六级阅读强化训练600题(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


发布时间:2020-12-02 03:42:19

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作者:新东方考试研究中心

出版社:浙江教育出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

六级阅读强化训练600题

六级阅读强化训练600题试读:

前言

2013年8月,全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会对四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型进行了局部调整。调整后,四、六级的试卷构成相同,由写作、听力理解、阅读理解和翻译四个部分组成,分值比例为:写作15%,听力35%,阅读35%,翻译15%。

在六级考试中,写作、听力、阅读和翻译四大题型各有其重要性,其中,阅读题型所占的分值比重高达35%,其重要性自是不言而喻。如果考生在备考阶段能够掌握阅读技巧,并且进行一定量的阅读强化训练,提升阅读能力,那么无疑将为六级考试奠定制胜的基础。

为了帮助考生全面备战六级阅读各题型,取得好成绩,新东方考试研究中心特别对全国大学英语四、六级考试改革后的最新阅读题型进行了深入剖析,总结历年真题命题规律,准确把握六级阅读的出题脉络,精心选材、命题,最终编写成了本书。本书的特点具体如下:1.精心选材,贴近真题

和历年六级阅读真题的文章一样,本书包含的80篇阅读文章全部选自英美等国家的主流报刊,选材的难度、题材都与真题高度契合,帮助考生及早熟悉六级阅读真题文章的难度,沉着应考。2.海量练习,灵活备考

六级考试的阅读理解一共包含三大题型,分别是选词填空(1篇)、长篇阅读(1篇)和仔细阅读(2篇)。本书参照六级阅读真题各题型的顺序和比例,共设置了20篇选词填空、20篇长篇阅读和40篇仔细阅读,相当于20套六级阅读全真模拟题。根据自身学习需求和习惯,考生可以单独强化训练某一题型,也可以自行将各部分的文章按照六级阅读真题的结构组合起来,进行实战模拟。3.全面讲解,提升能力

本书一共包含600道习题,每道题都有精准的解析,帮助考生熟悉解题方法,提升答题能力。除此之外,书中还给出了选项分析、长难句点睛、重难点词汇和全文译文,帮助考生透彻理解文章中涉及的词汇、表达及语法,在提升阅读能力的同时,还能扩大词汇量,夯实英语基础,多方面提升英语能力。

真心希望本书能帮助广大考生顺利通过考试,并取得满意的成绩。由于时间有限,本书错误之处在所难免,恳请广大考生给我们提出宝贵意见,以便我们不断改善。新东方考试研究中心PART 1选词填空01 A Cube That Can Walk

Cubes aren't usually the go-to shape when creating an object that's meant to move around, but 1 in Switzerland have created one that can do just that—along with a 2 of other surprising talents. Called the Cubli, it measures nearly 6 inches on each side and can walk around by 3 flipping itself over. Perhaps more impressively, it can also balance on any of its sides or even just a single corner. As the research team from ETH Zurich's Institute for Dynamic Systems and Control 4 in a video, the cube can even remain balanced while a surface is raised up at an angle beneath it.

Though it's a moving cube, the Cubli still 5 on a series of spinning wheels to get going. Three internal wheels angled along a different axis each will spin faster or slower in order to maintain enough momentum to keep the cube balanced. By quickly 6 a spinning wheel, the cube can also be caused to flip over, 7 allowing it to move around. The researchers say that Cubli's system of spinning wheels is similar to what 8 satellites out in space, and that other research groups have considered using this technology to build robots that could be used to explore other planets.

