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南京师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2010年南京师范大学外国语学院351英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
科目代码：351
科目名称：英语翻译基础（英译汉）
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则无效。
I. Please translate the following sentences into Chinese. (50%)
1．Parents often feel inadequate when confronted on the one hand with the eager, sensitive mind of a child and on the other hand with a world of complex physical nature.【答案】父母一方面要面对孩子热切敏锐的头脑，另一方面还要面对一个错综复杂的物质世界，这时候，父母们往往会感到力不从心。
2．There is symbolic as well as actual beauty in the migration of the birds, the ebb and flow of the tides, the folded bud ready for the spring. There is something infinitely healing in the repeated refrains of nature—the assurance that dawn, comes after night, and spring after the winter.【答案】鸟儿的迁徙、潮水的涨落、含苞的花蕾，既有象征性的美，又有实际意义上的美。在循环往复的大自然中有着无限治愈性的存在——黑夜过后一定是黎明，冬天过后一定是春天。
3．In a time of increasing specialization—a time when 90 percent of all the scientists who have ever lived are currently alive—more than ever we need to know what is truly important in life.【答案】在一个日益专业化的时代，在一个所有科学家中有90%都还健在的时代里，我们比过去任何时候都更需要了解生活中什么才是真正重要的。
4．We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.【答案】我们，美利坚合众国的人民，为了组织一个更完善的联邦，树立正义，保障国内安宁，建立共同国防，增进全民福利，确保我们自己及我们的后代能安享自由之幸福，乃为美利坚合众国制定并确立这一部宪法。
5．Why, at the height of desire and human pleasure—worldly, social, amorous, ambitious or even avaricious—does there mingle a certain sense of doubt and sorrow?【答案】入世务俗，交游酬应，男女爱悦，图营势位，乃至贪婪财货，人生百为，于兴最高、人最欢时，辄微觉乐趣中杂以疑虑与忧伤，其故何耶。
II. Please translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. (100%)
l. For most of this century, scientists have worshipped the hardware of the brain and the software of the mind; the messy powers of the heart were left to the poets. But cognitive theory could simply not explain the questions we wonder about most: why some people just seem to have a gift for living well; why the smartest kid in the class will probably not end up the richest; why we like some people virtually on sight and distrust others; why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resilient soul. What qualities of the mind or spirit, in short, determine who succeeds?【参考译文】
在本世纪大部分时间里，科学家们一直崇拜大脑这个具体之物和思维这个无形之物，而情感这一纷乱的力量却留给了诗人去谈论。但认知理论就是无法解释我们最想弄清的问题：为什么有些人似乎就是有过上好日子的才能；为什么班里最聪明的孩子很可能最终并不是最富有的；为什么我们对有些人几乎一眼就喜欢上了，而对另一些人却信不过；为什么有些人面对困难仍能保持乐观，而另一些人则坚持不住，沉沦下去。一句话，思维或精神的何种素质决定了人的成功？
2．Anyone with eyes can take delight in a face or a flower. You need training, however, to perceive the beauty in mathematics or physics or chess, in the architecture of a tree, the design of a bird’s wing, or the shiver of breath through a flute. For most of human history, the training has come from elders who taught the young how to pay attention. By paying attention, we learn to savor all sorts of patterns, from quantum mechanics to patchwork quilts. This predilection brings with it a clear evolutionary advantage, for the ability to recognize patterns helped our ancestors to select mates, find food, avoid predators. But the same advantage would apply to all species, and yet we alone compose symphonies and crossword puzzles, carve stone into statues, map time and space.【参考译文】
任何人都能在一颦一笑，一花一草中体验快乐。但是，发现数学之美、物理之绝、象棋之妙的眼睛并不是与生俱来，而欣赏树木形态、鸟翼构造、或是悠扬笛声的心灵也非浑然自成。我们需要点拨和引领。纵观历史传承，这样的点拨和引领往往来自长者，籍此，年轻人学会专注；因为专注，我们领略到万千形态的美，无论是量子力学中精妙的理论，还是棉被上漂亮的拼花图案。正是出于对美的强烈偏爱，才使得人类在物种进化的追逐比拼中处于上风。因为人类能够辨识出美的事物，而我们的祖先则因循这一标准选择伴侣，寻找食物，躲避敌人。如果自然界中所有的物种都拥有发现美的能力，那么它们都将在进化过程中称霸一方。然而，惟独人类在演变中独占鳌头：我们谱写交响曲，创造字谜游戏；在我们的手中，顽石诞生为雕像，时空归依为坐标。
