作者：金利
出版社：西安交通大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
新东方·英语专业四级语法与词汇特训试读：
版权信息书名：新东方·英语专业四级语法与词汇特训作者：金利排版：KingStar出版社：西安交通大学出版社出版时间：2013-09-01ISBN：9787560552323本书由北京新东方大愚文化传播有限公司授权北京当当科文电子商务有限公司制作与发行。— · 版权所有 侵权必究 · —第一章 真题自测与大纲解读第一节 真题自测1.My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man________he was fifteen years ago.
A. which
B. whom
C. who
D. that
2.Which of the following sentences is a COMMAND?
A. Beg your pardon.
B. Have a good time.
C. Never do that again!
D. What noise you are making!
3.Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose?
A. She said it for fun, but others took her seriously.
B. For all its effort, the team didn't win the match.
C. Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years.
D. He set out for Beijing yesterday.
4.When you have finished with the book, don't forget to return it to Tim,________?
A. do you
B. will you
C. don't you
D. won't you
5.In phrases like freezing cold, burning hot, or soaking wet, the -ING participle is used________.
A. as a command
B. as a condition
C. for concession
D. for emphasis
6.Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT?
A. The city is now ten times its original size.
B. I wish I had two times his strength.
C. The seller asked for double the usual price.
D. They come here four times every year.
7.It is not so much the language________the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.
A. as
B. nor
C. but
D. like
8.Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object?
A. What do you think has happened to her?
B. Who do you think the visiting professor is?
C. How much do you think he earns every month?
D. How quickly would you say he would come?
9.The additional work will take________weeks.
A. the other
B. another two
C. other two
D. the more
10.Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause (主语从句)?
A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time.
B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.
C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.
D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.
11.It's getting late. I'd rather you________now.
A. left
B. leave
C. are leaving
D. will leave
12.In the sentence “The manager interviewed Jim himself in the morning”, the italicized word is used to modify________.
A. the object
B. the verb
C. the subject
D. the prepositional phrase
13.There is no doubt________the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned.
A. whether
B. that
C. why
D. when
14.The sentence that expresses OFFER is________.
A. I'll get some drinks. What'll you have?
B. Does she need to book a ticket now?
C. May I know your name?
D. Can you return the book next week?
15.Which of the following italicized phrases indicates a subject-predicate relation (主谓关系)?
A. Mr Smith's passport has been issued.
B. The visitor's arrival was reported in the news.
C. John's travel details have not been finalized.
D. The new bookstore sells children's stories.
16.Our office has recently________to a new computer system.
A. altered
B. converted
C. transformed
D. modified
17.The crowd went________as soon as the singer stepped onto the stage.
A. wild
B. emotional
C. uncontrolled
D. unrestricted
18.Our school library is________closed for repairs.
A. shortly
B. quickly
C. temporarily
D. rapidly
19.John is up to his eyes in work at the moment. The underlined part means________.
A. very excited
B. very busy
C. very tired
D. very efficient
20.Victoria bumped into her brother quite by chance in the supermarket. The underlined word means________.
A. risk
B. opportunity
C. possibility
D. luck
21.“Look at those pretty girls' skirts” is________, because it is not clear whether the girls or the skirts are “pretty”.
A. ambiguous
B. hidden
C. indirect
D. indistinct
22.House repairs, holidays, school fees and other________have reduced his bank balance to almost nothing.
A. amount
B. payment
C. expenses
D. figures
23.It was really________of you to remember my birthday.
A. grateful
B. thoughtful
C. considerable
D. generous
24.You can go to a travel agency and ask for a holiday________.
A. introduction
B. advertisement
C. book
D. brochure
25.The city government is building more roads to________the increasing number of cars.
A. accommodate
B. receive
C. accept
D. hold
26.They've lifted a two-year-long economic________on the country.
A. enclosure
B. restriction
C. blockade
D. prohibition
27.Everyone is surprised that she has fallen out with her boy friend. The underlined part means________.