A group of researchers at MIT later demonstrated another use for 9 like this: allowing a robot to reassemble itself. MIT's cubes had magnets embedded across their sides and edges, which let them grip each other and form different shapes. Though they weren't able to balance like the Cubli can, MIT's "M-blocks" could move much 10 —actually hopping off the ground when getting around.A)blocks E)effectively I)hardly M)spheresB)continually F)further J)preceding N)stabilizesC)delightful G)haltingK)relies O)strongerD)demonstrates H)handful L)researchers选项分析

[名词]blocks积木 handful少数,少量 researchers研究人员 spheres球体

[动词]demonstrates演示 halting停止 relies依靠 stabilizes使稳固

[形容词]delightful令人愉快的 preceding 先前的 stronger更强壮的

[副词]continually不断地 effectively有效地 further更远地 hardly几乎不长难句点睛

The researchers say that Cubli's system of spinning wheels is similar to what stabilizes satellites out in space, and that other research groups have considered using this technology to build robots that could be used to explore other planets. (Line 4, Para. 2)

[解析]句子的主干为The researchers say that...and that...句子的主语为The researchers,谓语为say,宾语为两个由that引导的从句。that引导的第一个宾语从句中,又包含了一个由what引导的宾语从句。and that...为第二个宾语从句的内容,其中that could be used to explore other planets为定语从句,修饰名词robots。consider意为“考虑”,此处用作及物动词,其后所接的动词须为动名词形式。

[译文]研究者称,“小方块”的转轮系统和在太空稳定住卫星的系统类似,并且还说到其他的研究小组已经考虑在制造探索其他星球的机器人时采用这种技术。答案精解

1.L researchers

[快速解题]名词辨义题。此处空格所在的句子缺乏主语,而谓语是have created,由此可以判断,此处需要填入一个复数名词。备选词汇中只有researchers“研究人员”符合此处语境,故选L。

2.H handful

[快速解题]名词辨义题。根据空格前的不定冠词a和空格后的介词of可以判断,此处需要填入一个单数名词。备选词汇中只有handful“少数,少量”符合此处语境,故选H。a handful of为习惯用法,意为“少数的,少量的”。

3.B continually

[快速解题]副词辨义题。从空格所在句的结构来看,此句并不缺乏任何句子成分,再由空格后的flipping itself over可以判断,此处只能填入副词修饰flipping。flip over为固定搭配,意为“(使)突然翻转”。备选词汇中,continually“不断地”最符合此处语境,故选B。continually flipping itself over意为“不断地自我翻转”。

4.D demonstrates

[快速解题]动词辨义题。空格所在的分句缺少谓语动词,该分句的主语为the research team,而上下文采用的时态都为一般现在时,由此可以判断此处需要填入一个动词的第三人称单数形式,且意义要能与a video构成关联。备选词汇中只有demonstrates“演示”符合此处语境,故选D。

5.K relies

[快速解题]动词辨义题。空格所在的分句缺少谓语动词,依据该分句的主语the Cubli可以判断此处应该填入一个动词的第三人称单数形式,且须能与介词on搭配使用。备选词汇中只有relies“依靠”符合此处语境,故选K。

6.G halting

[快速解题]动词辨义题。根据空格前的By quickly和空格后的a spinning wheel可以判断,此处需要填入一个动词的现在分词形式,且意义上要能与a wheel构成关联。备选词汇中只有halting“停止”符合此处语境,故选G。

7.E effectively

[快速解题]副词辨义题。空格所在的分句作整个句子的状语,而此处空格后紧接的就是现在分词allowing,由此可以判断此处要填入一个表示积极意义的副词修饰allowing。备选词汇中只有effectively“有效地”符合此处语境,故选E。

8.N stabilizes

[快速解题]动词辨义题。根据空格前的is similar to what和空格后的satellites out in space可以判断,此处需要填入一个动词的第三人称单数形式,且意义上须能与satellites构成关联。备选词汇中只有stabilizes“使稳固”符合此处语境,故选N。

9.A blocks

[快速解题]名词辨义题。根据空格前的another use for和空格后的like this可以判断,此处需要填入一个名词。空格后的this指代的是前文中提到的小方块,故而可以判断空格处填入的名词需要与“小方块”类似。备选词汇中只有blocks符合此处语境,故选A。