3．One man, when he has done another a kindness, is ready also to reckon on a return. A second is not ready to do this, but yet in his heart of hearts ranks the other as a debtor, and he is conscious of what he has done. But a third is in a manner not conscious of it, but is like the vine that has borne a cluster of grapes, and when it has once borne its due fruit looks for no reward beyond, as it is with a steed when it has run its course, a hound when it has singled out the trail, a bee When she has made her comb. And so a man when he has done one thing well, does not cry it abroad, but betakes himself to a second, as a vine to bear afresh her clusters in due season.【参考译文】
第一种人，当他施与他人恩惠时，也准备好接受回报了。第二种人，他不愿这样做，但在他的内心深处，他认为另一方对自己有所亏欠，而且他很清楚自己做了什么。但是第三种人，他全然没有意识到他做了什么，他像长出了一簇葡萄的葡萄藤一样，当葡萄藤在适当的季节里结出了果实，它便再无所求。就像在道路上奔驰的骏马、找出小路的猎犬、筑造蜂巢的蜜蜂一样。所以，当一个人做了好事，不要四处宣传，而要将自己放在第二位，就像葡萄藤在收获的季节就会结出丰硕的果实。
4．These myths and many others are shattered by our discovery of the true Chinese origins of many of the things, all around us, which we take for granted. Some of our greatest achievements turn out to have been not achievements at all, but simple borrowings. Yet there is no reason for us to feel inferior or downcast at the realization that much of the genius of mankind’s advance was Chinese rather than European. For it is exciting to realize that the East and the West are not as far apart in spirit or in fact as most of us have been led, by appearances, to believe, and that the East and West are already combined in a synthesis we live our daily lives, and so profound that it is all-pervading. Within this synthesis we live our daily lives, and from it there is no escape. The modem world is a combination of Eastern and Western ingredients which are inextricably fact that we are largely unaware of it is perhaps one of the greatest cases of historical blindness in the existence of the human race.【参考译文】
当我们发现，在周围所有那些我们认为理所应当的东西中，很多东西其实真正起源于中国时，这些神话和许多其他的东西都被粉碎了。在我们所取得的最伟大的成就中，一些成就根本就不是成就，只是简单的借鉴而已。许多引领人类进步的天才是中国人而非欧洲人，但我们也没有理由因此而感到自卑或是气馁。我们中大多数人被一些表面现象引导而去相信，东方和西方在精神上或实际中远远分离开来，但令人兴奋的是，事实并非如此。而且，在我们的日常生活中，东方和西方已经结合在一起，这种结合分布广泛，影响深远。在这个结合体中，我们过着日常的生活，没有人能从中逃脱。现代世界是一个东西方元素密不可分的结合体，我们大多没有意识到这一事实，这可能是人类种族存在以来历史盲点的例子中最重大的盲点之一了。
2012年南京师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30′)
1．IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织（International Monetary Fund）
2．ASEAN【答案】东南亚国家联盟（东盟）（Association of Southeast Asian Nations）
3．NMD【答案】国家导弹防御系统（National Missile Defense）
4．COO【答案】首席运营官（Chief Operating Officer）
5．GNP【答案】国民生产总值（Gross National Product）
6．DNS【答案】域名解析系统（Domain Name System）；域名服务器（Domain Name Server）
7．BBS【答案】电子布告栏系统（Bulletin Board System）
8．OTC【答案】非处方药（Over The Counter）；（联合国）技术合作处（Office of Technical Cooperation）
9．IOC【答案】国际奥林匹克委员会（International Olympic Committee）；国际海洋学委员会（International Oceanographic Commission）
10．video on demand【答案】视频点播
11．telegraphic transfer【答案】[金融]电汇
12．marginal revenue【答案】[会计]边际收入，边际收益
13．corporate image【答案】企业形象；公司形象
14．customs declaration【答案】[贸易]报关单；[税收]申报关税
15．Organization of American States【答案】美洲国家组织
16．局域网【答案】LAN（local area network）
17．和谐共赢【答案】all-win harmony
18．三下乡【答案】Bringing Culture, Science and Technology, and Hygienic Health to the Countryside
19．“五个一工程”【答案】the Five “One” Project/the Best Works Award
20．到……挂职【答案】to take up provisional post in
21．主任科员【答案】Principle Staff Member
22．解决民生问题【答案】to improve people’s well-being
23．自主创新【答案】self-dependent innovation
24．基层民主【答案】community-level democracy
25．全方位外交【答案】multi-faceted diplomacy
26．沿江沿边【答案】areas along the Yangtzi River and national border
27．生态文明【答案】conservation culture/ecological civilization
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]