A. left
B. quarreled
C. attacked
D. defeated
28.His plan is carefully prepared and full of details, so it is a very________one.
A. elaborate
B. refined
C. ambitious
D. complex
29.The girl's voice was so low that we could________hear her.
A. seldom
B. almost
C. only
D. barely
30.She must have been pretty________to fall for such an old trick.
A. interested
B. gullible
C. enthusiastic
D. shrewd答案速查：第二节 真题点评
1.［答案］D［考点］考查定语从句的引导词。
［译文］我叔叔因多年的艰辛工作而疲惫不堪，他再也不是15年前的那个人了。
句子中，he is no longer the man是主句，the man是表语，从句he was fifteen years ago缺少一个能指人的引导词，因此排除A。而横线前的the man是特指，且要填入的引导词在从句中作表语，只能选that，故D为正确答案。要点归纳that和which作引导词的区别：● that可引导人或物，而which只引导物。● which可引导限定性和非限定性定语从句，而that只能引导限定性定语从句。● that与which在定语从句中最大的区别在于，先行词前面出现不定代词anything，nothing，everything，all，much，few，any，little以及the only，the very，the just，the last等含有定冠词the的限制性词组时，定语从句引导语中只能用that，不能用which。● 先行词在从句中作表语（常在be动词后面）时，一般用that引导。
2.［答案］C［考点］考查句意理解。
［译文］下列哪个句子表“命令”？
A项“请再重复一遍”表示请求。祈使句有两种功能，一种用来表示索取性的请求，另一种表示实施性的命令。B项“玩得开心点”表示一种祝愿。C项“别再做那事了！”表示命令。D项“你制造的噪音可真大！”为感叹句，表达抱怨。故C项正确。
3.［答案］A［考点］考查介词for构成的短语的用法。
［译文］下列斜体的短语中哪个表示“目的”？
A项“此事她说来本为一乐，别人却当了真”，for fun表示目的，为正确选项。B项中for表让步，意为“尽管”；C项中for表示一段时间的持续；D项中的for则表示方向性。
4.［答案］B［考点］考查祈使句的反意疑问句。
［译文］看完这本书后，不要忘了还给蒂姆，好吧？
该题的解题关键是判断出don't这个助动词不是对行为动词return的否定，而是表示祈使句的否定，表达了一种命令语气，“不要忘了做…”。因此，本着反意疑问句中否定祈使句的反意疑问用will you的原则，可知B项正确。
5.［答案］D［考点］考查现在分词的用法。
［译文］在词组freezing cold，burning hot或soaking wet中，现在分词用来强调。
现在分词在句子中可以作状语，表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件、方式、目的等，也可以表示让步、伴随、程度和结果。现在分词作程度状语时，表强调，常用来修饰形容词或副词。如：He was caught in the heavy rain and got his clothes soaking wet. （他淋了一场大雨，衣服全都湿透了）。A“作为命令”，B“作为条件”，C“作为让步”，D“作为强调”。因此选D。
6.［答案］B［考点］考查倍数和频率的表达。
［译文］下列斜体的短语哪个不正确？
表示英语倍数时，倍数后面常直接跟表长度、宽度、深度、高度、大小、速率、价值等类的可数名词。因此可以判断A、C的用法是正确的；D项为频率的表达方式，表“一年四次”。只有B项不正确，“力量”为不可数的抽象名词，不能与具体的倍数搭配，故选B。
7.［答案］A［考点］考查固定表达。