10.F further

[快速解题]副词辨义题。根据空格前的could move much可以判断,此处需要填入一个副词修饰move。备选词汇中只有further“更远地”符合此处语境,故选F。重难点词汇

flip over(使)突然翻转

spin[spɪn] v. 旋转

axis[ˈæksɪs] n.轴

momentum[məˈmentəm] n.动量,动力

reassemble[ˌriːəˈsembl] v. 重新装配

embed[ɪmˈbed] v. 嵌入

hop off 跳离全文译文一个可以行走的方块

当人们设计一个能四处移动的物体时,通常方块都不是首选形状,但是瑞士的研究人员刚好创造出了一个可以行走的方块,这个方块还具备少量其他令人吃惊的能力。它被命名为“小方块”,每个面的边长约6英寸。它可以通过不断地自我翻转而四处移动。或许更令人印象深刻的是,它还能通过任意一面,甚至是一个角来保持平衡。正如瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院动力系统和控制研究中心的研究团队在一个视频中展示的一样,该方块甚至可以在其下面的平面以任何角度被抬起来的情况下依然保持平衡。

虽然它是一个可以移动的方块,“小方块”仍然要依靠一系列的转轮来实现行走。三个内置的转轮分别沿着不同的轴以不同的角度设置,它们通过旋转更快或者更慢,以保持足够的动量来维持该方块的平衡。通过快速地让正在旋转的轮子停止旋转,还可以促使该方块翻转,有效地使它得以四处走动。研究者称,“小方块”的转轮系统和在太空稳定住卫星的系统类似,并且还说到其他的研究小组已经考虑在制造探索其他星球的机器人时采用这种技术。

麻省理工大学的一组研究人员后来演示了与此类似的立方体的另一个用途:允许机器人重新组装自己。麻省理工大学的这些方块的面和边缘都嵌入了磁铁。磁铁可以使得各个方块相互吸引,并形成不同的形状。虽然它们不能像“小方块”那样保持平衡,但是麻省理工大学的"M-blocks"可以走更远——事实上在走动的时候是跳离了地面的。02 Memory Appears Susceptible to Eradication of Fear Responses

Fear responses can only be erased when people learn something new while retrieving the fear memory. This is the conclusion of a study 1 by scientists from the University of Amsterdam and published in the journal Science.

Three researchers have developed a method to determine whether an acquired fear response is susceptible to modification. By doing so, they have revealed the 2 under which an acquired fear response can be eradicated.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is currently the most common and effective type of treatment for people 3 from anxiety disorders. However, the effects are often short-lived and the fear returns in many patients. One major finding of the study is that when participants were given propranolol(心得安,一种药物), a beta blocker, while retrieving a 4 fear memory, the acquired fear response was shown to be totally erased a day or a month later. The researchers 5 found that the fear did not come back, despite the use of techniques specifically aimed to make it return. This indicates that the fear memory was either fully eradicated, or could no longer be 6 .

For their study the researchers used a fear conditioning procedure in which a specific picture was followed by a painful 7 . While the participants viewed the pictures, the researchers measured the anticipation of the painful stimulus as well as the more autonomous fear response on the basis of the startle reflex(惊跳反射).

The current findings will contribute to the further development of more effective and 8 therapies for patients suffering from excessive anxiety disorders, such as trauma 9 . There was no independent measure to indicate whether the memory is susceptible to modification up until now. The researchers have shown that the fear response can be eradicated 10 , provided that the person concerned actually learns something new while retrieving the fear memory.A)accessed E)decent I)infecting M)sufferingB)circumstances F)efficient J)repeatedly N)verdictsC)completely G)essential K)specific O)victimsD)conducted H)exceedingly L)stimulus选项分析

[名词]circumstances情况 stimulus刺激 verdicts裁决 victims 受害人

[动词]accessed接近,获取 conducted组织实施 infecting感染 suffering经受

[形容词]decent得体的 efficient有效率的 essential必要的 specific特定的

[副词]completely彻底地 exceedingly非常地 repeatedly反复地长难句点睛

1.One major finding of the study is that when participants were given propranolol(心得安,一种药物), a beta blocker, while retrieving a specific fear memory, the acquired fear response was shown to be totally erased a day or a month later. (Line 3, Para. 3)

