考点归纳】 插入语与句中其他成分通常没有语法上的关系,多用逗号与其他成分隔开,一般用来表示说话者的态度等。插入语可以是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。常见的插入语有:

in conclusion 总之

in summary 概括地说

in fact 事实上

in addition 此外

of course 当然

for instance/example 例如

as a matter of fact 事实上

33. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary.【译文】 嗅觉迟钝似乎可以解释为,大脑无法保证所有的嗅觉接收器一直处于工作之中,却可以在必要时创造出新的接收器。【点睛】 that引导的是表语从句,其中finds和can create为并列的谓语动词。it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是to keep...all the time。现在分词短语working all the time为smell receptors的补足语。if necessary为省略句,其完整形式应为if it is necessary。

34. This may explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be.【译文】 这可以解释为什么我们通常对自己的气味不敏感——我们完全无须对其敏感。【点睛】 why引导的是explain的宾语从句。破折号后的we simply do not need to be省略了sensitive to our own smells,是对之前内容的解释说明。【考点归纳】 宾语从句可以是由疑问词引导的句子,具体如下:

* 由whether或if引导的一般疑问句作宾语:

Say whether you agree with my point.

说一说你是否同意我的观点。

* 由what、why、when、where等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语:

I wanted to see for myself what the problem was.

我想亲自看看是什么问题。

* 选择性疑问句作宾语:

I don't know whether I should read this book or not. 我不知道是否该读这本书。

35. Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others.【译文】 关注个人的理论指出,孩子实施犯罪行为是因为他们没有因之前的罪行受到足够的惩罚,或是他们通过和他人交往学会了犯罪行为。【点睛】 centering on the individual作theories的后置定语。suggest在此处意为“指出,表明”,而非“建议”,suggest之后是由that引导的宾语从句。because引导的是由or连接的并列的原因状语从句。

36. Teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others.【译文】 青少年自我意识特别强,他们需要自信,而自信源于获得成功,并且知道自己的成就为他人所佩服。【点睛】 are...self-conscious和need the confidence...为句子的并列谓语部分。第一个that引导的是以confidence为先行词的定语从句。第二个that引导的是knowing的宾语从句。achieving...和knowing...为并列结构,共同作from的宾语。

37. The typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers.【译文】 青少年典型的生活方式已经充满了竞争,因此设计一些优胜者多于失败者的活动是明智的。【点睛】 句中包含so...that...的结构,表示“太…以至于/以致”。it为that引导的结果状语从句的形式主语,不定式结构to plan...为真正

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