［译文］与其说是语言，不如说是文化背景令本书难以理解。
在这个固定结构的考查中，注意以下两个常见知识点的区别：as much a...as...应理解为“不仅是…，还是…”；而not so much...as则表示“与其说是…，不如说是…”，故A正确。
8.［答案］C［考点］考查宾语的用法。
［译文］下列斜体的部分哪个被用作宾语成分？
A项中do you think作插入语，无实际意义，what为行为动词happen的主语；B项中do you think也为插入语，而疑问代词who作系动词be的表语；D项中疑问副词词组how quickly在原句中作行为动词come的状语成分。C项中how much作行为动词earn的宾语，表示“赚多少”，所以C正确。
9.［答案］B［考点］考查another的用法。
［译文］额外的工作需要再花费两周的时间。
该题的考查重点在于another与other用法的区别。another与other均有两种词性，即形容词和代词。other常用于结构one，the other中，表示“一个（部分）…，另一个（部分）…”；而another则有“额外的；另外的”之意。原句中two weeks这段时间应作为一个整体来对待，根据句意可知B项正确。
10.［答案］D［考点］考查主语从句。
［译文］下列斜体的部分哪个是主语从句？
A项中that引导的从句作certain的宾语。B项中that引导同位语从句，解释说明the fact；C项中that引导宾语从句，作said的宾语成分；D项中that引导的从句为真正的主语，it作形式主语，原句译为“十天后矿工们仍活着纯粹靠运气”，故选D。
11.［答案］A［考点］考查would rather的用法。
［译文］天色渐晚了。我宁愿你现在就离开（别走太迟了）。
would rather do sth.是英语中常见的一个惯用句式。would/had rather的缩写形式为'd rather。would (had) rather中的would并无过去之意。该句式常用来表示选择的意愿，意为“宁愿…”（“最好…”）。would rather后可接从句，表示主语宁愿让某人做某事，此时从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事，用过去完成时表示过去要做的事。因此本题选A。
12.［答案］C［考点］考查反身代词的用法。
［译文］在“上午经理亲自面试了吉姆”这个句子中，斜体部分用来修饰什么？
反身代词的一条基本应用规则是，通常用来指代主语本身，据此可以判断本题答案为C而不是A。原句中反身代词himself用来强调主语the manager“本人亲自”，句意为“上午经理亲自面试了吉姆”。
13.［答案］B［考点］考查存在句结构。
［译文］毋庸置疑的是，这对夫妇比计划的时间早回家是对的。
there is no doubt后常跟that引导的从句，表示“毋庸置疑的是…”。that引导的从句实质上是该存在句式中真正的主语成分。因此本题选B。
14.［答案］A［考点］考查句意理解。
［译文］下列哪个句子表达了“（主动）给予”之意？
B项是对一个不确定的信息进行询问，“她需要现在订一张票吗？”；C项以情态动词may委婉地提出想要获知对方的名字；D项是向对方询问一个不确定的信息，因此，这三项都是希望对方基于某种不确定性给予说话人一个确切的回复。只有A项尽管用疑问代词what来询问对方要什么，但由前面的语境已经得知，“我”是主动提供服务，这里只是询问饮料的具体品种而已。因此选A。
15.［答案］B［考点］考查名词所有格的逻辑关系。
［译文］下列斜体的词组哪个表示主谓关系？
该题中四个选项的斜体部分都是所有格的表达形式，都可以大致理解为“谁的…”。A、D两项中，斜体部分结构相同，都是所有者加所有物构成，为物主关系；C项所有者John后面的结构travel details也是表抽象概念的事物，因此，A、C、D三者结构是一致的，即都是所有者加所有物构成。B项的斜体部分结构为动作发出者加事情（动作），名词arrival有动作之意，为动作发出者加所做的事情，属主谓结构关系，故选B。
16.［答案］B［考点］考查近义词辨析。
［译文］我们办公室最近更换了新的电脑系统。