[解析]句子的主干为One major finding of the study is...句中的a beta blocker为propranolol的同位语。that引导表语从句,其中又包含由when引导的时间状语从句。为了避免重复,while后面省略了前文中提到的participants were。while强调两个动作的同时进行,即were given propranolol和retrieving a specific fear memory为同时发生。

[译文]该研究的一个主要发现是:当给参与者服下一种叫做“心得安”的β-受体阻滞药,同时检索特定的恐惧记忆,可以看到已获得的恐惧反应在一天或一个月后彻底消失了。

2.The researchers have shown that the fear response can be eradicated completely, provided that the person concerned actually learns something new while retrieving the fear memory. (Line 4, Para. 5)

[解析]句子的主干为The researchers have shown that...其中,that引导宾语从句,宾语从句中又包含一个条件状语从句,provided that意为“假如,倘若”。

[译文]研究人员表明,如果当事人在检索恐惧记忆的同时确实学到了新的东西,恐惧反应就可以被彻底根除。答案精解

1.D conducted

[快速解题]动词辨义题。根据空格前的a study和空格后的by scientists可以判断,此处需要填入一个动词的过去分词形式,连同其后面的内容作名词study的后置定语。备选词汇中只有conducted“组织实施”符合此处语境,故选D。

2.B circumstances

[快速解题]名词辨义题。根据空格前的have revealed the可以判断,此处需要填入一个名词,且能与空格后的under搭配使用。备选词汇中只有circumstances“情况”符合此处语境,故选B。under the circumstances意为“在这种情况下”。

3.M suffering

[快速解题]动词辨义题。根据空格后的from anxiety disorders和整个句子的语法结构可以判断,此处需要填入一个动词的现在分词形式,连同其后面的内容作名词people的后置定语,说明people当前的状态。备选词汇中只有suffering“经受”符合此处语境,故选M。suffer from为常用搭配,意为“患……病”,也可指“经受,忍受……”。

4.K specific

[快速解题]形容词辨义题。根据空格前的不定冠词a和空格后的fear memory可以判断,此处需要填入一个形容词,以修饰fear memory。备选词汇中只有specific“特定的”符合此处语境,故选K。

5.J repeatedly

[快速解题]副词辨义题。根据空格前的The researchers和空格后的found that可以判断,此处需要填入一个副词,以修饰动词found。备选词汇中只有repeatedly“反复地”符合此处语境,故选J。

6.A accessed

[快速解题]动词辨义题。根据空格前的was either fully eradicated, or could no longer be可以判断,此处所填的词汇要和eradicated形式一致,备选词汇中只有accessed“接近,获取”符合此处语境,故选A。

7.L stimulus

[快速解题]名词辨义题。根据空格前的was followed by a painful可以判断,此处需要填入一个名词的单数形式。备选词汇中只有stimulus“刺激”符合此处语境,故选L。

8.F efficient

[快速解题]形容词辨义题。根据空格前的more effective and和空格后的therapies for可以判断,此处需要填入一个能与effective“有效的”并列使用的形容词。备选词汇中只有efficient“有效率的”符合此处语境,故选F。

9.O victims

[快速解题]名词辨义题。根据空格前的such as trauma可以判断,此处需要填入一个名词,为对前面提到的patients的举例。备选词汇中只有victims“受害人”符合语境,故选O。

10.C completely

[快速解题]副词辨义题。根据空格前的can be eradicated可以判断,此处需要填入一个副词,以修饰动词eradicated。备选词汇中只有completely“彻底地”符合此处语境,故选C。重难点词汇

erase[ɪˈreɪz] v. 擦掉,抹去痕迹

retrieve[rɪˈtriːv] v. 重新获得

susceptible[səˈseptəbl] a. 易受某事物影响或损害的

modification[ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n.修改,改变

eradicate[ɪˈrædɪkeɪt] v. 根除,消灭

autonomous[ɔːˈtɒnəməs] a. 自主的

trauma[ˈtrɔːmə] n. 创伤

provided[prəˈvaɪdɪd] conj. 假如,倘若全文译文记忆似乎易受根除恐惧反应的影响

只有人们在检索恐惧记忆的时候学到新的东西,这种恐惧反应才能够消除。这项结论来自阿姆斯特丹大学的科学家进行的一项研究,发表在《科学》杂志上。

三名研究人员开发了一种方法来判定已经获得的恐惧反应是否容易被改变。通过研究,他们揭示了在什么情况下可以根除已有的恐惧反应。

认知行为疗法是目前最常见且有效的治疗焦虑症患者的方法。然而,疗效通常持续时间较短,很多患者会再次产生恐惧心理。该研究的一个主要发现是:当给参与者服下一种叫做“心得安”的β-受体阻滞药,同时检索特定的恐惧记忆,可以看到已获得的恐惧反应在一天或一个月后彻底消失了。研究人员多次发现,这种恐惧不会再回来,即使运用专门的技术让它回来也无法实现。这表明恐惧记忆不是被彻底根除了,就是再也触碰不到了。

在他们的研究中,研究人员使用一种恐惧条件反射程序:一张特定的照片,紧随其后的是一个痛苦的刺激。参与者观看照片时,研究人员测量了他们对痛苦刺激的预期程度以及在惊跳反射基础上,更加自主的恐惧反应。

当前的研究结果将有助于进一步研发更加有效和高效的治疗过度焦虑患者的方法,如受过精神创伤的患者。但到目前为止,没有独立的测量方法来显示记忆是否容易被改变。研究人员表明,如果当事人在检索恐惧记忆的同时确实学到了新的东西,恐惧反应就可以被彻底根除。03 Online Privacy: How to Disappear

As details of American snooping(窥探)spread, sales of “1984”, George Orwell's fable of an ever-watching state, rocketed. So did traffic to websites run by Tactical Technology Collective, a 1 that teaches journalists and activists how to evade online spies. "It can be hard to persuade people accept surveillance(监视) 2 to them," admits Stephanie Hankey, a co-founder. Apparently not any more.

Opponents have always trying to take 3 to cover compromising communications. But computers now mark suspicious patterns in daily activities too. People need greater alertness and face three challenges to keep secrets.

The first is stopping the nosy(爱管闲事的)sniffing communications in transit. Unencrypted(未加密的)e-mails are as 4 as postcards, warns Ben Wagner, an Internet specialist at the European University Institute. Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), scrambling(打乱)software that works with several web clients, can prevent such snooping.

Another task is to stop spies sucking data from wherever it is 5 . That means withdrawing from services, such as social networks and search engines, that must pass data to governments—or 6 out alternatives in untouchable territories. A battered desktop with free software makes a secure e-mail server.

It is 7 to escape from systems that record whether communications have taken place. "Using a mobile is the worst thing you can do," says Marek Tuszynski at Tactical Technology. The call logs(通话记录)kept by telecoms firms are difficult to avoid. Internet users have more security. Free software such as Tor can hide their identity by 8 routing their requests.

But staying under the radar is boring and hard to keep up. Clueless contacts can blow your cover. Even technophiles(技术爱好者)may compromise themselves by 9 means.

Ms Hankey would prefer laws, not just technology, to preserve people's 10 . She wants governments in Europe and elsewhere to boost alternatives to America's "digital monopolies".A)charity E)matters I)posted M)storedB)cleverly F)meaningless J)privacy N)trickierC)clinic G)measures K)seeking O)unconsciouslyD)hopefully H)open L)simpler选项分析

[名词]charity慈善团体 clinic诊所 measures措施 privacy隐私

[动词]matters关系重大 posted张贴 seeking寻求 stored储存

[形容词]meaningless无意义的 open公开的 simpler更简单的 trickier更棘手的

[副词]cleverly巧妙地 hopefully有希望地 unconsciously无意识地长难句点睛

1.So did traffic to websites run by Tactical Technology Collective, a charity that teaches journalists and activists how to evade online spies. (Line 2, Para. 1)