A项alter主要强调“变样”，意同change，只是更正式些；C项transform强调完全地改变某事物或某人的外观或特性等；D项modify主要强调在形式或特征上的改变，或用来表示“减轻”之意。以上三项都为及物动词，不符合题干结构。B项convert“转变”，含“更新”之意，且与介词to或into连用，故选B。
17.［答案］A［考点］考查形容词词义辨析。
［译文］那个歌星一上台，观众就疯狂了。
C、D项为近义词，都指“不受控制的，无拘束的”；B项emotional指“有情感的；感情用事的”，A项wild本指“野蛮的；荒芜的”，但还有“狂热的”之意，与go搭配时表示“发疯了，发狂了”，故选A。
18.［答案］C［考点］考查副词词义辨析。
［译文］因为装修，学校图书馆暂时关闭。
四个选项作为副词都可以修饰行为动词。A项意为“立刻”；B项意为“很快地，迅速地”；C项意为“暂时地，临时地”；而D项则指“很快地，立即”，根据句意选C。
19.［答案］B［考点］考查固定习语。
［译文］此时约翰正忙得不可开交。划线部分的意思是什么？
up to one's eyes有两层含义，一是指（债台）高筑；二是当其与系动词be搭配，后跟in work时，指“工作极忙”，所以B“非常忙”正确。A“非常兴奋”；C“非常累”；D“非常有效率”。
20.［答案］D［考点］考查名词词义辨析。
［译文］维多利亚在超市恰巧碰到了她哥哥。划线单词的意思是什么？
句中动词词组bump into已经表示“偶然碰到”之意，后面跟by chance这个介词词组作状语，起进一步强调之意。D项有“运气，侥幸”之意，强调偶然性，符合句意。A项risk意为“冒险”；B项opportunity意为“机遇”；C项possibility意为“可能性”。
21.［答案］A［考点］考查形容词词义辨析。
［译文］“看那些漂亮的女孩的裙子”这个句子有歧义，因为不清楚到底是女孩漂亮还是裙子漂亮。
该题的四个选项中A项ambiguous指“意思不明确的，有歧义的”，结合句意可知A正确。B项指“隐藏的”；C项指“间接的”；D项indistinct主要指外形不清晰、朦胧。
22.［答案］C［考点］考查近义词辨析。
［译文］房子维修、度假、学费及其他花销几乎令他的存款所剩无几。
根据句意可直接排除A、D。A强调“数量；总额”，而D指“数字”，均不符合。B、C在意思上有相近之处，都有“花钱”之意，但payment强调“付款；支付报酬”。因此，只有C项expenses“花费，开销”为正确答案。
23.［答案］B［考点］考查形容词词义辨析。
［译文］还记得我的生日你真是太体贴了。
四个选项词义区别明显，答题的关键在于对原句及选项意思的把握。A指“感激的”；B指“体贴的，考虑周到的”；C指“相当大或多的”；D指“慷慨的”。原句中空格后面是of you，因此，前面的形容词应表示人的一种品质，D项不合句意。所以，B项正确。
24.［答案］D［考点］考查名词词义辨析。
［译文］你可以去旅行社要一本度假旅游宣传册。
A项introduction表示“介绍，入门”；B项advertisement表示“广告，宣传”；C项book表示“书籍”；D项brochure表示“宣传小册子”，尤其指带插图的册子，结合题干可知D项最符合此处句意。
25.［答案］A［考点］考查动词词义辨析。
［译文］市政府正建造更多的道路来容纳不断增加的车辆。
A表示“容纳；为…提供住处；适应”，是一个重要的词汇。由原句可以判断出，随着车辆的不断增加，市政府要建造更多的道路来容纳这些车辆，故为正确答案。B指“收到（某种具体的东西）”；C指“接受”；D有“抓住；（坚持）主张”等意思。
26.［答案］C［考点］考查名词词义辨析。
［译文］他们已经解除了对这个国家长达两年的经济封锁。
理解本题的第一个难点在于lift。lift有多重意思，从本句来看，应指“解除（封锁）”之意。四个选项中，A指“四周有围墙的场地”，还可指“信的附件”；B则指“限制”，强调法律或规则的制约；D强调“禁止，禁令”等；而C意为“封锁，阻塞”，常与economic搭配，指“经济封锁”，故选C。
27.［答案］B［考点］考查词组的意思。
［译文］每个人都对她跟男朋友吵过架感到很惊讶。划线部分的意思是什么？
固定短语fall out with意为“争吵”，因此选B。
28.［答案］A［考点］考查形容词词义辨析。
［译文］他的计划准备认真，细节周全，所以是一份详尽的计划。