[解析]句子的主干为So did traffic to websites。本句为So引导的倒装句,表示前句所述的情况也适用于该句中的traffic to websites run by Tactical Technology Collective,即Tactical Technology Collective组织所经营的网站的访问量也迅速增加。run by...为过去分词短语作websites的后置定语。后半句中的a charity that teaches journalists and activists how to evade online spies为Tactical Technology Collective的同位语。

[译文]Tactical Technology Collective组织所经营的网站的访问量也迅速增加。该组织是一家慈善机构,主要教授记者以及活跃分子们如何规避网络间谍。

2.That means withdrawing from services, such as social networks and search engines, that must pass data to governments—or seeking out alternatives in untouchable territories. (Line 1, Para. 4)

[解析]句子的主干为That means withdrawing...or seeking。此处的means为动词,意为“意味着”,其后可以接名词、动名词和that从句。such as social networks and search engines是对前面提到的services进行举例,相当于插入语,不影响句子的结构。that must pass data to governments修饰services。连接词or引导的内容和withdrawing from services一样,均为means的宾语。

[译文]这意味着需要放弃一些必须将数据传给政府的服务项目,比如社交网络以及搜索引擎,或者在不可触及的领域中寻求替代品。答案精解

1.A charity

[快速解题]名词辨义题。根据空格前的不定冠词a和空格后的that可以判断,此处需要填入一个名词的单数形式。备选词汇中clinic意为“诊所”,显然不符合句意,因而只有charity“慈善团体”符合此处语境,故选A。

2.E matters

[快速解题]动词辨义题。根据空格前的to persuade people accept surveillance和空格后的to them可以判断,此处需要填入一个动词的第三人称单数形式。备选词汇中只有matters“关系重大”符合此处语境,故选E。

3.G measures

[快速解题]名词辨义题。根据空格前的take和空格后的to cover可以判断,此处需要填入一个名词,且需能够与take搭配使用。备选词汇中只有measures“措施”符合此处语境,故选G。

4.H open

[快速解题]形容词辨义题。根据空格前的are as和空格后的as postcards可以判断,此处需要填入一个形容词。由于空格所在的段落讲述的是如何阻止传输过程中的通信信息窃取活动,可以推知该句是要论述未加密邮件的不安全性。备选词汇中只有open“公开的”符合此处语境,故选H。

5.M stored

[快速解题]动词辨义题。根据空格前的wherever it is可以判断,此处需要填入一个动词的过去分词形式。由于空格所在句子讲述的是防止间谍窃取数据,因而排除备选词汇中的posted“张贴”,只有stored“储存”符合此处语境,故选M。

6.K seeking

[快速解题]动词辨义题。根据空格处所在的句子结构分析,空格处所填词汇应和withdrawing并列,可判断此处需要填入一个动名词,且能和out搭配使用。备选词汇中只有seeking“寻求”符合此处语境,seek out意为“找到,追寻到”,故选K。

7.N trickier

[快速解题]形容词辨义题。根据空格前的It is和空格后的to escape from可以判断,此处需要填入一个形容词。根据上下文可以推知,空格所在的句子讲述的是很难避开记录通信信息的系统。备选词汇中只有trickier“更棘手的”符合此处语境,故选N。

8.B cleverly

[快速解题]副词辨义题。根据空格前的by和空格后的routing their requests可以判断,此处需要填入一个副词,以修饰动名词routing。routing their requests意为“按指定路线发送请求”,故而备选词汇中只有cleverly“巧妙地”符合此处语境,故选B。

9.L simpler

[快速解题]形容词辨义题。根据空格前的by和空格后的名词means可以判断,此处需要填入一个形容词,以修饰means。根据上下文,备选词汇中只有simpler“更简单的”符合此处语境,故选L。