A指“精心制作的，（计划）详尽的”；B指“精炼的，精美的”，可引申为“有修养的”；C指“有抱负的，有野心的”；D强调“复杂的，难懂的”。根据句意，只有A正确。
29.［答案］D［考点］考查副词词义辨析。
［译文］这个女孩的声音很低，以至于我们几乎听不到她说话。
原句中so...that...引导结果状语从句，根据句意可以判断空格处要填一个表示否定意义的副词，B项almost“几乎，差不多”、C项only“只，仅仅”可直接排除；A项seldom主要指“频率”很少，因此，正确答案应是D项barely“几乎不，勉强”。
30.［答案］B［考点］考查形容词词义辨析。
［译文］她一定很容易上当，竟被这么老套的把戏给骗了。
must have been结构用来对已发生的事情做肯定性推测，fall for与trick搭配表“上当”之意。A“感兴趣的”、C“热情的”两项放在原句中逻辑和语义不通，可先排除。D指“机灵的；精明的”，不合此处意思。B指“易受骗的”，符合句意。第三节 TEM-4考试大纲测试要求
1 测试要求（a）掌握并能正确运用《大纲》规定的一至四级语法内容。（b）掌握《大纲》规定的基础阶段认知词汇（5500~6000），并能正确、熟练地运用其中的3000~4000个单词及其基本的搭配。（c）考试时间15分钟。
2 测试形式
本部分采用单项选择题，共30道题，每题有四个选项。题目中约50%为词汇、词组和短语用法题，其余为语法结构题。
3 测试目的
测试考生掌握词汇、短语及基本语法概念的熟练程度。第二章 语法考点深度剖析第一节 题型分析
1 题型介绍
语法与词汇是英语专业四级考试的第四个题型，目的是测试考生对词汇、短语及基本语法概念掌握的熟练程度。该部分为单项选择题，共30道题，每道题有四个选项。其中约50%的题目为词汇、词组和短语用法题，其余为语法结构题。该题型的考试时间为15分钟，分值比例为15%。
通过对2001年到2011年语法与词汇真题的分析，我们把语法部分的基本考点归纳为各类从句，特殊句式，虚拟语气，句意理解、句子成分，非谓语动词，动词时态，情态动词及其他等八类，其中，其他包括形容词、代词、副词、限定词的用法等。
2 题目特点
专业四级考试中的语法题目具有如下特点：
•语法部分对各类从句的考查占主导地位（见下表），主要考查名词性从句、定语从句及状语从句。
•对句意理解、句子成分的考查呈上升趋势，主要考查对句子意思的理解、句子正误的判断及句子成分的分析。表1：专四语法历年真题题型分布
从上表可以看出，专四语法历年真题的考点主要分布在从句上，其次是特殊句式，虚拟语气，句意理解、句子成分，非谓语动词和动词时态。在2005年专四改革后，语法题对从句、句意理解、句子成分考查的比重有所增加，因此，考生在备考时，应多注意对这几方面的学习。第二节 三类从句考点归纳
1 名词性从句
名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。这类从句的考查点如下：● it作形式主语，主语从句后置。例如：
It is a fact that some children tend to learn language faster than others.● 主语从句和同位语从句的连接词不可省略。例如：
That he won the game is what everyone expected.● if和whether均可引导宾语从句，但是引导主语从句时只能用
whether。
Whether he will come or not is still unknown yet.● whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等引导主语或者宾语从句
时，分别表示无论什么、无论谁、无论什么时候、无论什么地方
等之意；此时不可以用no matter what/who/when/where等替换。
例如：
We can assign the task to whoever is capable and trustworthy.
以2009年第57题为例：
57.We consider______he should have left without telling anyone beforehand.