10.J privacy

[快速解题]名词辨义题。根据空格前的people's可以判断,此处需要填入一个名词。由于全文围绕保护人们的隐私展开,不难推断此处应该填入的是privacy“隐私”,故选J。重难点词汇

fable[ˈfeɪbl] n.寓言

rocket[ˈrɒkɪt] v. 迅速增加

evade[ɪˈveɪd] v. 规避

compromising[ˈkɒmprəmaɪzɪŋ] a.不宜泄露的

suspicious[səˈspɪʃəs] a.可疑的

sniff[snɪf] v. 嗅探

route[ruːt] v. 按指定路线发送

under the radar 低调神秘,不引人注目

boost[buːst] v. 增加

monopoly[məˈnɒpəli] n.垄断全文译文网络隐私:如何抹去上网痕迹

随着美国“监控门”的细节不断传播,《1984》的销量也直线上升。该书是乔治·奥威尔所写的一部寓言,讲的是一个一直都在进行监控活动的国家。Tactical Technology Collective组织所经营的网站的访问量也迅速增加。该组织是一家慈善机构,主要教授记者以及活跃分子们如何规避网络间谍。“劝说人们接受和自己切身利益相关的监视很难。”集团的共同创立者之一斯蒂芬妮·汉基承认这一点。显然,现在不再困难了。

反对者一直以来都尝试掩藏其不宜泄露的通信。但是,现在的电脑也会标记日常活动中的可疑事件。人们需要更多的警觉。要想保守住秘密,人们现在面临着三大挑战。

第一大挑战是停止传输过程中爱管闲事的嗅探通信。欧洲大学研究所的本·瓦格纳警告说,没有加密的电子邮件就像明信片一样公开透明。一款叫做“完美隐私”的软件(PGP)可以对与网络客户合作的软件进行干扰,防止这样的窥探活动。

另一大挑战是,阻止间谍从数据存储处窃取数据。这意味着需要放弃一些必须将数据传给政府的服务项目,比如社交网络以及搜索引擎,或者在不可触及的领域中寻求替代品。一台装有免费软件的破旧电脑就可以成为一个非常安全的电子邮件服务器。

避开记录通信信息的系统是一个更加棘手的挑战。Tactical Technology Collective组织的马雷克·图申斯基说:“使用手机是最糟糕的一件事情。”很难避免通信公司做电话通信记录。互联网用户更安全一些。像Tor一样的免费软件可以巧妙地按指定路线发送请求,从而达到隐藏身份的目的。

但是,始终保持隐私是一件无聊又困难的事。愚蠢的联系人可能会泄露你的身份。即使是技术爱好者,也可能很容易地暴露自己。

汉基女士认为,要保护人们的隐私,不仅需要技术,还需要法律。她希望欧洲和其他地区的政府能够鼓励发展美国“数字垄断”的替代品。04 China's Disposable Chopstick Addiction Is Destroying Its Forests

It is reported that China uses 20 million trees each year to feed the country's disposable chopstick habit. At about 4,000 chopsticks per tree, that's roughly 80 billion chopsticks per year—far more than the 57 billion 1 by the country's national forest bureau.

While this is hardly the first time that the chopstick issue has come up in China, the new numbers make the problem look particularly 2 . The country's last forest survey, published in 2009, documented rampant(猖獗的)deforestation and forest quality far below the global 3 . Greenpeace has even dedicated a campaign to the chopstick problem, 4 it for the destruction of 1.18 million square meters of forest every year.

China has tried to clamp down on chopsticks before— 5 by taxing them and wooden floor boards, another environmental offender. In 2008, the Wall Street Journal's Jane Spencer reported on a cultural backlash against the chopsticks, led by celebrities, activists and 6 minded youth.

"Disposable chopsticks are 7 China's forests," a 26-year-old activist, dressed as an orangutan(猩猩)reportedly said at a protest at Microsoft's Chinese 8 . "We must protest this pointless waste!”

But protest does not appear to have done the trick. In 2010, a 9 mudslide(泥石流)that killed 700 was blamed on deforestation, reports the Wall Street Journal. Perhaps the activist's appeal to the government represents an appeal to more transparently confront the issue.

"We must change our 10 habits and encourage people to carry their own tableware," he said.A)average E)deed I)friendly M)unfairlyB)blaming F)destroying J)headquarters N)urgentC)chiefly G)environmentally K)massive O)utmostD)consumption H) estimated L)overcome选项分析

[名词]average平均数 consumption消费 deed行动 headquarters总部

[动词]blaming指责,归咎 destroying摧毁,毁坏 estimated估计 overcome克服

[形容词]friendly友好的 massive大规模的 urgent紧急的 utmost极度的

[副词]chiefly主要地 environmentally有关环境地 unfairly不公平地长难句点睛

China has tried to clamp down on chopsticks before—chiefly by taxing them and wooden floor boards, another environmental offender. (Line 1, Para. 3)

[解析]句子的主干为China has tried to clamp down on chopsticks。句中有一个破折号,破折号后面的内容是对其前面内容的进一步解释说明。another environmental offender为wooden floor boards的同位语。clamp down on为常用搭配,意为“(对……)进行压制(或取缔)”。

[译文]中国之前一直试图取缔一次性筷子——主要是通过对一次性筷子和另一环境破坏者木地板征税。答案精解

1.H estimated

[快速解题]动词辨义题。根据空格前的the 57 billion和空格后的by the country's national forest bureau可以判断,此处空格及其后的内容为后置定语修饰the 57 billion,且此处需要填入一个动词的过去分词形式,表示由the country's national forest bureau发出的一个动作。备选词汇中只有estimated“估计”符合语境,故选H。

2.N urgent

[快速解题]形容词辨义题。根据空格前的look particularly可以判断,此处需要填入一个形容词,作感官系动词look的表语。由于此处空格填入的词汇描述的是前面提到的因为使用一次性筷子而造成大量森林遭到砍伐的问题,所以备选词汇中只有urgent“紧急的”符合此处语境,故选N。

3.A average

[快速解题]名词辨义题。根据空格前的far below the global可知,此处需要填入一个表示某个特定数量或程度的名词。备选词汇中只有average“平均数”符合语境,故选A。

4.B blaming

[快速解题]动词辨义题。空格前面的分句结构完整,可以判断空格所在的部分为伴随状语,故而此处需要填入一个动词的现在分词形式。备选词汇中只有blaming“指责,归咎”符合语境,故选B。

5.C chiefly

[快速解题]副词辨义题。空格所在的句子由一个破折号断开成前后两部分,破折号后面的内容对前面所述的动作的方式进行补充说明,再由空格后的by taxing...可知,此处填入一个副词即可。备选词汇中只有chiefly“主要地”符合语境,故选C。

6.G environmentally

[快速解题]副词辨义题。根据空格后的minded youth可以判断,此处需要填入一个可以修饰minded的副词。备选词汇中只有environmentally“有关环境地”符合语境,故选G。environmentally minded意为“具有环保意识的”。

7.F destroying

[快速解题]动词辨义题。根据空格前的are和空格后的China's forests可以判断,此处需要填入一个动词的现在分词形式。备选词汇中只有destroying“摧毁,毁坏”符合语境,故选F。

8.J headquarters

[快速解题]名词辨义题。根据空格前的at Microsoft's Chinese可以判断,此处需要填入一个表示地点或场合的名词。备选词汇中只有headquarters“总部”符合语境,故选J。

9.K massive

[快速解题]形容词辨义题。根据空格前的不定冠词a和空格后的名词mudslide可以判断,此处需要填入一个形容词,修饰mudslide“泥石流”。备选词汇中只有massive“大规模的”符合语境,故选K。

10.D consumption

[快速解题]修饰搭配题。根据空格前的change our和空格后的habits可以判断,此处需要填入一个能够修饰habits的词。备选词汇中只有consumption“消费”和friendly“友好的”能修饰habits,而consumption habits意为“消费习惯”,符合文中“改变人们的消费习惯”这一语境,故选D。重难点词汇

disposable[dɪˈspəʊzəbl] a.一次性的

bureau[ˈbjʊərəʊ] n.局;司;处

deforestation[ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn] n.砍伐森林

dedicate[ˈdedɪkeɪt] v. 致力于

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