A. strange why
B. it strange what
C. it strange that
D. that strange
本题考查宾语从句。it在句中为形式宾语，真正的宾语是从句that he should have left without telling anyone beforehand，而strange则为宾语补足语。that在宾语从句中不充当任何句子成分，所以排除A、B两项，选C。
译文：他事先没告诉任何人就离开了，我们对此感到很奇怪。
2 定语从句
定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句（紧跟先行词，与先行词之间不用逗号隔开）和非限定性定语从句（与先行词或主句间有逗号隔开，修饰先行词、整个主句或主句的一部分，仅起补充说明作用，若去掉，主句意思依然完整）。定语从句的常见考点有：● 定语从句和同位语从句：两者的区别在于定语从句的关系词在从
句中充当一个成分，而同位语从句的连接词在从句中不充当成
分。例如：
The news that we heard is not true. （定语从句）
The news that he won the prize is not true. （同位语从句）● 定语从句与状语从句：两者的区别在于定语从句是修饰其先行词
的，而状语从句是修饰整个主句的，在主句中充当状语。例如：
He found the books where he had put. （状语从句）
He found the books in the place where he had put. （定语从句）● 定语从句与强调句：区别两者的方法是强调句去掉It is/
was...that...后仍然是一个语法结构和语义都完整的句子，而定语
从句在去掉It is/was和从句的关系词后句子结构不完整。例如：
It is the place where they lived before. （定语从句）
It is in the place that they lived before. （强调句）● 定语从句中的先行词：先行词是定语从句中关系词前面的名词。
定语从句一定要有先行词。
Is this book the one that you bought yesterday? 从句的先行词为the one。
Is this the book that you bought yesterday? 从句的先行词为the book。● 定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性：定语从句的谓语动词和
先行词保持主谓一致；当先行词为one of+名词复数时，定语从
句的谓语动词要用复数；当先行词为the only one of+名词复数
时，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数。例如：
He is the only one of the students who was here just now.
He is one of the students who were here just now.● 定语从句的关系词。
a）that指物，有时也可以指人；which指物，不能指人。只能用that而不能用which的情况有：
先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；
先行词前有next, last, very, any, little, no等修饰时；
先行词是all, much, little, none等时；
先行词是不定代词something, anything, anything, everything时。
以2009年第56题为例：
56.I was very interested in______she told me.
A. all that
B. all which
C. all what
D. that
本题考查定语从句。定语从句中，如果先行词为不定代词（anything, something, all...）时，定语从句的关系词只能用that。本题的先行词为all，关系词只能用that，she told me为定语从句修饰all，故选A。
译文：我对她告诉我的一切都很感兴趣。
b）先行词是人+物时，关系词要用that而不用which/who。例如：
He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all. （正）
He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all. （误）
c）先行词本身是that时，一般用which引导定语从句。例如：
The predicate is that which is said of the subject.
d）在who开头的疑问句中，若要用关系代词引导定语从句，则用that引导定语从句。例如：
Who is the girl that is singing in the hall?
e）当关系词后面有插入语时，用which引导定语从句。例如：
Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English.
f）which可以引导非限定性定语从句，也可以放在介词后面，that则不能。例如：
The room in which she lives is a large one.
g）as引导定语从句，可以指代整个主句，位置可以在主句前，也可以在主句后。which指代整个主句，只能放在主句后。例如：
As might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.
The response to the question was very mixed, as/which might be expected.
3 状语从句
状语从句的种类比较多，常见的状语从句及相应的从句连接词如下：● 时间状语从句：while; when; before; whenever; as; after; till; until;
since; once; ever since; as/so long as; as soon as; no
sooner...than; hardly...when; scarcely/barely...when; the moment/
minute/instant; on (the point of) doing...
以2010年第54题为例：
54.After______seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.
A. that
B. it
C. what
D. there
本题考查时间状语从句。此处为after引导的时间状语，该从句缺少主语，故需填入一个能作主语的连接词，所以本题选C。
译文：经历漫长的等待之后，终于轮到他进入人事经理的办公室了。● 地点状语从句：where; wherever...● 原因状语从句：because; since; as; seeing that; considering that;
now that; in that; for fear that; lest; owing to the fact that; because
of the fact that; due to the fact that...
以2008年第54题为例：
54.Men differ from animals______they can think and speak.
A. for which
B. for that
C. in that
D. in which
选C，in that意为“因为，在于”，引导原因状语从句。A和D引导的是定语从句。
译文：人区别于动物是因为人能够思考和说话。● 方式状语从句：as; as if; as though; how; save that...
以2008年第53题为例：
53.Nine is to three______three is to one.
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. what
考查固定句式，A is to B what C is to D的意思是“A对于B正如C对于D”，what引导方式状语从句，故选D。
译文：9相对于3正如3相对于1。● 比较状语从句：as; than; as...as; not so...as; hardly...than...
以2006年第64题为例：
64.It was______we had hoped.
A. more a success than
B. a success more than
C. as much of a success as
D. a success as much as
该句中，比较的部分是程度副词much，应放在比较事物a success的前面，故排除B、D两项，A选项应为“more of+名词短语+than”，故只有C正确。
译文：正如我们所希望的那样，这很成功。● 结果状语从句：so that; so...that...; such...that...; so as to...● 条件状语从句：if; unless; in case; so long as; so far as; provided/
providing that...; supposing; granted/granting that...; giving that...
以2004年第60题为例：
60.______both sides accept the agreement______a lasting peace be established in this region.
A. Only if, will
B. If only, would
C. Should, will
D. Unless, would
本题为only引导的条件状语从句。only引导状语从句置于句首时，主句需要倒装，故选A。
译文：只有双方都接受协议，才能在该地区建立持久的和平。● 让步状语从句：though; although; even if; even though; whether;
as; however; no matter（what, how, when）; for all that; in spite
of the fact that; granted that; regardless of the fact that...
以2009年第54题为例：
54.______the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.
A. Whatever
B. Whenever
C. Whichever
D. However
whatever = no matter what，引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”，充当句子成分；whenever引导时间状语从句，与题意不符，故排除；whichever通常指一种选择关系，不充当句子成分，表示“无论哪一个”；however引导让步状语从句时，后边通常接形容词或副词。本题的题干是the boss says，缺少宾语，故选A。
译文：无论老板说什么，要求我加班却不给报酬都是不合理的。● 目的状语从句：that; so that; in order that; lest; for the fear that; in
case...
状语从句的考查重点包括：
a）根据上下文辨别状语从句的类型并选取相应的连接词。例如：
______their policy can be changed, the future for that country will be indeed bleak.
A. Even if
B. Unless
C. Now that
D. As long as
该句句意为“如果他们的政策不变的话，那个国家的前途就真的没有希望了”，故选B。
b）条件状语从句：主要考点为虚拟条件句，详见本章第四节的内容。
c）让步状语从句：词尾为-ever的“wh-疑问词”可以和no matter+“wh-疑问词”换用，但是前者还可以引导名词性从句而后者不可以。例如：
Whoever/No matter who calls, tell him I'm out.● 各类表示比较的结构。主要包括：
a）as...as...结构：
He walked as far as the foot of the mountain. 远到…
As far as I know, they are coming. 就…来说，尽…
The house was as good as sold. 与…几乎一样，实际上等于
You may use the book as you like, so （as）long as you keep it clean. 只要…
Any tourist wants to see as much as possible the country he is visiting. 和…同样的程度
b）more/less...than...结构：与其…不如…
The child was less hurt than frightened. 与其说那个孩子被伤到了，不如说他被吓到了。
The child was more frightened than hurt. 与其说那个孩子被伤到了，不如说他被吓到了。
This book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar. 这本书与其说是语法书，不如说是字典。
c）no less A than B结构：A和B一样…
A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is. 鲸鱼和马一样，都是哺乳动物。
d）no more...than B或not...any more than B结构：同B一样不…
A student can no more obtain knowledge without studying than a farmer can get harvest without plowing. 学生不学习就无法获取知识，如同农民不耕耘就没有收成一样。
One minute too late is no more in time than half an hour is. 迟到一分钟与迟到半小时都是不准时。
It is not easy to impart knowledge any more than it is to acquire knowledge.传授知识和获得知识都不容易。
e）more than结构：
The consequence was much more than （what）he imagined. 超出…的
Her performance was more than good; it was perfect. 非常，极其
Television is more than just an electronics system. 不只是，不仅是
f）not so much as结构：
not so much A as B 与其说…是A，不如说…是B
Henry is not so much a writer as a reporter. 亨利与其说是一个作家，还不如说是一个记者。
g）not so much as+v. 结构：甚至不；连…都不…
I have not so much as heard of him, much less know him.我都没怎么听说过他，更别提认识他了。第三节 三种特殊句式总结
1 反意疑问句
反意疑问句由肯定陈述句和简略否定问句或否定陈述句和简略肯定问句构成。主要考点包括：● 疑问部分的助动词要与陈述部分的助动词保持人称、数及时态上
的一致。例如：
You were late, weren't you?● 疑问部分的主语要和陈述部分的主语保持一致。如果陈述部分主
语为表示人的不定代词（everyone, someone, anyone, no one），
疑问部分的主语一般用they；如果陈述部分主语为表示物的不定
代词（everything, something, nothing）或者this, that等，疑问部
分的主语一般用it；如果陈述部分是there be句型，疑问部分的主
语用there。例如：
Somebody borrowed my book yesterday, didn't they?
That's great, isn't it?
There must be someone else there, mustn't there?● 如果陈述句的主语为nobody, nothing, none, neither, few等否定代
词，反意疑问句使用肯定结构。疑问句中用they代替nobody,
neither, few；用it代替nothing；they或者it均可用来代替none。例
如：
Neither of them came, did they?
Nothing was left, was it?● 陈述句中含有hardly, seldom, rarely等否定副词，则反意疑问句
使用肯定形式。例如：
You seldom go there, do you?● 几种特殊的反意疑问句。例如：
Have some tea, won't you?
Don't do that, will you?
Let's go shopping after dinner, shall we?
Please let us have more time, will you?
I am good at math, aren't I?
You must go home, needn't you?
She ought to leave, shouldn't she?
以2008年第58题为例：
58.When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on my desk,______?
A. do you
B. don't you
C. will you
D. won't you
复合句的反意疑问句应该针对主句反问。本题的主句为don't forget to...，是否定祈使句，否定祈使句的反意疑问句应用will you，肯定祈使句用won't you，因此选C。
译文：看完那本书以后，别忘了放回到我的桌子上，好吗？
2 倒装
倒装有两种情况：完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装指将句子的谓语动词全部置于主语之前，而部分倒装则只将相应的助动词提到主语的前面。例如：
In came a man with a white beard. 进来了一个白胡子老头。（完全倒装）
Hardly did I think it possible. 我几乎认为这是不可能的。（部分倒装）● 完全倒装
a）here, there, now, then, thus, out, in, up, down, away等副词置于句首，谓语动词是be, come, go, lie, run, rush等时，句子完全倒装。例如：
There comes the bus.
Away went the boy.
Out rush the children.
b）完全倒装句的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不倒装。例如：
Here comes the teacher.
There she comes.
c）as引导的方式状语从句中，句子完全倒装。例如：
Peter likes sports, as do many of his friends.
d）充当句子表语的不定式或者分词短语为了表示强调而位于句首时，句子完全倒装。例如：
Gone are the days when we did not have enough to eat.● 部分倒装
符合以下任何一种情况，句子部分倒装：
a）表示否定的词和短语位于句首。例如：
Under no circumstances shall you lie to me.
以2009年第59题为例：
59.Little______about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.
A. she cared
B. she may care
C. may she care
D. did she care
以表否定意义的词或短语开头的句子要部分倒装，这些词或短语包括hardly，never，rarely，little，in no way，under no situation，not until等。本题以little开头，故要用部分倒装，即把助动词提前，所以选D。
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